What are the merits and drawbacks of nuclear and

joint families?
Ruchismita

Nuclear family:

A nuclear family is a family group consisting of a father and mother and their children, who share living
quarters. This can be contrasted with an extended family.

Nuclear families can have any number of children. Historical records indicate that it was not until the 17th and
18th centuries that the nuclear family became prevalent in Western Europe. With the emergence of post-
industrialisation and early capitalism, the nuclear family became a financially viable social unit.

Nuclear family grows out of joint/extended family when there is migration from village to city for employment
or other reasons where joint family is not possible due to paucity of needed larger residential accommodation,
different occupation etc. That is why it is manly seen in urban areas, cities and metropolis.

Nuclear families may also exist in rural areas because the joint family cannot go on indefinitely owing to
physical and social limitations. There is a limit to the number of people a house can accommodate and thus,
there is bound to be fission into smaller nuclear families in the family cycle of development. There are other
reasons too. Among agricultural labourers or low caste artisans, who have little

or no land to operate, joint living is not needed. Fight over scarce resources and food makes joint family
unfeasible. Poverty, short life span women's wage, employment outside home etc., are some other factors that
make the existence of joint families difficult. This unclarity is often due to such negative rather than any
positive cases.

Nuclear family

Merits

Unlike the joint family, there is greater degree of freedom for spouses in the nuclear family. The status of the
woman is higher and she often takes up employment outside the home. The material well- being of children,
such as healthcare and education, is higher because of more resources available. Nuclear families are adaptable
to social change.

Drawbacks

The nuclear family misses all the advantages of joint living. It is too isolated and unconnected to elicit support
or assistance during need or crisis. Its limited size poses practical problems for child rearing and care, more so
when the mother works outside.

Children are deprived of a wider social world, emotional bonding, love and affection that a joint family
provides. The old parents are left in the village or old age homes without personal care.

Joint Family
Joint Family is an extended family arrangement prevalent among Hindus of the Indian subcontinent, consisting
of many generations living under the same roof.

All the male members are blood relatives and all the women are either mothers, wives, unmarried daughters, or
widowed relatives, all bound by the common relationship. The joint family status being the result of birth,
possession of joint cord that knits the members of the family together is not property but the relationship.

The family is headed by a patriarch, usually the oldest male, who makes decisions on economic and social
matters on behalf of the entire family. The patriarch's wife generally exerts control over the kitchen, child
rearing and minor religious practices. All money goes to the common pool and all property is held jointly.

Six key aspects of Joint Family are :

head of the family takes all decision

all members live under one roof

share the same kitchen

three generations living together (though often two or more brothers live together, or father and son live
together or all the descendants of male live together)

income and expenditure in a common pool, property held together.

a common place of worship

all decisions are made by the male head of the family - patrilineal, patriarchal.

Merits

The joint family is ideally suited for land-based rural families for its economic, social and psychological
advantages. The joint operation of property allows increased efficiency of pooled labour and economies of a
single kitchen and household. It provides for efficient geriatric and childcare, as there are many women to look
after them.

This enables mothers to work in fields or do household work. Children grow up with care, love and affection
from grand parents, uncles, aunts, cousins etc., besides their own parents. Joint family is an ideal setting to learn

virtues of co-operation and collective living for the young people. This strengthens stability in larger society
too. Pooled resources enable the family to avert any crisis or need.

Family festivals and occasions can be celebrated more elegantly, enhancing the prestige of all the members. In
general, joint family ensures the happiness and well-being of all its members.

Joint families may also own industries/business (besides agriculture). There are many well known
industry/business houses running their enterprises jointly owned them by brothers etc. in a Joint Family.

Drawbacks

The system is not without disadvantages though. Since the system is essentially patriarchal, authority rests with
men. Women in general have a low status and are often excluded from decision-making.
There is little freedom for junior male members. The family, more based on tradition, many not be open to
change or accepting new elements.

The weight of the family is heavy on young couples who hardly have the space to cultivate a conjugal bond. It
hinders the process of individual freedom.

There may be joint families in the matriarchal system also where mother/sister (often the youngest sister owns)
live together with their spouses and children and the mother is the head of the family.

How the personal and socio-cultural concerns are

related to adolescents?
Ruchismita

In this phase, an adolescents tries to adjust him/her self to the external atmosphere and an automatic collection
of physical and psycho-social traits appear of an individual personality following are the common concern of
adolescents:

Personal Concerns

These concerns can be further grouped into:

(a) Emotional concerns

(b) Physical concerns.

(a) Emotional concerns

At this stage social changes are reflected under the influence of the peer group. New values in friendship, social
acceptance and rejection and selection of leaders are seen. Some concerns related to personal emotions are:

(i) Drug abuse:

It is generally observed that adolescents are particularly more at risk for drug abuse. Most of the drug addicts
start using drugs out of curiosity, quite often under the influence of friends and peer group. They wrongly
believe that drugs will help to overcome their boredom, depression and fatigue.

It has also been found that some adolescents start taking drugs because of the lack of love and understanding on
the part of those who have been very closely attached to such persons. Most of the drug addicts are found to
suffer from frustration in life.

Adolescents in India are equally vulnerable. According to the India Drug Country Report, 1955 most of the drug
abusers are of adolescent age. Physical and psychological dependence on drugs leads them to the state of
euphoria.

(ii) Increased peer influence:

It is the peer group in which an adolescent continues to formulate and revise his concept of individuality and he
correlates his problems from which he is struggling to free himself.
The peer group offers the adolescent a world in which he may associate in a climate, where the values that are
set not by adults, but by others of his own age. Sometimes a group is formed and anit-social behaviours like
theft, gambling, prostitution, alcoholism etc. are seen due to peer pressure and influence.

(b) Physical concerns

(i) Homosexuality

Psychologists and biologists have made a good deal of study for biological bases of adolescent personality.
Important external and internal bodily changes take place in sexual characteristics. Three different phases mark
the development of sexual urge at adolescence. These are autoerotism, homosexuality and heterosexuality.

Homosexuality is a major concern of physical development of adolescents these days as it is increasing day to
day. During this period, passionate friendship develops between the members of same sex.

This kind of abnormal and unnatural sexual behaviour may lead adolescents to sex related diseases and
HIV/AIDS transmission. It will be better that the teachers and parents should give instructions about sex
carefully and frankly.

(ii) Prevention of Drug Abuse

Our socio-cultural environment does not approve the use of tobacco, alcohol, or other linked drugs. Attitudes
concerning smoking, drinking and other forms of drug abuse usually are found during early adolescence and
hence interventions for prevention must begin early.

Parents and teachers play decisive role in helping child to cultivate proper attitude towards drugs. To tackle the
problem they must take great care and deal the solution psychologically

Social-cultural concerns

Juvenile delinquency

Juvenile delinquency is the broad-based term given to juveniles who commit crimes. Juveniles are defined as
those people who haven't reached adulthood or the age of majority. What defines adulthood or the age of
majority in a court system may be predetermined by law, especially for minor crimes.

Major crimes may force the courts to decide to try a juvenile as an adult, a very important distinction, since
sentencing can then mean not just spending adolescence, but a lifetime in prison. Delinquency can be defined as
the committing of those things considered crimes by the state, although delinquent can also mean abandoned.
Thus juvenile delinquency can cover anything from' small crime to very serious crimes like felony theft and
murder.

There are many schools of thought as to the primary factors that contribute to juvenile delinquency. Many of
these are tied to nature/ nurture arguments. It is certainly the case that children who are neglected, abused or
impoverished are statistically more likely to fall into delinquency patterns.

Though this may be statistically relevant, it fails to account for the delinquency of those who have good and
loving parents, and suitable living circumstances. More frequently, geneticists are refuting the idea that children
are a tabula rasa, or blank slate.
Genetic makeup may play a factor in juvenile delinquency, but it may only establish a predilection toward
behaviour, while nurturance or lack thereof may create circumstances necessary to cause the behaviour.

Furthermore, knowledge of early onset mental illness helps determine suitable rehabilitative efforts for juvenile
delinquents. Consideration can be given to a juvenile's "reasonable ability to control his/her own behaviour,
based on factors like mental illness, drug use, and upbringing.

Key to determining the best rehabilitation in juvenile delinquency trials is the attempt to understand why a child
was delinquent, and what circumstances contributed to this delinquency.

Child labour

Child labour refers to the employment of children at regular and sustained labour. This practice is considered
exploitative by many international organisations and is illegal in many countries. Child labour was utilized to
varying extents through most of history, but entered public dispute with the advent of universal schooling, with
changes in working conditions during the industrial revolution, and with the emergence of the concepts of
workers' and children's rights.

In many developed countries, it is considered inappropriate or exploitative if a child below a certain age works
(excluding household chores or school-related work). An employer is usually not permitted to hire a child below
a certain minimum age. This minimum age depends on the country and the type of work involved.

States ratifying the Minimum Age Convention adopted by the International Labour Organisation in 1973, have
adopted minimum ages varying from 14 to 16. Child labour laws in the United States set the minimum age to
work in an establishment without restrictions and without parents' consent at age 16.

The incidence of child labour in the world decreased from 25 to 10 per cent between 1960 and 2003, according
to the World Bank.

Suicide is the act of a human being intentionally causing his or her own death. Suicide is often committed out
of despair, or attributed to some underlying mental disorder which includes depression, bipolar disorder,
schizophrenia, alcoholism and drug abuse. Financial difficulties, interpersonal relationships and other
undesirable situations play a significant role.

Over one million people commit suicide every year. The World Health Organisation (WHO) estimates that it is
the thirteenth-leading cause of death worldwide. It is a leading cause of death among teenagers and adults under
35. There are an estimated 10 to 20 million non-fatal attempted suicides every year worldwide.

Views on suicide have been influenced by broader cultural views on existential themes such as religion, honour,
and the meaning of life. In the West it was often regarded as a serious crime. Conversely, during the samurai era
in Japan, seppuku was respected as a means of atonement for failure or as a form of protest.

In the 20th century, suicide in the form of self-immolation has been used as a form of protest, and in the form of
kamikaze and suicide bombing as a military or terrorist tactic. Sati is a Hindu funeral practice in which the
widow would immolate herself on her husband's funeral pyre, either willingly, or under pressure from the
family and in-laws.

Medically assisted suicide (euthanasia, or the right to die) is currently a controversial ethical issue involving
people who are terminally ill, in extreme pain, or have (perceived or construed) minimal quality of life through
injury or illness. Self-sacrifice for others is not always considered suicide, as the goal is not to kill one but to
save another; however, Emile Durkheim's theory termed such acts "altruistic suicide".
Recreation is an important necessity for a person. Today's world is the world of information and technology. A
boom of technology can be seen in print and electronic media for the recreational purpose. We can see these
days that adolescents are also mishandling this boon. In fact, leisure has become nuisance in its commercial
form.

It is the result of amusement enterprise organised for the mere purpose of profit and it does not meet any value.
Misuse of computer Internet, mobile phones and other audio-video devices has been commonly seen. The use of
mobile phone and audio video devices are popular among the adolescents these days.

It not only keeps our younger generation in daydreaming and raw knowledge of sexual behaviour but also
enhance the danger of indulgence in abnormal activities leading to sexually transmitted infections. These
diseases affect sexual organs and can seriously affect the entire health of an individual.

Prevention

The international code of satellite use and ban on pornography can be a strong measure to overcome the
problem. Proper sex education and recreational use of mass media can be a tool for the purpose.

The advisory panels and censor boards must do something in this field and there should be principles for the
guidance of mass media in the interest of Adolescents today.

Gender role issue and adolescence

It is increasingly accepted that gender issue influences all aspects of human life in the way individuals grow in
the family, the schooling they receive, the healthcare services, the social roles they play, the way they participate
in the decision making process in family, social and political situation and the power and authority they
command in different context.

In many ways the notion of sex-linked concept of gender, is also socially contracted. Gender roles are sets of
behaviours, which are determined by the society for males and females. In almost all societies Men and women
are assigned different roles but they do not get equal position of power in society. Males are valued higher than
females.

There has been a perceptible change in the traditional gender roles during the last three of four decades
consequent upon the efforts to promote gender equality.

This embodies the principles of equality of rights, status and mutual respect between male and females. But,
still a lot of efforts are needed for the evil of discrimination against women.

There is an urgent need to eliminate all forms of discrimination against the girl child and the root causes of son
preference, which results in harmful and unethical practices. It is equally essential to appreciate the value of girl
child and to strengthen her self-esteem and status.
 ROLE OF TEACHER IN A SCHOOL
Introduction

Among the greatest of all services that can be rendered by men to Almighty God, is the education and
training of children, so that they can foster by grace in the way of salvation, growing like pearls of divine
bounty in the shell of education and will be one day the jewel in the crown of abiding glory.

Henry Von Dyke has said about teachers and teaching Ah! There you have the worst paid and the best
rewarded of vocations. Do not enter it unless you love it. For the vast majority of men and women it has no
promise of wealth and fame, but they to whom it is dear for its own sake are among the nobility of mankind. I
sing the praise of the unknown teacher, king of himself and leader of the mankind, This, we may say is the
philosophical meaning of teaching, but is very relevant and meaning also.

The teacher is the yardstick that measures the achievements and aspirations of the nation. The worth and
potentialities of a country get evaluated in and through the work of the teacher, The people of a country are
the enlarged replica of their teacher. They are the real nation builders.

It needs no description that the teacher is the pivot of any educational system of the younger students. On
him rests the failure or the success of the system. If the teachers are well educated and if they are
intellectually alive and take keen interest in their job, then only, success is ensured. But, if on the other hand,
they lack training in education and if they cannot give their heart to their profession, the system is destined to
fail. Hence, the teacher is another vital component of the school.

The teacher is a dynamic force of the school. A school without teacher is just like a body without the soul, a
skeleton without flesh and blood, a shadow without substance. There is no greater need for the cause of
education today than the need for strong manly men and motherly women as teachers for the young. As
social engineers, the teachers can socialize and humanize the young by their man-like qualities

TEACHERS PRAYER

Help us, O Lord to penetrate into the secret of the child, so that we may know him, love him and serve
him according to your laws of justice and following your divine will -- Maria Montessori

POEM

East or West
Our teacher is the best
She is our best guide
She helps us to decide
She tells us the right path
When we are in trouble
She is a book of wisdom
Which gives us knowledge
Shes a burning candle
Which gives us light
 All in all
Shes the best of all

Definitions

A Teacher is the image of Brahma -- Manu

The teacher is a Brahma, the creator, he is God Vishnu, he is God Maheshwar. He is entire universe,
salutations to him. -- Indian Prayer

The true teacher is he who can immediately come down to the level of the student, transfer his soul to the
students soul and see through and understand through his mind. Such a teacher can really teach and none
else -- Swami Vivekanand

The teachers place in society is of vital importance. He acts as the pivot for the transmission of
intellectual traditions and technical skills from generation to generation and helps to keep the lamp of
civilization burning -- Dr. S. Radhakrishnan

A teacher can never truly teach unless he is still learning himself. A lamp can never light another lamp
unless it continues to burn its own flame. The teacher who has come to the end of his subject, who has no
living trafic with his knowledge, but merely repeats his lessons to his students can only load their minds. He
can not quicken them -- Tagore

Every teacher and educationist of experience knows that even the best curriculum and the most perfect
syllabus remains dead unless quickened in to life by the right method of teaching and the right kind of
teachers. -- Secondary Education Commission

The Teacher is the real maker of history. -- H.G. Wells

The teacher is the maker of man. -- Sir John Adams

You need to work for :

Excellence coupled with equity and social justice.

You need to achieve the objective of excellence coupled with equity and social justice by way of imparting
quality education to all students without any discrimination between cast, creed, sex, religion and race so that
they become physically fit, mentally alert, emotionally balanced and spiritually sound. Teachers are
required to understand the need of every child for material education, education for becoming good human
being and for divine education so that they can face the realities of life in the new millennium.

National Integration

Today, promotion of patriotism and education for national integration has become the need of the hour. Our
foremost duty is to provide education in such a way so that the students can live and learn together and develop
their full potentials.
 International Understanding

We need to apprise the students that India needs a new race of man, a just world, a united world and a peaceful
world. The present circumstances at international level compell us for proper international understanding by
fostering the principle of Live & Let Live.

Good quality modern education.

Teachers need to work for good quality education to transform the students into self reliance and self assured
citizen of the world. This can be achieved by successful curriculum transaction with modern mathetics and
educational technology together with strong component of culture, inculcation of values, awareness of the
environment, adventure activities and physical education.

Reasonable level of competence in three languages

Knowledge and skill in languages fosters intelligence in the learners. As such, we should make an effort to
attain a reasonable level of competence in minimum three languages as envisaged in the Three Language
Formula.

Vidyalaya as a focal point for improvement in quality of school education.

Every teacher should strive with heart and soul to raise children upto highest perfections of mankind to
such a degree so that every one of them will be trained in the use of mind in acquiring knowledge, in
humility and lowliness, in dignity and in ardour and love.

The Paradoxical Commandments :

1) People are logical, unreasonable and self centered. Love them any way.

2) If you do good, people will accuse you of selfish ulterior motives. Do good any way.

3) If you are successful, you will win false friends and true enemies. Succeed anyway.

4) The good you do today will be forgotten tomorrow. Do good anyway.

5) Honesty and frankness make you vulnerable. Be honest and frank anyway.

6) The biggest men and women with the biggest ideas can be shot down by the smallest men and women
with the smallest minds. Think big anyway.

7) People favor underdogs but follow only top dogs. Fight for a few underdogs always.

8) What you spend years building may be destroyed overnight. Build anyway.

9) People really need help but may attack you if you do. Help then. Help people anyway.

10) Give the world the best you have or youll get kicked in the teeth. Give the world the best you
have anyway.
Essential Qualities of a Teacher

1) Teacher as a Role Model :

Role Models are people who set good examples by the words they speak and by the actions they take.
Role Models can be the people you know personally or people you have learned about in the news at
school or on television.

Students tend to copy the behaviour and mannerism of the teachers. The teachers entire personality
is a reflection on the minds of the students. If the teacher is honest, leads a balanced and disciplined
life, the children adopt these virtues as a ideal conduct unconsciously. The ideal teacher s one who
through his thoughts, words and deeds, gives and an impression of an honest upright life which can
serve as a model for the students to copy, follow and emulate.

2) Teachers Character

A flower in bloom is loved by all and in this lies its glory. Similarly, man may be viewed as having
achieved everything in life when he becomes perfect in character. If the best flowers among mankind
take to teaching, society is abundantly enriched, their fragrance and beauty are then made the best use
of. If the teacher becomes an embodiment of right conduct in thought, word and deed, the students by
their association will learn virtue and develop manly qualities. They can be humanized and can live
and act like normal human beings. They can become thoughtful, concerned and courageous.

3) Teachers Personality

Every teacher must have a good personality. Radiant, pleasing and impressive personal appearance,
refinement, pleasant manners, industry, enthusiasm, drive, initiative, open mindedness etc., are some of
the essential traits of an ideal teacher. External appearance has a psychological effect upon the
students. By attractive appearance, he/she can win the love and affection of his students and can
command respect. He/she should be frank, tolerant, kind, fair and straight-forward so that he/she can
stimulate learning.

3.1 Personality Traits

 Self confidence and self respect
Excellent Appearance
Healthy and Energetic
Good Intellect
High character
Sense of Humour
Optimistic
Democratic
Fair and Just
Sympathy and Empathy
Punctuality
Enthusiasm
Industriousness
Sociability

3.2 Personal Values

Love Non Violence

Dialogue Dutifulness

Brotherhood Patience

Forgiveness Courtesy

Repentance Thrift

Sharing Magnanimity

Service Sports manliness

Team Spirit Loyalty

 Responsibility Gratitude

Accountability Tolerance

Sympathy Freedom

Justice Determination

Hospitality Coordination

4) Teachers Mental Health

We speak of education as a lamp lighting another lamp, one life making another life and a spirit
speaking to another spirit. We can achieve this objective, if the teachers have good mental health.
Students develop interest in those subjects, which are taught by pleasing and genial teachers. The
teacher makes the emotional atmosphere in the classroom. A neurotic teacher may spread fear,
nervousness and worry in the classroom. A fanatic-teacher may spread hatred, prejudice and hostile
feelings among the students. If he has a good mental health, he can create love, interest and
enthusiasm for learning and a taste in the subject he teaches.

5) Teachers Physical Health

A teacher should possess a sound body alongwith a sound mind. He should have a sound physical
health, physical energy, vitality and he should be free from physical defects. This will make him alert,
cheerful, happy, dynamic and enthusiastic. He can maintain emotional stability.

6) Teachers Social Adjustment

Sociability is another important quality of a teacher. He should have a sound social philosophy and he
should make his best contribution to the society. He should know how to adjust himself to the social
surroundings in which he lives. He should not be quiet, retreating and introverted. He should be
free from worry, anxiety and thinking and feeling about himself. He should mix well in society to
have a large body of friends and to take a helpful interest in his neighbours. Normal social life outside
the school will go a long way to give him happy social adjustments.

Social Values

Discipline Punctuality
Respect for elders Ambition
 Faithfulness Confidence
Responsibility Cleanliness
Dedication Good Manners
Devotion Creativity
Sense of Competition Patience
Knowledge Positive Approach
Fortitude Innovative
Self Reliance Courage
Sincerity Intelligence
Affection Truthfulness
Obedience Regularity
Patriotism Self Evaluation
Honesty Hopefulness

7) Teachers Professional Efficiency

The teacher must possess a strong sense of vocation and true devotion towards teaching. He should
have a genuine love for his calling. For his professional efficiency, he should have knowledge of
psychology, educational philosophy, aims, contents, methods and materials of instruction, skill and
interest in teaching. He must possess a fair knowledge of current affairs about his own country and
other countries of the world.

8) Teachers Academic Achievements

A teacher should possess knowledge of the fundamentals of the subjects he teaches. He should have a
sound academic and cultural background.

10) Teachers Professional Training

The teacher must have the required professional training; without which he will commit serious
pedagogical blunders. Prof. Monteque in his book, Education and Human Relations. Asserts that,
No one should ever be permitted to become a teacher of the young unless by temperament, attitudes
and training, he is fitted to do so.

11) Teachers Accountability

Lessinger advocates that each child has a right to be educated in order to become a productive citizen of
a country. The parents and the citizen have a right to know the progress of education of their
children. Teachers, being the educational or human engineers are accountable for the progress of
the children they teach. Because of this, the National Policy on Education 1986, in India, has made
this concept very popular.

Mass education in India appears to be in a degrading condition. Education imparted by some teachers
is far from satisfactory. Majority of the students lack fundamental knowledge in different areas of
education. Such teachers do not feel it to be their responsibility. They are involved in private tuition
and coaching centres to get some remuneration. Many parents cannot educate their children in costly
public schools. Commitment on the part of the teachers have been reduced to a great extent.
Therefore, there is a need to make the teachers aware of their accountability to their profession.

Since a teachers accountability is very important in modern teaching-learning process, the

accountability of the teachers should be evaluated at frequent intervals. There must be proper
supervision of their work. The supervisor should see how far the teachers are accountable in respect
of teaching, research, co-curricular activities, use of aids and equipments in the classroom, utilization of
local resources for the benefit of the students and development of students moral and ethical values.
Thus, the degrading condition of education in our country can be checked.

Professional Ethics of Teachers

Teachers who consider their job as a profession, work only for pay cheque. Their work is considered
useful for their own sake. Since perchance they have occupied a professional chair they try for their
own good, at the cost of others. But our cultural heritage proves that true teachers are those who
consider their job as honourable . Such teachers work with a sense of self-fulfilment and self-
realization. Prof. George Herbet Palmer once rightly said, If Harvard does not pay me to teach, I
would gladly pay Harvard for the privilege of teaching. This should be the professional value of an
Indian teacher. An ideal teacher should not work with pecuniary motives, but with a sense of
education and for the cause of education.

Towards Students

It shall be our primary duty to understand them, to be just, courteous, to promote a spirit of enquiry,
fellowship and joy in them, not to do or say anything that would undermine their personality, not to
exploit them for personal interests and to set before them a high standard of character, discipline and
personality.
Towards Profession

It shall be our primary duty to be sincere and honest to our work and to go thoroughly prepared to the
class, to endeavour to maintain our efficiency by study and other means; not to do or say anything which
may lower our prestige in the eyes of our students; not to write or encourage the use of help books; not
to exert any pressure upon our students or their parents to engage private tuition, not to act as an agent or
accept commission and other compensation for recommending books.

Towards Society

It shall be our primary duty to set an example in citizenship, to endeavour to promote the public good, to
uphold the dignity of our calling on all occasions, to size up the demands and aspirations of the society,
to be dynamic leaders when required and to be ideal followers when desired.

Teachers Union

Teachers union can also play a very significant role in creating an atmosphere in which shirkers and
other people with doubtful intentions may not find a congenial environment. Unions should create a
public opinion which should serve as an adequate sanction against such unsocial acts. Now,
teachers unions are merely used as a forum for ventilating their grievances and otherwise trying to
promote service conditions. In addition, these unions should also take steps which may help the
teachers in projecting their proper image among the people.

Duties
Safety and Security of Students
Tell students about purpose of education in the Schools.
Build one to one relationship with students
Take-up Personality Development Programmes.
Know everything about your students
Make students aware of realities of life
Inspire students to face problems with braveness
Apprise students about probable dangers and hazards in and around school campus
Provide your students psychological therapy

Teaching

Planning
 Preparation
Presentation
Evaluation
Giving feedbacks
Diagnosis
Remediation
Enrichment
Promotion of Creative Teaching :
Planning
Testing
Revising
Innovation in Education
Teaching as a Pleasurable Activity :
Lecturing
Working with small groups
Designing Instructional Units
Love for subject matter
Organizing students

All such activities can provide deepest satisfaction in and from the act of applying their craft.

Teaching as Social Service

It is like a nursing
It contributes to the lives of others
Decision to teach is deeper than a love for subject matter.
People have attraction to the life of teacher

Teachers Diary

Teachers Diary is a sort of record of his day-to-day activities. It may show him what he has done,
what he is doing and what he plans to do in the future. No elaborate lesson plans are to be written in
the diary, abstracts and brief outlines are sufficient. In the beginning of a year, the teacher may draw
the blueprints of his early work. Schedules of the syllabus to be covered term-wise and month-wise
etc. may be prepared in each subject he has to teach.

Blueprint of yearly work

Schedule of syllabus
Abstracts and outlines of the lesion
Weekly programmes
 Academic Records
Records of Unit Tests
List of students who need special care
Records of day-to-day activities

Besides the above, the Teachers Diary should consist of :

Weekly programmes as shown in the school time table.

Other extra mural duties assigned to the teacher.
Brief record what he has done from time to time.
Entry of home work assigned to students
Names of students he teaches class-wise
Academic records of students
Peculiarities of class or of individual students
Remarks about daily or weekly work
Records of class tests

The teachers diary is his helpful guide. It will enable him to keep a personal contact with his work,
maintaining an active interest in his activities and remind him of his shortcomings, draw-backs, etc. The
worth of a diary lies in the regularity with which it is filled and the use to which it is put and also the inspiration
which it may give to the teacher to be on his track and to miss his aim and scheduled targets.

The headmaster should occasionally check the diaries and give useful comments orally, if he feels the
need. His matured experience will go a long way in making the Teachers Diary really worthwhile
documents. Printed blank diaries are available but it matters little if the teacher is serious in his work

School Activities
Curricular
Co-Curricular

Extra Curricular
a. Personal Guidance
b. Career Counselling
c. Community Service

Conduct of School Activities :

Planning
Organizing
Guiding
Supervising
Evaluating
Mess Duties
Upkeeping of Dining Hall/Kitchen and Store
Health and Hygiene of Mess
Washing and placement of utensils
Procurement of ration
Preparation and cooking of food
Seating arrangement/servicing of food
Discipline in Dining Hall
Arrangement of light music
Recycling of waste food

Other Duties
Recording
Reporting
Building Relations
As assigned from time to time