TAMIL INFLUENCES

in
MALAYSIA,
INDONESIA
and
PHILIPPINES
The Kshatriya or
Aristocrat
R.C. MajumdarTheory
proposed in his book Ancient Indian
Colonies in the Far East (1944)
following finding by the Archaeologist
of ancient Indian inscriptions and
religious icons in the said regions.
The kings of the latter region had
adopted Sanskrit names such as Sri
Vijaya, Majapahit.etc.
COEDES
The Indianized countries of Southeast
Asia were never political dependencies
of India but rather cultural colonies
The Brahmin or Sacerdote
Theory
COEDES
the first historian to synthesize the
history of Indianized state of
Southeast Asia.

SANSKRIT
a scholarly language that served and
still serves to enrich the vocabulary
of the native languages with a
considerable number of words.
BRAHMIN THEORY
supports the evidence at hand that is to
account for the Sanskrit language
influence as well as the names and tittles
of the kings of Southeast Asia.

INDIANIZATION
expansion of an organized culture that was
founded upon the Indian Conception of
royalty, was characterized by Hinduist or
Buddhist Cults.
synonymous with Brahmanization.
HISTOIRE ANCIENNE DES ETATS
HINDOUISES DEXTREME-ORIENT
a book where comprises all his
findings regarding the history of the
Indianized part of Southeast Asia.
Ancient history of the Hinduized
states of the extreme-orient.

BUDDHISM
a culture rival to Brahmanism.
SACERDOTES
the spiritual leaders of the Hindu
Settlers and could have served as
counsels to the few kings that followed
Hinduism.

INDIA
this word is the Greek and Latin
adaptations of the Persian word Hindu-
At first, even the British use the word
Gentoo for the adherents of the Hindu
religion.
COEDES
did not take any other aspects of
culture or way of life into
consideration in order to find the
history relationship between the
Indian and Indianized Southeast Asia.
was not an ethnologists or a cultural
anthropologists.
BRAHMINS
have been given exaggerated credit
by Coedes.
 The Vaisya Or
Traders/Proletariat Theory
NILAKANTA SASTRI
a Brahmin historian from Madras,
South India.
R.C. MAJUMDAR
a Brahmin historian from Calcutta,
Bengal, Eastern India.
COEDES
said that Madras claims for Tamils and
Bengal claims for Bengalis.
never anti Tamils.
TAMIL NADU
deserves the greatest credit for the
spread at Indian elements through
peaceful settlements.
L . WILLIAMS & M . OSBORNE
have suggested that the importation of
Indic culture was not solely or indeed
primarily the task of the Brahmans and
monks & that merchants could have very
well been the camers of a greater
civilization.
TAMIL INSCRIPTION
emanating from South India have been
found in Southeast Asia.
 2 Question/Problems
Against the Traders
Theory:
1. Regarding sanskrit words found in the
local language of Southeast Asia.
2. Regarding the existence of Indianized
communities that live in the
mountainous or interior areas.
- communities carrying Dravidian clan
names: Chera, Chola, Pandiya,
Malayala and Pallarya.
R .Hein Gelderns reminders
should be kept in mind when
accounting for the Indianization of
Indonesia.
 Study of Inscriptions
TAMIL INSCRIPTION
relate to the Tamil-Southeast Asian
cultural contacts during historic times.
3 Inscriptions in the Malayan peninsula:
in Takuapa, in Tambralinga and in Ligor
1 inscription in Sumatra, in Labu Tawa
1 inscription in Bale
1 inscription in Burma, in Pagan
2 inscription in Tanjore
INDIANIZED STATE OF SOUTHEAST
ASIA
mentions only about the Takuapa, Ligor
and Sumatra inscription.
JUAN FRANCISCO
Filipino Indologist, has been very critical
of the possibility of historical Tamil
influences in Southeast Asia.
Philippines and India
the early historians who recognized
Tamils efforts in spreading their culture.
 Inscription of Malay
Peninsula
MALAY PENINSULA
the only document that can be
attributed of the first half of the
ninth century was found at Takuapa.
AVANI-NARANAM
dug by nangur-udaiyan.
names of individual who possessed
a military fief at Nangur and who
was famous for his abilities as a
warrior.
MANIKKIRAMAM
a merchant guild.
AVONI-NARAYANA - surname of the
pallaba king Nandivarman III.
MAJAPISIDESA- a bronze image of ganesa
bearing a Tamil inscription .
LIGOR another Tamil inscription dated last
quarter of the 9th century A.D.
DITARMASENAPATHY according to the
order, the record is one of some charity in
favor of Brahmins.
INSCRIPTION FOUND IN SUMATRA
- dated in the month Masi of the saka year
1010.
- engraved on a stone found at Laboe to
wewa, Baros Sumatra and it records a gift
by a body of person who style themselves
the one thousand-five hundred.
INSCRIPTION of BURMA
this relates to the settlement of
vaishnava soldiers from South India.
INSCRIPTION of BALI
its mention the sivan temple that
have been erected in that place.
the village organization in Bale
remains one of the Pallaba-Chola
village organization.
INSCRIPTION of TANJORE
dated 1030 A.D is about the victory of
Rajedra CholanI over the Southern
countries.
 State Literatures of
Thailand
TAMIL the official language of the Court
Brahmins in Thailand.
RAMESWARAM Southern part of the
Tamil country.
SANSKRIT INSCRIPTION FOUND IN
MALAYA and INDONESIA PALLABA
GRANTHA letters and ASOKA PALI
language also Sanskrit inscription than
by the Tamils themselves.
JEAN FILLIOZAT: If Tamilians have very
often written their inscription in Sanskrit
and not Tamil, it is because Sanskrit,
before Persian and english , was
commonly used as a link language
H.B Sarkar(1971)
points out that the Pallava-Grantha
script was a development of a part of
the Tamil country which was ruled by
the Pallvas.
PRAKRIT
the court language of South India
until the 4th century A.D.
PALLAVA-GRANTHA SCRIPT
was a linguistic result of the political
conglomeration of the Northern part
of Tamil country and Southern parts
of Kamataka and Andhra.
Inscription Found in
Funan/Cambodia
FUNAN
not part of Malaya and Indonesia.
JEAN FILLIOZAT
explains that the said hero is a Tamil
king of the Pandayan Empire.
INSCRIPTION FOUND IN LIGOR
refers to the trade relationship
between the Tamil country in Malaya.
INSCRIPTION FOUND IN KEDAH
left by kulothunka CholanI.
shows the commercial contacts the
Chola Empire had with Malaya.
 Inscription Found in
Borneo
KUNDUNGAN
a Tamil name, hence it is supposed
that his princely family migrated
from Tamil Nadu and established
kingdom in the bland in Borneo.
TAMIL INSCRIPTION
at least 4 centuries posterior to the
Sanskrit inscription.
found dates to the early 9th century
A.D
SANSKRIT INSCRIPTION
found (in Malaya and Indonesia) is
dated to the 5th century A.D