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1
 Nowadays, we are all aware of the fact that we (1) be eating a healthy diet.
We get a advice from (2) ; TV, radio, magazines, book, videos and the Internet as well(3)
friends, colleagues and family. Well, if you find all this advice a little confusing, then there is
now much simpler solution, dieting by colour. The Colour Diet is (4) on the theory that
the natural colour of food reflects (5) nutritional content. For example green foods (6)
as broccoli, spinach and lettuce (7) high levels of beta-carotene and
glucose. These help reduce the rick of cancer, are a good source of iron and act as powerful
antioxidants, while yellow foods like bananas, corn and lemons have potassium and vitamin
C which can reduce the pain of arthritis, reduce stress and be good source (8) energy.
The principles of the colour diet are very easy to follow. Make sure that each meal contains a
(9) of colour, and you will be eating a balanced, healthy diet. But remember, the
colours have to be natural. Eating a packet of Smarties a day will not give you anything (10)
toothache.
1. A. will B. need C. ought D. should
2. A. anywhere B. somewhere C. everywhere D. elsewhere
3. A. as B. by C. from D. to
4. A. fixed B. based C. written D. formed
5. A. its B. his C. her D. their
6. A. like B. such C. similar D. including
7. A. add B. own C. need D. contain
8. A. in B. to C. of D. for
9. A. variety B. minimum C. blend D. pattern
10. A. from B. but C. apart D. except
2
On December 4 1872, Captain David Morehouse spotted another ship. It was sailing
without direction,(1) he approached it in(2) to offer help.(3) , when he
reached the ship he founded that it (40) been abandoned.(5) everything
was soaked with seawater, Captain Morehouse managed to sail it to Gibraltar. The name of
the ship was Mary Celeste and what happened to the crew remains a mystery. The ships
cargo consisted of industrial alcohol and, according to one theory, this (6) have started to
leak. (7)
that the ship was about to go up in flames, the captain(8) have ordered everyone
into lifeboat,(9) then became separated from the ship. However, it is unlikely that we
will ever find(10) the truth.
 1. A. so B. since C. but D. because
2. A. purpose B. intention C. order D.aim
3. A. Therefore B. However C. Next D. As a result
4. A. has B. was C. were D. had
5. A. Despite B. However C. Although D. Because
6. A. an B. may C. cant D. will
7. A. Believed B. Believe C. Believing D. Belief
8. A. might B. can C. out D. should
9. A. that B. which C. who D. where
10. A. off B. on C. in D. out
3. BETTE NESMITH GRAHAM A WOMEN IN BUSINESS
Bette Nesmith Graham had always wanted to be an artist, but in the 1940s, she was
a(1) mother with a child to (2) . She learned typing and found work as a secretary. She
was an efficient employee who was (3) of her work and tried to find a better
way to correct typing. She remembered that artists painted over their mistakes, so why not
typists?
With this ideal in (4) , Graham put paint, the same colour as the office stationery,
into a bottle and took her brush to work. She used this to correct her typing mistakes and
her boss never (5) . Soon everyone in the office was using it.
In 1956, Graham started the Mistakes Out Company from her home. Her kitchen
stationery (6) a laboratory in which she mixed up an improved product (7) her
food mixer. Although she worked (8) hours, she made little money. Then, one day she
made a mistake at worked that couldnt correct, and her boss sacked her. She now had the
time to (9) to selling Liquid Paper, and the business boomed. By 1967, it was a
million-dollar (10) .
1. A. single B. lonely C. alone D. solitary
2. A. carry B. support C. provide D. maintain
3. A. pleased B. arrogant C. boastful D. proud
4. A. heart B. mind C. head D. thought
5. A. found B. understood C. realised D. recognised
6. A. became B. converted C. turned D. developed
7. A. into B. by C. with D. through
8. A. large B. long C. great D. slow
9. A. pass B. spend C. invest D. devote
10. A. work B. production C. business D. trade
4 THE CHOCOLATE FACTORY
Would you like a job where you eat chocolate (1) day? Well, such a job
does exist! Did you know that most chocolate factories (2) chocolate tasters? Their
job is to taste the chocolate while it is being (3) and say if it is too sweet or too bitter.
You have to very good at tasting different (4) and you have to comment on(5)
the chocolate feels as well. Is it smooth or crunchy? Unfortunately, you cant just go
along and say you like chocolate that, Im afraid, is not enough! Most chocolate tasters have
a degree (6) food technology and will not be able to work (7) you have had lots
of training. Then you have to go through several (8) before you can be selected. If you
think you would be good at chocolate tasting then try to develop your taste buds by tasting
different chocolate (9) blindfold. See if you can tell what types of chocolate is it. If
you get a job like this, you will not be well-paid but most tasters enjoy their job so much that
(10) is not very important.
1. A. whole B. all C. entire D. each
2. A. employ B. use C. utilize D. rent
3. A. carried out B. done C. made D. fabricated
4. A. scents B. odours C. smells D. flavours
5. A. what B. why C. how D. if
6. A. of B. about C. on D. in
7. A. when B. until C. although D. after
8. A. experiments B. trials C. tests D. exams
9. A. bars B. sticks C. rods D. pieces
10. A. income B. payment C. wage D. pay
5 GREENPEACE

Greenpeace is an independent organisation that campaigns to protect the environment.

It has approximately 4.5 million members worldwide in 158 countries, 300.000 of these in
United Kingdom. (1) in North America in 1971, it has since opened officer round the world.
As (2) as its campaigning (3) , it also has a charitable trust which (4) scientific
research and (5) educational projects on environmental issues. Greenpeace (6)
 in non-violent direct action. Activities (7) public attention to serious threats to the
environment. (8) issues on which organisation is campaigning include the atmosphere
(global warming); the (9) of the rainforests and toxic (10) being emitted
from factories.
1. A. Built B. Produced C. Invented D. Formed
2. A. long B. well C. good D. far
3. A. work B. job C. occupation D. position
4. A. pays B. funds C. rewards D. earns
5. A. undertakes B. engages C. commits D. enters
6. A. accepts B. believes C. holds D. depends
7. A. get B. pay C. draw D. take
8. A. Current B. Recent C. Immediate D. Next
9. A. ruin B. extinction C. destruction D. downfall
10. A. leftovers B. litter C. rubbish D. waste
6

Can you imagine working on a writing project for seventeen years? J.K. Rowling first
(1) up with the idea of Harry Potter in 1990 but it was not until 2007 that she
finally completed the last book in the series. In1990, of course, she had no idea how much
Harry would take (2) her life, or that she would end (3) as a
multimillionaire. But (4) then, the books have been translated into over 60
languages and also been made into films, each of which has been a(5) with
cinema audiences. It is not just J.K.Rowlings life which has been transformed. The same can
be said of Daniel Radcliffe, the teenage actor who(6) Harry Potter. Although he
made his acting(7) in 1999, it was in the role of Harry Potter that he found his route to(8)
. The final film is expected to come out in 2010. By then Daniel will (9)
been acting in this role for ten years. And after seventeen years, has Rowling now(10)
out of ideas? It seems not. She is currently writing two new books, one for adults and
one for a children, and is also planning to compile an encyclopedia of the Harry Potter world.

7. A. debate B. debut C. debris D. debit

1.
8. A.
A. came
stardom B.
B. went
stardust C. starburst
C. took D. starlight
D. brought
2.
9. A.
A. out
has B
B..up
be C. have
C. over D. was
D. off
3.
10. A. taken
A. in B. come
B. up C. gone
C. down D. run
D. out
4.
7 A. after B.
THEuntil C. for
PRICE OF FAME D. since
5. A. blow B. knock C. hit D. smash
6. A. plays B. performs C. shows D. makes
 Charlotte Church looks like a normal teenager, but she is far from average. She has an
amazing voice. Her fans stand in (1) for hours to get tickets for her concerts, and she is often
on television. Charlottes singing(2) began when she performed on TV show at the
age of 11. The heat of a record company was so impressed by her voice that he (3)her up on
the spot. Her first album rose to number one in the charts.
Charlotte still attends school in her home town when she can. (4) , she often
away on tour for weeks at a time. She doesnt miss out on lessons, though, because she takes
her own tutor with her! She (5) three hours every morning with him. Her exams
results in all the(6) she studies are impressive.
But how does she(7) with this unusual way of life? She (8) that
she has the same friends as before. That may be true, but she can no longer go into town with
then because everybody stops her in the street to ask for her(9) . It seems that, like most
stars, she must learn to 10) these restrictions and the lack of privacy. Its the price
of fame.
1. A. rows B. files C. ranks D. queues
2. A. profession B. job C. career D. labour
3. A. wrote B. signed C. made D. picked
4. A. However B. While C. For D. Although
5. A. takes B. spends C. utileses D. uses
6. A. titles B. materials C. lessons D. subjects
7. A. couple B. adjust C. bear D. tolerate
8. A. denies B. refuses C. insists D. complains
9. A. signature B. autograph C. sign D. writing
10. A. look down on B. made do with C. run out of D. put up with
8 REGRETS

Most of us are always forgetting important dates,(1) from the lucky few who
are blessed with a good memory of the (2) to organize themselves so they dont
forget important obligations. How many time have we all said I wish I has remembered! .
 How often have we (3) people by failing to remember their birthdays or
name days?
Although they sad it doesnt matter, we know, deep down, that we have hurt their (4)
. We can always try to make it (5) to them next time but unfortunately the(6)
has been done and our relationship with that person can never quite be the same

again.
On the other (7) , we sometimes do too much for someone else because we want
to please them and then feel we have damaged our own interests in(8) doing. When
friends are involved we may find it difficult to say no when they ask us to(9)
them a favour, but true friendship should mean that we can say no without risk(10) the
relationship.
1. A. off B. except C. away D. apart
2. A. capacity B. ability C. proficiency D. aptitude
3. A. wounded B. hurt C. injured D. offended
4. A. souls B. sentiments C. feelings D. emotions
5. A. back B. up C. for D. again
6. A. damage B. injuries C. detriments D. losses
7. A. approach B. way C. methods D. hand
8. A. so B. such C. thus D. that
9. A. fetch B. make C. do D. bring
10. A. for B. to C. towards D. with

9 AIRPORT ROBBER GETS 20 YEARS

The leader of a gang of thieves who stole 5 million from a Belgian airport was
yesterday (1) to 20 years in prison. The High Court in Brussels heart that Ricky
Cools, aged 35, had remained in the country after the robbery had taken (2) because of
his (3) of flying. The court was told that the gang had (4) themselves as
security guards in order to gain access to the airport and (5) the crime. Once inside the
restricted area, they had (6) a security vehicle, firing several warning (7) from their
automatic weapons. They then (8) the cash and ran to waiting light aircraft, which
immediately left the country. Cools, however, preferred to walk through the airport terminal
 to the railway station. He was later (9) on a train bound for Amsterdam, after he was
recognised by police (10) closed circuit television at the station.

1. A. convicted B. sentenced C. assigned D. persecuted

2. A. part B. notice C. place D. off
3. A. fright B. fear C. worry D. concern
4. A. wrapped B. served C. uncovered D. disguised
5. A. commit B. make C. stalk D. attend
6. A. blackmailed B. attacked C. burgled D. smuggled
7. A. shots B. bangs C. crashes D. blasts
8. A. planted B. enveloped C. seized D. overtook
9. A. hijacked B. prosecuted C. suspended D. detained
10. A. looking B. seeing C. watching D. viewing

10 HAIR-RAISING FACTS

Panic is rising (1) hair stylists in Denmark. Some of those who often colour, perm
of highlight hair 125 stylists in all are complaining (2) symptoms which may indicate
brain damage. Authorities have been forced to investigate, and it appears that many stylists
are (3) from memory loss, nausea and frequent headaches. The reason is that the
chemicals (4) produce harmful fumes. The hairdressers unions are funding
investigations into the problem. However, scientists are (5) because the quantity of
chemicals used is not enough to be harmful. Many stylists are now worried, so Denmark has
(6) strict regulations. Manufacturers must now list all the chemicals contained in the
products. (7) ventilation must be provided in hairdressing salons and clients will wear a
special perm-helmet, (8) the fumes away from the stylist. All of Europe will have to (9)
these new regulations. At the moment, everything is still at the committee
stage, but soon the revolutionary perm-helmet will be worn in all salons. Final decisions will
be (10) when hairdressers unionsmeets in Brussels to discuss the problem.
1.
8. A.
A. in
directing B.
B. among
leading C.
C. between
turning D.
D. at
guiding
2.
9. A.
A. from
apply to B.
B. about
follow C.
C. of
comply with D.
D. because
fulfil
3.
10. A.
A. experiencing
introduced B.
B. suffering
done C.
C. impaired
given D.
D. injured
made
4. A. operated B. consumed C. used D. exploited
5. A. sceptical B .thoughtful C. doubtful D. scornful
11 ADVENTURES IN THE FILM WORLD
6. A. initiated B. launched C. passed D. introduced
7. A. Abundant B .Ample C. Surplus D. Penty
 The latest blockbuster to hit our cinemas is an adventure film which was made (1)
location in Spain. The (2) is quite simple; a teenager discover (3) secret
papers which show that the President its in danger. Then she disappears!
We interviewed the actress who (4) the part of the teenager in the film, Juliet
Roberts. It (5) thing did not always go well during the production. First, Juliet nearly
missed being in the film. Apparently, a copy of the (6) , which the producer had sent her
to read, got lost in the post. Then, in the middle of filming, part of the background (7) fell
on a member of the camera (8) . Luckily, the man was not seriously hurt but they had
to (9) another cameraman to take his place at short notice. Something even worse
happened a few days later when the director slipper and broke his leg. It (10) him quite a
long time to recover from the shock and he to direct the final scenes of the film from his
wheelchair.
1. A. on B. in C. at D. to
2. A. drama B. intrigue C. plot D. line
3. A. any B. the C. few D. some
4. A. does B. plays C. makes D. holds
5. A. looks B. hells C. strikes D. seems
6. A. lines B. words C. script D. little
7. A. scenery B. setting C. scene D. view
8. A. party B. crew C. artists D. workers
9. A. rent B. buy C. hire D. purchase
10. A. needed B. took C. lasted D. used
12 JAMES DEAN
If you ask anyone to (1) a famous rebels, the chances are they will say James
Dean. But who was James Dean, and was he really as rebellious as we believe?
James Dean was born in 1931 in Indiana, USA. His father was a dental technician.
The family (2) to Los Angeles in 1936, but Dean returned to Indiana after his
mother died, where he was (3) by his uncle and aunt. Dean was a returning to
 hardworking student, and was not particularly rebellious at school. After returning to
California, Dean joined an acting workshop, and was given minor roles in films, on stage
and in TV commercials. In 1951 he went to New York to further his acting (4) . Deans
acting (5) was soon recognised, and he was asked to join the Actors Studio. As he wrote
in a letter to his family in 1952: it is the best thing that can (6) to an actor. Television
and theatre work followed, and Dean became highly (7) within the industry.
James Dean starred in only three films, and had only been world famous for just over
a year when he was killed in a car (8) in September 1955.
It was his death at such a young (9) , and the rebellious roles he played in
the films Rebel Without a Cause and East of Eden, rather than his off-screen (10)
,that have made him a legend. Like Marilyn Monroe, Elvis Presley and Frank Sinatra,
James Dean is an icon of the twentieth century.
1. A. name B. tell C. call D. repeat
2. A. located B. removed C. moved D. lived
3. A. grown up B. brought up C. taken over D. taken off
4. A. job B. work C. career D. employment
5. A. talent B. qualification C. knowledge D.recommendation
6. A. become B. take place C. occur D. happen
7. A. loved B. respected C. adored D. worshipped
8. A. accident B. misfortune C. disaster D. hit
9. A. era B. period C. time D. age
10. A. condition B .quality C.behaviour D. performance

11.

13 GENDER GAP IN EDUCATION

For many years now, British girls have performed much better in exam than boys.
Most theorist about the causes of this gap (1) the saxes have blamed the
education (2) . However, new research suggests that boys poor performance has nothing to
do (3) internal practices at schools. Instead, external factors, such as different leaning styles
and how are (4) up, have to be considered.
For this (5) , many educationalists are now studying how boys and girls learn to
read. They believe that, since reading is (6) taught either by mothers or by female
 primary school teachers, many boys(7) reading as womans activity and this puts
them(8) it.
Another factors could be that boys are generally more (9) than girls. When
they cant be the best, they would rather (10) up on education than be considered
average. Girls seem much happier to be second best.
1. A. between B. among C. beside D. beyond
2. A. method B. style C. technique D. system
3. A. by B. from C. with D. at
4. A. grown B. raised c. given D. brought
5. A. cause B. reason C. purpose D. objective
6. A. generally B. hardly C. rarely D. lately
7. A. look B. notice C. watch D. see
8. A. across B. on C. off D. through
9. A. determined B. competitive C. possessive D. optimistic
10. A. break B. take C. give D. turn

14
Face to-face conversation is a two-way process: you speak to me, I reply to you and
so on. Two-way (1) depends on having a coding system that is understood by both (2)
`and receiver, and an agreed convention about (3) the beginning and end of
the (4) . In speech, the coding system is a language like English or Spanish; the
convention that one person speaks at a time may seem too obvious to (5) . In fact,
the (6) that people use in conversations and meeting are often non-verbal. For
example, lowering the pitch of the voice may mean the end of a sentence: a sharp intake of
breath may signal the desire to (7) , catching the chairmans (8) may
indicate the desire to speak in a formal setting like a (9) , a clenched fist may indicate
anger. When these (10) _ signals are not possible, more formal signals may be needed.
1.
6. A.
A. exchange
signs B.
B. correspondance
signals C.
C. interchange
symptoms D.communication
D. symbols
2.
7. A.
A. transmitter
interrupt B.
B. sender
interchange C.
C. messenger
interfere D.
D. announcer
intercept
3.
8. A.
A. showing
elbow B.
B. symbolising
shoulder C.
C. signing
eye D.
D. signaling
hand
4.
9. A.
A. message
broadcast B.
B. theme
chat C.
C. topic
lecture D.
D. idea
debate
5.
10. A.
A. notice
sensory B.
B. recognise
visual C.
C. mention
verbal D.
D. judge
auditory
15 THE BBC ENGLISH DICTIONARY
 The BBC, in the form of the language-teaching arm of the World Service, and Harper
Collins have (1) forces to publish the BBC English Dictionary, A Dictionary for the
World. It is (2) at the 120 million listeners to the World Service who cannot find the
expression in (3) dictionaries. (4) _ on 70 million words broadcast at least
ten times a year on the World Service, the compliers, (5) by Prof. John Sinclair, have
included (6) expression and word usage, without judging whether they are being
used(7) . Elizabeth Smith, the BBCs Controller of English Service, said: Our
language is (8) on statements by real people, like politicians and (9) , which the
BBC has accurately recorded. As broadcasters, we try to use a few idioms and metaphors but
also to show that we (10) in the real world.

1. A. connected B. fixed C. attached D. joined

2. A. pointed B. directed C. aimed D. trained
3. A. functional B. traditional C. partial D. conventional
4. A. Drawing B. Trying C. Counting D. Bearing
5. A. chaired B. headed C. dictated D. treated
6. A. current B. recent C. nowadays D. late
7. A. sincerely B. truly C. correctly D. finely
8. A. based B. made C. formed D. designed
9. A. so many B. thus far C. as to D. so on
10. A. inhabit B. live C. stay D. reside

16 ADVERTISEMENTS
Perhaps the most creative use of language in newspapers is in the advertisements. The
writers have to catch and (1) the readers attention. They often (2) this with a
play on words. You read the words and understand them one way and the n suddenly you (3)
that another interpretation is possible. Through that ambiguity the advertisement has
caught your attention and the advertiser (4) youll buy the product.
 Under the picture of a new car are the words: Not another family saloon. The dual
interpretation of that phrase is dependent on how it is pronounced. Misread it by putting the
stress on the second word thereby projecting a message the advertiser would clearly not
want, and this (5) you look again and pay conscious attention to the alternative message.
Advertising copywriters frequently (6) use of idioms. One advertisement
showed girls wearing different coloured jeans, but none the traditional blue ones. Underneath
were the words: Jeanius is (7) ideas out of the blue. On one level that (8)
the jeans are not ordinary blue jeans but ones in a range of colours. But there is
also the suggestion that these new jeans are a sudden piece of inspiration, a stroke of
genius.
Out of the blue is an idiom which means quite unexpectedly and genius often (9)
getting a brilliant idea suddenly. Thats very clever, but its not quite the end of it,
because its not genius they are (10)
about, but jeanius. That is another play on words; the
product
1. they
A. hold
are selling, after B.
all,maintain
is a pair of jeans. C. remain D. pay
2. A. have B. make C. do D. succeed
3. A. aware B. realise C. indicate D. wonder
4. A. makes B. wishes C. sees D. hopes
5. A. tells B. makes C. causes D. forces
6. A. have B. do C. make D. get
7. A. having B. thinking C. making D. arriving
8. A. tells B. means C. seems D. pretends
9. A. compares B. is C. contains D. involves
10. A. talking B. saying C. telling D. meaning

17 LIGHTNING STRICKES
The man who holds the records for being struck by lightning the most times is ex-park
ranger Roy Sullivan. Mr Sullivan found lightning (1) to avoid: he was struck by it on
seven (2) occasions throughout his life, which were as(3) as 35 years apart.
The first incident in 1942 was the only one where he was not (4) injured he
only lost his big toenail. On all other occasions, he could (5) easily have lost his
life. In 1972 the human lightning conductor of Virginia, as he was known, had his hair (6)
 on fire but was lucky enough to survive, only to lose all his new hair in the same way a
year later. It is hard to believe that he never lost his enthusiasm for (7) _ hobbies and
pursuits but when lightning struck for a record seventh time in 1977 he was happily fishing,
completely (8) that he was about to enter The Guinness Book of Records. On this
occasion he came (9) to death because of severe chest and stomach burns. Roy
Sullivan died 1983 but was not killed by lightning. He was (10) upset after being
rejected in love and is said to have taken his own life.
1. A. difficult B. impractical C. necessary D. suitable
2. A. various B. single C. separate D .apart
3. A. wide B. long C. many D. far
4. A. very B. highly C. poorly D. seriously
5. A. quite B. far C. much D. well
6. A. lit B. put C. got D. set
7. A. outside B. outdoor C. outward D. outskirts
8. A. unknown B. unbelievable C. unaware D. unthinking
9. A. next B. close C. nearly D. almost
10. A. strongly B. hardly C. highly D. deeply

18 OWNING A PET
The joys and tribulations of being a pet owner! During our lifetime most us have some
experience of either owning a pet or being in (1) _ contact with someone who does.
Various (2) influence ones choice of pet, from your reasons for getting a pet to
your lifestyle. For example, although quite a few pets are relatively cheap to buy, the cost of
(3) can be considerable. Everything must be (4) into account, from food
and bedding, to vaccinations and veterinary bills. You must be prepared to (5) time on
your pet, which involves shopping for it, cleaning and feeding it. Pets can be demanding and
a big responsibility. Are you prepared to exercise and (6) an animal or do you prefer
a more independent pet? How much spare room do you have? Is it right to lock an energetic
animal into a (7) space? Do you live near a busy road which may threaten the life
of your pet? Pets (8) as turtles and goldfish can be cheap and convenient, but if you
prefer affectionate pets, a friendly cat or dog would be more (9) . People get pets for a
number of reasons, for company, security or to teach responsibility to children. Pets can be
affectionate and loyal and an excellent source of company as long as you know what pet
(10) you and your lifestyle.

1. A. near B. close C. narrow D. tight

2. A. factors B. elements C. facets D. points
3. A. raising B. maintenance C. upbringing D. upkeep
4. A. considering B. held C. taken D. kept
5. A. take B. waste C. occupy D. spend
6. A. household B. housekeep C. occupy D. spend
7. A. detained B. confined C. reduced D. closed
8. A. so B. for C. such D. much
9. A. appropriate B. suited C. likely D. good
10. A. fits B. matches C. goes with D. suits
19
Leisure is generally seen as an (1) which takes place outside (2)
hours. The peak leisure time for most people is between 6.00 pm and 12.00 am, although in
recent years there has been an increase in people working (3) hours and shifts,
together with more flexitime.
Leisure is often through of purely as a (4) activity. i.e. playing sport.
Although many people use their (5) time in this way, there are plenty of other
leisure opportunities that are more (6) in nature, such as watching television or
sunbathing on a beach.
It is important to realise that leisure can embrace a whole range of experiences and
activities, although personal choice may be limited due to factors such as age or provision
of local (7) .
The leisure emphasis will normally change at different (8) of ones life- cycle.
Different types of leisure activities tend to popular with varying are groups. Its probably
true, however, that some members of the older (9) are more capable of pursuing active
(10) than they are sometimes given credit for!

1. A. event B. incident C. affair D. experience

2. A. labour B. working C. employment D. job
3. A. unsocial B. unreasonable C. unsociable D. unsuitable
4. A. cultural B. physical C. social D. mental
5. A. rest B. unoccupied C. free D. empty
6. A. passive B. selective C. productive D. creative
7. A. conveniences B. capabilities C. capacities D. facilities
8. A. parts B. stages C. sections D. levels
9. A. period B.era C. age D. generation
10. A. entertainment B. occupations C. pastimes D. games
 20 A BLACK DAY FOR SPORT
Appeals were being made last night for Corsicans to come (1) and donate
blood following the collapse of the football stadium in Bastia. The tragedy (2) 26
fans dead; the number of injured has been put at 700. (3) to eyewitnesses, workers were
still tightening bolts on the temporary scaffolding only an hour and a half (4) the match
was (5) to begin, and as fans passed onto the stadium, the structure, which holds up
to 10000, swayed violently and (6) collapsed. Many of the (7) were given
emergency treatment on the pitch while more serious cases were (8) to hospitals on the
mainland. A spokesman from the firm responsible for the stands construction could only
(9) horrified disbelief. According to him, although some of the bars had collapsed, other
should have (10) the structure, thus preventing it from failing down.
1. A. across B. over C. forward D. up to
2. A. left B. did C. made D. remained
3. A. With a view B. As far as C. Referring D. According
4. A. until B. before C. since D. after
5. A. up B. about C. bound D. due
6. A. gradually B. actually C. eventually D. definitely
7. A. injured B. wounded C. damaged D. wrecked
8. A. delivered B. trafficked C. travelled D. transferred
9. A. speak B. express C. say D. tell
10. A. defended B. held C. supported D. carried

21 A FASHION OBSESSION
Where will the current obsession with designer (1) all end ? Over the last ten
years or so (2) names have become the (3) way to sell anything. Now
everybody seems to have become a fashion (4) so that people are constantly
commenting on the whether something (5) of fashion or not. People are prepared
to pay extraordinary prices, even for jeans and trainers, just because they are status (6) .
However you can get copies of top designs as these are starting to become available to the (7)
market. Now anybody can get the latest must (8) and the copies are so good that
their friends need not know that it cost so little. So my advice is to (9) out these
cheaper stores if you want to see what is coming (10) fashion next!
1.
3. A.
A. tokens
certain B.
B. badges
secure C. sure
C. labels D.
D. stamps
guaranteed
2. A. brand B. mark C. logo D. sign
 4. A. survivor B. victim C. casually D. criminal
5. A. on B. over C. off D. out
6. A. figure B. symbol C. logo D. image
7. A. crowd B. group C. common D. mass
8. A. buy B. take C. have D. get
9. A. check B. find C. figure D. work
10. A. inside B. along C. at D. into
22 ULTIMATE THEME PARK HOLIDAY
We offer an amazing theme park holiday the most (1) experience in
holidays. Our holidays (2) two weeks and during that time you will fly between
several (3) , visiting various famous theme parks for one day each. Our group come
from (4) over the world so you will travelling with new and interesting people. We
started our tour in LA, where over three days we visit Universal Studios where you can (5)
the effects of white water rafting. Then its (6) to Disneyland in LA to
meet some famous friends. On the last day we take a trip to the (7) Magic Mountain
theme park, where you can go on the most fantastic roller coaster (8) including a day at
Disneyworld and another at Cape Canaveral to see (10) Homer Simpson trained to
be an astronaut. This will be the end of to the tour you will be exhausted but happy. Five
days of theme parks! Can you image a better holiday?
1. A. unique B. sole C. single D. only
2. A. continue B. last C. carry on D. keep on
3. A. stations B. stops C. destinations D. landings
4. A. every B. all C. total D. whole
5. A. know B. have C. meet D. experience
6. A. off B. into C. ahead D. about
7. A. shabby B. quaint C. unspoilt D. breathtaking
8. A. rides B. journeys C. lifts D. trips
9. A. agenda B. itierary C. timetable D. calendar
10. A. where B. what C. how D .that

23 THE BEST PLANS

People always say that criminals plan the (1) of a sop or bark carefully but
they always forget one thing and that is the thing that allows them to be (2) . Take the
 example of this man in Scotland. He decided that the best time to steal from a store would be
just as it was (3) for the day. He worked out that this would be the best time since the
tills would be at their (4) and there would be no (5) around to get in his way or
stop him. Having carefully thought about this, he (6) into a big department store just
before it closed. He frightened the shop assistants and stole all the money from the cash (7)
nearest the door. He then raced back towards the automatic doors in order (8)
escape. However, he hadnt got his timing (9) _ right as the big glass doors had just been
locked. The man knocked himself (10) by running headfirst into them! The stores
security guard had to pick him up from the floor to arrest him.
1. A. robbery B. mugging C. stealing D. burglary
2. A. grasped B. picked C. taken D. caught
3. A. securing B. fastening C. shutting D. stopped
4. A. most B. fullest C. richest D. highest
5. A. visitors B. clients C. guests D. customers
6. A. chased B. quickened C. raced D. rolled
7. A. tills B. engines C. appliances D. devices
8. A. for B. to C. so D. that
9. A. quite B. very C. extremely D. so
10. A. away B. off C. up D. out

24 THE NEW MUSIC STORE

Now that we can all buy music over the internet and download tunes when we want,
you have to ask yourself what is the (1) of the city music store/ why would we go
shopping in a music store when we can get everything we need at home? Music stores
know this and have (2) account of the need for (3) . City music stores are now (4)
places and somewhere where you can listen to music played at full (5)
in a way that would irritate your neighbours! Also stores have managed to get (6)
artists and bands to come and (7) appearances at the store to sign CDs or posters
and meet their fans. The stores now (8) to teenagers as they ate becoming cool
places to hang out and meet their friends as well as (9) the music. Of course, the stores
cant charge for these activities but they hope that by getting people into the store, they will
buy their music the (10) way- and it seems to be working.
1.
3. A.
A. use
alteration B.
B. reason
change C.
C. point
revolution D.aim
D. renovation
2. A. put B. given C. held D. taken
 4. A. meeting B. assembly C. company D. crowd
5. A. speaker B. sound C. volume D. noise
6. A. single B. solo C. alone D. only
7. A. put up B. do C. make D. prepare
8. A. attract B. please C. engage D. appeal
9. A. scan B. browse C. wander D. survey
10. A. old fashion B. out of date C. old time D. out of styles
25 ARE YOU A SUPERCONNECTOR?
There is a new (1) of people identified by market researchers and these are
teenagers aged 13-18 who are active and use every (2) type of modern technology
to stay in touch with their friends. These people are called SuperConnectors. They use cell
phones, text messaging, the internet, e mail, instant messaging and internet (3)
engines to find information and connect with their friends. They use several things (4) once
so, for example, they may b4e sending texts and (5) the internet at the same time.
However, this is only for their friends. If they want to (6) with their family then they do
this in person. The activities they (7) in havent changed though. For example, students may
still be (8) notes in class but now they do it by sending texts to several people at the
same time! The need to (9) each other remains the same but technology has (10) them
to do much more of it.
1. A. group B. pack C. mix D. company
2. A. vacant B. ready C. available D. likely
3. A. search B. look C. seek D. discover
4. A. about B. for C. only D. at
5. A. playing B. surfing C. swimming D. waving
6. A. announce B. connect C. communicate D. declare
7. A. practise B. involve C. occupy D. engage
8. A. reaching B. handing C. passing D. conveying
9. A. contact B. join C. touch D. link
10. A. made B. allowed C. left D. granted

26 YOUR BEST FRIEND IN DISGUSE?

Do you (1) people on what they look like? I think we all (2) that we
shouldnt do this, although many of us still do. Some people are impressed bay clothes from
a
particular (3) ; others think that things such as someones hairstyle is critical to
their (4) of someone. But, if you sit and chat to people you can see that, whatever
they took (5) , that person may be really good (6) and could become a close
friend of yours if only they were given the (7) . The point, we should take
people as they are and not dismiss them just because they (8) differently from us. You
may ignore someone who could be your best friend just because they are (9) the
wrong jeans. We need to look past the clothes, the tattoos and the hairstyles and think about
personality no (10) .
1. A. decide B. rule C. consider D. judge
2. A. notice B. catch C. realise D. aware
3. A. seller B. designer C. cutter D. maker
4. A. view B. sights C. thought D. picture
5. A. alike B .as C. similar D. like
6. A. pleasure B. laugh C. fun D. sport
7. A. moment B. opportunity C. occasion D .hope
8. A. dress B. wear C. clothe D. look
9. A. fitting B .wearing C. matching D. carrying
10. A. figure B. form C. manner D. appearance

27 WOULD YOU LIKE TO BE 007

Most people imagine that the life of a spy is extremely glamorous. They go to watch
James Bond films and can see themselves travelling (1) the world, (2)
the planet from the bad guys. At the same (3) , Bond seems to live a life of luxury in
amazing locations, drives expensive cars and has the best of everything. Is it (4) like
this? We asked Mark Hughes, who was a spy for ten years, if a job as a spy is as easy as it
seems. No, its not, he said. Its very (5) work. You have to (6) a lot of
qualifications in the sciences and languages and then once you start you have to do several
specialist (7) courses. You always have to be physically (8) and you also have
to be quick-thinking and be prepared to (9) risks. But did he enjoy his job? Yes, its
fantastic and not as dangerous as it looks in James Bond movies. You hardly get any time
(10) but it is fun.
1. A. in B. about C. round D. through
2. A. saving B. recovering C. delivering D. preserving
3. A. moment B stage C. period D. time
4. A. certainly B. strict C. solid D. hard
5. A. strong B. clients C. guests D. customers
6. A. ear B. bring C. get D. hard
7. A. instruction B. education C. training D. coaching
8. A. fit B. healthy C. firm D. stable
9. A. do B. take C. have D. get
10. A. down B. aside C. over D. off
28 POLAR BEARS
Polar bears are the largest carnivores in the world that live on land. They are found in
the Arctic and their preferred (1) is on top of the arctic ice. Here they hunt seals for
food, (2) mate. Polar bears are very good swimmers; they paddle with their front
(3) , and hold their hind legs flat to help them change direction. Sadly, polar bears
are becoming seriously (4) for a number of reasons. Oil companies are moving
into (5) area, bringing a growing danger of oil pollution. At the same time, the arctic
ice is melting due to global (6) Polar bears feed on the ice so if it disappears, they
will starve. A third danger comes (7) over-hunting. Thankfully, (8)
organisations are now working to preserve parts of the Arctic and the (9) that lives
there. The Great Arctic Reserve, for example, is now a sanctuary for a variety of (10)
, such as seals, wild reindeer and foxes.

1. A. place B. environs C. round D. through

2. A. saving B recovering C. delivering D. preserving
3. A. moment B. stage C. period D. time
4. A. certainly B. strict C. solid D. hard
5. A. strong B. clients C. guests D. customers
6. A. ear B. bring C. get D. hard
7. A. instruction B. education C. training D. coaching
8. A. fit B. healthy C. firm D. stable
9. A. do B. take C. have D. get
10. A. down B. aside C. over D. off
29 KATE HUMBLE
Kate Humble was born in London but was (1) up next door to a farm. Here
she (2) all kinds of animals, which is how her passion for natural history began. After
leaving school, Kate (3)_ on an adventure that would take her around Africa. On the trip,
 she observed many rare (4) of animals as well as discovering the beauty of (5)
landscape. To pay her way, she worked in various jobs connected to the tourist (6)
such as driving and cooking for safari companies. After returning to England, she
got herself a job (7) tea and typing letters for people in television. She then became a
researcher and production assistant, and eventually (8) producing programmes!
But staying in a studio isnt Kates style! In one show, she made a series of (9)
broadcasts from the bottom of the sea, while surrounded by giant sharks! Now she makes and
presents programmes dealing with all aspects of natural history, including the effects of global
(10) .
1. A. grown B. educated C. moved D. brought
2. A. ran over B came across C. got by D. took up
3. A. set up B. set by C. set down D. set out
4. A. species B. packs C. crowds D. parties
5. A. a B. the C. one D. any
6. A. business B. market C. industry D. interest
7. A. making B. setting C. drinking D. doing
8. A. reached up B. closed up C. drew up D. ended up
9. A. life B. live C. living D. lifelong
10. A. heating B. burning C. warning D. grilling

30
Our journey to Greece began at six in the morning, when my family and I set off from
the house in our old car. Wed only gone a mile when we got a (1) type, and after
wed fixed that we had to hurry to the airport. We (2) to reach the check-in just before it
closed, then went through to the departure lounge. Soon we were (3) _ the plane, and
looking forward to our week on an island in the sun. I had a window seat, but since I was
directly above the (4) I couldnt see much, so I asked the flight (5) if I could
move to another seat. She found me one nearer the front of the plane, and later on I had a
wonderful (6) of the snow-covered mountains as we crossed over the Austrian Alps.
The weather became sunnier as we approached Greece, and our plane arrived right on (7)
 at Althens very smart new airport. Half an hour after we landed, we (8) the train
for the centre of Althens, where we (9) trains for the port of Piraeus. Ti wasnt long
before we were on the waterfront. After a short wait we were on the board our ferry and
sailing out to sea. It was a lovely trip, and when finally we reached our destination, the
holiday was (10) come true.
1. A. flat B. level C. dead D. broken
2. A. could B. succeeded C. able D. managed
3. A. riding B. boarding C. stepping D. flying
4. A. platform B. mast C. wing D. sail
5. A. view B. scene C. sight D. scenery
6. A. moment B. hour C. time D. minute
7. A. got into B. got over C. got up D. got onto
8. A. flat B. level C. dead D. broken
9. A. replaced B. moved C. changed D. exchanged
10. A. plan B. dream C. thought D. hope

31 COOKING ON A CAMPING HOLIDAY

One of the attracting of going on a camping holiday is the feeling of getting away
from everyday city life, of finding peace and (1) in the countryside, but this also
means thinking about how you are going to prepare meals while you are there. Before you
(2)
, check you have essentials such as saucepans and frying pans, cups, plates, knives,
forks, spoons for everyone, and various bits and (3) such as scissors, a tin-opener
and a sharp knife for cutting everything. Work out more or (4) how much food you
will need to take with you, bearing in mind that being than usual. On the other (6) , if
you take too much youll have to carry a lot of weight everywhere, only to end up having to
(7) half of it. One possibility is to cook a favorite meal something (8) like a
stew seal it in a plastic bag, freeze it, and take it with you for your first evening meal in (9)
you arrive late at the campsite. Then you just (10) it in a pan of water, and itll
be ready to eat in no time.
1.
9. A.
A. silence
event B.
B. calm
case C.
C. rest
chance D.
D. quiet
matter
2.
10. A.
A. set off
roast B.
B. set
bakeup C.
C. set
grillto D.
D. set
boilfor
3. A.32parts B. pieces FAMILY BLUESC. objects D. items
4. A.Dolower
you have a B. little
good (1) _ C. less
with your brothers and sistersD.orfewer
do they drive you
5.
crazy?A.Most
get through B. get
brothers and down
sisters (2) C. get
from timein to time. Theres
D. nothing
get at (3) with
6.
that A.
itsside B. instinct.
a basic animal hand Baby kittensC.fight
arm for the mother cats
D. foot
attention. And
7. A. throw away B. throw off C. throw back D. throw on
8. A. tasteful B. tasting C. tasty D. tasteless
human brothers and sisters (4) out for very similar reasons. They think they should have
more attention, or more space, or more privacy. (5) , although a little jealousy is
natural in families, constant fighting can make life a misery. You dont need to be best
buddies with your brother or sister but you should show them respect. In fact, its a complete
(7) of time. So next time your brother or sister annoys you or starts to (8)
you about, take a deep breath, stay calm, and make it clear you want to stop the fights. They
probably dont enjoy arguing all the time, (9) . If you sit down and discuss
things, you may find you have a lot more (10) common than you knew!
1. A. relationship B. friendship C. relations D. relative
2. A. dispute B. discuss C. disagree D. disturb
3. A. wrong B. bad C. false D. incorrect
4. A. drop B. stand C. break D. fall
5. A. And B. But C. Also D. So
6. A. throwing B. showing C. making D. losing
7. A. mistake B. waste C. miss D. loss
8. A. mess B. bully C. nag D. spoil
9. A. too B. also C. either D. as well
10. A. on B. at C. for D. in
33 HELP YOUR LOCAL ENVIRONMENT
Many of us are trying to think of new (1) to help the environment. Groups
which are involved in protecting the environment think they may have found a long-term (2)
. Most of the current ways of getting people involved in helping the environment
mean that people have to (3) a large organisation and they can sometimes feel the
problem is too large or (4) to manage. A new (5) is that groups are set up
locally to deal with small issues that affect just the community they (6) in. It is
hoped this will make people more (7) of the importance of helping. Also, this
plan means that each community works together by contributing (8) the
 environment and this makes for a strong community. If every community does this then
organisers are (9) the effect will be national. The government may even offer some
(10) help for projects set up by these local groups. The idea came from someone
who thought that (11) the size of what we do would actually be more productive.
Also, it should mean that helping becomes a (12) rather than a chore.
1. A. access B. approaches C. paths D. routes
2. A. answer B. key C. reply D. solution
3. A. join B. enrol in C. engage in D. involve in
4. A. improbable B. impractical C. impossible D. unrealistic
5. A. proposal B. suggestion C. remark D. statement
6. A. exist B. reside C. subsist D. live
7. A. conscious B. aware C. capable D. sure
8. A. to B. with C. about D. for
9. A. expecting B. dreaming C. hoping D. imagining
10. A. money B. monetary C. funding D. financial
11. A. lessening B. minimising C. reducing D. dwindling
12. A. happiness B. pleasure C. delight D. enjoyment

34 THE MYTH OFJESSE JAMES

Jesse James was a notorious American outlaw. He was (1) of a gang of
th
criminals which operate in the United States in the second half of the 19 century. He
(2)
a lot of bank robberies and became well known when his daring crimes were
reported in the newspapers. (3) some people considered him a criminal, to (4)
he was a hero, and they argued that he was a symbol of rebellion for the southern states.
James then started robbing trains and stagecoaches and was (5) successful that in 1874
a detective agency was employed to find him. They tracked him down to his house and tried
to burn it down but this only created a lot of (6) sympathy for James. James
eventually conducted a daring robbery that (7) wrong and he had to into hiding. He
was eventually betrayed by one of his new gang members and he was (8) shot dead.
However, James was said to have (9) this attempt and it was claimed that another man
had been shot. Many myths existed (10) Jesse James, both about his (11)
 crimes and about his death. Even today, for many people his name (12) the spirit of the
Wild West.
1. A. associate B. member C. partner D. part
2. A. offended B. committed C. created D. violated
3. A. While B. Because C. But D. Since
4. A. the others B. another C. others D. everybody
5. A. very B. extremely C. such D. so
6. A. common B. popular C. public D. average
7. A. became B. went C. got D. turned
8. A. apparently B. visibly C. seemingly D. clearly
9. A. overcame B. got over C. surpassed D. survived
10. A. within B. around C. inside D. for
11. A. daring B. brave C. courageous D. bold
12. A. represents B. stand for C. symbolies D. serves as
35 IS IT TRUE THAT LIGHTNING NEVER STRICKER
IN THE SAME PLACE TWICE
Lightning is much more (1) to hit something it has struck before because it
(2) to hit sharp things. So if there is a tall building or something that sticks up on
(3) of a mountain then lightning may well strike twice. This is (4) _ lightning is
always trying to find the easiest way down the earth. In fact, there is (5) that
lightning does strike the same place (6) more than once because the Empire State
building in New York got hit 15 times in 15 minutes a few years ago! Also, aeoplanes can
get struck by lightning and this happens with a (7) of about once in every 10 years. For
example, a friend of mine had been in the USA and was coming (8) _. The flight was
already late but, when he got on the aeroplane, it was (9) by an hour and a
half because of a really bad storm. Then, after it took (10) his plane got hit by
lightning. The passengers had just recovered when it got hit again, so twice in the (11)
of about ten minutes! They do say that these
storms are going to get much more frequent because of the effect of greenhouse (12)
, so now theres even more chance of lightning striking twice.
1.
7. A.
A. likely
repetition B. frequency
B. possible C.
C. probable
routine D.
D. expected
habit
2.
8. A.
A. inclines
across B. about
B. leans C.
C. tends
back D.
D. aims
away
3.
9. A.
A. crown
postponed B. suspended
B. head C.
C. peak
held D.
D. top
delayed
4.
10. A.
A. why
in B. off
B. as C.
C. because
away D.
D. so
back
5. A. evidence B. sign C. mark D. exhibition
6. A. over B. greatly C. above D. far
11. A. space B. time C. cycle D. duration
12. A. changes B. gases C. substances D. layer
36 CHANGES IN THE COUTRYSIDE
Back in my childhood days, summer was always the time we stayed at my
grandparents house, usually (1) six weeks or even longer. It wasnt particularly
hot, but there seemed to be endless sunshine all the time we were there. Most days, we used
to go swimming with the (2) kids. They had made a large pool in the that (3)
from the nearby mountains, which in those days still had a thick (4) of
snow on top until early July. Nowadays the temperatures seem higher and we rarely have any
(5) rain, so that in summer there is (6) any water in the river. Possibly for
the same (7) , the countryside seemed much greener then, with thick grass and wild
flowers (8) for the valleys and the higher ground. In fact, some areas are completely
black and burnt, because of the (10) common wildfires that destroy everything in
their path. All this, people say, has been brought (11) by climate change, which is now
(12) a terrible effect on many parts of our planet.

1. A. by B. for C. during D. since

2. A. local B. close C. district D. nearby
3. A. streamed B. leaked C. washed D. flowed
4. A. layer B. slice C. sheet D. band
5. A. strong B. heavy C. deep D. extreme
6. A. nearly B. really C. hardly D. simply
7. A. reasons B. causes C. purposes D. methods
8. A. shooting B. rising C. planting D. growing
9. A. apart B. except C. other D. besides
10. A. greatly B. largely C. increasingly D. progressively
11. A. over B. up C. in D. about
12. A. making B. doing C. having D. causing
37 CALLING ALL STUDENT
 What would you think of a school where you never saw the teacher and you never
saw other students? There is a school like this and it is (1) over the radio. This is (2)
young people who live in the Australian outback get an education. They live huge
(3) from the nearest towns and are from families who own or (4) sheep
farms in isolated areas. The school sends them study papers and they many of us it is
hard to imagine (6) classes via the radio, but if it is all you have known then it seems (7)
. Teacher work with students at elementary and secondary school (8) and their
school can be spread over 300,000 square kilometres. With the assistance of a (9)
tutor (often their mother), the students listen to lessons, then do work, which they send (10)
to be corrected and assessed. Of course, they are expected to (11) up by
themselves if they miss a lesson. Although the internet is also used for these types of schools
so students can (12) in touch with each other, the radio is still a very important way
for these students to learn.
1. A. performed B. operated C. worked D. used
2. A. why B. where C. how D. when
3. A. distances B. spaces C. ranges D. ways
4. A. conduct B. command C. manage D. direct
5. A. off B. far C. aside D. away
6. A. holding B. making C. talking D. acquiring
7. A. normal B. usual C. common D. ordinary
8. A. degree B. level C. position D. standard
9. A. residence B. domestic C. house D. home
10. A. out B. in C. down D. over
11. A. catch B. go C. pick D. come
12. A. put B. have C. continue D. keep
38 THE BENEFITS OF JOINING A SPORTS CLUB
Everyone, old or young, should think about joining a sports club. There are many
benefits to being a (1) of a club. First of all, you have the opportunity not just to play
for favourite sport on a (2) basis, but also to improve. Most clubs have training sessions
or even professionals who (3) lessons. Secondly , its a chance to meet people who
enjoy doing the same things as you so you will probably get (4) with them and end up
with a good (5) of friends. Also these clubs usually have an excellent (6) life
as they arrange parties and special (7) at the club where you
can meet to talk and eat
together and generally have a good time. Many people (8) up sports in their early
teens but I is a good idea to continue as (9) sport is a way of relieving stress and giving
you moir energy as well as being a good (10) from your studies. Best of all, a lot of
clubs can arrange to get tickets for top sporting events that are hard to (11) . This means
you can often get front row seats for matches and competitions in your favourite sport, or you
may even be able to see your favourite team. Well (12) joining!
1. A. fellow B. member C. representative D. associate
2. A. timely B. normal C. even D. regular
3. A. offer B. present C. hand D. propose
4. A. up B. on C. over D. about
5. A. connection B. contact C. network D. system
6. A. social B. society C. group D. company
7. A. moments B. affairs C. organisations D. occasions
8. A. set B. get C. give D. put
9. A. doing B. making C. having D. talking
10. A. gap B. break C. enterval D. pause
11. A. order B. book C. engage D. register
12. A. cost B. value C. worth D. use

39 DO YOU BELIEVE IN ALIENS?

Although some of us (1) it amazing, there are plenty of people who believe
that aliens have visited our planet (2) several occasions. These (3) _ all
sprang up in the 1950s at the beginning of our exploration of space. People are (4) to
have seen strange light and found odd burn marks in the ground. There were several tales of
(5) of alien spacecraft and of humans being kidnapped by aliens and taken away.
When they were (6) _ , of course, they could never remember what had happened. The
people who believe in this (7) their arguments by saying the government conspires to
keep these visits a (8) so that is why we dont get to hear about them. Of course, these
aliens always land in remote or uninhabited places where they cannot easily be (9) .
people who challenge these (10) say it is extremely unlikely that aliens could remain
so hidden and so therefore it is claimed that these stories are nothing more than an urban
(11) . But it still fascinates us as we can see from the number of television programmes
and films that are (12) on these stories.
 1. A. discover B. notice C. remark D. find
2. A. for B. on C. at D. in
3. A. histories B. folkores C. fictions D. myths
4. A. supposed B. claimed C. imagined D. expected
5. A. displays B. viewings C. sightings D. shows
6. A. reviewed B. returned C. replaced D. reappeared
7. A. carry B. hold C. support D. keep
8. A. formula B. key C. code D. secret
9. A. witnessed B. spotted C. noted D. checked
10. A. plots B. schemes C. theories D. guesses
11. A. legend B. tale C. account D. hoax
12. A. set B. based C. located D. found
40 CYBERFASHION
Most of us own modern (1) like mobile phones, or digital cameras. We
carry them round in our pockets, or attach them to our bodies. But not for much longer!
Designers have now (2) in integrating tiny bits of technology directly into our
clothing. (3) fact cyberfashion is the latest trend! One example, the Musical
Jacket, is already in the shops. This jacket is silk. It (4) controlled by a keyboard,
also manufactured from fabric, which is connected to a tiny device (5) __ plays music.
At present, you (6) to touch a shoulder pad to hear the music. But in future, youll
be able to operate (7) device just by turning your wrist or walking! For athletes,
scientists have (8) a smart shirt which measures your heart rate, body temperature and
respiration rate! (9) , the most romantic piece of cyberfashion must be the
Heartthrob Brooch. This item of jewellery, made from diamonds and rubies, has two
miniature transmitters. They (10) the brooch glow in time to the beating of its
wearers heart. If you (11) someone gorgeous, your heart will beat faster and
your brooch will (12) everyone know how you feel!
1.
8. A.
A. gadgets
discovered B. dreamed
B. machines C.
C. instruments
invented D. imagined
D. tools
2.
9. A.
A. enabled
Although B. Why
B. succeeded C.
C. managed
Despite D. However
D. resulted
3.
10. A.
A. As
make B. force
B. For C.
C. By
cause D. bring
D. In
4.
11. A.
A. was
met B. will
B. has meet C. is
C. meet D. are
D. can meeting
5.
12. A.
A. that
allow B. let
B. it C.
C. who
permit D. admit
D. whose
6.
41 A. must B. shouldTHE CORALC.
SAVED could
REEFS D. have
7. A.Coral
a reefs an B. the in clear, shadowC.
found that mostly in the tropics.
water, D. any These ocean (1)
 provide shelter for many (2) of animals, including, sharks and turtles. The
reefs provide rich fishing grounds for local people. They also help boost the tourist (3) .
Sadly, the worlds reefs are now disappearing at a catastrophic (4) . There are several
reasons for this. (5) warming is a major contributor. Climate change has caused sea
temperatures to (6) by about three degrees. Coral cant (7) such warm
conditions so the reefs are now under (8) . Pollution is also a worry. Coral needs
light or it will die. (9) , all over the world, pollution is turning the seas murky.
Erosion, over-fishing and uncontrolled tourism are also threats. But its not too late. Coral
reefs can recover quickly as (10) as they are protected. The good news is that local
people, such as fishermen, students, divers and biologists are becoming (11)
involved in controlling pollution and defending the reefs. And when ordinary people get
serious about caring for the environment and conserving wildlife, they can really (12) a
difference.
1. A. places B. habitats C. areas D. environs
2. A. parties B. specimens C. species D. groups
3. A. business B. industry C. interest D. market
4. A. rate B. level C. number D. amount
5. A. Greenhouse B. Planet C. Goble D. Weather
6. A. rise B. raise C. elevate D. lift
7. A. bear B. stand C. allow D. tolerate
8. A. problem B. danger C. threat D. difficulty
9. A. Despite B. Why C. Although D. However
10. A. far B. long C. well D. much
11. A. lively B. strongly C. energetically D. actively
12. A. make B. do C. have D. take

42 LONDON OUR AMAZING DAY

 Our weekend (1) to London was fabulous. There was so much to see and do! On
our first morning we caught a double-decker tourist bus and (2) sightseeing. Our tour
took in all the famous sights, including the Houses of Parliament, Buckingham Palace and
Westminster Abbey, (3) many kings and queens are buried. After getting a coffee in
one of Londons famous pubs, we headed (4) _ the London Eye. The (5) from
the top were just awesome! By the time wed finished, I was starving, so I insisted (6)
stopping for a sandwich in St Jamess Park. London is actually a very green city and
its park are great places to chill out in. Looking round, I sound load of young people
skateboarding or just hanging out in the sunshine. Later, someone suggested (7) a boat
ride down the River Thames. It turned out to be a great idea and we really enjoyed (8)
experience! By now it was late and we were hungry again. Having spent most of our
cash for the day, we needed to find (9) cheap to eat! In the end, we (10) in
finding an inexpensive little Chinese restaurant Soho. Id never tried Chinese food before
and I wasnt sure Id like it, (11) it was great! Feeling full and happy, we made our (12)
to Covent Garden to watch street entertainers. It was a fabulous end to an amazing
day!
1. A. journey B. voyage C. travel D. trip
2. A. did B. made C. went D. had
3. A. where B. how C. that D. which
4. A. at B. up C. for D. by
5. A. scenes B. views C. outlooks D. looks
6. A. on B. in C. about D. with
7. A. to take B. taking C. taken D. take
8. A. such B. an C. a D. the
9. A. somewhere B. anywhere C. nowhere D. wherever
10. A. involved B. participated C. engaged D. succeeded
11. A. although B. but C. while D. despite
12. A. path B. road C. way D. route

43 LEARN ENGLISH BRITAIN

Over 600.000 students come to Britain each year to learn English and immerse
themselves (1) a complete cultural experience. Its a great place to study offering
many attractions which cannot be found anywhere else. Why not (2) your stay with
visits to European countries which can be easily (3) from Britain.
 We have a variety of exciting places in which to study cosmopolitan cities,
traditional centres of learning, coastal resorts, beautiful historic towns. The choice is yours.
Scotland: Tartan, bagpipes, whisky, mountain and islands are just some of the things
for which Scotland is (4) . Visitors are (5) to Scotlands spectacular
colourful scenery. The Scottish Borders with green rolling countryside, winding rivers and
woodlands are likely to (6) to walkers. The Highlands is an area of wild beauty (7)
in wildlife and rare plants, with heather covered moorlands and fast flowing rivers.
Northumbria: Northumbria boasts more castles and ruins than any other English
region. Along the entire width of northern England (8) Hadrians Wall, built by the
Romans to (9) the Scots from crossing the border. Northumbria also has miles of
beautiful sandy beaches.
London: the capital offers superb shopping; Oxford Street, Regent Street and
Knightsbridge are all known (10) their famous stores. If you are (11) unusual
items, Harrods in Kingsbridge boats that it can order anything in the world. For those (12)
in sports, theses tennis at Wimbledom, cricket at Lords and rugby at
Twickenham as well as many other well known events.
1. A. of B. in C. at D. for
2. A. combine B. divide C. join D. concentrate
3. A. got B. passed C. reached D. market
4. A. famuos B. worthy C. attractive D. pleasant
5. A. pleased B. delighted C. enthused D. attracted
6. A. search B. attract C. appeal D. fascinate
7. A. full B. excellent C. fond D. rich
8. A. passes B. runs C. starts D. flows
9. A. prevent B. suspend C. refuse D. defend
10. A. as B. by C. with D. for
11. A. around B. at C. for D. over
12. A. good B. interested C. occupied D. fond

44 THE BLACK SEA

 Arriving in the Black Sea port of Batumi was a dream (1) true for me. For
years I had longed to wander slowly along the promenade (2) out over this
landlocked sea, so as I headed to the coast, which (3) in my stomach, I felt both
excited and strangely nervous. Would the Black Sea actually be black? Well, Ill (4)
the cat out of the bag it isnt! And, according (5) my guidebook, the Black Sea is
more like a lake a sea. It has no tides, and, thanks to modern technology, we now know that
below a certain depth it is too poisonous to sustain life. But its calm surface gives a false (6)
; on stormy days, the churning waters can have a (7) effect on shipping.
My travelling companion and I had bought cheap tickets on the overnight train from
Tbilisi, the capital of Georgia. This had proved to be a (8) economy as we hardly got
any sleep, and by the time we arrived in Batumi, we were so tired and hungry that we
virtually (9) off the train. We had a few (10) to eat from the previous nights
meal but nothing appetizing. That first evening though, we had a very agreeable time,
drinking Georgian wine, excited (11) the thought of being by the sea where once, (12)
the sudden storms, Ancient Greeks traded and Byzantine ships patrolled the shores.

1. A. gone B. taken C. come D. done

2. A. glimpsing B. glancing C. peeping D. gazing
3. A. birds B. butterflies C. moths D. bees
4. A. let B. lose C. leave D. allow
5. A. for B. at C. to D. with
6. A. idea B. impression C. pretence D. sense
7. A. beneficial B. threatening C. crucial D. devastating
8. A. false B. cheap C. true D. fake
9. A. strolled B. skipped C. marched D. staggered
10. A. deposits B. leftovers C. relics D. remains
11. A. for B. with C. at D. in
12. A. despite B. although C. in spite D. nevertheless
45 HOSPITALITY
Hospitality looking after visitors is universal, but in different cultures hosts are
expected to receive guests in different ways.
In much of the ancient (1) , it was the custom to provide passing travelers with
food and water, and (2) _ after them well. Indeed in some regions, if visitors were
in the middle of a long (3) , servants would wash their feet.
Today, some old customs have (4) . In a traditional Japanese household, if a
guest admires a (5) _ object in the house, the host will give it to the guest straightaway.
And it is still (6) in part of Russia to greet guests with bread and salt on a special cloth.
 The guest is (7) to kiss them and hand them back to the host. Sometimes the guest
breaks (8) a small piece of bread, dips it in the salt and eats it.
In some countries, when (9) guests arrive from abroad they may feel they have
been given a particularly (10) meal. But this is probably because the host politely
(11) offering more and drink, and the guest is too embarrassed to (12) anything
down.
1. A. world B. earth C. globe D. planet
2. A. name B. look C. take D. go
3. A. journey B. travel C. term D. day
4. A. supported B. existed C. preserved D. survived
5. A. usual B. precise C. particular D. distinct
6. A. typical B. everyday C. average D. ordinary
7. A. needed B. required C. wanted D. desired
8. A. in B. down C. out D. off
9. A. foreign B. strange C. alien D. unfamiliar
10. A. strong B. dense C. heavy D. wide
11. A. takes up B. keeps on C. comes off D. puts in
12. A. slow B. keep C. turn D. take

46 SCHOOL SPORTS DAY

When I was at school, sports day was the highlight of the year. Let me (1) the
scene. First of all, on sports day, it was always bound (2) rain. Sunny weather? No
such luck. Despite the previous two months of soaring temperatures, as likely (3)
not, on the morning of games, the temperature would plummet. So, imagine a hundred (4)
small children, dressed in tight shorts and thin vests, shivering in the cold, unaware of
heartbreak that (5) in store for them. Swept (6) by the excitement and desperate to
win, tempers soon get (7) . One girl finds herself disqualified from the egg and
spoon race despite giving it everything shes got, and another boy, (8) jealous of the
winner of the sack race, makes the mistakes of being rude to him (9) earshot of the
teachers. Scores of tiny children, (10) disappointed at tasting defeat for the first time,
break down and cry. Twenty years on, Im certainly not (11) any younger, but I do
have some really lasting (12) of those days at school!
1. A. put B. do C. make D. set
2. A. for B. to C. by D. of
3. A. to B. if C. than D. as
4. A. enthusiast B. enthusiastic C. enthuse D. enthusiasm
5. A. sits B. stands C. lies D. hides
6. A. up B. over C. down D. off
7. A. fractured B. turned C. torn D. frayed
8. A. fiercely B. warmly C. keenly D. strongly
9. A. between B. among C. within D. across
10. A. bitterly B. strongly C. warmly D. absolutely
11. A. putting B. getting C. going D. coming
12. A. remembrances B. mementoes C. memories D. souvenirs
47 A FAMOUS EXPLORER
Captain James Cook is remembered today for being one of Britains most famous
th
explorer of the 18 century. Cook was (1) _ most other explorer of the same period as
he did not come from a wealthy family and had to work hard to (2) his position in
life. He was lucky to be (3) by his fathers employers, who saw that he was a bright
boy and paid for him to attend the village school. At sixteen, he started (4) _ in a
shop in fishing village, and this was a turning (5) in his life. He developed an interest
in the sea eventually joined the Royal Navy in order to see more of the world.
Cook was (6) by sailing, astronomy and the production of maps, and quickly
became an expert in these subjects. He was also one of the first people to (7) that
scurvy, an illness often suffered by sailors, could be prevented by careful (8) to diet.
It was during his (9) to the Pacific Ocean that Cook made his historic landing in
Australia and the (10) discovery that New Zealand was two (11) islands. He
became a national hero and still (12) one today.
1.
10. A.
A. different
major B.
B. unlike
superior C.
C. distinct
serious D.
D. contrary
leading
2.
11. A.
A. achieve
shared B.
B. succeed
separate C.
C. manage
common D.
D. fulfil
particular
3.
12. A.
A. remarked
keeps B.
B. viewed
stands C.
C. noticed
maintains D.
D. glanced
remains
4.
48 A. trade B. work
THOMAS EDISON C. career D. job
5. A.On
moment B. instant
the night of 21 October 1931, millions of C. mark took part inD.a coast-to-coast
Americans point
6. A. keen
ceremony to commemorate theB.passing
eager of great man.C.Lights
fascinated
(1) D. enthusiastic
in homes and offices
7. A. realise
from New York to California. B.
Theestimate
ceremony (2) _ C. catch D. regard
the death of arguably the most
8. A. selection
important inventor (3) B. organisation
time: C. observation
Thomas Alva Edison. D. attention
9. A. travel B. excursion C. voyage D. tour
 Few inventors have (4) _ such an impact on everyday life, and many of his
inventions played a crucial (5) in the development of modern technology. One
should never (6) how revolutionary some of Edisons inventions were.
In many ways, Edison is the perfect example of an inventor that is, not just someone
who (7) up clever gadgets, but someone whose products transform the lives of
millions. He possessed the key characteristics that an inventor needs to (8) a success
of inventions, notably sheer determination. Edison famously tried thousands of material while
working on a new type of battery, reacting to failure by cheerfully (9) to his
colleagues: Well, (10) we know 8,000 things that dont work. Knowing when to take no
(11) of experts is also important Edisons proposal for electric lighting
circuitry was (12) with total disbelief by eminent scientists, until he lit up whole streets
with his lights.
1. A. went out B. came off C. turned out D. put off
2. A. noted B. distinguishes C. marked D. indicated
3. A. all B. full C. entire D. whole
4. A. put B. set C. served D. had
5. A. effect B. role C. place D. share
6. A. decrease B. lower C. underestimate D. mislead
7. A. creates B. dreams C. shapes D. forms
8. A. gain B. get C. achieve D. make
9. A. informing B. announcing C. instructing D. notifying
10. A. at least B. by far C. even though D. for all
11. A. attention B. regard C. notice D. view
12. A. gathered B. caught C. drawn D. received
49 MARKETS
 In practically any country in the world, you are (1) to find a market
somewhere. Markets have been with us since (2) _ times, and arose wherever people needed
to exchange the goods they produced. For example, a farmer might have exchanged a cow for
tools. But just at times have (3) , so have market practices. So, (4) in
early times the main activity (5) with markets would have been bartering in
(6) words exchanging goods today most stall-holders wouldnt be too (7) on
accepting potatoes as payment, for instance, instead of cash. In contrast, what might be a
common (8) in a modern market in some countries is a certain amount of
haggling, where customer and seller eventually (9) on a price, after what can
sometimes be quite a heated debate. However, behavior which is (10) in a market in
one country may not be acceptable in another. Even within one country, there may be some
markets where you could haggle quite (11) and others where it would be (12)
no to try!

1. A. inevitable B. confident C. definite D. sure

2. A. ancient B. antique C. old D. past
3. A. differed B. turned C. developed D. changed
4. A. however B. whereas C. nevertheless D. despite
5. A. attached B. relating C. connecting D. associated
6. A. different B. other C. new D. alternative
7. A. fond B. eager C. keen D. pleased
8. A. sight B.vision C. look D. view
9. A. confirm B. consent C. agree D. approve
10. A. expected B. insisted C. believed D. reckoned
11. A. simply B. easily C. clearly D. plainly
12. A. profitable B. noticeable C. advisable D. acceptable
50 UNDER THE CITY STREETS
While skyscraper offices and elegant apartment blocks remain the public face of most
major cities, these cities also have a mass of secret tunnels and hidden pipes below ground
which keep everything working. This other world exists, forgotten or neglected by all but a
tiny (1) of engineers and historians.
For example, there are more than 150 kilometres of rivers under the streets of London.
Most have been (2) over and, sadly, all that (3) is their names. Perhaps the
greatest (4) to the city is the River Fleet, a (5) great river which previously had
 beautiful houses on its (6) . It now goes underground in the north of the city and (7)
into the River Thames by Blackfrairs Bridge.
The London Underground (8) 1,000 kilometres of underground railway track
winding under the capital and more than 100 stations below street level. Along some
underground railway lines, commuters can sometimes catch a (9) glimpse of the
platform of more than 40 closed stations which have been left under the city. (10)
some are used as films sets, most (11) forgotten. Some have had their entrance on
the street turned into restaurants and shops, but must most entrance have been (12)
down.
1. A. total B. amount C. number D. few
2. A. sheltered B. protected C. hidden D. covered
3. A. remains B. stops C. stays D. keeps
4. A. miss B. absence C. loss D. waste
5. A. past B. once C. then D. prior
6. A. borders B. coasts C. rims D. banks
7. A. gets B. flows C. leaks D. lets
8. A. holds B. contains C. consists D. has
9. A. brief B. rapid C. fast D. sharp
10. A. Despite B. Although C. Unless D. Since
11. A. live B. last C. lie D. lay
12. A. pulled B. broken C. brought D. cut

51 A GOOD START TO A HOLIDAY

I had never been to Denmark before, and when I set out to catch the ferry in early
May, I little (1) that by the end of the trip Id have made such lasting friendships.
I wanted to (2) my time well, so I had planned a route which would (3)
several small islands and various parts of the countryside. I arrived at Esbjerg, a (4)
port for a cyclists arrival, where tourist information can be obtained and money
changed. A cycle track (5) out of town and down to Ribe, where I spent my first
night.
In my (6) , a person travelling alone sometimes meets with unexpected
hospitality, and this trip was no (7) . In Ribe, I got into conversation with a cheerful
man who turned (8) to be the local baker. He insisted that I should (9) his
family for lunch, and, while we were eating, he contacted his daughter in Odense. Within
minutes, he had (10) for me to visit her and her family. Then I was (11) on my
way with a fresh loaf of bread to keep me (12) , and the feeling that this would turn
out to be a wonderful holiday.
1. A. wondered B. doubted C. suspected D. judged
2. A. take B. serve C. exercise D. use
3. A. contain B. includes C. enclose D. consist
4. A. capable B. ready C. favourable D. convenient
5. A. moves B. rides C. leads D. connects
6. A. experience B. knowledge C. observation D. information
7. A. difference B. exception C. change D. contrast
8. A. out B. up C. in D. over
9. A. greet B. join C. see D. approach
10. A. settled B. fixed C. arranged D. ordered
11. A. passed B. put C. begun D. sent
12. A. going B. making C. being D. doing

52 MOUNTAIN CLIMBING
One of the most difficult but rewarding of pastimes is mountain climbing. The
modern climber must (1) many different skills. Rock climbing (2) a
combination of gymnastic, imagination and observation, but perhaps the most necessary
skill is being able to (3) out how much weight a particular rock will (4) .
Mountaineers climb in groups of three or four, each climber at a distance of approximately
six metres from the next. The most experienced climber goes first and (6) _ the other
climbers which way to go, making the rope secure so that it is (7) for the others to
follow.
With much mountain climbing, snow skills (8) a very important part. Ice
axes are used for (9) steps into the snow and for testing the ground. Climbers always
tie themselves together so that, if the leader falls, he or she can be held by the others and (10)
back to safety. The number of dangers (11) by climbers is almost endless.
And the (12) of oxygen at high altitudes makes life even more difficult for
mountaineers.
1.
4. A. possess
A. supply B.
B. hold
support C.
C. control
provide D.
D. own
offer
2.
5. A.
A. orders
continue B.
B. insists
stay C.
C. calls
keep D.
D. requires
maintain
3. A. work B. try C. stand D. set
 6. A. indicates B. signals C. points D. shows
7. A. sure B. safe C. dependable D. reliable
8. A. act B. do C. make D. play
9. A. breaking B. tearing C. cutting D. splitting
10. A. given B. pulled C. put D. sent
11. A. faced B. touched C. felt D. market
12. A. need B. gap C. lack D. demand
53 WHOSE WAVE POWER IS IT?
Construction of the worlds biggest wave-energy installation is (1) ahead off the
coast of Cornwall in southwest England. More than twenty-one million pounds (2)
of funding has been agreed for what is (3) as Wave Hub, a giant electrical terminal on
the seabed ten miles off the coast. Wave Hub will allow a number of different wave-energy
devices operating in the area to transmit the energy they generate along a high-voltage
undersea, back to the shore.
Once it is in (4) operation, Wave Hub is (5) to support the largest
concentration of wave-energy machines anywhere in the world. It will also mark an
enormous (6) forward in the development of wave power, which has tended to (7)
behind its cousins in the other main (8) of renewable energy technology:
wind power and solar power.
But surfers in the southwest have (9) _ concerns about the projects. Cornwall is
Britains principal surfing region (10) of the size of the Atlantic rollers hitting the
beaches there, and surfers are concerned that the energy taken from the waves may (11)
in a reduction of as much as eleven percent in the height of those waves when they (12)
the shore. But an independent study reported this week that any effect on wave height
will probably be much less than the surfers had (13) .
1.
7. A.
A. setting
leave B.
B. getting
delay C.
C. making
drag D.
D. going
lag
2.
8. A.
A. amount
branches B.
B. worth
limbs C.
C. quantity
wings D.
D. value
prongs
3.
9. A.
A. referred
explained B.
B. called
spoken C.
C. entitled
expressed D.
D. known
commented
4.
10. A.
A. whole
because B.
B. entire
account C.
C. full
reason D.
D. thorough
thanks
5.
11. A.
A. plausible
arise B.
B. likely
upshot C.
C. probable
conclude D.
D. surely
result
6.
12. A. arrive
A. step B. reach
B. strike C. realise
C. pace D.
D. tread
achieve
13. A. scared B. worried C. feared D. frightened
54 WHAT MAKES A GOOD SOUVENIR?
 On my desk at home, I have a collection of souvenirs; objects that (1) _ me of
places Ive visited and important events in my life. These objects include a model boat that I
saw being (2) from a piece of wood on a Caribbean island, a piece of lava that (3)
volcano in the year I was born, and a shell (4) on my favourite childhood
beach.
(5) everything else, from which memory and detail fades, it is as if the
longer you hold on to certain objects, the (6) their associations with the past
become, and the sharper the recollections that gather around them. They are, (7) , real
souvenirs, encapsulations not only of the places, but of your time in the place. But these day,
the term real souvenirs sounds like a contradiction in (8) , and this is because the
objects sold to tourists as souvenirs are often cheap mass-produced imports that have nothing
to (9) with the place at all.
Its often the (10) that the best souvenirs, like my shell, are found rather than
purchased, but (11) for souvenirs can also be a fun holiday activity. But if you are
buying souvenirs on holiday this summer, make sure they (12) _ the reality test. A
good souvenirs is not just made in the area where it is bought, it also says something about the
culture of that area. It is something made by local people using sustainable local material, and
because you are effectively supporting the local economy, it shouldnt (13) too
cheap, either.
1.
7. A.
A. remind
albeit B.
B. memorise
otherwise C. whereas
C. remember D.
D. commemorate
therefore
2.
8. A.
A. sketched
meaning B.
B. carved
terms C. words
C. thrown D.
D. scratched
names
3.
9. A.
A. developed
gain B.
B. appeared
make C. do
C. emerged D.
D. arrived
get
4.
10. A.
A. picked
point up B.
B. bumped
case into C. fact
C. come across D.
D. found
truth out
5.
11. A.
A. Opposite
pursuing B.
B. Dissimilar
seeking C. surfing
C. Different D.
D. Unlike
browsing
6.
12. A.
A. greater
win B.
B. wider
pass C. beat
C. larger D.
D. harder
take
13. A. go B. charge C. come D. cost
55 WORKING IN A ZOO
Zookeeping is an (1) but fascinating job. A lot of young people say they want
to work (2) animals and being a zookeeper is possibly the most interesting of the jobs
you could be (3) . The job (4) not just cleaning and feeding the animals in the
zoo but also checking up on them to make sure they are well or if there are any (5) to
their behavior. You will also need to (6) after them if they are sick. You have to be
prepared to do more (7) , boring tasks as well, such as checking their cages and
enclosures. In addition, you have to enjoy working with people (8) you usually have
to answer questions from visitors to the zoo. You dont need to have a lot of (9) to
be a zookeeper. It is the kind of job that (10) more on you having an interest in
animals and animal behavior. If you want to apply, its a good idea to get some experience by
doing some volunteer (11) at the weekends. You may also need to be quite fit as you
may have to do a lot (12) . You dont just have to work in a zoo either, as many
zookeeper work in wildlife parks, which we can be (13) more exciting!

1. A. abnormal B. unexpected C. unusual D. extraordinary

2. A. by B. beside C. for D. with
3. A. suggested B. offered C. shown D. proposed
4. A. involves B. contains C. considers D. needs
5. A. substitutes B. departures C. alterations D. alternatives
6. A. get B. look C. take D. go
7. A. routine B. unoriginal C. habitual D. customary
8. A. therefore B. owing C. so D. because
9. A. training B. coaching C. preparing D. guiding
10. A. counts B. relies C. trusts D. leans
11. A. work B. business C. job D. occupation
12. A. holding B. transporting C. bearing D. carrying
 13. A. quite B. very C. much D. plenty
56 PLANET EARTH
The television programme Planet Earth was a (1) series that was broadcast in
many countries. The programme (2) at the different environments on our planet
and the animals that live in these environment. It showed various habitats as (3) as plants
and animals that have never been seen before on television. Each programme showed
different (4) of our planet, such as deserts, forests, seas and so on, and looked at the
way animals and plants (5) in these places. What was interesting was that it made (6)
reference to the environmental problems that face our planet instead was a (7)
of all the different life forms on the planet. The series was incredibly popular and the
photography was amazing (8) the photographers working on the series managed to (9)
some wonderful scenes of animals in their natural habitats. The series attracted huge
audiences round the world and won several (10) _ for the people who made the
programmes. The producers are now (11) another programme called Planet Earth: The
Future, which will look at environmental issues, such as (12) change, and also at how
we can save animals which are in danger of becoming (13) .
1. A. main B. major C. heavy D. large
2. A. inspected B. viewed C. looked D. observed
3. A. greatly B. well C. much D. fully
4. A. divisions B. districts C. areas D. provinces
5. A. lasted B. remained C. supported D. survived
6. A. no B. not C. some D. any
7. A. festival B. anniversary C. celebration D. performance
8. A. as B. due C. so D. owing
9. A. win B. bring C. earn D. capture
10. A. awards B. rewards C. decorations D. premiums
11. A. composing B. making C. forming D. shaping
12. A. climate B. weather C. temperature D. atmosphere
13. A. lost B. inactive C. extinct D. dead

57 HOGWARTS SCHOOL
 Hogwarts school is the school made (1) in the Harry Potter novels. It is a
special school for watches and wizards (2) _ the ages of eleven and eighteen. The
 school teaches boys and girls and is a (3) _ school located somewhere in Scotland. In
many (4) it is like any other school in the UK. It has a teacher and even a school
song, and feels the students typically British food. Students live in houses and sleep in
dormitories. They can (6) points for their houses. The school year is divided into three
(7) . Students have to (8) test and exams and if they misbehave they are (9)
with a detention or can even be expelled. However, it (10) in
many important ways. For a start the school is over one thousand years old. Also students
at the school are allowed to bring a cat, a toad or an owl with them and have to bring
several old (11) of equipment, such as a wand and a telescope. The (12)
is a wizards outfit and students are taught the history of magic and care of magical
creatures rather than maths or English! Even (13) strangely, in their tests, they
1. can A.
getfamous
more than 100 per cent.
B. public C. known D. excellent
2. A. from B. among C. between D. with
3. A. boarding B. dormitory C. college D. vocational
4. A. methods B. customs C. habits D. ways
5. A. boss B. main C. head D. top
6. A. carry B. achieve C. catch D. win
7. A. sections B. terms C. seasons D. periods
8. A. make B. conduct C. perform D. do
9. A. punished B. ruled C. controlled D. corrected
10. A. alters B. changes C. differs D. departs
11. A. articles B. pieces C. parts D. lots
12. A. costume B. uniform C. outfit D. suit
13. A. extra B. more C. much D. as

58 CELEBRITY PUNISHMENT
One form of punishment that has become increasing (1) with courts in
the UK and USA is something called community service. This is when somebody has been
(2) of a minor crime but, instead of being sent to prison, they have to do some (3)
in the community. When they are in court the (4) tells them how many
hours community service they will have to do. The sort of things they are (5) to do are
things like painting building or (6) up litter from the streets. It seems to work very
well be because it (7) the towns get some jobs done that need doing and criminal is
made to (8) the results of their actions. Also it costs the government much less than
(9) somebody in prison, as it is like a job which is just done during the day. It is
something that has had a lot of publicity because several celebrities who have (10)
the law, for example for speeding for shoplifting, have been made to clean the streets. At the
same (11) , photographers follow them everywhere so it can be very embarrassing. The
(12) also means it is a warning to ordinary people about what can happen if they
(13) a crime.
1. A. famous B. known C. celebrated D. popular
2. A. arrested B. convicted C. caught D. charged
3. A. occupations B. labours C. exercices D. jobs
4. A. director B. judge C. referee D. authority
5. A. promised B. warned C. asked D. explained
6. A. picking B. cutting C. pulling D. saving
7. A. results B. causes C. involves D. means
8. A. deal B. handle C. manage D. treat
9. A. possessing B. controlling C. keeping D. storing
10. A. broken B. cracked C. dismissed D. crashed
11. A. moment B. time C. period D. term
12. A. advertising B. notice C. publicity D. broadcast
13. A. make B. perform C. deliver D. commit
59 LIVING HISTORY
One (1) we can find out more about how our (2) lived is by actually
living in the past ourselves. This was the (3) for a television programme about how
people lived a very long time ago in the Iron Age. The TV company (4) _ 12 people,
including children, to go and live for four weeks in a specially (5) up village. The
village was (6) as if it was in the Iron Age. The company employed historians to make
(7) they got everything built in the same way as it would have been done hundreds of
years (8) . The people in the programme had to recreate the Iron Age life using the
various (9) and materials from that Age. The volunteers had to learn the (10)
they needed to live, such as basket making a farming the land. They were then filmed as they
struggled to live with no electricity, limited water and (11) mechanical at all. They
also had to wear the clothes from the (12) _ which were made from rough cloth and
were not very comfortable. The thing they all found most difficult was the (13) they
had to work all day from dawn to sunset and had no rest time!

1. A. course B. manner C. system D. way

 2. A. ancestors B. relatives C. line D. tribe
3. A. creation B. direction C. inspiration D. birth
4. A. elected B. selected C. fixed D. adopted
5. A. put B. brought C. opened D. set
6. A. raised B. manufactured C. constructed D. composed
7. A. sure B. secure C. firm D. definite
8. A. past B. since C. yet D. ago
9. A. works B. pieces C. tools D. units
10. A. skills B. facilities C. experiences D. qualities
11. A. not any B. nothing C. none D. no one
12. A. cycle B. stage C. period D. days
13. A. point B. situation C. event D. fact
60 EXPRESS YOURSELF
Whenever someone (1) _ a goal in football, they seem to have a special (2)
that is particular to them or their team. Big matches (3) the most successful
football teams always have players who (4) _ strange movement round the pitch after a
goal. Some do simple things (5) running round and round many times with their
arms is the air or even several flips or somersaults. There are also players who do something
significant for them personally. Often this is a (7) , such as kissing their wedding ring
or (8) to hold baby. Psychologists think these expressions of self are important
because in football the players have to be very (9) during the match and it is only
after a goal that they can (10) go and express themselves. This (11) is
usually individual to the player and each player on the team may do something different. (12)
some may run round the pitch getting a lot of applause and approval from their fans,
others will do something in front of the opposing fans in order to show (13) and remind
them who the winner is.
1.
7. A.
A. scores
symbol B.
B. makes
image C. figure
C. wins D. badge
D. hits
2.
8. A. faking
A. festival B. playing
B. anniversary C. putting
C. celebration D. pretending
D. party
3.
9. A.
A. involving
checked B.
B. numbering
controlled C. commanded
C. concerning D. managed
D. containing
4.
10. A.
A. work
let B.
B. act
allow C. make
C. observe D. release
D. perform
5.
11. A.
A. as
operation B.
B. like
education C. behaviour
C. similar D. function
D. instance
6.
12. A.
A. fit
Despite B. strong
B. While C. However
C. athletic D. Since
D. muscular

13. A. around B. up C. out D. off

61 ONLY AT THE MOVIES
 Nowadays (1) effects in films are so sophisticated that we (2) it for
granted that we can create fantasy worlds that look completely real. But that about all the
things that (3) in films that are closer to real life? These are kind of things that we (4)
as true and yet scientist tell us they are not. (5) example, in films about
earthquakes you often see the road splitting in (6) with a big crack, sometimes with
lave coming up from underground. Scientists say this is never the (7) . They say that
in reality a crack would (8) that one side of the road would be higher than other and
there wouldnt be (9) lava, which is only in volcanoes. Or what about movies
where see the hero knocking through the hatch at the top of a lift to (10) _ ? In fact,
lifts hardly ever have ceiling panels these day (11) they are so dangerous. Also, if
there were hatches they would be (12) with a switch to disconnect the power so you
couldnt jump outside while the lift was (13) as it would automatically stop. So even
when it looks real, a lot of what we see in films really is fantasy and not fact
1. A. strange B. odd C. weird D. special
2. A. take B. make C. have D. do
3. A. follow B. tell C. go D. happen
4. A. expect B. accept C. admit D. agree
5. A. Per B. In C. As D. For
6. A. part B. two C. pair D. double
7. A. condition B. occasion C. case D. state
8. A. mean B. involve C. intend D. cause
9. A. some B. none C. any D. no
10. A. escape B. break C. ship D. slip
11. A. hence B. because C. thus D. nevertheless
12. A. adapted B. prepared C. fitted D. shaped
13. A. increasing B. moving C. advancing D. carrying
62 WHATS IN IT FOR ME?
Students and jobseekers keen to get onto the course or into the workplace of their (1)
, hope that voluntary work will help them (2) from the crowd. This chance
to (3) experience personally and professionally is (4) on the wish-list of
young people.
A survey carried out last year revealed that young and old (5) said volunteering
had improved their lives, particularly those (6) in conservation or heritage work.
Businesses recognize its importance and get to (7) their profile in the
community, while staff get a break from their daily routine to develop soft skills,
(8)
initiative and decision-making. One volunteering organization is (9) another
survey to find out if volunteering does make a difference in the workplace, or if it is
something businesses do simply to improve their (10) .
Not (11) are business-sponsored placements becoming more common, the
government is also investing money aiming to (12) volunteers. The push is clearly
on to make volunteering as attractive as possible to everyone. And the more people who
participate, the more the act fulfils its (13) of making the world a better place.
1. A. alternative B. option C. choice D. election
2. A. point out B. lift out C. pick out D. stand out
3. A. gain B. achieve C. collect D. win
4. A. extreme B. sharp C. high D. strong
5. A. similar B. alike C. the same D. too
6. A. committed B. associated C. connected D. involved
7. A. increase B. raise C. arouse D. motivate
8. A. such B. such and such C. such like D. such as
9. A. conducting B. guiding C. governing D. directing
10. A. representation B. image C. look D. figure
11. A. merely B. just C. only D. simply
12. A. recruit B. claim C. bring D. enter
13. A. design B. direction C. mark D. aim
63 SAY NO TO PLASTIC BAGS
 Did you know that on (1) we take home 150 plastic bags annually? In (2)
words, that means a global figure of one million plastic bags taken home every minute.
We are sure youll agree this is a truly shocking statistic.
Plastic bags cannot be simply (3) of along with your domestic rubbish
they can blow of f landfill sites and become highly (4)
litter which can remain in the environment for a number of years. They
are not only an eyesore but they are a (5) to the environment too. For example, plastic
bags almost dammed the Buriganga river in Bangladesh, and they widely (6)
responsible for causing devastating floods there on two separate (7)
.
They also (8) a particular threat to wildlife. More and more (9) dead
turtles and whales are discovered washed up on beaches, killed by swallowing plastic bags.
To marine life, a plastic bag closely (10) a jellyfish.
These are the (11) why you should reuse plastic bags you already have or take a
small rucksack on trips to the supermarket. Why not take (12) now and show how
much you care about the environment by (13) this small step!
1. A. example B. normal C. average D. ratio
2. A. fewer B. some C. those D. other
3. A. thrown B. disposed C. finished D. used
4. A. evident B. observable C. marked D. visible
5. A. risk B. difficulty C. danger D. problem
6. A. held B. shown C. made D. taken
7. A. activities B. occasions C. incidents D. episodes
8. A. pose B. set C. model D. generate
9. A. repeatedly B. frequently C. usually D. generally
10. A. equates B. reminds C. resembles D. appears
11. A. motives B. causes C. sources D. reasons
12. A. action B. advantage C. against D. account
13. A. helping B. taking C. following D. doing
64 NEW HUNT FOR LIFE IN SPACE
 British space scientists are planning to join the Americans (1) the race to find
evidence of life on other planets. Alan Penny and his team at the Rutherford Appleton
Laboratory have (2) a telescope that is 40 times more (3) than Hubble. (4)
as Darwin, this telescope could tell if planets 50 light years away have any (5)
 of life on them. Two day after NASA scientists had shown proof that one of
Jupiters moons could support life, Penny (6) that is telescope may be included in a
European Space Agency mission. The Darwin project, with a (7) of 500 million, is
on a shortlist of two proposals. If approved, it will probably be (8) in around five years
time, its destination somewhere between Mars and Jupiter. The blueprint is actually for live
telescope positioned 50 metres (9) in space, slowly circling a central processing
station. The combined data from these telescopes would (10) a full picture of a
planet, picking out faint images that have never been seen before. Darwin would not be able
to take detailed photographs of the planets it (11) , but Penny believes a second-
generation telescope could be sent up to do this. He claims it is worthwhile mapping the
universe around our own galaxy, even though these planets lie (12) _ our reach for the
moment. The European Space Agency is expected to make a (13) shortly on
whether the Darwin project will go ahead.
1. A. in B. on C. at D. by
2. A. thought B. intended C. drawn D. designed
3. A. powerful B. striking C. forceful D. strong
4. A. Called B. Known C. Considered D. Named
5. A. shape B. race C. kind D. brand
6. A. told B. spoke C. advertised D. announced
7. A. price B. budget C. charge D. schedule
8. A. driven B. fetched C. taken D. launched
9. A. distant B. far C. apart D. away
10. A. save up B. build up C. end up D. put up
11. A. discovers B. searches C. invents D. looks
12. A. out B. toward C. over D. beyond
13. A. conclusion B. verdict C. decision D. view

65 VIRTUAL DOCTORS
Clare Harrison rarely (1) ill and hates going to the doctors when she does.
So when she recently (2) out in a painful rash down one side of her body she
emailed her symptoms, which also included a (3) fever, to e-doc, the Internet medical
service. Two hours later she was diagnosed as having shingles (Herpes Zoster) by her online
doctor, who (4) a special cleansing solution for, the rash and analgesics to help (5)
the pain.
 Health advice is now the second most popular topic that people search for on the
Internet, and online medical (6) is big business. Sites (7) enormously in
what they offer, with services ranging from the equivalent of a medical agony aunt to a live
chat with a doctor via email. They are clearly (8) _ a demand from people who are too
busy or, in some cases, too embarrassed to discuss their medical (9) with their GP.
Dr Ron Zeronis (10) with the idea for e-doc when he (11) a
particularly dangerous from of malaria whilst travelling in a remote part of Africa. With only
very basic medical facilities available, Dr Zeronis resolved there and then to launch his site
and (12) a service for others who found themselves in a similar situation. Not all
practitioners, however, are in favour of sites such as e-doc; many point to the potential
dangers of online medical advice, particularly in the case of more (13) illnesses.
1. A. turns B. stays C. goes D. falls
2. A. passed B. came C. worked D. ran
3. A. small B. concluded C. mild D. calm
4. A. determined B. relieve C. improve D. prescribed
5. A. disappear B. relieve C. improve D. lighten
6. A. consultation B. appointment C. meeting D. attendance
7. A. alter B. distinguish C. change D. vary
8. A. meeting B. serving C. creating D. establishing
9. A. hardship B. story C. complaint D. harm
10. A. came up B. thought over C. got on D. put forward
11. A. received B. gained C. contracted D. acquired
12. A. supply B. provide C. distribute D. deliver
13. A. important B. deathly C. serious D. endangered
66 CHANGING COUNTRIES
(1) a new life and hoping for a significant (2) in their standard of
living, foreign workers began flocking into West Indies and the Indian subcontinent were
welcomed by brass bands, but the dream of a new life soon (3) sour for many.
Attracted by the promise to earn good money and learn new skills, the reality they
found was often one of low wages and, in many (4) , unemployment. Some did not adapt
(5) to life in a country of cold weather, cold welcome and discrimination. The
(6) of West Indian immigrants (7) _ into the inner cities, areas that were
already fraught with social tensions caused by poverty and (8) housing. There were cases
 of often hostility towards the newcomers; in 1958, riots (9) out in Notting Hill, West
London, when gangs of white youths began taunting immigrants.
Yet despite the (10) difficulties they encountered, many foreign workers did
manage to (11) to their new conditions, settling in their new adopted country and
prospering. Their contribution had the effect not only of speeding up the (12) of
economic change in the postwar period, it also (13) Western Europe into a
multiracial society.
1. A. Seeking B. Wishing C. Searching D. Leading
2. A. switch B. variation C. modification D. change
3. A. switched B. converted C. turned D. changed
4. A. cases B. examples C. ways D. occasions
5. A. closely B. greatly C. easily D. normally
6. A. most B. majority C. percentage D. number
7. A. changed B. lived C. arrived D. moved
8. A. low B. poor C. few D. weak
9. A. came B. carried C. broke D. started
10. A. several B. numerous C. high D. heavy
11. A. amend B. alter C. turn D. adjust
12. A. pace B. motion C. growth D. step
13. A. modified B. transferred C. transformed D. shifted
67 CROCODILE FARMS

When Andy Johnson (1) Britains first ever crocodile farm in 2006 he
(2) under fierce criticism from animal rights group, opposed to the factory farming of
wildlife. However, Johnson, who also farms cattle, pigs and lambs, (3) that his
motivation for starting a crocodile farm was for (4) environmental reason. He wants to
protect wild crocodiles from being poached, and he is primarily interested in their meat, not
their skins.
By supplying Europeans with home-produced crocodile, we can (5) the market
value of illegally supplied crocodile meat, he claims
Johnson says the meat has a mild flavour its low fat, high protein, very healthy
and humanely produced. His crocodiles are housed in a tropically heated room the (6)
around 20 by 30 metres, so they have plenty of room. However, Dr Clifford Warwick, a
reptile biologist, (7) concern: their biology and behaviour do not (8) themselves to
 a captive. The animals may seem peaceful and relaxed, but animal behaviourist can see that
they are stressed
In the last century, many species of crocodiles were hunted to the (9) of extinction
an trade in their skins flourished. Some 300,000 Australian saltwater crocodiles were killed
between 1945 and 1973. The alligator suffered a similar (10) , although both species are
now protected and their (11) are slowly rising. Worldwide, the legal trade in crocodilian
skins (crocodiles, alligators and Caymans) has roughly tripled since 1977, rising to a million
or (12) animals by 2003. The majority of these are farmed animals, but upwards of
90,000 are killed annually in the (13)

1. A. put out B. gave off C. set up D. brought about

2. A. put B. went C. met D. came
3. A. ascertains B. insists C. insures D. convinces
4. A. purely B. utterly C. cleanly D. finely
5. A. downsize B. downplay C. undercut D. undergo
6. A. expresses B. gives C. speaks D. arises
7. A. let B. owe C. make D. lend
8. A. frontier B. edge C. side D. line
9. A. luck B. destination C. chance D. fate
10. A. groups B. numbers C. counts D. volumes
11. A. some B. many C. more D. such
12. A. wild B. natural C. savage D. outside
13. A. modified B. transferred C. transformed D. shifted
68 A LACK OF COMMUNICATION
Recent research has (1) that a third of people in Britain have not net their
(2) neighbours, and those who know each other (3) speak. Neighbours gossiping
over garden fences and in the street was a common (4) in the 1950s, say Dr Carl
Chinn, an expert on local communities. Now, however, longer hours spent working at the
office, together with the Internet and satellite television, are eroding neighbourhood (5)
. Poor neighbourhoods once had strong kinship, but now prosperity buys privacy,
said Chinn.
Professor John Locke, a social scientist at Cambridge University, has analysed a
large (6) of surveys. He found that in American and Britain the (7) _ of time spent
in social activity is decreasing. A third of people said they never spoke to their neighbours at
(8) . Andrew Mayer, 25, a strategy consultant, rents a large apartment in west London,
with two flatmates, who our only contact comes via letters (9) to the communal
facilities or complaints that weve not put out our bin bags properly, said Mayer.
The (10) of communities can have serious effect. Concerned at the rise in
burglaries and (11) of vandalism, the police have relaunched crime prevention schemes
such as neighbourhood Watch.(12) on people who live in the same area to (13)
an eye on each others houses and report anything they see which unusual.

1. A. exhibited B. revealed C. displayed D. conducted

2. A. side on B. close up C. next door D. nearside
3. A. roughly B. barely C. nearly D. virtually
4. A. outlook B. view C. sight D. vision
5. A. laces B. joints C. strings D. ties
6. A. number B. amount C. deal D. measure
7. A. deal B. measure C. number D. amount
8. A. all B. once C. least D. most
9. A. concerning B. regarding C. relating D. applying
10. A. breakdown B. breakthrough C. breakout D. breakaway
11. A. shows B. acts C. counts D. works
12. A. asking B. trying C. inviting D. calling
13. A. put B. keep C. hold D. give
69 ON TOP OF THE WORLD
In may 1998, just two years after breaking his back in a parachuting
accident whilst (1) in the army, Bear Grylls became the
youngest Briton to (2) the summit of Mount Everest and return (3)
. He was just 23 years old.
As his back recovered and he regained his (4) Bear decided to leave the army
in order to pursue his lifelong ambition to conquer the highest (5) in the world. A
friend of his was organising an expedition to Everest and Bear asked to (6) . After a
year spent preparing for the climb and (7) sponsorship money, he and his
companions moved out to the Himalayas to (8) up the challenge.
In (9) , Bear spent over 10 weeks on the mountains south-east
face..(10) a whole week at Camp Two simply waiting for the right conditions to make
his attempt on the summit. When he finally made it to the top, he sat for 20 minutes, Just
gazing in wonder at the (11) before him.
The hardest part was still to come though. Every year the number of climbers killed
on Everest increase, with most deaths occurring on the descent. It is (12) surprising
then, that Bear should feel a (13) sense of relief when he eventually got back to base camp.
Three British climbers under 25 have tried to conquer Everest; Bear is the only one to
survive.
1. A. serving B. obeying C. ordering D. assisting
2. A. achieve B. reach C. get D. attain
3. A. alive B. lively C. living D. live
4. A. power B. force C. vigour D. strength
5. A. crest B. crown C. peak D. tip
6. A. link B. unite C. attach D. arousing
7. A. rising B. raising C. arising D. arousing
8. A. put B. rise C. face D. take
9. A. total B. short C. summary D. conclusion
10. A. contained B. comprised C. included D. consisted
11. A. eyesight B. view C. vision D. outlook
12. A. strongly B. equally C. hardly D. rarely
13. A. great B. large C. wide D. full

70 GARBOLOGY

To most people, land fill sites are (1) _ holes in the ground where waste (2)
is buried. To garbologists, however, they provide a valuable (3) of
information about a populations activities in areas such as food consumption and waste
disposal. Garbology is a branch of ethnography, a science which abandons traditional
methods of (4) market research information, such as questionnaires and focus groups,
in favour of (5) observation of people and their habits.
The worlds (6) garbologists, Professor William Rathje, is also an
archaeologist. Archaeologists study past cultures by examining the (7) of objects and
buildings, but the basic principles of archaeology can also applied to the discarded rubbish
of present-day civilizations in order to (8) a better understanding of how people behave
now. As founder and director of the Garbage Project at the University of Arizona, Professor
Rathje has (9) over 30 years of his life to the archaeological study of modern refuse.
 His work is of (10) interest to commerce; companies need to understand the
lives of their consumers in order to create brands which will be of most (11) to them.
Rathjes (12) can help them achieve this. In addition, his analysis of the composition
of landfill sites reveals a greater need not only to recycle more rubbish, but also to (13)
down on the amount of rubbish we produce in the first place.

1. A. easily B. directly C. bluntly D. simply

2. A. selection B. material C. fabric D. product
3. A. spring B. origin C. fountain D. source
4. A. holding B. obtaining C. meeting D. comprising
5. A. near B. tight C. close D. hard
6. A. leading B. heading C. charging D. fronting
7. A. rest B. ruins C. relics D. remains
8. A. gain B. learn C. make D. gather
9. A. conveyed B. apportioned C. devoted D. spent
10. A. great B. large C. high D. deep
11. A. function B. use C. serving D. purpose
12. A. outcomes B. implications C. findings D. derivations
13. A. lower B. get C. bring D. cut
71 DUTCH CHILDREN ENJOY THEIR FREEDOM
Let them be free is the (1) rule for child-rearing in the Netherlands. No
wonder Dutch kids have been (2) Europes most fortunate by recent UNICEF
survey. From a tender age, their opinions are (3) _ , their wishes respected, and there
is no homework until their last year in preparatory school. Some would (4) that the
tendency of Dutch society to encourage infants to experience whatever they please has (5)
a whole generation into spoilt, undisciplined brats. Others say family members are
remarkably (6) with one another, feeling free to say anything, and that the way
parents (7) with their childrens anxieties means that the children are well-adjusted,
which is (8) up by the results of the survey.
Dr Gerrit Breeusma, head of development psychology at the University of Groningen
says the surveys results came as no (9) . Children have always played a very
important role in Holland but there were (10) within families during the Sixties,
usually over matters of discipline and conformity. As a result, the generation growing up at
that time have made sure they (11) on better with their kids, he added.
However, in several Dutch police precincts, such liberalism is not viewed positively.
In an attempt to (12) underage heavy drinking, police have taken to bringing home
teenagers and threatening parents with obligatory attendance at courses on excessive alcohol
problems or hefty fines unless they keep their children under (13) .
1. A. iron B. golden C. solid D. fixed
2. A. rated B. put C. compared D. assessed
3. A. regarded B. recognized C. valued D. measured
4. A. criticize B. argue C. defend D. judge
5. A. resulted B. created C. brought D. turned
6. A. alike B. true C. open D. careful
7. A. empathize B. understand C. analyse D. handle
8. A. shown B. held C. made D. backed
9. A. doubt B. difference C. surprise D. consequence
10. A. conflicts B. beliefs C. decisions D. contradictions
11. A. follow B. get C. carry D. continue
12. A. extinguish B. supervise C. tackle D. dispose
13. A. rule B. limits C. restriction D. control

72 BECHARGE YOUR BATTERIES

Working all year without a holiday is like (1) a car for 12 months without
changing the oil. You might (2) going, but you are probably heading for a
breakdown. Holidays are an easy (3) to recharge your batteries and prepare for the (4)
challenge. But a recent study came up with an interesting (5) - less than a
third of Americans are planning to (6) a holiday this year. Maybe those people who
arent taking a break work for firms that are not holiday-friendly. Its certainly (7)
considering holiday time when you go looking for work, even if it may not be at the (8)
of your list of items to ask about. While many job-seekers may feel very reluctant to
(9) holidays at interviews or during salary negotiations, some younger workers dont
(10) to negotiate extra free time. In fact, many of them negotiate additional weeks of
holiday for a slightly (11) salary. Time off is very important to them. They have
come to (12) it, theyll certainly take it, and they dont really (13) whether it
offends their boss or not.
1.
5. A. driving
A. response B.
B. travelling
finding C.
C. riding
consequence D.
D. going
information
2.
6. A. persevere
A. go B.
B. continue
make C.
C. keep
take D.
D. carry
get
3. A. way B. method C. possibility D. choice
4. A. second B. near C. close D. next
 7. A. worth B. good C. useful D. fine
8. A. height B. first C. peak D. top
9. A. talk B. mention C. remark D. comment
10. A. hesitate B. mind C. wait D. worry
11. A. less B. fewer C. lower D. minor
12. A. hope B. expect C. count D. wait
13. A. think B. bother C. fear D. care
73 LOST LUGGAGE
You get off your plane and (1) your way to Baggage Reclaim area, where you
locate the carousel for your flight and wait patiently for your luggage. After quite some time
spent waiting, there is no (2) of your bags and you begin to consider the possibility
that they may have gone (3) . What should you do?
Firstly, dont panic. The most likely (4) is that your bags simply didnt make it
onto the flight, perhaps because they were mislaid at the departure airport, or perhaps because
the aircraft had already (5) its weight allowance. If they (6) to appear on
the carousel, report the loss before you leave the baggage hall and go through customs. (7)
your luggage should be no problem, provide youve kept (8) of your baggage
checks those little barcodes stuck to the back of your tickets at check-in.
Go to the handling agents desk and (9) a Property Irregularity (PIR) form,
which describes the check bag and its (10) . Then, ask the baggage services manager for a
contact telephone number and confirm that your bags will be forwarded to your final (11)
.
Most bags (12) up within a day or two, but if yours never show (and it may be
weeks before the airline accepts that they are permanently lost), you can claim (13)
from the airline.
1.
7. A. go
A. Retracing B.
B. get
Retaining C. Recovering
C. walk D. Reinstating
D. make
2.
8. A. hold
A. sign B. control
B. indication C. property
C. notice D. hand
D. mark
3.
9. A. lost out
A. carry B.
B. misplaced
fulfil C. complete
C. absent D. realize
D. missing
4.
10. A. example
A. contents B.
B. explanation
inside C. filling
C. clarification D. packing
D. understanding
5.
11. A. surpassed
A. destiny B.
B. overtaken
destination C. termination
C. outdone D. terminus
D. exceeded
6.
12. A. lack
A. come B.
B. fail
bring C. turn
C. avoid D. put
D. omit

13. A. refund B. reparation C. amendment D. compensation

74 SLEEP
 By the time we (1) old age most of us have (2) twenty years
sleeping. Yet nobody knows why me do it. Most scientists believe that by resting our bodies,
we allow time for (3) maintenance work to be done. Any (4) that there is can
be put right more quickly if energy isnt being used up doing other things. Sleep is controlled
by certain chemicals. These build up during the day, eventually reaching (5) that
cause tiredness. We can control the effects of these chemicals to some extent. Caffeine helps
to (6) us make while alcohol and some medicines make us sleepy.
By using electrodes, scientists are able to (7) what goes on in peoples heads
while they sleep. They have (8) that when we first drop off everything slows down.
The heart (9) more slowly, and out breathing becomes shallow. After about ninety
minutes us eyes start to twitch, and we go into what is (10) REM (Rapid Eye
Movement) sleep which is a (11) that weve started to dream. You have dreams
every night while others seem to (12) on a lot less. One thing is (13) - we all
need some sleep. Going without it can have some very strange effects.
1.
12. A.
A. arrive
manage B.
B. become
need C.
C. reach
get D. deal
D. get
2.
13. A.
A. passed
fixed B.
B. used
decided C.
C. occupied
confident D. certain
D. spent
3.
75 A. essential B. elementary
THE NEW WAY TO BURN C. needed
FAT D. main
4. A.People
harm who want to lose
B. weight
suffering
are being (1)C. damage D. hurt
a starting new way to burn fat.
5. A. peaks B. levels C. positions D. heights
Would-be slimmers are flocking to spa in Hong Kong that (2) to reduce their
6. A. stay B. maintain C. make D. keep
waistlines by smearing them with Chinese herbs, dousing them with alcohol and then (3)
7. A. exhibit B. study C. work D. think
light to them, all for 78 a session. The spa claims and helping the body to absorb the
8. A. seen B. research C. watched D. discovered
herbal concoction which works to detoxify the body and (5) down fat. It boasts that the
9. A. beats B. hits C. moves D. trembles
results are (6) , with customers recording losses of up to 15 centimetres of fat after the
10. A. known B. called C. named D. labelled
first session.
11. A. clue B. proof C. carry D. signal
Karen Chu, owner of The of Life Heading Spa in Hong Kongs busy Causeway Bay
district, says that about 100 customers have successfully (7) the treatment, and
there have been no (8) . About half the customers come here for the Aqua-Fire
treatment, she said. It is (9) safe. You are (10) from the flame by wet
towels. We have never had any complaints or problems. In Asia, people are more (11)
to the idea of fire. If a customer is really afraid we dont go (12) . Ms Chu
claims the fire treatment also boosts the immune system, relieves stress, cleanses the skin and
(13) muscular pains and stomach problems.

1. A. proposed B. suggested C. offered D. advanced

2. A. predicts B. assures C. considers D. promises
3. A. making B. setting C. holding D. giving
4. A. soaking B. bitter C. forced D. intense
5. A. bring B. take C. break D. work
6. A. immediate B. early C. straight D. rushed
7. A. undercut B. undergone C. underused D. undertaken
8. A. casualties B. damages C. warnings D. cautions
9. A. strongly B. perfectly C. fiercely D. deeply
10. A. prevented B. kept C. protected D. stopped
11. A. familiar B. acceptable C. prepared D. open
12. A. ahead B. through C. forward D. along
13. A. disappears B. eases C. lightens D. recovers
76 READY MEAL CAPITAL OF EUROPE
 In recent years, ready-made meals have (1) Britains eating (2) Britons
now spend four times as (3) as the Italians on ready-made meals and six times more
than the Spanish. Demand for instant meals has increased across Europe as a (4) , but why
has Britain become the (5) European capital of ready- made food, second only in the
world to America?
Convenience is (6) of the attraction. A recent survey (7) that 77
percent of purchasers said they only bought ready meals when they did not have time to
cook. Dr Susan Jebb, head of nutrition at the Medical Research Council, said: People in
the UK work the (8) hours, we are very time-poor, and we dont have strong
cultural history of cooking.
The ready-made meal boom also reflects changing social (9) in Britain.
More people live alone and so are less likely to be (10) to cook. And with
families eating together less often, ready meals allow people to eat what they want when they
want. Julia Michna, of Mark and Spencer, says that ready meals also reflect changing (11)
in food. Britains multiculturalism has brought a (12) range of restaurants
than other European countries, and ethnic cuisines, which people are often scared of cooking
from scratch, are (13) more popular. One quarter of chilled meals are Indian, and
nearly one in five is Chinese.
1. A. transformed B. adjusted C. transferred D. amended
2. A. ways B. forms C. terms D. habits
3. A. much B. same C. equal D. more
4. A. conclusion B. whole C. sum D. total
5. A. unclaimed B. unclassified C. undisputed D. undefeated
6. A. element B. piece C. share D. part
7. A. made B. found C. put D.gave
8. A. hardest B. largest C. widest D. longest
9. A. strongly B. perfectly C. fiercely D. deeply
10. A. drifts B. flows C. trends D. movements
11. A. convinced B. bothered C. worried D. disturbed
12. A. longer B. deeper C. harder D. wider
13. A. very B. quite C. far D. such
77 COMIC RELIEF
Comic Relief is a charitable organisation (1) in London. It was set (2)
by comedians in 1985 in response to the famine in Ethiopia, and uses comedy and
laughter to (3) serious messages across. Since then (4) two thousand celebrities
have given their time and talent to Comic Relief, helping to raise over 300 million to date.
Every two years, Comic Relief organizes a nationwide fundraising event (5)
Red Nose Day. Its usually on a Friday in March. On Red Nose Day everyone in the
country is encouraged to put on a red nose and do something silly to raise money (6)
charity. In an event that unites the country, people from all walks of life do their bit for poor
and under-privileged people in the UK and Africa.
In schools, uniforms are replaced by fancy (7) ; in offices across the
nation, assistants (8) over from their bosses for the day. Every contribution is
important, whether it is standing in the street (9) money from passer-by, or taking
(10) in a sponsored event like sitting in a bathtub full of baked beans for twenty-
four hours, or not talking for a (11) day.
The event is televised in the evening, when the combination on their credit cards
over the phone or (13) the Internet to those less fortunate than themselves.
1. A. established B. stationed C. constructed D. based
2. A. on B. up C. out D. off
3. A. have B. do C. make D. get
4. A. more B. plus C. over D. additional
5. A. known B. called C. named D. described
6. A. for B. to C. towards D. on
7. A. clothes B. wear C. dress D. costume
8. A. make B. take C. do D. get
9. A. gathering B. earning C. asking D. collecting
10. A. part B. place C. participation D. involvement

11. A. total B. all C. whole D. full

12. A. viewers B. spectators C. audience D. observers
13. A. by B. across C. on D. through
78 NEAR MISSES
 The skies around the worlds airports are becoming more and more (1) . One
result of this is that the number of incidents of near-misses, where two aircraft almost crash
into each other, seems to be (2) . Ministry of Transport officials are (3) studying a
report of one near-miss at Heathrow Airport, when a jumbo jet flew so low over houses that
eye-witnesses could (4) _ the terrified expressions on the passengers faces!
The pilot of the plane which so (5) crashed remained calm and so managed to
(6) what could have been a disaster. One of the planes four engines stopped just after the
jumbo jet had taken off. Air traffic controllers received an emergency call and then saw the
jumbo disappear. Everyone thought a crash was inevitable.
(7) the pilot had put the three working engines on (8) speed in order to get high
enough to drop most of the planes (9) load of fuel. This (10) him
to reach a safe height. Due to other incoming flights, however, it was a further thirty
minutes before the pilot received (11) it still remains a (13)
that it is safer to fly than to cross the road. But for how much longer will this
1. remain true?
A. crowded B. full C. packed D. filled
2. A. spreading B. raising C. developing D. increasing
3. A. momentarily B. actually C. currently D. nowadays
4. A. see B. watch C. notice D. realise
5. A. almost B. about C. nearly D. closely
6. A. avoid B. pass C. miss D. escape
7. A. Indeed B. Really C. Definitely D. Actually
8. A. total B. full C. top D. complete
9. A. weighty B. strong C. heavy D. hard
10. A. let B. enabled C. managed D. made
11. A. allowance B. permit C. approval D. permission
12. A. normal B. common C. ordinary D. general
13. A. proof B. evidence C. fact D. truth
79 PICK YOUR OWN

Have you ever passed an English farm (1) the sign, Pick your own, and
wondered what it meant? Tessa Simon became intrigued after seeing such a sign outside a
local farm five years ago, and went to (2) . She was delighted to discover that
members of the public were (3) to go and pick fruit and vegetables from the fields
for themselves and pay accordingly.
 Tessa (4) her first visit during the month of June when her favourite fruit, the
strawberry, was in season. She (5) the hundreds of other people, including small
children with their parents, in (6) of the ripest, juiciest strawberries. In her enthusiasm,
she quickly picked (7) than she could carry, succeeding in filling five carries bags!
(8) she went to get the bags weighed in the farm shop, she was charged less than any
supermarket would charge.
Nowadays, Tessa is (9) _ skilled at picking her own fruit and vegetables. She has
the peak seasons for each fruit and vegetable (10) on her calendar. She then heads
for farm with her containers and some snacks to (11) her energy up, and she always
gets an early start to ensure she doesnt (12) up to an empty field! It is possible to buy
freshly picked goods from the farm shop, but Tessa enjoys the satisfaction of (13)
out the products herself before taking them home to make some lovely home-cooked dishes.
1. A. showing B. presenting C. displaying D. demonstrating
2. A. examine B. study C. inspect D. investigate
3. A. received B. accepted C. permitted D. let
4. A. made B. constructed C. formed D. completed
5. A. connected B. united C. joined D. attached
6. A. look B. search C. hunt D. chase
7. A. more B. much C. lot D. many
8. A. While B. Although C. As D. When
9. A. very B. much C. lot D. too
10. A. stained B. printed C. exhibited D. marked
11. A. maintain B. keep C. uphold D. sustain
12. A. arrive B. travel C. lead D. turn
13. A. selecting B. picking C. choosing D. deciding

80 DUBAI, THE CITY OF GOLD

Situated on the coast of the Persian Gulf, Dubai is one of the seven countries that
today make up the United Arab Emirates. The capital, also named Dubai, we (1) at
th
the beginning of the 19 century, and, because of its (2) location, it rapidly became
popular with foreign tradesmen, many of whom eventually (3) in the city.
 Today, Dubai is a modern, thriving city attracting an increasing (4) of tourist. If
has been said that it is the fastest growing city in the world, with a (n) (11) 800 people
setting up home here every day! Some of the more remarkable developments (12) the
 palm peninsulas being constructed just off the coast and the planned underwater hotel. It
really is a futuristic city that will (13) your breath away.
1. A. invented B. founded C. devised D. discovered
2. A. major B. first C. prime D. super
3. A. matured B. settled C. developed D. established
4. A. total B. amount C. number D. sum
5. A. achieve B. make C. realise D. reach
6. A. enough B. lot C. plenty D. sufficient
7. A. across B. behind C. below D. around
8. A. experience B. occurrence C. event D. incident
9. A. contract B. bicker C. quarrel D. haggle
10. A. striking B. dealing C. selling D. trading
11. A. evaluated B. estimated C. counted D. measure
12. A. include B. contain C. enclose D. surround
13. A. grasp B. take C. snatch D. pull
81 SWAMP MAN

Daniel Hooper was (1) into a respectable, middle-class family in Berkshire.

Who would have thought that this well-heeled child would (2) as Britains most
important environmental activist?! Daniel (also known as Swampy) became a (3)
hero during the mid 1990s. Swampy and his fellow campaigners were concerned that the
(4)
of a major road, in the tow of Newbury, would damage local ecosystems and have a
(5) negative effect on the environment.
The activists thought that it was time that people (6) for the rights of plants
and animals, so they (7) that they wouldnt move from the area until the development
was cancelled. However, the builders were (8) to do their job. Swampy could have
given in, but (9) he felt it was time for drastic action and dug an underground tunnel,
while his band of men lived in tree houses. As a (10) , the builders were unable to
continue.
(11) , the protester was pulled out of his hiding place. The self-styled eco- warrior
may have lost the battle, but he (12) won the war. The builders had to
promise to keep the wildlife in the area safe and the government said that all future road
projects would be designed so as to do more to project the environment-a (13) change
of policy. It just goes to show what a little peaceful protest can do!

1. A. born B. raised C. reared D. developed

2. A. become B. emerge C. appear D. occur
3. A. national B. public C. social D. general
4. A. making B. production C. composition D. construction
5. A. deep B. wide C. strong D. high
6. A. got in B. stepped back C. held back D. stood up
7. A. judged B. decided C. assessed D. concluded
8. A. firm B. set C. fixed D. determined
9. A. instead B. otherwise C. anyway D. likewise
10. A. conclusion B. fact C. result D. product
11. A. Lastly B. Eventually C. Already D. Sometime
12. A. likely B. firmly C. definitely D. securely
13. A. complete B. full C. thorough D. whole
82 CYBER CRIME
There are a lot of (1) names for it: Internet crime, cyber crime, e-crime and
hi-tech cream, but it all (2) to the same thing- crimes committed online. Internet
crime is a serious problem which has severe consequences in (3) _ human and
economic terms and worryingly it is on the (4) . Tragically, in recent years, the
number of people charged with Internet child indecency offences has reached record (5)
. Not only that, according to the Association for Payment Clearing Services, in
2004, card fraud over the Internet cost the UK 121 million. So, you may (7) ask,
what is being done about it?
Well, the good news is that every police force in the UK now has its own computer
crime unit. Crime-specific initiatives have also been introduced to (8) particular
crimes. For example, there is now a Centre for Child Production on the Internet which not
only (9) investigations but also provides support for victims and information for
parents. What is more, it also acts as a (10) of reporting any incidents where
children have been targeted online. In terms of Internet fraud, viruses and hacking, there have
been (11) efforts to educate consumers and businesses on how to protect
themselves. Finally, it is now illegal for firms in the UK to send unsolicited messages, also
(12) as junk email or spam, to personal email accounts or to hide the identity of the sender.
Hopefully, these positive actions as well as a(n) (13) awareness of the
dangers will help to successfully defeat cyber crime.
 1. A. various B. unusual C. assorted D. different
2. A. adds B. amounts C. totals D. sums
3. A. two B. either C. neither D. both
4. A. advance B. increase C. upturn D. top
5. A. degrees B. amount C. levels D. stages
6. A. impact B. impression C. contact D. influence
7. A. best B. good C. better D. well
8. A. combat B. attack C. hit D. well
9. A. works B. does C. conducts D. carries
10. A. means B. mode C. method D. manner
11. A. acute B. intensive C. extreme D. severe
12. A. famous B. name C. called D. known
13. A. risen B. raised C. increased D. elevated
83 TURN TRASH INTO TREASURE The facts
The mount of household waste produced annually are on the (1) . As a result,
(2) of such large amounts is rapidly becoming a serious (3) we have to
address.
How to recycle with difference
Our recycling for art programme Turning trash into treasures is (4) one
way of tackling this problem. This is a great way of (5) original works of art such as
mosaics and collages, which are not expensive to make. Projects may vary from area to area,
but everyone is eligible to (6) .
Why recycle?
Recycling has many advantages, such as (7) down on landfill space and
limiting environmental (8) . This leads to a reduction both in energy use and in
pollution (9) , but it can also encourage people to be creative. Paper, magazines and
broken pottery and glass can all be recycled. Our main (10) in recycling materials
like these is that they can be (11) into exciting new creations.
FURTHER INFORMATION
Our website will keep you (12) of the progress of our new and exciting (13)
.
1. A. lift B. increase C. raise D. multiply
2. A. disposing B. discarding C. distributing D. dumping
3. A. disagreement B. trouble C. problem D. dispute
 4. A. immediately B. currently C. instantly D. directly
5. A. renovating B. erecting C. fixing D. producing
6. A. share B. assist C. participate D. enter
7. A. cutting B. bearing C. holding D. backing
8. A. loss B. suffering C. injury D. damage
9. A. layers B. grades C. levels D. stages
10. A. aim B. course C. attempt D. direction
11. A. transmitted B. transformed C. translated D. transported
12. A. communicated B. acquainted C. instructed D. informed
13. A. affair B. speculation C. venture D. offer
84 TATOO OR NOT .?
Tattoos are not a recent invention. Centuries ago, rich people were really keen to have
(1) . Then the craze for this kind of body (2) died out. Nowadays, tattoos (3)
become trendy again. David Beckham and Jennifer Aniston are just two of the
celebrities (4) have them. If you are (5) of getting a tattoo, here is some advice.
First, (6) sure that you are old enough. In some countries you have to be (7)
least eighteen years old to get a tattoo. The next thing you (8) do is look for a
reputable tattoo artist. Make sure (9) in his room is clean and sterile, including the needles
and other equipment. You could get a serious skin (10) if the needles are dirty. Then
stop and think. The tattoo artist will inject ink deep into your skin. It may feel extremely (11)
or if youre lucky, just uncomfortable. Tattoos are permanent (12) you
cant change your mind after its done. Be sure you wont (13) up regretting the decision.
1.
10. A.
A. them
infection B.
B. that
illness C.
C. this
injection D.
D. itwound
2.
11. A.
A. ornament
hurtful B.
B. jewellery
tearful C.
C. decoration
painful D. piercing
D. harmful
3.
12. A.
A. have
although B.
B. isso C.
C. will
because D.
D. had
as
4.
13. A.
A. whom
keep B.
B. which
come C.
C. that
give D.
D. who
end
5.
85 A. considering B. thinking
BODY ART C. meaning D. wanting
6. A.Body
take art isnt new. The
B.(1)
do EgyptiansC.used
make D. say their
black kohl o highlight
7.
eyes. A. at we employ face tans,
Today B. inhair dyes and make-up.
C. on It seems that decorating
D. by our
8.
bodiesA.(2)
ought B. would C. wont D. should
9. A. us
nobody B. everything
feel better about ourselves. C. everyone
It gets us noticed, too! D. something

Tattoos and body piercing are more controversial, (3) theyve been around
for ages. Archaeologists have found body ornaments in Inca burial grounds in South
America,
 (4) tattoos were found on the bodies of Egyptian mummies!
Body piercing is considered cool and trendy at (5) . But people with tongue
and nose piercing can look aggressive, (6) often worries older people, especially parents,
teachers and employers! Your parents views (7) , as you need their permission to
get holes put in you. (8) theyre happy with the idea, its advisable to check with
teachers or employers as well. You need them o your side if you want to study and to get a
job!
But is it worth all this trouble? Dan Wilson doesnt think so. When he had his tongue
pierced, it took six whole months to (9) ! I couldnt eat (10) except runny
food for the first week, so I was starving hungry, he explains. Then I got an infection in
my tongue. It was so (11) ! If Id known about the risks, Id known about the risks, Id
never have gone ahead with it all.
Having a piercing is at best uncomfortable, at worst pure agony! Whats more, youre
stuck with it for (12) . You dont want to end up (13) what you did when you
were younger. If you have any doubts, dont do it!
1.
9. A.
A. old
mend B.
B. primitive
cure C.
C. elderly
heal D.
D. ancient
restore
2.
10. A.
A. makes
anything B.
B. allows
nothing C.
C. permits
none D.
D. anables
something
3.
11. A.
A. given
hurtful B.
B. however
painful C.
C. because
injurious D.
D. although
harmful
4.
12. A.
A. also
living B.
B. while
alive C.
C. since
life D.
D. furthermore
live
5.
13. A.
A. last
deploring B.
B. once
upsetting C.
C. least
grieving D.
D. present
regretting
6.
86 A. this B. whichONLINE
DOGS C. that D. who
7. A.Every
mind day millions (1)B.
_ signify C. matter
people sit at home and (2) theirD.computers.
weigh At
8.
some A. Assuming
point, most of them willB.(3)Dependingonline. Some
C. Unless
people (4) _D.the
Accepting
internet for
specific
1. A. information.
on Others (5)
B. in newspaper articles
C. of or recipes for meals.
D. andMany
accessA.the
2. internet
plug in in (6) _ to B.
chat
settoupfriends or make newoff
C. turn ones. Teenagers
D.used to (7)
switch on
3. A. goon mobile phones to
B.contact
do people. Not any more! Now they goD.toput
C. come online (8)
4. A.
likelook
Bebo, MySape and B. see
Facebook. C.example,
On Bebo, for search (9) D. view
can upload
5.
music, A. record
videos B. download
and photos onto their personal webpaes,C.press
opena button, and send
D. enter
them to their
6. A.Facebook
friends. hope provides freeB.(10)
effort so you can write
C. case D.its
your own music. But order
not just
7. A.(11)
humans ring B. rely
have their own websites. DogsC.who
callswant to (12) D. utilise
to each other
8.
online A. spacestheir owners canB.log
through areas C. screens
on to Dogster. Hundreds D. sites
of dogs have (13) their
9. A.and
pictures users
diaries posted thereB.already!
makers C. liners D. doers
10. A. hardware B. software C. ironware D. glassware
11. A. which B. they C. who D. that
12. A. chat B. discuss C. speak D. debate
13. A. been B. had C. made D. sent
87 BRANDING
Companies started branding products (1) in the 1800s. there were very (2)
laws to regulate manufacturing in those days so there were plenty of dangerous
products (3) sale, including fake medicines! Reputable companies (4) started
branding their own goods to show they were safe and of good quality. In order to (5)
these brands successfully, the companies turned to advertising. They discovered that good
advertising can influence sales in (6) big way. Of course commercial advertising is big
business (7) . And it is everywhere! (8) on the TV, or go to the movies, and
youll see ads for nearly everything. Sometimes you character played by Tom Crusie owns a
phone on (10) the Nokia logo is clearly displayed, (11) his watch is engraved
with the Bulgari logo, so you have no doubt about the make. Similarly, in the Bond film
Casino Royale, the vehicles James Bond drives and the gadgets he uses have clear brand (12)
. Hidden advertising (13) this is very effective.
1. A. long B. far C. back D. way
2. A. a few B. a lot C. lots D. few
3. A. in B. on C. at D. by
4. A. so B. however C. although D. therefore
5. A. show B. compete C. market D. appeal
6. A. a B. the C. this D. some
7. A. presently B. nowadays C. recently D. lately
8. A. Switch B. Log C. Push D. Press
9. A. having B. being C. getting D. making
10. A. that B. whom C. which D. where
11. A. which B. they C. who D. that
12. A. names B. signs C. titles D. signatures
13. A. same B. like C. as D. alike
88 ANYBODY CAN BE ON MYSPACE.COM
One of the easiest and best (1) to make a global network of friends is to create
your own webpage on MySpace.com. in little more than a couple of years, MySpace.com has
(2) from nothing to being a website which no self-respecting teenager can (3) .
MySpace is a (4) -to-use site that enables anyone to have their own homepage
for free, (5) their likes, dislikes, favourite bands, top books, best movies and general
interests, and hook up with other like-minded people. Dont worry (6) you know
nothing about computers, as you can get your webpage built by someone else! Do you want
to have your favourite songs featured on the site? Then there are other support websites that
will do this for you. They (7) all kinds of things such as girl or boy layouts, cartoons
and animated graphics. So, you can have your profile set up by professional designers by
using these support sites. These other sites (9) their money from advertising. The
great thing about MySpace is that it is a safe way of staying in (10) _ and making
friends without giving (11) any personal information, such as your email address. You
should never (12) out your address or phone number when you are communicating
online. You can also arrange to get your webpage (13) so you dont have your ideas
copied! So, if you want to make friends, get your webpage now!
1. A. way B. courses C. paths D. tracks
2. A. enlarged B. promoted C. gained D. gone
3. A. ignore B. leave C. notice D. pass
4. A. clear B. simple C. plain D. straight
5. A. writing B. filing C. listing D. enrolling
6. A. whether B. as C. though D. if
7. A. advance B. offer C. present D. show
8. A. dealers B. operators C. players D. users
9. A. do B. have C. make D. form
10. A. connection B. touch C. link D. union
11. A. away B. in C. off D. over
12. A. stand B. bring C. let D. give
13. A. preserved B. covered C. protected D. defended
89 LIVE EARTH

Recently, organisers (1) on a huge concert called Live Earth. They wanted to
make everyone more aware of the dangers of (2) change. The event consisted of (3)
series of concerts staged in seven continents around the world. The concerts needed
to be environmentally-friendly, so the organisers used biofuels to power the lights (4)
used recycled car tyres to make the stage. They (5) provided recycling containers for
people to dump their empty drinks cans in. Over 100 musicians and celebrities took part in
the (6) shows. They urged fans to take action against global (7) _ by
demanding more renewable energy, and by helping to (8) the rainforest. They
explained that the Earth is under (9) but stress that its not too late to change things as
long (10) we all act now. Together we can (11) a big difference. Superstar
Madonna closed the London show and gave a great (12) . Lets hope the concerts
 that are happening around the world are not just about entertainment, but about starting a
revolution, she told the (13) , who cheered and applauded in their thousands.
1. A. gave B. went C. played D. put
2. A. weather B. climate C. planet D. temperature
3. A. few B. some C. the D. a
4. A. but B. although C. and D. because
5. A. thus B. also C. consequently D. therefore
6. A. live B. living C. life D. alive
7. A. heating B. burning C. warming D. changing
8. A. conserve B. aid C. rescue D. reserve
9. A. problem B. difficulty C. threat D. danger
10. A. as B. if C. so D. when
11. A. do B. bring C. make D. cause
12. A. act B. performance C. contest D. appearance
13. A. been B. had C. made D. sent

90 SHOULD SHE GIVE HIM A SECOND CHANCE?

Lauren has a boyfriend called Paul. But last week she (1) out she wasnt
the only girl in his life! A friend told her shed seen Paul going (2) a cinema with
another girl, when he should have been at home studying. Later, the friend had (3)
across Paul and the same girl eating together in a pizza parlour. When Lauren asked Paul
about it, he tried to (4) _ it. Then he claimed hed only invited the girl out for (5)
dare. He said Lauren neednt have worried (6) he didnt really like the other girl at all.
He (7) and promised hed never see her again. Lauren (8) _ really upset. She
and Paul had a terrible row but in the end they (9) up. Laurens friends believe shes
(10) a big mistake. They think she ought never to have forgiven him. Having let her
(11) once, they say, he could do it again. Besides, he could have been dating the the other
girl for weeks, (12) anyone knowing. Should Lauren give Paul another chance?
Or should she find someone new (13) will treat better? What do you think?
1.
6. A.
A. found
although B.
B. made
because C.
C. discovered
while D.
D. worked
however
2.
7. A. blamed
A. out B. regretted
B. into C. admitted
C. round D.
D. in
apologised
3.
8. A.
A. got
had B.
B. met
was C.
C. come
has D.
D. seen
is
4.
9. A.
A. deny
had B.
B. refuse
did C.
C. ignore
made D.
D. discredit
spoke
5. A. the B. that C. this D. a
 10. A. had B. made C. done D. committed
11. A. up B. through C. under D. down
12. A. without B. besides C. before D. instead
13. A. whose B. while C. who D. which
90 STUDY FASHION DESIGN!
Do you have a passion for fashion? Are you (1) with design? Our fashion
designer course has been specially created for you. We offer fantastic (2) for design
set in the heart of the city and a large (3) of our past students now work for top
fashion houses. Our course offers a unique (4) to equip you with all the knowledge and
skills that any budding fashion designer needs. It has been created by experts (5) have
real experience in the world of fashion. You can (6) for the course three time a year.
We have simple (7) process where we ask you to show us some of your designs. Over
three years you will study various subjects such as design theory and the history of fashion,
but we will also give you plenty of practice in creating your own designs. Every term we will
(8) you and give you feedback on how you have done. Your final (9) is
based on a special project which we ask you to complete and (10) in during your final
term. Each year we also present a(n) (11) _ to the student who we feel has (12)
the greatest progress. Furthermore, when you (13) we will help you find a job.
1.
12. A.
A. taken
done B.
B. controlled
made C.
C. obsessed
got D. had
D. caught
2.
13. A.
A. supplies
graduate B.
B. facilities
pass C.
C. places
complete D. certify
D. purposes
3.
92 A. number B. deal A GAP YEAR C. part D. volume
4. A.Over
list (1) B. subject
decades, C. outline
it has become trendy for (2) D. syllabus
who are between
5.
schoolA.and
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university to take aB.year
who(3) C. where Some go on long
from studying. D. whose
train (4)
6. A.round
enter Europe. Others B. go sign
further, backpackingC.or
record D. register
hitchhiking to countries (5)
7.
Thailand A.orchoice B. picking C. selection
or convenient. The D. sorting
1. A. onIndia. Cheap travel B. isnt
in always comfortableC. of kind
D. and of hostels
8. A. estimate
backpackers have B. rate C. it
judge D.
to assess
2. A. plug in to stay at arent always
B. set up (6) and may
C. turn offbe necessaryD. (7)
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9. spiders
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3. A. go B.using
do C. come visit
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meet and take
(8) C. hand
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fun. Of course, school-leavers who
4. A. look B. see C. search D. view
11. a conscience
have A. award want to give B. trophy
back C. gift
to the countries they visit, (9) D. order
is why todays
5. A. record B. download C. open D. enter
backpackers
6. A. hopeoften take part in aB.volunteer
effort project along C.the
caseway. For a fee, travel companies
D. order
will
7. arrange (10)
A. ring student to work on a turtle conservation
B. rely C. calls project, for
D. example,
utilise or to
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8. English in poor villages. However,
A. spaces B. areas some expertsC.see all this as a (11) D. sites of time.
screens
They
9. say
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users (12)
B. makers areC.
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travel companies. D.
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doersanyone
taking
10. aA.gap year needs to thinkB.
hardware about these matters very
software carefully before they
C. ironware D.(13) off.
glassware
11. A. which B. they C. who D. that
12. A. chat B. discuss C. speak D. debate
13. A. been B. had C. made D. sent
93 I HATE SHOPPING!
Last weekend a friend of mine invited me to go shopping with him. I hate shopping,
but I needed to get a present for my mum, so he offered to help me and persuaded me that we
 would have a (1) . We went into a big (2) store, which was having a special
(3) , so I was hoping to pick up a (4) . My friend found this great T-shirt for
my mum it was the only one they had (5) _! I wasnt sure if I was the right size. So,
as Im the same size as her, I decided (6) it on and went along to the (7)
rooms. I noticed this strange woman following me as I came out and (8) she was hoping
to get the T-shirt if I didnt want it. I continued browsing (9) the store and found a
couple of small things I needed. Then I went to the (10) to pay but my friend was talking to
me, so I forgot I had the T-shirt (11) in my bag. As I left the shop, the strange
woman (12) to me and insisted that I had stolen the T-shirt. She was the store
detective, not a customer! I apologized for forgetting to pay for it but the situation was very
embarrassing and convinced me that shopping is (13) awful!
1. A. laugh B. play C. fun D. diversion
2. A. combined B. chain C. associate D. link
3. A. promotion B. marketing C. trading D. publicity
4. A. deduction B. deal C. giveaway D. bargain
5. A. extra B. behind C. left D. over
6. A. pull B. keep C. take D. try
7. A. clothing B. fitting C. dressing D. trying
8. A. conceived B. considered C. assumed D. accepted
9. A. around B. into C. among D. over
10. A. service B. reception C. counter D. drawer
11. A. crushed B. stuffed C. packed D. pushed
12. A. came up B. followed C. rushed round D. ran on
13. A. greatly B. honestly C. very D. truly
94 DESIGNER FAKES

Have you ever bought something by one of your favourite fashion designers from a
market or street (1) ? A pair of Diesel jeans? A Hilfiger handbag? The (2)
Nike trainers? Beware because many of the fashion items sold on streets are fakes. This
kind of selling is (3) and, if you buy these fakes, you can be (4) .
If you are found (5) then dont expect to be (6) off the fashion
companies always prosecute. The fashion industry is really trying to stop these copies being
sold. They are worried that the fakes are starting to make their (7) look cheap. Many of
the big companies know that the (8) of their products is that they are (9) and the
 fake market is spoiling this. People see the designer (10) and dont care if it is an
original or not. They are happy to get a status (11) on the cheap. But beware before
you show (12) your new jeans to your friends. The fakes may look good, but they
can fall apart after a short time. And they may end up being more expensive than originals if
you have to pay a (13) for buying fake goods!
1. A. supplier B. agent C. representative D. trader
2. A. recent B. latest C. late D. fresh
3. A. lawless B. wicked C. outlawed D. illegal
4. A. taken B. arrested C. trapped D. captured
5. A. wrong B. criminal C. guilty D. charged
6. A. let B. made C. called D. allowed
7. A. stamps B. signs C. brands D. marks
8. A. appeal B. attention C. notice D. interest
9. A. complete B. choice C. exclusive D. absolute
10. A. label B. token C. badge D. sticker
11. A. figure B. symbol C. logo D. image
12. A. up B. round C. through D. off
13. A. fine B. receipt C. charge D. bill

14.

95 TEEN SPENDING
A large-scale (1) has been done by advertisers on the spending (2) of
todays teenagers. It has (3) with some fascinating results. Girls across Europe ranging
in age from 15 to 18 were interviewed. The researchers (4) that these girls want to be
successful and sophisticated and are willing to spend to (5) the look they want when
they have the money, that is!
Feeling confident is the most important factor when it (6) to buying clothes.
Another interesting (7) _ of information coming out of the study is that German teenagers
(8) clothes that are practical and comfortable, while British and French teenagers are
more (9) about appearance, although they all agreed that the clothes should (10)
them properly.
 All the girls who were interviewed (11) for clothes regularly, half of them
buying something from a department store or a large clothes shop at least once a month. They
also see it as a (12) _ activity and going round the shops with their friends is the main
way they learn what the (13) trends are.
1. A. research B. study C. question D. search
2. A. habits B. actions C. customs D. methods
3. A. turned out B. gone down C. come up D. brought out
4. A. created B. discovered C. invented D. portrayed
5. A. reach B. succeed C. manage D. achieve
6. A. goes B. makes C. comes D. brings
7. A. piece B. lot C. amount D. unit
8. A. make up B. wear up C. take back D. go for
9. A. keen B. interested C. concerned D. focused
10. A. fit B. match C. wear D. dress
11. A. buy B. shop C. purchase D. dress
12. A. friendly B. team C. linked D. social
13. A. last B. latest C. ultimate D. soonest

96 THE EARTH FROM THE AIR

Around ten million people worldwide have been to see Yann Arthur-Bertrands
exhibition of aerial photos (1) The Earth from the Air. The exhibition features shots
taken in over 100 different countries and never fails to make a (2) impression on those
who come to see it. (3) _ part of the fascination probably comes from the fact that
Bertrand is (4) on record things that the public could not otherwise see, this alone
cannot explain why people are so (5) affected by the photographs themselves. The
exhibition (6) people feeling enriched, with a more positive outlook on life, and many
return with their friends. Its almost as if the exhibition was communicating something of the
spiritual and educational (7) of travel itself.
Bertrand was living in Kenya, studying lions, when he began taking the photographs.
Its hard to get a clear idea of that sort of territory from the ground, he explains, so when
a friend offered to take him up in her plane, he (8) . Suddenly I could really see the
beauty of the landscape in a new way, he (9) . I was captivated.
Since that day, Bertrand has been taking aerial photographs on a world-wide (10)
. For some shots he (11) with a specific place in mind, but around 80% of
the destinations were found by (12) . Whats more, he never (13) of
searching for new places, always believing that hell spot something tomorrow that will be
even more impressive than what he has see today.
1. A. called B. known C. labelled D. termed
2. A. persisting B. keeping C. lasting D. remaining
3. A. Although B. Since C. Once D. Because
4. A. giving B. holding C. catching D. putting
5. A. widely B. deeply C. largely D. wholly
6. A. makes B. sends C. leaves D. lets
7. A. value B. profit C. gain D. credit
8. A. complied B. approved C. consented D. accepted
9. A. replies B. recalls C. repeats D. retains
10. A. scale B. spread C. degree D. extent
11. A. comes up B. gets on C. sets out D. does away
12. A. luck B. chance C. fate D. fortune
13. A. exhausts B. weakens C. bores D. tires

97 THE EBAY PHENOMENON

Located in an elegant 18lh-century building in London is the nerve (1) of one
of the worlds most prolific companies. It (2) by the name eBay. Not only has the
company gone from Internet bobby site to potent economic force, with 95 million users in
just ten years, it is (3) _ regarded as having altered the (4) of commercial life as
we know it.
If you want to buy anything, from a nail file to an airliner, eBay is the Internet site to
go to. A million items appear for sale each day in what is (5) an online auction. If you
like the description of an item, you make a bid within a five time limit; if you (6) to
be the highest bidder, you become the (7) owner of the goods in question. But the
most astounding factor behind eBay is not the range an value of the goods on (8) , but
the fact that the whole business is based on mutual trust. Rarely do you find people so willing
to buy unseen goods from an unknown source.
Part of the explanation for this (9) in the fact that 95% of eBay buyers and
sellers are private individuals. The company has expanded through (10)
recommendations rather smart marketing, and theres a real (11) of community about
it. Whats more, using eBay (12) to that instinctive sense of satisfaction people get from
 the process of bargaining and from actually getting a bargain at the end of it. (13) , it
puts the fun back into shopping.
1. A. middle B. heart C. focus D. centre
2. A. goes B. calls C. knows D. greets
3. A. largely B. deeply C. greatly D. widely
4. A. route B. course C. flow D. trend
5. A. precisely B. exactly C. absolutely D. effectively
6. A. check in B. turn out C. show up D. send off
7. A. boastful B. conceited C. proud D. vain
8. A. offer B. supply C. question D. issue
9. A. finds B. draws C. lies D. comes
10. A. word of mouth B. man to man C. tell tale D. matter of fact
11. A. feel B. sense C. touch D. mood
12. A. entices B. attracts C. appeals D. tempts
13. A. Otherwise B. In short C. Instead D. Despite that
98 THE WORLDS MOST TALKATIVE BIRD
Nkisi is the name of a grey parrot, bred in captivity, which (1) to the artist
Aimee Morgana. Every day, Aimee speaks to her parrot, explaining what she does in simple
sentences and encouraging him to develop what she (2) as a spontaneous and creative
relationship with language. So successful has she been that Nkisi is now the worlds most
talked-about talking bird.
Parrots and people have been (3) companions for centuries, and everybody knows
that parrots can be taught to talk. As Aimee explains, however, parrots can do more than just
(4) back what is said to them. Nkisi says what he wants, when he wants and, (5)
most animals trained to perform human-like tasks, he receives no form of reward in
return for this utterances.
Nkisis vocabulary (6) _ to around 950 words which he uses in (7)
and with past, present and future verb tense. What is (8) impressive, however, is that
Nkisi doesnt speak randomly, but actually (9) on whats going on around him, even
inventing original expressions, for example calling Aimees aromatherapy oils pretty
smell medicine. He also (10) exciting events, like his first ride in a car, and pesters
Aimee to take him out again like a persistent toddler: Wanna go in a car right now!
 The life (11) of a parrot is roughly equivalent to that of a human being. Six-year-
old Nkisi is (12) just beginning his education, and Aimee has (13) hopes
that his communicative abilities will continue to increase as he matures.
1. A. retain B. possesses C. belongs D. shelter
2. A. illustrates B. emphasises C. demonstrates D. describes
3. A. close B. near C. tight D. firm
4. A. respond B. reply C. repeat D. replicate
5. A. dissimilar B. unlike C. different D. unrelated
6. A. climbs B. totals C. makes D. runs
7. A. reference B. context C. background D. situation
8. A. importantly B. largely C. chiefly D. particularly
9. A. comments B. discusses C. observe D. mentions
10. A. reminds B. recalls C. reminisces D. reviews
11. A. forecast B. assumption C. expectancy D. anticipation
12. A. therefore B. otherwise C. nonetheless D. instead
13. A. wide B. deep C. high D. strong

99 LEARNING AT A DISTANCE
The idea of distance learning has been in (1) for a long time. In recent years,
due to the rapid (2) in computer technology, an extremely adaptable method of study
has evolved around this idea. Distance learning is becoming increasingly popular with
students, and the (3) _ of todays university population is changing as a result. For
students whose chosen university is beyond daily travelling distance, studying online using
what is known as e-learning is an attractive (4) because enables them to complete a
degree without the expense of paying fir accommodation in the (5) of their place of
study. Similarly, parent at home bringing up young children can take advantage of this
flexible method of study because web-based support materials can (6) _ with any
individual time schedule.
Initially, as e-learning (7) in popularity, there was a certain amount of (8)
amongst university tutors, who feared that students studying in the isolation of their own
home might be (9) of daily contact with their fellow students, something they regarded
as an important aspect of a university education. Ti soon became (10) , however, that e-
learning can actually improve communication through the creation of so-called discussion
boards, where the students submit their questions online, making them readily (11) to
 all. This system encourages a lively exchange of opinions between students, and it also means
that the tutors response to each query is immediately available to a wide (12) .
Nevertheless, it is recognised that human support is still a key factor in the learning
experience, and on most distance-learning courses, students are (13) with face-to-face
contact at some point.
1. A. actually B. continuity C. existence D. duration
2. A. alterations B. movements C. openings D. advances
3. A. proportion B. composition C. arrangement D. alignement
4. A. favourite B. selection C. preference D. option
5. A. whereabouts . situation C. vicinity D. precincts
6. A. fit in B. put in C. stay in D. go in
7. A. emerged B. grew C. leapt D. enlarged
8. A. concern B. trouble C. worry D. attention
9. A. deducted B. deprived C. denied D. deleted
10. A. distinct B. conspicuous C. evident D. straightforward
11. A. allowable B. applicable C. achievable D. accessible
12. A. audience B. assembly C. reception D. following
13. A. offered B. provided C. delivered D. permitted

100 THE TRUE BEHIND A SMILE

People smile a (1) _ deal, and we seem to know instinctively that some smiles
are more genuine than others. But is here any scientific (2) for this? Recent research
suggests that mechanism in the brain can help us (3) whether a smile is really
heartfelt-or whether it is just being (4) on for show.
(5) to various long-held traditions, a genuine smile involves the eyes as well as the
mouth. In the nineteenth century, a French anatomist (6) to prove this. He used
electrodes to stimulate the facial muscles of volunteers, (7) creating false smiles. He
found that real smiles were always (8) with the contraction of a muscle around the eye,
but that his artificially induced ones were not.
During more recent research, volunteers were shown a variety of human facial (9)
and their reactions to these were monitored. When they were shown a happy face,
35% of the volunteers immediately started looking at the eye area, checking for tell-tale
crinkles that would (10) that the smile was genuine; but when shown a sad or neutral
face, they did not. So why did the human brain evolve to (11) between real and false
smiles? It could be that this ability to (12) _ a quick assessment of a smile has an
important role to play in successful communication. A genuine smile (13) as a gesture
of conciliation in conflict, and its important to know whether we are really being offered a
truce or not.
1. A. great B. big C. large D. huge
2. A. sign B. fact C. root D. basis
3. A. recognised B. accept C. admit D. recollect
4. A. brought B. put C. created D. stuck
5. A. Providing B. Considering C. According D. Relating
6. A. got down B. carried out C. went off D. set out
7. A. despite B. thereby C. however D. nonetheless
8. A. accompanied B. mixed C. joined D. associated
9. A. exhibitions B. ressemblances C. expressions D. apparences
10. A. assure B. confirm C. justify D. approve
11. A. distinguish B. tell C. decide D. reckon
12. A. hold B. earn C. do D. make
13. A. aims B. portrays C. serves D. applies
101 TEENAGE AIRLINE BOSS
Martin Halstead is a young entrepreneur, (1) known for having managed
to launch his own airline at the age of eighteen. Martin had started his first business (2)
, making flight simulators for use in pilot training, while he was still a fifteen-year-
old schoolboy, and at seventeen he left school to (3) as a pilot. It was whilst on the
course that Martin realized that (4) of just being a pilot, hed like to run an airline
business, and so he (5) _ up with the idea for AlphaOne Airways. Martin (6)
planned to fly between Oxford and Cabridge, and there was considerable public (7)
in the idea. But when a big investor (8) out at the last minute, Martin was left with no
(9) but to think again. But he was not to be (10) . In November 2005, he
relaunched the company, this time planning flights from the Isle of Man to Edinburgh. A first
th
flight departed on November 7 , carrying invited guests and media in an aircraft Martin had
leased from another company. (11) the airline suspended operations in January 2006,
AlphaOne Airways had carried some forty fare-paying passengers on the route, and Martin
had (12) his dream. It was perhaps his naivety and youth that allowed him to ignore
the problems and barriers that someone older may have seen as a brick wall (13) in the
way of achievement.
1. A. widest B. greatest C. most D. best
2. A. venture B. task C. endeavour D. affair
3. A. study B. learn C. prepare D. train
4. A. preference B. alternative C. instead D. rather
5. A. thought B. came C. hit D. dreamt
6. A. initially B. largely C. primarily D. principally
7. A. attraction B. attention C. support D. interest
8. A. held B. pulled C. checked D. called
9. A. way B. chance C. option D. course
10. A. put off B. caught out C. sent back D. turned down
11. A. However B. Despite C. Although D. Nonetheless
12. A. reached B. fulfilled C. obtained D. completed
13. A. blocking B. stopping C. standing D. impeding

102 HOW TO CONCENTRATE

Concentrate is good in exams, bad in orange juice. Concentration happens when you
(1) to focus on one thin to the (2) _ of all others, and concentrating on that
one thing (3) you to stop worrying about a lot of other things. Sometimes, of course,
your mind concentrates when you dont want it to. Maybe you cant get something out of
your head, such as a problem you have to (4) _ up to, or an embarrassing situation
youve been in. thats why collecting things as a hobby is popular; it (5) your mind off
other things. Indeed, some people seem to prefer looking after and cataloguing their
collections to actually doing anything with them, because this when the (6) , single-
mined concentration happens.
The natural span for concentration 45 minutes. Thats why half an hour for a
television programme seems to short (7) an hour seems too long. Bu many
peoples lives are (8) of concentration. Modern culture is served up in small, (9)
digestible chunks that require only a short (10) span although young people
can concentration on computer games for days at a (11) .
 Sticking out the tongue can aid concentration. This is because you cant (12)
yourself with talking at the same time and other people wont (13) to interrupt your
thoughts, because you look an idiot!

1. A. manage B. achieve C. succeed D. accomplish

2. A. removal B. exclusion C. omission D. rejection
3. A. lets B. means C. makes D. allows
4. A. face B. confront C. tackle D. meet
5. A. brings B. puts C. takes D. holds
6. A. absorbing B. gripping C. arresting D. enthralling
7. A. otherwise B. thus C. whereby D. whilst
8. A. absent B. devoid C. lacking D. deficient
9. A. gently B. plainly C. easily D. surely
10. A. application B. attention C. consideration D. contemplation
11. A. length B. stroke C. sequence D. time
12. A. sidestep B. distract C. sidetrack D. disturb
13. A. rick B. chance C. dare D. brave
103 AN UNUSUALLY SUCCESSFUL LESSON
A school in Scotland has (1) up with an unusual way to improve its pupils
health and well-being. (2) at the same time helping them to become better learners.
The six-year-old children have started doing a type of massage that was developed in
Sweden. In the classes, each child chooses a partner and takes it in (3) to receive a
massage of their back, neck and shoulders. Not only do the children (4) the activity
fun, but this kind of massage also (5) _ muscle tension.
To (6) interest to activity, the teachers have linked it to a story about a small boy
who wants to play in the snow, but first must put on his glasses the (7) of the glasses
is traced on the childrens shoulders. Then he helps his mum with the baking - this involves
kneading the shoulders, and finally he goes out for a walk and has to (8) the snow off
his on his return. The story is told slowly, each movement being repeated three times.
When the massage classes started, the children used to chatter and (9) _ about,
but now they are quiet, their faces pictures of (10) concentration. And the activity (11)
them in other ways too; they are noticeably calmer and more (12) of each
other in the playground as well as being more relaxed and (13) to learn in the
classroom.
1. A. caught B. made C. come D. met
2. A. instead B. otherwise C. whereas D. whilst
3. A. turns B. rota C. order D. sequence
4. A. perceive B. find C. regard D. discover
5. A. supports B. comforts C. relieves D. softens
6. A. earn B. add C. gain D. increase
7. A. shape B. form C. profile D. figure
8. A. dust B. mop C. sweep D. brush
9. A. mess B. joke C. laugh D. kid
10. A. stressful B. heavy C. strong D. intense
11. A. promotes B. enhances C. benefits D. favours
12. A. friendly B. helpful C. co-operative D. tolerant
13. A. enthusiastic B. keen C. optimistic D. fond
24 BRAVE NURSE SAVES PENSIONER FROM FIRE.
A nurse who saved a man from a (1) house while on her (2) to work
has been awarded a medal for bravery. Sheila McDonald (3) clouds of black smoke
(4) from the roof of a house in Manchester. She went to investigate and quickly (5)
that the house was (6) fire.
She knocked on the front door but there was no reply. Then she walked around the
house looking in all of the windows. When she (7) into the living-room window, she
saw disabled pensioner Graham-Summers asleep in an armchair. She tapped on the window,
(10) Mr Summers into is wheelchair and pushed him to safety through the (11)
black smoke.
At the award ceremony Mr Summers was (12) of praise of Ms McDonald, but
she said, I dont really (13) in an act of bravery I just did what anyone would
have done.
1.
11. A.
A. burnt
great B.
B. burning
thick C.
C. fiery
big D.
D. ignited
deep
2.
12. A.
A. route
full B.
B. passage
packed C.
C. way
stuffed D.
D. path
consider
3.
13. A.
A. distinguished
view B.
B. noticed
hold C. remarked
C. see D.
D. detected
consider
4.
105 A. running
THE LATE, LATE B. flowing
FLIGHT TO LONDONC. pouring D. trickling
5. A.Passengers
knew B.arecognised
travelling on C. identified
flight from Washington D.(1)
to London were in realised a
6. A. inwait. They had (2) B. under
very long C. on
been waiting eight uncomfortable hoursD. for
to takeoff,
7.
only toA.begazed
(3) that the B. stared
flight was (4) C.even
spied D. crew
further. The cabin peered
advised
8. A. wake
passengers to take pillows andB. get
blankets C. raiselockers in (5) D. bring
from the overhead to sleep
9.
insideA.
theinto B. through
airport terminal. Many passengers (6) _ C.their
via tempers and fights
D. by
broke (7)
10. A. .lifted
People shouted and B.
(8)raised C.Aset
information. D.panicked
member of the staff took and
called airport security guards. A (9) lucky passengers were put on alternative
flights, (10) about 100 others spent the next day in the airport. Many people missed
connecting flights and (11) be delayed for several days. First-class passengers were (12)
fortunate. They were put (13) in luxury hotels and provided with food and
drink. Other passengers had to be content with (14) free rooms to accommodate them.
One woman carried a silver horseshoe for (15) . As she said, It didnt work this
time!
1. A. with B. at C. on D. for
2. A. still B. however C. already D. yet
3. A. told B. said C. mentioned D. announced
4. A. late B. delayed C. retarded D. behind
5. A. order B. case C. time D. turn
6. A. mislaid B. lost C. missed D. wasted
7. A. up B. off C. down D. out
8. A. asked B. applied C. demanded D. took
9. A. few B. number C. couple D. little
10. A. even B. although C. in spite D. despite
11. A. should B. could C. would D. had
12. A. still B. many C. much D. more
13. A. out B. off C. up D. about
14. A. much B. a lot C. too D. enough
15. A. fortune B. luck C. chance D. probability
106 THE BAT
 The bat may seem an ordinary creature, but in fact it is an amazing animal. The bat
has wings and is the only mammal (1) of true flight. There are many (2)
species of bat; in Britain (3) there are fourteen types of bat, which range in size from a
few inches to (4) feet in wingspan.
Bats are nocturnal animals (5) become active only at dusk. Many species (6)
on a radar system to find their way around. The bat emits squeaks and then
measures the echoes to see how far away any (7) .
The (8) of bats survive on a diet insects while others cat fruit. There are two
species which eat fish and there are (9) some bats which eat meat! Some vampire
bats take blood (10) their sleeping victims. These bats may (11) the deadly
disease rabies.
Bats are sociable creatures and (12) large colonies. Most bats hibernate (13)
the winter months. Many people are (14) of bats without ever having seen one.
Perhaps if we learn (15) about these wonderful creatures, we will no longer fear
them.
1. A. capable B. able C. possible D. probable
2. A. differing B. contrasting C. different D. conflicting
3. A. all B. alone C. lonely D. lonesome
4. A. various B. few C. little D. several
5. A. whose B. who C. which D. they
6. A. put B. rely C. stand D. confide
7. A. hindrance B. barrier C. obstacle D. blockage
8. A. majority B. population C. amount D. number
9. A. too B. even C. ever D. so
10. A. out B. off C. of D. from
11. A. carry B. grasp C. hold D. so
12. A. connect B. form C. structure D. relate
13. A. at B. whole C. among D. throughout
14. A. afraid . fearless C. scary D. frightful
15. A. many B. little C. more D. some
107
Starting a business
 Running your own business can provide high job satisfaction - the satisfaction of
being in (1) of your own life and making your own (2) about how things should be
done.
If you are ambitious, you may want to achieve (3) on a large scale and
eventually to become rich. Or it may be (4) for you simply to enjoy work more and to
achieve a modest increase (5) living standards at the same time.
Its important to take into (6) the less desirable aspects of the job as (7)
. For instance, if problems (8) , it will be up to you to sort them (9) . Youll
probably have to work harder and longer hours especially in the (10) stages. Youll
probably see less of your family and friends too. And, of course, you wont enjoy the security
of a (11) pay packet.
If you see all this as a challenge (12) than a disadvantage, you have at
(13) one of the qualities needed for success. Other qualities (14) _ : the ability to
work on ones own, a refusal to (15) up, and a willingness to take on responsibility.
Do you have what it takes?

1. A. charge B. duty C. head D. position

2. A. alterations B. decisions C. ideas D. position
3. A. courage B. power C. security D. success
4. A. enough B. many C. too D. lot
5. A. at B. on C. in D. for
6. A. account B. mind C. thought D. contemplation
7. A. much B. also C. well D. too
8. A. rise B. arise C. raise D. happen
9. A. up B. in C. through D. out
10. A. initiation B. starting C. early D. beginning
11. A. permanent B. square C. usual D. regular
12. A. otherwise B. instead C. rather D. other
13. A. last B. most C. once D. least
14. A. compose B. include C. consist D. contain
15. A. give B. work C. turn D. draw

108 PETER THE GREAT

 Peter the Great was Russias fourth Romanov Tzar and at 6 feet 7 inches, probably the
tallest. He also had an enormous (1) for food and drink. Another great (2) of
his personality was his (3) which was fearsome. But it was his thirst for knowledge
combined with his (4) of a new Russia that made him a great leader. In 1697, motivated
by his desire to break (5) from the constrictions of old Russia customs, Peter travelled
around Europe learning valuable military and industrial (6) .
When he returned to Russia, Peter was (7) to throw off the remnants of
the past. He dramatically (8) the powers of the Russia aristocracy and abolished age-
old (9) . in order to (10) his dream of a modernized Russia, he (11)
universities, established the countrys first newspaper and encouraged the development of
industry. He also pushed back empires boundaries by (12) the armed forces. Before his
death in 1725, Peter had had a new capital built and (13) it St Petersburg. It was
(14) on the Western cities he most admired, like Paris and London, and (15) the
capital until the First World War.
1. A. aptitude B. appetite C. taste D. applause
2. A. aspect B. face C. view D. angle
3. A. inclination B. mood C. temper D. disposition
4. A. greed B. ambition C. ealousy D. vision
5. A. up B. in C. free D. over
6. A. professions B. studies C. designs D. skills
7. A. convinced B. determined C. interested D. skills
8. A. excluded B. eliminated C. reduced D. shortened
9. A. traditions B. costumes C. means D. heritage
10. A. make B. prepare C. produce D. fulfil
11. A. founded B. began C. made D. found
12. A. inflating B. spreading C. expanding D. growing
13. A. entitled B. named C. labelled D. said
14. A. copied B. designed C. constructed D. modelled
15. A. remained B. kept C. settled D. retained
109 BARRADOS
 Have you ever been to Barbados? Life (1) Barbados is slow and peaceful.
People there seem to (2) all their time eating and relaxing. You (3) ever see
anyone doing any real work. (4) crowds of tourists are attracted (5) cheap
package deals, the island, situated (6) the Caribbean remains (7) _ . The
temperature seldom falls (8) 20C and you are unlikely to meet friendlier people
anywhere in the world. In Bridgetown, the capital, you can sit on the balcony of a harbor-
front restaurant (9) _ fresh coconut cocktails, and watch the boats (10) . Its also
a great place to buy jewellery as not only is it beautifully made, but it is also tax free. For
the classiest hotels (11) _ north to the Platinum Coast, (12) after is white sandy
beaches. The superb Glitter Bay Hotel is situated in flower-filled gardens with (13)
staff and delicious food. As the sun (14) enjoy your cocktail and start figuring out how to
(15) the money to get back to Barbados.
1. A. by B. at C. over D. on
2. A. pass B. spend C. attend D. follow
3. A. hardly B. almost C. nearly D. scarce
4. A. Contrary B. Although C. Despite D. Nevertheless
5. A. by B. from C. on D. at
6. A. among B. in C. between D. on
7. A. undisturbed B. unattached C. unspoilt D. untouched
8. A. below B. under C. down D. behind
9. A. swallowing B. eating C. biting D. sipping
10. A. unpacking B. disembarking C. unloading D. delivering
11. A. head B. face C. turn D. charge
12. A. called B. termed C. christened D. named
13. A. careful B. cautious C. attentive D. interested
14. A. falls B. sets C. jumps D. dives
15. A. take B. gain C. earn D. possess

110 BODY LANGUAGE

Language is commonly believed to be a system of communication that
consists of sounds and written symbols. However, we can also communicate (1) other
ways by using our facial (2) , our tone of voice and even our (3) _ body. In fact, in
 many situations, non-verbal communication can (4) more accurately what a person is
feeling. Body language always speaks the truth, (5) words can often be (6)
For successful communication both at the office and at home, an
understanding of body language is important. At word, non-verbal communication is
(7) to power. People (8) charge tend to lean (9) in their chairs, fold their
hands behind their heads and (10) their feet up on the desk. They usually (11)
conversations, both talking and interrupting more than others. Those who (12) orders,
on the other hand, are much less relaxed and tend to sit on the (13) of their chairs with
their arms tightly folded.
Body language plays an equally important role at home. Children are
particularly quick to pick (14) on non-verbal signals and can distinguish (15)
what is said and what is really meat.
1. A. in B. for C. to D. by
2. A. looks B. shapes C. expressions D. aspects
3. A. full B. whole C. partial D. total
4. A. explain B. announce C. publish D. reveal
5. A. except B. so C. whereas D. therefore
6. A. misleading B. hopeless C. mistrustful D. senseless
7. A. associated B. related C. combined D. reserved
8. A. in B. on C. by D. at
9. A. away B. behind C. back D. against
10. A. lie B. lay C. deposit D. put
11. A. overwhelm B. dominate C. master D. hold
12. A. do B. give C. lead D. follow
13. A. top B. limit C. edge D. border
14. A. out B. over C. at D. up
15. A. between B. among C. from D. that

111 TATTOOING: AN ANCIENT TRADITION

 Tattooing is an old art. In ancient Greece, people who had tattoos were (1)
as members of the (2) classes. On the other hand, tattooing was (3) _ in Europe
by the early Christians, (4) thought that it was a sinful thing to (5) .
 th
It was not (6) the late 18 century, when Captain Cook saw South Sea
Islanders decorating their bodies with tattoos, that attitudes began (7) . Sailors came
back from these islands with pictures of Christ on their backs and from then on, tattooing
(8)
in popularity. A survey by the French army in 1881 (9) that among the 378 men
(10) there were 1,333 designs.
Nowadays, not (11) finds tattoos acceptable. Some people think that getting
one is silly because tattoos are more or less permanent. There is also some (12) about
(13) a blood disease from unsterilized needles. Even for those who do want a tattoo, the
(14) of getting one is not painless, but the final result, in their eyes is (15) the
pain.
1. A. supposed B. realised C. held D. regarded
2. A. greater B. high C. upper D. extreme
3. A. exported B. banned C. blamed D. finished
4. A. who B. that C. they D. whose
5. A. be B. do C. make D. create
6. A. by B. since C. for D. until
7. A. change B. convert C. vary D. move
8. A. earned B. won C. gained D. made
9. A. declared B. showed C. explained D. said
10. A. inquired B. spoken C. demanded D. questioned
11. A. everybody B. every C. each D. nobody
12. A. danger B. trouble C. concern D. threat
13. A. catching B. gaining C. having D. infecting
14. A. progress B. system C. pace D. process
15. A. due B. worth C. owed D. deserved

112 TWO WAYS TO IMPROVE YOUR MEMORY

The human memory is an incredibly powerful tool, but few of us make the most of it.
In these days of high performance, (1) greater demands are made on our memories,
so what can we do to (2) them work more efficiently? The (3) Greeks
realized that, in order to remember anything, you have to (4) it with something that
is already fixed in your mind. They (5) memory aids or mnemonics. Verbal
mnemonics can be words or rhymes (6) , for example, the first letters of the items of a
list to be (7) . These were popular in Victorian schools, where momorising lists was a
major part of education. Although modern educationalist tend to look (8) this
method of learning, it is still sometimes necessary, as any medical student will tell you.
Visual mnemonics have recently been found to be especially (9) . So next (10)
you have to remember how items are (11) , say for an exam, (12) a mind map.
You can draw a plan with items radiating from a central point and use different coloured pens
to make the relationship between items (13) . You learn as you draw and then the
(14) image is easy to (15) .
1. A. too B. that C. always D. even
2. A. cause B. make C. induce D. have
3. A. earlier B. former C. old D. ancient
4. A. realise B. divide C. associate D. mix
5. A. found B. invented C. discovered D. recovered
6. A. containing B. filling C. holding D. placing
7. A. decided B. disputed C. settled D. remembered
8. A. down on B. up C. over D. in
9. A. casual B. colourful C. powerful D. assisting
10. A. thing B. time C. occasion D. date
11. A. relatives B. married C. related D. jointed
12. A. create B. show C. reduce D. build
13. A. available B. clear C. flexible D. moving
14. A. seen B. watched C. regarded D. visual
15. A. recall B. replace C. reset D. redo
113 MAKE-UP
What is make-up? War paint, a mask, something a woman uses to increase
self-esteem? The answer is none of the above, although all of these (1) _ have been used
to describe it over the (2) . Its true the women spend a lot of money on make-up about
500 a year on (3) , but its all for a good cause. Make-up, if used correctly, can have
many benefits. It would be (4) to criticize make-up without first (5)_ its advantages
to the wearer. Women do use make-up to (6) self-esteem, but it is a self-esteem that
already exists. By (7) cosmetics, a woman feels better about herself; she feels more
attractive and more (8) _ . Like it or not, a women is often (9) on her
appearance. She will sues lipstick, blusher, mascara, and the (10) , to enhance her
beauty and therefore her (11) of others. Cosmetics are a tool for attracting attention
and (12) a favourable first impression. Lets face it, theres a lot of (13) out
there these days and even though we might not want to (14) it, we were not all born
with the looks of supermodels. Make-up, therefore, offers we less-than-perfect women, a(n)
(15) with which to compete.
1. A. titles B. terms C. phrases D. labels
2. A. days B. ages C. years D. months
3. A. standard B. average C. balance D. par
4. A. impolite B. dishonest C. inhuman D. unjust
5. A. considering B. regarding C. comparing D. weighing
6. A. jump B. boost C. lift D. rise
7. A. applying B. putting C. placing D. spreading
8. A. confined B. conscious C. confident D. convenient
9. A. selected B. chosen C. graded D. judged
10. A. usual B. similar C. like D. normal
11. A. minds B. eyes C. hearts D. souls
12. A. producing B. building C. forming D. creating
13. A. challenge B. struggle C. competition D. rivalry
14. A. admit B. confess C. announce D. deny
15. A. bomb B. gun C. arsenal D. weapon

114 SOMETHING NOT FOR EVERYONE

Because an increasing number of people are opting to work outside the traditional
office, notebook PCs are becoming more and more popular. However, you should know that
notebook PCs arent for everyone. As you (1) up the pros and cons of (2)
your desktop PC with a new system, you should (3) in mind that you may get better
(4) for your money by investing in a faster, more powerful desktop PC.
Portability comes at a(n) (5) . Leave your laptop unattended for any (6)
of time in any sort of public place and you will quickly (7) that it has been stolen.
You could even lose it without any intentional neglect on your (8) ; laptops (and all the
business and personal information they contain) are easy (9) for skilled thieves. So,
yes, there are definitely serious security issues. Also, if you are (10) to tossing your
laptop around as you do your purse, workout bag or umbrella, youll probably break it
before you get your moneys (11) . Guarantees are getting better and longer, but they still
won/t cover a simple slip, let alone (12) carelessness. So, before you (13)
out to get yourself the latest technological (14) , think long and hard as to whether a
note book PC is really (15) for you.
1. A. measure B. weigh C. even D. count
2. A. substituting B. trading C. replacing D. swapping
3. A. hold B. bear C. bring D. grasp
4. A. merit B. use C. value D. profit
5. A. price B. expense C. cost D. fee
6. A. duration B. hours C. quantity D. length
7. A. confirm B. discover C. show D. reveal
8. A. part B. role C. behalf D. area
9. A. aims B. objects C. targets D. goals
10. A. inclined B. apt C. likely D. prone
11. A. worth B. return C. reward D. benefit
12. A. usual B. normal C. regular D. habitual
13. A. rush B. speed C. move D. walk
14. A. tool B. gadget C. utensil D. appliance
15. A. proper B. acceptable C. suitable D. fit

115
Working parents are devoting more quality time to their than previous generations,
despite time-consuming (1) , research has shown. The findings of this study go against
the (2) that modern parents, especially working mothers, spend less time with their
children. The study found that parents devote more than twice as much time on the (3)
of their children than they did 30 years ago. Full-time working parents were found to spend
more time with their children than their part-time and non-working counterparts. This time is
spent talking to children and enjoying planned (4) activities, (5) swimming and
trips to museums together.
The results of the research (6) that parents devote an average of 85 minutes a
day to each child. This compares with 25 minutes a day in the (7) 1970s. And it is
predicted that the figure will (8) to 100 minutes a day by 2010.
 The study highlighted a new concept of positive parenting, where mothers and
fathers are (9) committed to working hard to be good parents and providing the best
 material and emotional support for their children. The findings suggest that the new man is
not a myth. Todays fathers were found to be more involved in their childrens lives than
their own fathers were found to be more involved in their childrens lives than their own
fathers or grandfathers were. More fathers are said to be equal (10) in parenting.
During the study, three generations of families were (11) on their (12) _
to parenting. What is clear is that parents desire an increase in creative involvement with
children, and for family democracy. (13) , this increase in parental involvement a also
(14) an increase in the stress (15) being a parent. In the future, parenting classes
could become as commonplace as antenatal classes are today.
1. A. jobs B. work C. positions D. occupations
2. A. saying B. thought C. claim D. statement
3. A. education B. instruction C. training D. upbringing
4. A. amusement B. leisure C. free D. pleasure
5. A. instead of B. on one hand C. as well as D. such as
6. A. display B. say C. show D. appear
7. A. mid B. middle C. medium D. halfway
8. A. arise B. rise C. arouse D. raise
9. A. similar B. hardly C. equally D. nearly
10. A. couples B. partners C. colleagues D. mates
11. A. requested B. answered C. asked D. questioned
12. A. attitudes B. opinions C. agreement D. thinkings
13. A. Therefore B. However C. Although D. Despite
14. A. suggests B. says C. states D. hints
15. A. for B. to C. in D. of

1.
116 MICHELLES STORY
When Michelle was at school her friends and teachers would never have (1)
how shed (2) out. The (3) daughter of a postman, she (4) _ up in a
small village near Lyons in France. When she (5) a place at Bordeaux University to
study Humanities, her parents were delighted that she was to have the educational
opportunities they had (6) . They hoped she would be a school teacher but (7)
 didnt happen quite as they had (8) . When she finished her studies, Michelle (9)
her driving test, bought an old car and became (10) with engines. She decided
to take a course (11) car maintenance which (12) thirteen weeks. At the
end of the course, she told that (13) all the students she had made the most (14) .
She now works in a local garage as a mechanic and, in a few years, would like to (15)
a garage of her own.
1 A. guessed B. hoped C. wondered D. told
2 A. come B. carry C. turn D. show
3 A. singular B. only C. individual D. lonely
4 A. came B. raised C. grew D. started
5 A. won B. arrived C. applied D. entered
6 A. failed B. avoided C. dreamed D. lacked
7 A. matters B. things C. future D. life
8 A. expected B. liked C. claimed D. pretended
9 A. made B. gave C. presented D. took
10 A. enthusiastic B. interested C. fascinated D. excited
11 A. from B. in C. of D. for
12 A. spent B. covered C. lasted D. passed
13 A. by B. from C. beside D. of
14 A. success B. progress C. achievement D. advance
15 A. open B. begin C. introduce D. make

117 HOME SECURITY

Contrary a popular belief most burglaries take (1) during the day. The quick
dash you (2) to the shops before they close or to (3) the children from school are
ideal opportunities. Burglar know about these things and what time they are (4) to occur.
The garage door which you (5) open because you didnt have time to shut it before
you drove away is as (6) as an invitation card.
 Your best protection is to make (7) that when the burglar does come to your
house, he decides it is not worth the (8) of breaking in. your precautions have to be
good enough to put him (9) .
 For most people the first (10) to better security is to frighten themselves (11)
really believing that their house could be burgled. And (12) _, if it happened,
would be pretty unpleasant. Anyone who has suffered the (13) can tell you that the
shock of finding your (14) home vandalized is at least as painful as the actual
financial (15) you suffer.
1. A. place B. way C. part D. action
2. A. do B. take C. make D. go
3. A. pick B. collect C. take D. catch
4. A. probable B. surely C. possible D. likely
5. A. left B. forgot C. let D. put
6. A. well B. much C. fine D. good
7. A. clear B. sure C. safe D. care
8. A. alarm B. trap C. risk D. threat
9. A. out B. off C. up D. away
10. A. lesson B. point C. part D. step
11. A. with B. to C. into D. of
12. A. that B. which C. what D. then
13. A. state B. fact C. experience D. knowledge
14. A. well-known B. familiar C. usual D. regular
15. A. price B. cut C. lack D. loss

118 ROBOTS
Ever since it was first possible to make a real robot, people have been hoping for the
invention of a machine that would do all the necessary jobs (1) the house. If
boring and repetitive factory work could be (2) by robots, why not boring and
repetitive household chores too?
For a long time only people who really (3) the problem their attention were
amateur inventors. And they came up (4) a major difficulty. That is, housework is (5)
very complex. It has never been one job, it has always been many. A factory robot (6)
100
 one task endlessly (7) it is reprogrammed to do something else. It doesnt
run the (8) factory. A housework robot, on the other (9) , has to do several

100
 different (10) of cleaning and carrying jobs and also has to cope (11) all the
different shapes and positions of rooms, furniture, ornaments, cats and dogs.
(12) , there have been some development recently. Sensors are available to (13)
the robot locate objects and avoid obstacles. We have the technology to produce the
hardware. All that is (14) is the software the programs that will (15) the
machine.
1. A. through B. around C. for D. over
2. A. managed B. made C. succeeded D. given
3. A. took B. showed C. did D. gave
4. A. to B. for C. against D. on
5. A. hardly B. seriously C. surely D. actually
6. A. carries away B. carries over C. carries out D. carries off
7. A. since B. until C. when D. while
8. A. total B. full C. whole D. all
9. A. hand B. part C. side D. view
10. A. systems B. ways C. methods D. types
11. A. with B. from C. by D. for
12. A. Moreover B. However C. Besides D. Therefore
13. A. assist B. allow C. help D. anable
14. A. short B. missing C. left D. needing
15. A. operate B. practise C. perform D. order

119 ADVENTURE TRAVEL

The traditional reason for exploration to boldly go where no man has gone before
has become a little out of (1) now. Corners of the world which have not become
explored are rare indeed. They do (2) , however, and from polar regions to tropical
rainforest, from 8,000 m. (3) in the Himalayas to submarine caves in the Caribbean
the attempts to discover them continue.
The increasing (4) _ exploration is reflected in the growth of companies which
101
(5) in holiday-length expeditions to the foothills of the Himalayas, Africa and

102
 South America. Such tours are unlikely to (6) real danger but they (7)
challenge to allow. The traveler some of the achievement of full-scale exploration.
The line (8) exploration from vacation is difficult to draw now.
Expeditions may (9) from packaged adventures along well-known (10) to
a demanding assault on some remote mountain face where survival (11) on good
training, technical (12) , judgment and good luck. As one climbing enthusiast (13)
it: Some people can get full satisfaction (14) admiring a mountain from a safe
distance (15) others might only be satisfied actually climbing the mountain.
1. A. question B. order C. date D. practice
2. A. appear B. exist C. arise D. occur
3. A. peaks B. tops C. points D. crowns
4. A. popularity B. interest C. enthusiasm D. success
5. A. advertise B. feature C. specialise D. arrange
6. A. involve B. suffer C. consist D. propose
7. A. some B. slight C. certain D. sufficient
8. A. cutting B. dividing C. parting D. connecting
9. A. stretch B. reach C. include D. range
10. A. sites B. ways C. routes D. resorts
11. A. relises B. requires C. stands D. results
12. A. method B. art C. practice D. skill
13. A. put B. said C. told D. mentioned
14. A. for B. from C. at D. in
15. A. however B. otherwise C. despite D. while

120 MINOR ILLNESSES

Most people can do minor repairs in the home such as mending a fuse or (1)
on a button. Most car owners know how to change a wheel (2) they have a
puncture.
 This booklet will help you to (3) with minor illnesses at home. Helping
yourself will help the doctor at the same time. It explains simple (4) for minor
illnesses and accidents which are (5) to occur (6) time to time. In some (7)
there is nothing a doctor can do that the patient cannot do (8) _ as well.
 This booklet will help you to know when you can treat yourself and (9) the
doctor valuable time to help patients who are more (10) ill, and when you really need
to (11) the doctor.
We hope you will find this booklet useful. At the back there is a list of simple
medicines which (12) will be helpful to have (13) hand.
And remember, whenever you are really anxious or ill, advice can be (14) over
the telephone. (15) you need do is ring the practice number.
1. A. fixing B. fitting C. stitching D. knitting
2. A. if B. while C. unless D. until
3. A. react B. manage C. handle D. cope
4. A. solutions B. treatments C. drugs D. operations
5. A. normal B. possible C. expected D. likely
6. A. on B. by C. from D. at
7. A. cases B. occasions C. events D. types
8. A. quite B. thoroughly C. fully D. just
9. A. spare B. save C. free D. make
10. A. badly B. urgently C. seriously D. fatally
11. A. call B. command C. insist D. require
12. A. they B. there C. you D. it
13. A. in B. at C. by D. from
14. A. given B. sent C. passed D. told
15. A. Only B. That C. All D. Simply

121 WHERE DID THE DINOSAURS GO?

No account of eh dinosaurs time on Earth is complete without an explanation of their
extinction. (1) the years many theories have been (2) , but no single theory can
explain all the facts as we know them. (3) , the most likely theory that scientists have
come (4) is that dinosaurs were killed off by a combination of (5) _ factors. The
(6) effect of these factors was the extinction of the dinosaurs, together with many other
animal groups. It is known that there was a lot of volcanic activity at the (7) of the
dinosaurs extinction. Their environment would have already at the (8)
considerable stress as well as being poisoned. Added to this it is believed that a very (9)
meteor or comet, some 10 kilometres wide, (10) the Earth and caused massive
 destruction. (11) _ of the impact can be found in the Gulf of Mexico, where there is
a large crater and a (12) of rock containing the rare element iridium. As the meteor
entered the Eaths atmosphere, the dinosaurs would have seen a bright light in the sky
followed by an explosion. The shock waves from the explosion flattened everything. (13)
after, a rain of dust and rocks fell and covered everything, the temperature (14)
dramatically and that was the (15) of dinosaurs.
1. A. Over B. During C. As D. For
2. A. handed out B. brought up C. put forward D. turned up
3. A. Nowadays B. Actually C. Frequently D. Temporarily
4. A. round B. over C. by D. up with
5. A. few B. several C. any D. little
6. A. complete B. entire C. overall D. some
7. A. hour B. era C. period D. time
8. A. in B. below C. under D. into
9. A. large B. long C. enormous D. great
10. A. crashed B. hit C. collided D. smashed
11. A. Signals B. Notices C. Tracks D. Signs
12. A. cove B. layer C. level D. coat
13. A. Briefly B. Quickly C. Sharply D. grew
14. A. rose B. raised C. flew D. grew
15. A. finish B. end C. final D. outcome

122 THE RETURN OF THE AIRSHIP

th
The first balloons flew in the 18 century. By 1900 the Germans were producing rigid
airships capable of carrying (1) loads over long distances. These airships consisted of
a cigar-shaped, covered frame (2) _ hydrogen gas. The first craft reached speeds (3)
32 km/h. By the mid-1930s, the zeppelins had (4) in size. The largest airship ever
built, the Hindenburg, was 245 metres long and could reach a maximum speed of 135km/h. in
1936 this airship carried a (5) of 1,002 passengers on 10 scheduled round (6)
between Germany and the United States. On 6 May 1937, while (7) at Lakehurst,
New Jersey, the Hindenburg was completely (8) when it crashed and burst into
(9) , with a loss of 36 lives. Now, over 60 years since the last giant commercial
airship was built, a new (10) of high-tech giant airships is being planned. (11) ,
airships use helium instead of the potentially dangerous hydrogen. Up until (12) their
construction has been limited to small blimps, used mostly for advertising (13) and on
a limited scale by the US Navy for coastal patrols. The new airships could be the heavy lift
aircraft of the future. They will be (14) to carry payloads of up to 160 tonnes about
the weight of 27 full-grown African elephants at a speed of 100 km/h and a maximum
height of 2,000 metres non-stop (15) several thousand kilometres.
1. A. strong B. important C. notable D. considerable
2. A. comprising B. consisting C. containing D. composing
3. A. arriving B. approaching C. nearly D. almost
4. A. doubled B. multiplied C. twofold D. duplicated
5. A. number B. sum C. figure D. total
6. A. travels B. voyages C. trips D. journeys
7. A. grounding B. landing C. getting down D. returning
8. A. destroyed B. ruined C. damaged D. demolished
9. A. fires B. flames C. blazes D. burns
10. A. brand B. family C. race D. breed
11. A. Nowadays B. Lately C. Actually D. Presently
12. A. recently B. soon C. now D. today
13. A. reasons B. purposes C. roles D. tasks
14. A. possible B. capable C. able D. capacity
15. A. through B. across C. by D. over

123 MAKING TOURISM A BENEFIT

The growth of cheap and readily available air travel has helped turn tourist into one of
the worlds largest (1) . But behind the image projected by the glossy brochures, there
is a less positive (2) to the situation. In Goa, for example, indigenous peoples have
been displaced to (3) way for hotels and golf (4) , and local fishermen have been
(5) access to the beaches from which they set off for work. One (6) study
has shown that 60 percent of foreign capital (7) in tourism in developing countries
returns to first-world countries, and although tourism often provides employment, much of it
is low-skilled and very (8) paid.
 Recently, however, a British organization. Tourism Concern, surprised everyone by
mounting an (9) vigorous campaign for tourism which respects the rights of local
people. They argue that local people are at present (10) near as involved as they should
be in decisions ab0ut how to (11) their area for tourism. (12) , they believe
tourist should be actively encouraged to use that is often perfectly satisfactory
accommodation offered by local communities, and to fly with airlines (13) in the host
countries. This would (14) that jobs are provided at all (15) _ and that capital
does not disappear out of the country.
1. A. productions B. trades C. industries D. deals
2. A. side B. section C. edge D. face
3. A. leave B. move C. get D. make
4. A. pitches B. courses C. grounds D. courts
5. A. rejected B. stopped C. disallowed D. denied
6. A. comprehensive B. inclusive C. complete D. total
7. A. provided B. placed C. invested D. speculated
8. A. hardly B. weakly C. roughly D. poorly
9. A. extensively B. extremely C. utterly D. actually
10. A. no one B. nothing C. nobody D. nowhere
11. A. grow B. develop C. reproduce D. inflate
12. A. Furthermore B. Despite this C. Nevertheless D. On the contrary
13. A. created B. based C. stood D. laid
14. A. promise B. agree C. ensure D. undertake
15. A. levels B. planes C. heights D. steps

124 A BALLOONING CHALLENGE

For those people who go out in search of adventure, a long-distance flight in a hot-air
balloon is a particular exciting (1) . Indeed, a round-the world balloon trip is
widely regarded as the (2) challenge. One well-known adventurer, David
Hemplemann-Adams would not agree, however. Recently he became the first man to (3)
the North Pole in a hot-air balloon, a more significant (4) in his eyes. Given
that the distance and altitudes (5) are comparatively modest, you might wonder why
the trip from Canada to the Pole, should present such challenge.
Part of the (6) _ was that such a flight hat not even been attempted for over
a century. In those days, such expeditions were huge events, with a nations pride (7) on
their success, and so resources were (8) to them. Although he eventually managed to
secure a substantial sponsorship (9) from an insurance company, Hemplemann-Adams
had the added challenge of having to (10) sufficient funds for his trip.
 Then, of course, he had to face major survival concerns, such as predicting the
weather (11) and coping with dangerously low temperatures. But most
challenging of all was the incredibly complex problem of navigation. As the earths magnetic
field gets stronger, only the most (12) of satellite-linked navigation systems can (13)
that one has got to the pole. Without them, the chances of getting anywhere near it
are extremely (14) . Not to mention an even greater problem that (15) on
Hemplemann-Adams mind: getting back!
1. A. campaign B. engagement C. motion D. prospect
2. A. extreme B. ultimate C. utmost D. eventual
3. A. reach B. attain C. meet D. fulfil
4. A. recognitiom B. acquisition C. realisation D. achievement
5. A. engaged B. regarded C. involved D. connected
6. A. beauty B. allure C. charm D. appeal
7. A. learning B. resting C. waiting D. standing
8. A. committed B. confided C. confirmed D. commended
9. A. bargain B. transaction C. deal D. purchase
10. A. elevate B. raise C. lift D. build
11. A. conditions B. tendencies C. circumstances D. elements
12. A. cultured B. refined C. sophisticated D. educated
13. A. confirm B. approve C. reinforce D. support
14. A. thin B. slight C. tight D. slim
15. A. pushed B. pressed C. weighed D. stressed

125 NO ORDINARY NOVELIST

London features so prominently in the work of the English novelist Charles Dickens
(1812-1870) that people often (1) that was born and bred there. In fact, the writers father
worked for the navy and the family moved around a (2) deal. Dickens was nevertheless
familiar with London and many of the things he saw there were later (3) _ into his books.
For example, he observed the rich (4) beggars on the streets, and saw cramped
streets existing in stark (5) to vast open spaces. When his father was (6) in
a debtor prison after a lifetime of living beyond this (7) , the young Charles had no
(8) but to leave school and work in a shoe factory. There he earned just a few pennies
a week with which to (9) his family, now without a breadwinner. This was an
experience which made a (10) impression on the young Dickens, perhaps explaining his
 later pre-occupation with lost or orphaned children in his novels. After a (11) in the legal
profession, Dickens became a reporter and popular writer. His first published (12) was a
book called Sketches by Boz, which (13) in 1836. This collection of London
scenes was soon followed by a novel entitled Pickwick Papers. Like most of his novels, this
first came out in the (14) of a serial in a monthly magazine. The reading public would
follow the lives of the characters in each (15) in much the same way that people watch
television soap operas today.
1. A. consider B. discover C. assume D. realise
2. A. great B. big C. huge D. large
3. A. absorbed B. integrated C. merged D. incorporated
4. A. go over B. pass by C. run over D. get by
5. A. opposition B. comparison C. contrast D. relation
6. A. sustained B. detained C. maintained D. retained
7. A. savings B. loans C. accounts D. means
8. A. choice B. chance C. idea D. time
9. A. carry B. manage C. support D. bear
10. A. lasting B. durable C. longing D. heavy
11. A. try B. turn C. shift D. spell
12. A. effort B. work C. craft D. attempt
13. A. appeared B. opened C. entered D. arrived
14. A. manner B. mode C. form D. order
15. A. version B. series C. consignment D. installment

16.

126 THE HISTORY OF JUOURNALISM

Journalism has a very long history. It dates back at (1) from ancient Rome, when
written announcements of deaths, marriages and military appointments were (2) up
regularly in pubic places. It wasnt until the fifteenth century, (3) , that the invention of
the printing press made the rapid (3) _ of journalism possible.
Journalism as we know it today probably dates from the eighteenth century, with the
(5) of daily newspapers that were written to (6) the views of particular parties or
social groups. There is a great variety of journalism on (7) in Britain, ranging from
 the scandals of the tabloid newspapers to the high-quality reporting of the more (8)
publications.
Changes in journalism in the twentieth century (9) place as a result of
technological (10) : the teletypewriter, the radio, and then television. While the (11)
of the newspapers journalism may have (12) in recent years, many radio and
television journalism became (13) names as they reported events while they were
(14) happening. News broadcaster Walter Cronkite, for example, will be remembered by
millions of television (15) for his coverage of events such as the funeral of American
president John F.Kennedy and the landing of the first man on the moon.
1. A. least B. first C. once D. all
2. A. taken B. given C. put D. shown
3. A. indeed B. therefore C. whereas D. however
4. A. increase B. ascent C. growth D. extent
5. A. release B. appearance C. receipt D. attendance
6. A. stretch B. widen C. expand D. spread
7. A. choice B. offer C. stock D. held
8. A. serious B. severe C. strict D. stern
9. A. gave B. stood C. took D. held
10. A. promotions B. revisions C. amendments D. advances
11. A. command B. mark C. influence D. advances
12. A. reduced B. declined C. retired D. departed
13. A. familiar B. known C. usual D. accustomed
14. A. rightly B. actually C. truly D. certainly
15. A. spectators B. passers-by C. observers D. viewers

127 A MUSICIAN IS DISCOVERED

When William was a small boy, the family spent their holidays on his grandfathers
farm in the mountains. On their arrival, the children (1) race around the yard and
orchard, overjoyed to be free from the strictly correct (2) expected of them in the
city. As the days passed, their parents also (3) increasingly relaxed, and the house
rang with the laughter of friends. It was during one of these visits that Williams (4)
to remember a tune led to the suggestion that the boy should (5) up a musical
instrument. One evening everyone was gathered in the living-room, and a discussion (6)
about the differences between a piece of music which was popular at the time and a
well-known folk song. Various adults tried to (7) the similarity of the two tunes to those who
(8) with them, but without success. (9) fell, and then William, who
was about five, made his (10) to the piano and played first one tune and then the
other. His parents and their friends were astonished (11) no one had even heard
William (12) to play before. That child must go to a music teacher, (13) on
neighbour, and the others agreed. Williams parents were persuaded to (14) help with
payment of the fees, and his musical (15) began.
1. A. were B. would C. might D. had
2. A. behaviour B. style C. manner D. attitude
3. A. showed B. acted C. became D. found
4. A. talent B. ability C. gift D. skill
5. A. bring B. start C. pick D. take
6. A. arose B. came C. entered D. happened
7. A. test B. claim C. prove D. pretend
8. A. refused B. resisted C. varied D. disagreed
9. A. Conclusion B. Argument C. Silence D. Doubt
10. A. way B. path C. route D. direction
11. A. so B. although C. when D. as
12. A. want B. try C. go D. decide
13. A. confirmed B. told C. stated D. expressed
14. A. achieve B. attain C. apply D. accept
15. A. career B. living C. work D. study

128 THE FAIREST LAND

In 1942, Christopher Columbus landed in what is now the Dominican Republic. He
looked around him and (1) , This is the fairest land human eyes have ever seen.
This is not surprising as the country (2) _ from a thousand miles of beautiful
coastline, the highest mountains in the Caribbean and spectacular national parks which (3)
sparkling rivers and deep canyons.
The Dominican Republic lies on the island (4) as Hispaniola, the second
largest in the Caribbean, which it (5) with its neighbour, Haiti. The island is
accessible to tourists as there are (6) flights from many parts of the world. If you
arrive as an independent holidaymaker, you should (7) a hire car or a taxi from the
airport and (8) for one of the tasteful hotels in the new (9) along the coast.
These developments offer incredible (10) for money compared with other Caribbean,
islands. You can participate in sports (11) sailing, snorkeling, canoeing, tennis or golf
and then, when the sun goes down, (12) the lively evening entertainment.
But the highlight of any (13) to the island is a visit to the capital, Santo
Domingo. It boasts the oldest buildings in the America. A cathedral, a university and a
hospital, all situated within the beautifully (14) Old Colonial Quarter and all (15)
from early 1500s.

1. A. resumed B. responded C. denied D. declared

2. A. rewards B. benefits C. advantages D. favours
3. A. contain B. compose C. concern D. complete
4. A. meant B. called C. known D. named
5. A. splits B. divides C. halves D. shares
6. A. ready B. direct C. stable D. straight
7. A. pick up B. drive off C. take on D. get by
8. A. seek B. turn C. head D. point
9. A. resorts B. restorations C. refreshment D. resources
10. A. deal B. value C. bargain D. saving
11. A. so as to B. as for C. such as D. as if
12. A. join in B. make up C. put on D. take part
13. A. jump B. travel C. stay D. trip
14. A. reversed B. preserved C. conserved D. revised
15. A. lasting B. ageing C. dating D.timing
129 THE BEGINNINGS OF FLIGHT
The story of mans mastery of the air is almost as old as man himself, a puzzle in
which the essential clues were not found until a very late stage. However, to (1) this
we must first go back to the time when primitive man (2) his food, and only birds and
insects flew. We cannot know with any certainly when man first deliberately shaped weapons
for throwing, but that (3) of conscious design marked the first step on a road that (4)
from the spear and the arrow to the aeroplane and the giant rocket of the present (5)
. It would seem, in fact, that this (6) to throw things is one of the most primitive
and deep-seated of our instincts, (7) in childhood an persisting into old age. The more
mature ambition to throw things swiftly and accurately, which is the origin of most (8)
games, probably has its roots in the ages when the possession of a (9) weapon and
the ability to throw it with force and accuracy (10) the difference between eating and
starving.
It is significant that such weapons were (11) and brought to their (12)
form at an early stage in history. If we were restricted to the same (13) , it is doubtful
if we could produce better bows and arrows than those that (14) the armies of the
past. The arrow was the first true weapon capable of maintaining direction over considerable
(15) . It was to be centuries before man himself could fly.
1. A. value B. approve C. understand D. realize
2. A. pursued B. followed up C. chased D. hunted for
3. A. event B. act C. action D. hunted for
4. A. takes B. moves C. leads D. brings
5. A. day B. instant C. hour D. moment
6. A. feeling B. encouragement C. urge D. emotion
7. A. coming B. growing C. arriving D. appearing
8. A. exterior B. outside C. outdoor D. external
9. A. suitable B. fitting C. related D. chosen
10. A. involved B. meant C. told D. showed
11. A. produced B. imagined C. invented D. planned
12. A. last B. final C. latest D. older
13. A. materials B. substances C. matters D. sources
14. A. ruined B. exploded C. spoiled D. destroyed
15. A. lengths B. distances C. areas D. extents
130 THE LANGUAGE OF TEARS
The ability to weep is a uniquely human form of emotional response. Some scientists
have suggested that human tears are evidence of an aquatic past but this does not seem very
likely. We cry from the moment we enter this (1) , for a number of reasons.
Helpless babies cry to (2) their parents that they are ill, hungry or uncomfortable. As
they (3) they will also cry just to attract parental attention and will often stop when
they get it.
The idea that (4) a good cry can do you (5) is a very old one and now it
has scientific (6) since recent research into tears has shown that they (7) a
natural painkiller called enkaphalin. By (8) sorrow and pain this chemical helps you to
feel better. Weeping can increase the quantities of enkaphalin you (9) .
 Unfortunately, in our society we impose restrictions upon this naturally (10)
activity. Because some people still regard it as a (11) of weakness in men, boys in
particular are admonished when they cry. This kind of repression can only increase stress,
both emotionally and physically.
Tears of emotion also help the body (12) itself of toxic chemical (13)
, for there is more protein in them than in tears resulting from cold winds or
other irritants. Crying comforts, calms and can be very enjoyable (14) the popularity
of the highly emotional films which are commonly (15) weepies. It seems that
people enjoy crying together almost as much as laughing together.
1. A. world B. place C. earth D. space
2. A. inform B. communicate C. persuade D. demonstrate
3. A. evolve B. develop C. alter D. change
4. A. doing B. making C. getting D. having
5. A. good B. fine C. better D. well
6. A. truth B. validity C. reality D. reason
7. A. hold B. retain C. contain D. keep
8. A. struggling B. fighting C. opposing D. striking
9. A. construct B. achieve C. provide D. produce
10. A. curing B. treating C. healing D. improving
11. A. sign B. symboy C. feature D. hint
12. A. release B. rid C. loosen D. expel
13. A. rubbish B. remains C. leftovers D. waste
14. A. distinguish B. remark C. consider D. regard
15. A. named B. entitled C. subtitled D. called

131 DRIVING FROM BEIJING TO PARIS

Every journey begins with a single step. We might (1) this proverb for the
16,000 km Beijing to Paris car rally, and say that every rally begins with a (2) of
the wheel. From China, several hundred courageous men and women will (3) out
for Paris in pursuit of what, for many, is likely to prove an impossible (4) _ .
Everybody is prepared for the worst and expects a high drop-out (5) _, especially on
the rallys difficult first (6) across central China and over the high mountain (7)
 of the Himalayas. If twenty-five cars (8) it to Paris, well be doing
well, says Philip Young, the rally organizer.
 Now planned as an annual event, the first Beijing-Paris car rally took place in 1907. It
was won by Prince Borghese, an Italian adventurer, who crossed the (9) _ line just a few
metres (10) of the only other car to complete the race. Nowadays, not many people know
about Prince Borghese, but at the time his achievement was (11) as comparable to
that of Marco Polo, who travelled from Venice to China in the thirteenth century.
According to the (12) , all the cars in the rally must be more than thirty years
old, which means that the (13) roads and high altitude are a (14) _ test of both
the cars and the drivers. A sense of adventure is essential. One driver said, Our (15)
is to have a good time, enjoy the experience and the magnificent scenery and the adventure
of a lifetime.
1. A. adapt B. moderate C. improve D. form
2. A. revolution B. turn C. rotation D. circle
3. A. head B. move C. try D. set
4. A. vision B. dream C. hope D. fantasy
5. A. frequency B. number C. speed D. rate
6. A. stage B. round C. time D. period
7. A. crossings B. final C. finishing D. ending
8. A. make B. take C. get D. have
9. A. closing B. final C. finishing D. ending
10. A. forward B. front C. advance D. ahead
11. A. referred B. regarded C. thought D. noted
12. A. orders B. customs C. laws D. rules
13. A. rough B. undeveloped C. broken D. crude
14. A. firm B. strict C. severe D. grave
15. A. target B. aim C. proposal D. intent

132 AN ALTERNATIVE DIET

Karaoke enthusiasts can now enjoy their sometimes nervous performances safe in
the knowledge that they are at (1) losing some weight. Thanks to Tokyo-based
Dajichikosho, which sells and (2) out karaoke equipment, karaoke machines can
now (3) how many calories the singer has burnt while singing the song. (4)
 40,000 users of its karaoke song-broadcasting service (5) Japan have
now (6) up for the companys Karaoke diet.
 Such factors as the volume and pitch of the singers voice and the tempo and length
of the song were (7) into consideration before assigning calorie burning values to
more than 1,000 favourite tunes. (8) _ , the longer and liverier one sings, the (9)
calories are burned, said a company spokesman.
(10) to Daiichikosho, the Beatles Let It Be burns up 11.4 kcal; but
for those (11) in shedding a little more weight a rendition of Frank Sinatras classic
My Way will (12) in the loss of 15.6 kcal. An average man will burn up
approximately 81 kcal (13) a ten-minute walk, suggesting that karaoke may not be
the ideal weight loss programme.
In fact, indulging in karaoke (literally empty orchestra) can be counterproductive
to any diet as the singing of such songs usually (14) a drink causing the singer to (15)
back on the same calories they may have just lost.

1. A. same B. least C. time D. all

2. A. borrows B. hands C. hires D. spends
3. A. work out B. come across C. put down D. turn up
4. A. Several B. Over C. Many D. Various
5. A. for B. through C. by D. throughout
6. A. gone B. taken C. signed D. registered
7. A. taken B. brought C. held D. put
8. A. Increasingly B. Deliberately C. Intentionally D. Naturally
9. A. fast B. more C. many D. harder
10. A. Regarding B. Concerning C. According D. Believing
11. A. enthusiastic B. concerned C. keen D. interested
12. A. result B. cause C. lead D. provide
13. A. until B. while C. meanwhile D. during
14. A. requires B. requests C. asks for D. wants
15. A. bring B. place C. put D. get

133 GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM

GPS, or Global Positioning System, is a remarkable (1) . Using a simple
receiver, it is now possible to know your exact (2) on Earth at the press of a button,
possibly making the simple map and compass (3) .
 The (4) of GPS was developed by the US military and the system was set
(5) by them. It is (6) on a network of 24 satellites in orbit around the
Earth. Using radio signals, the hand-held receiver calculates the (7) to the satellites
and is then able to figure (8) where the user is to (9) a few metres.
There are (10) practical applications of this system. For example, it was
used during (11) of the Channel Tunnel, connecting England to France, to (12)
sure that the two ends of the tunnel met in the middle. Car companies are currently
(13) ways of including GPS (14) in every car, so (15)
whether to turn right or left at the next unction could soon be a thing of the past.
1. A. appliance B. discovery C. invention D. solution
2. A. point B. location C. region D. destination
3. A. obsolete B. classic C. traditional D. old
4. A. thought B. ideal C. image D. concept
5. A. off B. up C. in D. over
6. A. held B. fixed C. taken D. based
7. A. length B. line C. distance D. size
8. A. off B. up C. on D. out
9. A. among B. within C. between D. around
10. A. uncountable B. grand C. massive D. numerous
11. A. constrution B. installation C. shaping D. manufacture
12. A. do B. have C. make D. take
13. A. predicting B. researching C. estimating D. experimenting
14. A. equipment B. appliances C. tools D. gadgets
15. A. declaring B. doubting C. wondering D. knowing

134 MONEY IN SPORT

Today, the distinction between the professional and the (1) is purely a
matter of sporting success. Most (2) start their careers by winning competitions for
nonprofessionals before deciding to (3) themselves to their chosen sport. However,
for a long time it used to be believed that getting paid for a sporting (4) destroyed
the ancient Olympic (5) of people simply trying to do their best for the love of the
sport.
 In fact, even (6) _ in ancient Olympic (7) were able to make large
amounts of money from winning. At the games themselves, only a laurel wreath was (8)
to the winner, but back in his (9) town he could become very rich.
th
During most of the 20 century, professionals were (10) from entering the
Olympics. This gave the wealthy an advantage (11) they could afford to train and
compete without needing to earn money. In 1988, the IOC (which (12) for
International Olympic Committee) decided to allow professionals to take (13) in
the Olympics. Only boxing and football still restrict the (14) of professionals
allowed to compete. Boxing does not allow professionals at all, while Olympic football teams
are allowed up to three professionals (15) the side.
1. A. champion B. umpire C. amateur D. volunteer
2. A. athletes B. rivals C. runners-up D. opponents
3. A. concentrate B. focus C. devote D. aim
4. A. action B. performance C. activity D. recreation
5. A. suggestion B. thought C. belief D. ideal
6. A. players B. participants C. members D. attendants
7. A. sessions B. acts C. plays D. events
8. A. awarded B. earned C. gained D. rewarded
9. A. birth B. native C. original D. home
10. A. prevented B. disallowed C. refused D. denied
11. A. but B. despite C. since D. although
12. A. stands B. takes C. means D. goes
13. A. place B. account C. part D. sides
14. A. amount B. number C. degree D. quantity
15. A. into B. at C. to D. on

135 INTERNET BUSINESS

In the mid to late 1990s, thousands of new companies were (1) up with one
purpose: to (2) from the explosion of interest in the Internet. Large corporations
were happy to (3) millions in the weirdest website ideas, confident that they would
make a (4) overtime. Most of them didnt. Indeed, the vast (5) of them
have gone (6) , leaving their investors severely out of pocket. So what went wrong?
 The main mistake that companies (7) was to forget to ask how their dot
com company (as Internet based companies are sometimes called) would actually make a (8)
. It sounds fairly obvious now, but in the rush to get on the Net, the whole
concept was (9) _. There was also a second problem which dot corns did not (10)
. Yes, Internet traffic was (11) enormously, but people still felt
uncomfortable many still do, in fact about buying products and services online. Even if the
dot corms had (12) sensible business ideas, its unlikely they would have brought
in enough to cover their (13) investment.
There were some (14) , of course. Some companies have been hugely
successful on the Internet. Most, however, found it wasnt as easy to (15) an
Internet business as theyd thought.
1. A. help B. set C. got D. let
2. A. achieve B. acquire C. benefit D. obtain
3. A. invest B. add C. pay D. throw
4. A. prosperity B. wealth C. treasure D. fortune
5. A. amount B. majority C. load D. lot
6. A. ruined B. smashed C. broken D. bust
7. A. did B. made C. had D. took
8. A. profit B. salary C. commission D. royalty
9. A. overseen B. unobserveed C. reviewed D. overlooked
10. A. hesitate B. regard C. anticipate D. maintain
11. A. raising B. increasing C. improving D. extending
12. A. worked out B. brought out C. come into D. make up
13. A. novel B. authentic C. initial D. innovative
14. A. endings B. differences C. exclusions D. exceptions
15. A. run B. rule C. govern D. supervise

136 GUILTY OR NOT GUILTY

In many legal (1) around the world, the defendant is (2) _ to be
innocent until proven guilty. This mean in (3) that it is not (4) to the
defendants lawyers to prove that the defendant did not commit the crime he or she is (5)
 of. Rather, it is the responsibility of the (6) to prove beyond a reasonable
doubt that the defendant did (7) the law.
 But what does the phrase beyond a reasonable doubt mean in (8) ? It
mean that, although there may not be absolute (9) such as a video, that the
defendant committed the crime, the judge or (10) _ after having examined all the
(11) , are certain that the person is guilty. If they are not certain, or , in (12)
words, if they believe there is a reasonable doubt, they must find the defendant
not guilty. In British (13) , defendants are never (4) innocent. The only
possible (15) are guilty or not guilty.
1. A. structures B. arrangements C. contructions D. systems
2. A. asked B. considered C. known D. hoped
3. A. effect B. agreement C. relation D. terms
4. A. about B. over C. up D. round
5. A. blamed B. accused C. charged D. arrested
6. A. persecution B. prescription C. persuasion D. prosecution
7. A. break B. abandon C. commit D. cheat
8. A. favour B. front C. prison D. practice
9. A. observation B. proof C. sign D. demonstration
10. A. audience B. team C. jury D. collective
11. A. evidence B. hints C. confirmation D. warnings
12. A. differing B. more C. other D. these
13. A. exhibitions B. institutions C. councils D. courts
14. A. declared B. mentioned C. spoken D. stated
15. A. conclusions B. verdicts C. decisions D. effects

137 AN UNDERWATER SWIM

I have always wanted to swim the English Channel underwater and as a former
Olympic gold medalist I (1) that I have the training to attempt (2) a
swim. The Channel is, I suppose, the Mount Everest of the swimming world (3) to
do it underwater will be an even greater (4) for me. Although many swimmers
have (5) the Channel, it will be the first time that a former Olympic gold medallist
has over done it. I am (6) to do it n six to eight hours. I want to (7)
money for a number of new charities and I am especially (8) on the charities that
protect the worlds seas. I will be swimming (9) _ the Channel in the summer. In
(10) to (11) _ this out I have to follow a strict exercise programme. A
 usual training session for me would (12) _ of thirty minutes in the weight room,
thirty minutes doing different exercises and then three hourss straitht swimming. I have to be
(13) of my diet so that it is a healthy and balanced one. I will (14) ready
to set a record in something that has never been (15) before and which someone
will have difficulty in breaking.
1. A. feel B. regard C. sense D. propose
2. A. quite B. such C. rather D. so
3. A. and B. but C. as well as D. because
4. A. prize B. work C. duty D. achievement
5. A. moved B. passed C. crossed D. rum
6. A. forming B. willing C. agreeing D. hoping
7. A. give B. raise C. save D. contribute
8. A. in favour B. interested C. thinking D. keen
9. A. across B. through C. over D. along
10. A. time B. respect C. order D. regard
11. A. cut B. carry C. clear D. check
12. A. consist B. spend C. amount D. have
13. A. capable B. accustomed C. enthusiastic D. conscious
14. A. have B. be C. do D. try
15. A. given B. made C. done D. kept

138 A GREAT SUPPORTER

Jim Stopford is a man who can hardly read or write, but talks with a great deal (1)
feeling for something that he has (2) _ his life to. He gives talks to a (3)
number of children every year o lizards, snakes, tortoises, turtles and (4)
crocodiles so that they can understand what a(n) (5) part of the animal world this
species is. He has set (6) a free rescue service where trained people are ready to (7)
anyone who has been bitten by a snake. A good number of people have also been
trained to catch poisonous snakes. Jim, who (8) in Sydney, goes to many schools
giving talks and showing the children his snakes. He (9) the snakes habitat, what
they eat and how they move. He is now preparing a book (10) this subject. He
believes that snakes should be (11) because they are dying out. He (12)
believes that if snakes are (13) alone they will not harm anyone. (14)
Australia has the greatest number of poisonous snakes on the planet, he has always (15)
people to be careful when they see one.

1. A. about B. off C. with D. of

2. A. taken B. given C. seen D. spent
3. A. many B. lot C. much D. large
4. A. surely B. even C. undoubtedly D. probably
5. A. usual B. proper C. important D. specific
6. A. up B. about C. out D. off
7. A. provide B. give C. organise D. help
8. A. lives B. stays C. settles D. remains
9. A. draws B. shows C. describes D. tells
10. A. on B. of C. by D. for
11. A. cared B. protected C. guaranteed D. favoured
12. A. apart from B. besides C. too D. also
13. A. left B. undisturbed C. departed D. moved
14. A. While B. Since C. Although D. Despite
15. A. claimed B. suggested C. advised D. explained

139 LAKE MALAWI

When David Livingstone arrived in this part of Africa in the 1850s he asked the name
of the great stretch of (1) water. He was told it was called nyasa, which means
lake. So the lake became (2) as Lake Nyasa (Lake Lake) and the country as
Nyasaland. When the country became independent in 1964 the new Republic chose the
name of Malawi.
Lake Malawi (3) nearly 24,000 square kilometres, about one-fifth of the
total (4) of the Republic of Malawi. The lake (5) 473 metres above sea
(6) in the deep valley on both sides and the (8) round the lake is
spectacular. The water is fresh and there are no tides or currents. The lake contains over 220
varieties of fish, the (9) _ of which are not found anywhere else in the world. There
are also crocodiles, but these generally keep away from (10) areas.
Lake Malawi has a constantly changing character (11) on the time of the
day, the weather and the (12) . One moment the water may be as (13)
silk and then suddenly waves seven metres high can beat against the (14) . It is
generally calmest from March to May, and the temperature never (15) below 21c.
the area has a particularly low annual rainfall.

1. A. inner B. inland C. interior D. internal

2. A. known B. considered C. called D. named
3. A. contains B. crosses C. covers D. includes
4. A. district B. territory C. region D. state
5. A. exists B. lays C. rests D. lies
6. A. height B. position C. level D. surface
7. A. overlook B. overflow C. overcome D. overtake
8. A. environment B. vision C. sight D. scenery
9. A. chief B. rest C. majority D. whole
10. A. inhabited B. lived C. lodged D. occupied
11. A. based B. depending C. counting D. determind
12. A. occasion B. period C. term D. season
13. A. even B. flat C. smooth D. steady
14. A. banks B. borders C. coasts D. shores
15. A. drops B. depresses C. decreases D. lowers

140 AN ACTING CAREER

My younger sister is a potential star of stage and screen, or at least thats what she
tells me. Last week she had an (1) . It was for the (2) of Juliet in
Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet. It went well and she starts (3) next week. This is
the first (4) that she has been in, but shes done quite a lot of TV (5)
work and shes also been in a couple of films. The last film she was in was called The
Magician. It was set in ancient Egypt and she was in a crowd (6) with thousands of
other people. When I went to see it I sat in the front (7) so that I could see the (8)
really clearly, but I still couldnt pick out my sister in the crowd. She says the (9)
was one of the best professionals she has worked with but I must say the (10)
seemed a bit stupid to me. It was all (11) a very clever magician who
had managed to travel back though time to the court of Tutankhamen. The (12)
were magnificent and so were some of the sets but having an actor saying (13) in
 present day American English just didnt work. The (14) was really ridiculous. The
magician got accidentally buried with Tutankhamen. Funnily enough, the rest of the (5)
seemed to have rather enjoyed the film.

1. A. audition B. interview C. trial D. test

2. A. job B. position C. part D. post
3. A. rehearsals B. practices C. exercises D. training sessions
4. A. game B. activity C. theatre D. play
5. A. publicity B. advertising C. propagnda D. display
6. A. scenery B. view C. scence D. spot
7. A. row B. queue C. file D. line
8. A. board B. curtain C. blind D. screen
9. A. conductor B. director C. chief D. master
10. A. plot B. argument C. dialogue D. letters
11. A. on B. over C. about D. concerning
12. A. dressings B. cloths C. customs D. costumes
13. A. scripts B. lines C. play D. readings
14. A. final B. culmination C. ending D. end
15. A. public B. audience C. spectators D. viewers

141 A YOUNG BUSINESSMAN

Although he is only 12, James Harries has his own antiques business and a flower
shop. James has a good eye for a (1) says his mother. He was only 8 when he
bought that for 5p.She points to a china statuette (2) 4,000. James gets most
of his (3) of antiques from jumble sales. Last year he bought a necklace for 10p
which turned (4) to be (5) . He sold it for 8,000.
James didnt (6) on at school so his parents (7) a private tutor.
Other children think I am strange because I (8) my own living and I dont want to
(9) in their games.
James explains the success of his flower shop : My prices have (10) less
than those of my competitors this year. Also Ive got a special offer for wedding parties. I
give them a Rolls-Royce for the day if they spend more than 100 on flowers. My employees
dont particularly like working for a 12- year- old, but I pay their (11) so they cant
complain! With his high (12) , James could (13) many luxuries, but he
prefers to save his money. I (14) as much as I can. I have a lot of plans for
the future and I will need to be rich to (15) them out.
1. A. reduction B. bonus C. discount D. bargain
2. A. worth B. on behalf of C. over D. on account of
3. A. property B. variety C. store D. stock
4. A. down B. out C. up D. into
5. A. expensive B. rich C. worthwhile D. valuable
6. A. catch B. get C. hang D. hold
7. A. adopted B. bought C. hired D. rented
8. A. earn B. gain C. have D. win
9. A. break B. bring C. join D. call
10. A. risen B. lifted C. raised D. grown
11. A. fees B. wages C. tips D. rewars
12. A. income B. capital C. credit D. benefit
13. A. pay B. invest C. afford D. spend
14. A. count up B. put aside C. keep back D. sort out
15. A. make B. draw C. carry D. pick

142 THE LIFE OF A COUNTRY VET

Don Strange, who works as a vet in northern England leads a busy life. As well as
having to (1) pets which are unwell, he often visits farms where problems of
various kinds (2) him. He has lost (3) _ of the number or times he has
been called out at midnight to give (4) to a farmer with sick sheep or cows.
Recently a television company chose Don as the (5) of a documentary
programme it was (6) about the life of a country vet. The programme showed the
difficult situations Don (7) everyday, such as helping a crow to give birth, or
winning the trust of an aggressive dog which needs an injection. Not all of Dons patents are
domestic animals, (8) , and in the programme people say him helping an owl
which had a damaged wing. It also showed Don (9) a meeting with villagers concerned
about the damage a new road might do to their (10) environment.
(11) loved the documentary and, overnight, don became a household (12)
 , known to millions of people. He continues to receive (13) numbers of
letters which made a real (14) on him, especially those from teenagers who have
made the important decision in to become vets themselves as a (15) of seeing the
programme.
1. A. deal B. fix C. treat D. solve
2. A. appeal B. expect C. demand D. await
3. A. count B. memory C. score D. patience
4. A. suggestion B. warning C. advice D. recommendation
5. A. feature B. subject C. case D. character
6. A. doing B. getting C. giving D. making
7. A. greets B. faces C. copes D. stands
8. A. although B. therefore C. yet D. however
9. A. holding B. keeping C. carrying D. taking
10. A. nearby B. local C. area D. close
11. A. Onlookers B. Watchers C. Spectators D. Viewers
12. A. name B. word C. fame D. star
13. A. great B. wide C. large D. long
14. A. effect B. impression C. emotion D. influence
15. A. response B. procduct C. result D. profit

143

My wife Penny and I are recovering from weekend visitors. Dont misunderstand me-
we enjoy company and love to (1) our friends and relatives. But not this time. Fred
and Kate were old friends from our college (2) . So you would think we would
have a fairly (3) idea what sort of people they were, even though we hadnt seen them
for (4) years.
We soon discovered, unfortunately that our lives had (5) very different
directions. Penny and I have two small children. Delightful but (6) , they dictate the
style of our life. (7) many other young couples, we find weekends are a matter of
trying to snatch a few moments of relaxation in between catching up with all the (8)
.
Kate and Fred (9) more money than us, they work longer hours, and they
(10) their leisure time to be just that, leisure. The (11) tiring thing Fred
does on a Sunday is to walk up the road to the (12) newsagent. To be (13)
, Kate wasnt as bad as Fred. But she wasnt much better.
 By the time they left, Penny and I were exhausted. Wed cooked, served and learned
up six meals without a (14) offer of help. We didnt know whether to laugh or cry.
Luckily we (15) _ to laugh.

1. A. receive B. Visit C. entertain D. host

2. A. term B. Ages C. times D. days
3. A. fine B. Good C. strong D. right
4. A. numerous B. Plenty C. passing D. several
5. A. chosen B. Left C. taken D. had
6. A. tiring B. Tired C. amused D. amusing
7. A. As B. Like C. Similar D. Same
8. A. housework B. housekeeping C. household D. homework
9. A. gain B. earn C. fetch D. bring
10. A. intend B. insist C. expect D. rely
11. A. more B. very C. almost D. most
12. A. local B. neighbouring C. near D. district
13. A. true B. fair C. real D. straight
14. A. lonely B. unique C. alone D. single
15. A. managed B. succeeded C. reached D. achieved

144 BALLOOON ADVENTURE

Brain Jones is the British half of the first team to go round the world in a balloon. He
and his Swiss co-pilot have written an account of the 19-day expedition they (1) in
March 1999. It was an astonishing triumph. Nobody (2) them to finish the voyage.
They (3) with poisonous fumes, temperatures of minus 50 degrees Celsius and an
Atlantic crossing with (4) any fuel.
Fourteen years (5) , Brain was a reasonably successful businessman, (6)
he tired of his furniture business and (7) to buy a balloon. Before long he was one of
the countrys (8) balloon instructors and pilots. Why did he risk everything for one
trip? He says he was not a very confident child: At seven a friend (9) me to go down
a water slide. I still (10) being absolutely terrified. I couldnt swim and I have never
learnt to swim properly. He thinks everyone should face their greatest (11) and that
is one reason why he went up in the balloon. Six of the 19 days they were (12) the air
were spent (13) at the Pacific Ocean 8,000 miles of water. Brain says he wont (14)
to do it again because there are so many other things he (15) _ to do.

1. A. completed B. succeeded C. performed D. followed

2. A. admitted B. hoped C. intended D. expected
3. A. put up B. got along C. kept up D. did away
4. A. almost B. hardly C. quite D. rather
5. A. after B. since C. ago D. past
6. A. so B. althuogh C. since D. but
7. A. thought B. decided C. afforded D. considered
8. A. unique B. preferable C. suitable D. leading
9. A. demanded B. threatened C. dared D. wished
10. A. forget B. remember C. remind D. regret
11. A. fears B. suspicions C. disturbances D. frights
12. A. on B. to C. by D. in
13. A. watching B. observing C. staring D. seeing
14. A. attept B. imagine C. delay D. suggest
15. A. fancies B. wants C. enjoys D. appreciates

145 THE EARLY RAILWAY IN BRITAIN

In 1830, there were under 100 miles of public railway in Britain. Yet within 20 years,
this figure had grown to more than 5,000 miles. By the end of the century, almost enough rail
track to (1) the world covered this small island, (2) the nature of travel for
ever and contributing to the industrial revolution that changed the (3) of history in
many parts of the world.
Wherever railways were introduced, economic and social progress quickly (4)
. In a single day, rail passengers could travel hundreds of miles, (5) previous
journey times by huge margins and bringing rapid travel within the (6) of ordinary
people. Previously, many people had never ventured (7) the outskirts of their towns
and villages. The railway brought them (8) _ freedom and enlightenment.
th
In the 19 century, the railway in Britain (9) something more than just the
business of carrying goods and passengers. Trains were associated with romance, adventure
and, frequently, (10) luxury. The great steam locomotives that thundered across the
land were the jet airliners of their (11) , carrying passengers in comfort over vast
distances in unimaginably short times. But the railways (12) more than revolutionise
travel; they also (13) a distinctive and permanent mark on the British landscape.
Whole towns and industrial centres (14) up around major rail junctions, monumental
bridges and viaducts crossed rivers and valleys and the railway stations themselves became
(15) places to spend time between journeys.

1. A. revolve B. enclose C. orbit D. encirle

2. A. adapting B. amending C. altering D. adjusting
3. A. course B. way C. line D. route
4. A. pursued B. followed C. succeeded D. chased
5. A. cutting B. subtracting C. cancelling D. abolishing
6. A. capacity B. reach C. facility D. hold
7. A. further B. over C. above D. beyond
8. A. larger B. higher C. greater D. bigger
9. A. represented B. functioned C. served D. performed
10. A. generous B. cosiderable C. plentiful D. sizeable
11. A. date B. stage C. day D. phase
12. A. caused B. turned C. produced D. did
13. A. laid B. set C. left D. settled
14. A. jumped B. stood C. burst D. sprang
15. A. preferable B. desirable C. liked D. wanted

146 WE REALLY CAN TELL IF WE ARE BEING WATCHED

Stories about how people somehow know when they are being watched have been
going around for years. However, few attempts have been made to investigate the
phenomenon scientifically. Now, with the completion of the largest ever study of the so-
called starting effect, there is impressive evidence that this is a recognisable and (1)
sixth sense. The study (2) hundreds of children. For the experiments, they sat with
their eyes (3) so they could not see, and with their backs to other children, who were
told to either stare at them or look away. Time and time again the results showed that the
children who could not see were able to (4) _ when they were being watched almost
70% of the time. The experiment was repeated with the (8) precaution of putting the
children who were being watched outside the room, (9) from the stares by the
windows. This was done just in case there was some (10) going on with the children
telling each other whether they were looking or not. This (11) the possibility of
sounds being (12) _ between the children. The result, though less impressive, were
more or less the same. Dr Sheldrake, the biologist who designed the study, believes that the
results are (13) enough to find out through further experiments (14) _ how the
starting effect might actually (15) .
1. A. genuine B. accepted C. received D. sure
2. A. comprised B. contained C. involved D. enclosed
3. A. shaded B. covered C. masked D. wrapped
4. A. find B. notice C. reveal D. tell
5. A. sum B. collection C. total D. mass
6. A. worked over B. carried out C. carried on D. worked thought
7. A. thoroughly B. exactly C. correctly D. perfectly
8. A. added B. attached C. connected D. increased
9. A. parted B. separated C. split D. divided
10. A. pretending B. lying C. deceiving D. cheating
11. A. prevented B. omitted C. evaded D. ended
12. A. delivered B. omitted C. transported D. distributed
13. A. satisfying B. persuading C. concluding D. convincing
14. A. precisely B. carefully C. definitely D. really
15. A. set out B. be looked at C. come about D. be help up

147 MARRACKECH
Where can you go January for almost guaranteed sunshine without travelling for
most of the day to get there? The answer is Marrakech in Morocco, a four-hour (1)
from Britain, where the (2) temperature is a pleasant 66F.
Marrakech is a City of (3) beauty, with its pink buildings and green palm trees
contrasting with the snow-covered (4) of the Atlas Mountains in the distance. For
tourists, theres the added attraction of excellent food at reasonlable prices and high quality
accommodation, such as Hotel La Momounia, (5) as one of the top hotels in the
world.
 (6) Marrakech is one of Moroccos busiest and most modern cities, the
influence of the Middle Ages is still very evident. (7) can admire the battlement,
towers and mosques, which were built (8) centuries ago. And forget about shopping
malls for perfumes, fabrics, antiques, spices and crafts, (9) the souks, open-air
market-places where youll almost (10) find something to take back home.
For those who want to (11) sport Marrakech has plenty to offer. (12)
golf and tennis, there is also skiing on the slopes of the High Atlas Mountains, where the (13)
of the surrounding area are quite spectacular. Alternatively, you could just relax (14)
a heated swimming pool and dream (15) your next visit.

1. A. flight B. trip C. travel D. voyage

2. A. middle B. average C. ordinary D. medium
3. A. big B. high C. extremely D. great
4. A. peaks B. hills C. heads D. surfaces
5. A. thought B. believed C. regarded D. judged
6. A. Althought B. However C. Despite D. Because
7. A. Spectators B. Viewers C. Sightseers D. Onlookers
8. A. plenty B. several C. ofen D. all
9. A. work out B. put up with C. make up for D. head for
10. A. likely B. probably C. certainly D. possibly
11. A. going B. practise C. practice D. do
12. A. As well B. More than C. In addition to D. Moreover
13. A. sights B. overlooks C. visions D. views
14. A. next B. by C. yourself D. you
15. A. of B. on C. with D. at

148 LONDON-THE STUDENTS CAPITAL?

London is the city which seems to draw people like a magnet from across the country
every year, not to (1) from around the world. London is cool, fashionable and multi-
cultural. For the (2) student, it is the most incredible arts, academic and entertainment
Mecca.
 London is one of the few real student capitals of the world. Despite the grime, the (3)
costs, the troublesome transport system and the (4) sensation of living with
eight million people, students (5) to the citys universities.
However, rents are cheap, with students paying around 75 a week for a room in a (6)
house. Halls of (7) are a little over this price but of course include meals
and (8) .
Work is plentiful at the moment though, so a part-time job should be easy (9)
across, and there are all sorts of graduate (10) with the best (11) of pay in the
country. The London institutions try to play (12) the coast of (13) so as not to
(14) off future students, but there is no doubt about it, London costs money and you
will be looking at a sizable (15) on graduating.
1. A. say B. mention C. utter D. include
2. A. budding B. bidding C. blooming D. blithering
3. A. peak B. money C. high D. extreme
4. A. overestimated B. overawed C. overloaded D. overwhelming
5. A. stem B. wave C. flock D. pounce
6. A. divided B. parted C. separated D. shared
7. A. wards B. residence C. dormitories D. accommodation
8. A. invoices B. costs C. bills D. receipts
9. A. come B. get C. do D. put
10. A. chances B. possibilities C. occasions D. opportunities
11. A. rates B. terms C. conditions D. means
12. A. tip B. at C. down D. out
13. A. life B. living C. live D. livelihood
14. A. set B. run C. write D. put
15. A. debt B. increase C. balance D. Gain

149 NEREA DE CLIFFORD

 Nerea de Clifford, who has died aged 82, was a doughty champion of British cats and
a pillar of The Cat Protection League which she (1) shortly after its foundation in
1927 and served as president from the 1970s until the time of her death.
 Among her many (2) to the welfare of cats and to our knowledge of their
way- were the establishment of a sanctuary for them at New Malden, and the publication of
such report as What British Cats Think About Television, in which she noted that most
cats
(3) an interest of some kind, though it is often of hostility; a significant
reaction is the display of excitement when any picture, especially of birds, moves quickly
across the (4) .
Nerea Elizabeth de Clifford was born West London in 1905, and as a young woman
was a distinguished (5) _ of cats. During the Second World War she devoted herself to
the rescue of cats, trapped in the rubble of the blitz, and (6) to vigorous campaigns
for free feline birth (7) _ .
She (8) an adoption scheme for which her Homes Wanted list contained
some notably frank character (9) _ - a little fiend in feline form ; willing to do light
mouse-work and very good at it, non-uion; a rough old (10) , and so on and made
a (11) of feeding Londons cats at Christmas, a favourite repast apparently being fish
and chips. She also plumbed the mysteries of why cats (12) - some because they have
just murdered the Pekinese next door, other for no good (13) at all.
De Clofford was also a much respected (14) at cat shows around the country,
and gave a series of lecture tours at schools on the (15) and care of cats.
1. A. met B. enrolled C. entered D. joined
2. A. donations B. contributions C. gifts D. dedications
3. A. show B. give C. make D. have
4. A. box B. screen C. film D. view
5. A. breeder B. grower C. trainer D. farmer
6. A. therein B. thereafter C. thereby D. therefore
7. A. limitation B. check C. control D. restriction
8. A. ran B. made C. held D. gave
9. A. paintings B. drawings C. pictures D. sketches
10. A. drifter B. ranger C. stray D. rover
11. A. point B. rule C. round D. custom
12. A. snore B. hum C. rumble D. purr
13. A. purpose B. use C. reason D. point
14. A. referee B. judge C. arbitrator D. umpire
15. A. coaching B. guidance C. trainig D. preparation
150 A WEDDING CONSULTANT
The idea for the business came to me when I was (1) for my own wedding
in the (2) 1990s. At the time I was doing a (3) in business studies at university
and I had (4) difficulty concentrating on both things at once.
Almost immediately after graduating I borrowed some money from the bank and (5)
up the wedding consultancy. My work (6) organizing everything from pre-
wedding stag and her parties to the booking of venues, caterers, photographers and cars.
Some (7) have neither the time nor the inclination to make any of the necessary
arrangements for their wedding and they ask me to take (8) of absolutely everything.
For many clients I (9) the role of big sister, guiding them through the whole process,
giving (10) on different aspects of the wedding and reassuring them that everything is
under control.
I can be working on as (11) as five weddings at the same time, and as each big
day approaches I need to work very long (12) to ensure things go smoothly.
Naturally, everyone wants their wedding to be special and nearly all want something (13)
. Ive organized weddings in monasteries, weddings in castles and (14)
weddings on boats or trains. Making peoples dreams come true is a wonderful way to (15)
a living.

1. A. preparing B. arranging C. organizing D. appointing

2. A. first B. beginning C. early D. soon
3. A. career B. degree C. title D. study
4. A. important B. large C. grand D. considerable
5. A. got B. made C. set D. formed
6. A. involves B. consists C. pretends D. contains
7. A. pairs B. couples C. doubles D. partnerships
8. A. care B. attention C. mind D. guard
9. A. do B. make C. play D. give
10. A. suggestion B. interest C. insight D. advice
11. A. several B. many C. various D. numerous
12. A. time B. day C. shifts D. hours
13. A. unlike B. single C. unique D. only
14. A. just B. until C. towards D. even
 15. A. earn B. take C. do D. win

151 A CALL FOR HELP

When a group of church-goers turned up for their regular (1) evening church
service in the village of Ashurst last Tuesday, they had no idea what was (2) to happen to
them.
(3) after the service had begun, a sudden (4) of wind caught the heavy
church door, (5) it to shut ad lock.
(6) themselves trapped inside without a key, the imprisoned worshippers used
the churchs 200 year-old bells to sound an SOS signal, hoping to (7) the attention of
their fellow villagers. The bells had not been rung for quite a (8) of years.
Kate Pickering, 75, said afterwards: (9) we all thought it was quite amusing,
and we had a good laugh about it, but after a while we began to (10) _ it was not so
funny. It was actually quite (11) .
It was Angus Barclay, 39, who (12) the idea of using Morse Code. He said:
The bells are rather heavy so we (13) turns to pull on the ropes. We gave three long
rings, followed by three short ones and then three long ones again.
Unfortunately, (14) of the villages 255 inhabitants understood the signal. The
church-goers were eventually freed after Mr Barclay (15) to climb up to the top of the
bell tower and call for help. A passing cyclist heard his shouts and contacted the police.
1. A. soon
14. A. anybody B. start
B. any C. first
C. nobody D.
D. early
none
2.
15. A.
A. around
succedded B.
B. ahead
managed C. about
C. arrived D.
D. away
achieved
3. A. Exactly B. shortly C. Hardly D. Justly
4. A. gust B. current C. gale D. breeze
152 LOCAL HERO
5. A. making B. causing C. provoking D. letting
Seven year old Samantha Green is a local after rescuing an eleven year old boy from
6. A. Getting B. Being C. Having D. Finding
an icy death. Local schoolchildren always look (1) to the harsh months of January
7. A. attract B. pay C. invite D. bring
and February when they can go chugging childrens (2) for skating on the frozen
8. A. few B. quantity C. number D. variety
lake at a nearby disused quarry. (3) the warnings of teachers, parents and the police,
9. A. Firstly B. At first C. First of all D. For a start
it seems no one can (4) them not to skate on its surface. Children seem drawn to this
10. A. regard B. concern C. judge D. realize
(5) pastime precisely because of its dangers. Even though they are (6) of the
11. A. frightening B. terrific C. scared D. afraid
dangers there have been a great (7) of accidents involving youngsters. Last Sunday
12. A. got up to B. made up for C. came up with D. owned up to
afternoon was sunny but Martin Green (8) no notice of the change in the weather. (9)
13. A. took B. gave C. made D. did
 had taken six or seven steps in his new skates, when she heard his cries. Knowing it
was (11) for the ice to crack further, she crawled towards him on her hands and
knees. I was feeling cold and very (12) by this time Malcolm told us, and I knew
that if I passed (13) that was it. Fortunately, Samantha got to me just in time.
Samantha and her friends dragged him to safety by (14) of a rope made from their
scarves. Many locals believe it is time the council (15) in the quarry.
1. A. up B. in C. though D. forward
2. A. jargon B. slang C. dialect D. language
3. A. However B. Even C. Athough D. Despite
4. A. make B. prevent C. persuade D. discourage
5. A. deathly B. deadly C. fatally D. hardly
6. A. aware B. familiar C. willing D. acceptable
7. A. quantity B. deal C. amount D. number
8. A. took B. made C. did D. had
9. A. Just B. Almost C. Hardly D. Seldom
10. A. taking B. making C. walking D. having
11. A. likelihood B. likely C. possible D. risky
12. A. sleepy B. sleeping C. sleepless D. asleep
13. A. off B. out C. away D. over
14. A. method B. use C. way D. means
15. A. filled B. complete C. prohibited D. dumped
 153 REUNITED TWINS
The relative importance of upbringing and genes is often discussed. The study of
twins provides us with (1) fascinating results. Darlene and Doric Hewitts parents
were (2) when they were tiny. For (3) reason they were adopted by separate
families. Darlene was (4) on one of the most (5) sheep farms you could
imagine, while Doris was brought up in Sydney. Strangely enough, Darlenes (6)
seems to have been happier, as Doriss in a smart (7) was strict. (8) by
chance, the twins bumped into each other in a department store. It was just (9)
looking into a mirror, Darlene said. When it was (10) that they had exactly the same
birthday they realised the truth. They both have the same (11) character and rather
(12) from a love of good food. Both trained as nurses and married husbands called
Bob. They (13) many of the same gestures. For instance they both rub their noses
when they are thinking (14) . They believe that they must (15) the parents
they never knew.
1. A. very B. extremely C. much D. obviously
2. A. vanished B. died C. killed D. disappeared
3. A. one B. some C. a D. any
4. A. lifted B. risen C. elevated D. raised
5. A. remote B. alone C. sole D. solitary
6. A. childlike B. childhood C. childish D. children
7. A. suburb B. outskirts C. outside D. edge
8. A. Almost B. Nearly C. Quite D. Rather
9. A. likeness B. alike C. as D. like
10. A. came across B. located C. discovered D. looked for
11. A. live B. lively C. alive D. living
12. A. frail B. slim C. weight D. plump
13. A. divide B. split C. share D. lend
14. A. hard B. lot C. hardly D. a lot of
15. A. take off B. look after C. look into D. take after
154 A LUCKY DISCOVERY
 European rulers were passionate collectors of porcelain. It was sought after and
commanded (1) high prices it was known as white gold. Fredrick the Great of
Germany (2) himself be (3) into parting with three Oriental vases in
exchange for a regiment of Augustus the Strong of Polands soldiers. Although porcelain was
produced in both France and Germany, at the (4) factories at Dresden and Vincennes,
it used to be made from soft (5) than hard paste. In 1710, quite by (6) ,a
German alchemist called Bottger who had been (7) a way of producing gold (8)
the right combination of (9) - including kaolin, a fine white clay to produce
a hard paste porcelain which could not be told (10) from the Oriental version. After
this discovery the Meissen factory produced absolutely (11) porcelain although its
workers were kept (12) _ prisoners, not being considered sufficiently (13) to
live freely. The French (14) years to come up with a similar process and it wasnt
(15) the necessary kaolin deposits were found that the Sevres could start hard paste
production in 1768.
1. A. very B. such C. really D. so
2. A. made B. allowed C. let D. permitted
3. A. convinced B. persuaded C. suggested D. advised
4. A. competition B. enemy C. rival D. competitive
5. A. rather B. substitute C. instead D. prefer
6. A. fate B. destiny C. lucky D. chance
7. A. looking B. seeking C. finding D. searching
8. A. came across B. came to C. came into D. came
9. A. recipes B. receipts C. ingredients D. methods
10. A. different B. aside C. away D. apart
11. A. delightful B. fine C. pretty D. normal
12. A. almost B. Nearly C. quite D. virtual
13. A. trustworthy B. trusting C. trusty D. trusted
14. A. wasted B. took C. lost D. spent
15. A. during B. before C. until D. once

155 TIPS FOR THE BROKEN-HEARTED

 Almost everyone (1) a break-up of some sort when they are a young adult and
it can take some time to (2) it. It is perfectly normal to feel (3) and even
completely (4) . In fact, it can often (5) like the feeling will never go away.
But the truth is that broken hearts do mend! Experts in the field offer some tips that can really
make life more (6) _. You cant (7) from a break-up if you dont even try. To
begin with, keep a positive attitude. If you are (8) to feel so sorry for yourself, dont.
Look on the bright side: you are free again to meet someone new. Second, get some exercise.
A broken heart can (9) _ your body and your mind. Make sure you (10)
yourself. You need to (11) and take it easy! Third, find a new (12) , like a
sport or hobby. Finally, (13) friends and family for support. They will almost
certainly have gone (14) similar experiences and will try to help and understand you/.
If you follow this (15) , youll start feeling better very soon!
1. A. experiences B. entertains C. experiments D. exercises
2. A. get into B. overtake C. get over D. overdo
3. A. traumatic B. modest C. embarrassing D. humiliated
4. A. impolite B. miserable C. terrifying D. scary
5. A. act B. seem C. see D. sound
6. A. impulsive B. sympathetic C. bearable D. believable
7. A. recover B. relate C. suffer D. cause
8. A. caused B. tempted C. made D. depressed
9. A. fight B. tease C. upset D. get over
10. A. look up to B. look after C. take after D. put up with
11. A. annoy B. let down C. tolerate D. relax
12. A. interest B. argument C. concept D. issue
13. A. bring up B. turn to C. sort out D. look into
14. A. through B. into C. over D. to
15. A. reason B. relationship C. chance D. advice

156 BRITISH HOLIDAYMAKERS

The traditional British holiday at home is not dead. In fact, could be making a
comeback. Because of worries about (1) abroad, many British people have
decided to investigate (2) a lot closer to home. Popular (3) such as
Brighton in the south and Scarborough or Blackpool in the north have never really lost their
(4) . However, some seaside towns, which until recently have struggled, are
attracting more holidaymakers.
 Once they get there, holidaymakers need to be able to get around. While the car is still
preferred, the majority of tourists will try at least one other (5) _ of transport during
their (6) . Trains, for instance. Although few people would choose to start their
two week break by taking the (7) train, a large number of them will enjoy the
luxury of a restored wooden (8) on one of the many historical (9) in
operation around the country. And for those who do make it to the sea, many are tempted by
a (10) ride to nearby islands or a short (1) on a pleasure boat. We may
not be tempted by the prospect of a three-week (12) to exotic and (13)
countries but our love of the sea is clearly not lost.
However, quick look inside the (14) lounges of our major airports will
confirm that we are still queuing up in our thousands to (15) in for a flight in
search of the one thing the British Isles cannot guarantee sunshine.
1. A. travelling B. living C. leaving D. sailig
2. A. resports B. arrivals C. resorts D. cultures
3. A. venues B. destinations C. directions D. excursions
4. A. growth B. fame C. popularity D. inhabitants
5. A. mean B. method C. way D. sort
6. A. day B. tourism C. journey D. holiday
7. A. direct B. express C. rapid D. delayed
8. A. carriage B. cabin C. car D. wagon
9. A. platforms B. runways C. rails D. railways
10. A. transport B. sail C. ferry D. ship
11. A. run B. cruise C. package D. ticket
12. A. flight B. sail C. voyage D. travel
13. A. long B. away C. further D. distant
14. A. going B. departure C. exit D. holiday
15. A. check B. register C. book D. go

157 ELFRED NOBEL

When we hear the name Nobel, we immediately think of the Nobel Prizes. But Alfred
Nobel, the (1) _ of the awards, was also a great (2) and (3) .
 Born in 1933 in Sweden, Nobel studied first in Russia and then (4) to the
US where he studied mechanical (5) . Afterwards, he returned to Sweden to work
 with his father. Gradually, the made (6) in explosives. Nobel (7) out
how to work safely with nitroglycerine, a very dangerous and explosive (8) . His
invention later became known (9) dynamite. Nobel continued throughout his life
to (10) improvement in the field of explosives. He eventually owned (11)
explosives factories around the world and became very wealthy.
Alfred Nobel was a man of great (12) . When he died he left a wonderful
gift to the world : Nobel Prizes. Each year these prizes are (13) to scientists,
inventors and other (14) people for their great (15) to the world.
1. A. creator B. holder C. discoverer D. receiver
2. A. philosophy B. engine C. scientist D. production
3. A. direction B. inventor C. maker D. invention
4. A. transferred B. visited C. joined D. emigrated
5. A. engineering B. producing C. developing D. creating
6. A. directions B. movements C. motions D. advances
7. A. solved B. figured C. granted D. introduced
8. A. shape B. form C. substance D. body
9. A. by B. as C. with D. for
10. A. do B. have C. take D. make
11. A. numerical B. numerate C. nummerous D. numbered
12. A. achievement B. advantage C. situation D. incident
13. A. suggested B. designed C. awarded D. implanted
14. A. developed B. creative C. interested D. manageable
15. A. involvement B. development C. manufacturing D. contribution

158 DECORATING A TEENAGERS BEDROOM

In the past, the children of the household had very (1) choice in the way
their bedrooms were decorated. The fact that families had many (2) children than
they do now was an important consideration. This meant that there was not(3)
money available to pay for more than the basics paint or wallpaper. Add to this the fact that
children of differing ages and tastes had to share a room and it is easy to see why, when it
(4) to decorating, not much thought was put into the job.
 Times change, however, and now the amount spent on home decorating and DIY is
(5) at over 8 billion a year. Families have (6) greater spending power
and children have more of the voice; in other works, parents have to take notice (7)
what they want. What has become very clear is that most teenagers are aware of
the latest (8) and they really do have a very good idea of the way they want their
personal space decorated. It is then up to their parents to help them achieve the (9)
they want.
Money is still going to be a consideration (10) _ of course, you have
recently (11) into a fortune. But there is a wide range of materials to choose from
and it really does pay (12) around. There are (13) available
throughout the year, so it can be done quite (14) . Parents may argue that their
childs choices are not appropriate, but it is the teenager who has to live with it, not them.
After all, if the teenager (15) for a colour or a material that the parent considers
impractical, this can always be discussed!
1. A. few B. little C. poor D. bad
2. A. more B. extra C. lots D. of
3. A. any B. some C. more D. much
4. A. went B. said C. came D. became
5. A. claimed B. considered C. guessed D. estimated
6. A. created B. given C. acquired D. made
7. A. to B. of C. about D. from
8. A. models B. news C. trends D. sales
9. A. look B. view C. aspect D. sight
10. A. and B. but C. if D. unless
11. A. come B. gone C. spent D. inherited
12. A. buy B. shop C. sell D. study
13. A. purchases B. nicomes C. bargains D. markets
14. A. financially B. economically C. commercially D. profitably
15. A. goes B. chooses C. thinks D. decides

159 THE CIRCUS

 Everybody loves the circus. For almost 300 years, across Europe, Russia and
America, children of all ages have been (1) by the animals and acrobats of the
circus.
The first circus was (2) in England in 1769 by Philip Astley, who
performed horse-riding stunts for a small (3) . He then travelled throughout
Europe and established circuses in many other countries. The circuses usually took part in
outdoor areas in a circle or a ring (4) by (5) . The performers (6)
their audiences with exciting acrobatic acts and horse-riding (7) .
Circuses as we know them today are (8) displays sometimes with
several tents of wild animals and (9) acrobatics. The facilities consist of tents
with shows taking place at the same time, the (10) both amusing and (11)
their audiences. Some of the most (12) circuses in history which
continue to be extremely (13) today include the American Barnum Bailey
Ringling Brothers Circus, which (14) itself The Greatest Show on Earth,
the Canadian Cirque du Soleil, the Moscow Circus and Billy Smarts of London. Millions
of people (15) them around the world each year.
1. A. appealed B. enjoyed C. entertained D. laughed
2. A. set B. founded C. constructed D. manufactured
3. A. audience B. guest C. cast D. viewer
4. A. taken B. surrounded C. organised D. restricted
5. A. crowds B. hosts C. spectators D. characters
6. A. thrilled B. informed C. concerned D. kicked
7. A. theatres B. plays C. stages D. performances
8. A. infinite B. massive C. eternal D. awful
9. A. infuriated B. surprised C. incapable D. remarkable
10. A. guests B. athletes C. performers D. producers
11. A. frightening B. talking C. acting D. showing
12. A. known B. infamous C. notorious D. famous
13. A. popular B. accepted C. common D. regular
14. A. says B. calls C. names D. tells
15. A. go B. stay C. take D. attend
160 HOLIDAYS IN SOUTH CAROLINA
 Roaring across the bay in a motorised rubber boat, we were told by the captain to
keep our eyes open. With the engine (1) , it wasnt long before half a dozen dolphins
came swimming around us. Eventually, two came up (2) beside the boat and
popped their heads out of the water to give us a wide grin.
Dolphin watching is just one of the many unexpected attractions of a holiday in South
Carolina, in the USA. The state has long been popular with golfers and, with dozens of (3)
in the area, it is (4) a golfers paradise. But even the keenest golfer
needs other diversions and we soon found the resorts had plenty to (5) .
In fact, Charleston, which is midway along the (6) , is one of the most
interesting cities in America and is where the first shots in-the Civil War were (7)
. Taking a guided horse and carriage tour through the quiet back streets you get a
real (8) of the citys past. Strict regulations (9) to building so that
original (10) are preserved.
South of Charleston lies Hilton Head, an island resort about 18 km long and (11)
like a foot. It has a fantastic sandy beach (12) the length of the island
and this is perfect for all manner of water sports. (13) , if you feel like doing
nothing, (14) a chair and umbrella, head for an open (15) and just sit
back and watch the pelicans diving for fish.
1. A. turned out B. turned away C. turned off D. turned over
2. A. right B. direct C. precise D. exact
3. A. courts B. pitches C. grounds D. courses
4. A. fully B. truly C. honestly D. purely
5. A. show B. provide C. supply D. offer
6. A. beach B. sea C. coast D. shore
7. A. fired B. aimed C. pulled D. thrown
8. A. significance B. meaning C. comprehension D. sense
9. A. happen B. apply C. agree D. occur
10. A. points B. characters C. features D. aspects
11. A. shaped B. formed C. made D. moulded
12. A. lying B. following C. going D. running
13. A. Alternately B. Alternatively C. Contrastingly D. Conversely
14. A. hire B. lend C. charge D. loan
15. A. gap B. room C. space D. place
 161 ALTERNATIVE HOLIDAYS
The (1) of exotic holidays is not new. (2) and other travel
packages to tropical locations have long been popular and are more (3) now than
ever. (4) are increasingly (5) in doing something different and want
more exciting (6) so tour companies have responded with a new (7) of
options, including African safaris.
Going on safari is a totally (8) form of holiday. (9) by a safari
guide, groups travel into the African wilderness to (10) close up the (11)
of the wild. (12) species, which (13) seen outside the zoo,
provide a great (14) . Safaris arent for everyone, however especially those who
are easily (15) _.
1. A. concept B. context C. brainchild D. perfection
2. A. Decks B. Cabins C. Cruises D. Traffic
3. A. affordable B. sensitive C. logical D. effective
4. A. Guides B. Spectators C. Guests D. Holidaymakers
5. A. devoted B. interested C. keen D. capable
6. A. journey B. trip C. travel D. movement
7. A. collection B. mixture C. combination D. range
8. A. singular B. sole C. unique D. lone
9. A. Accompanied B. Delayed C. Accepted D. Developed
10. A. experiment B. experience C. attempt D. allow
11. A. scare B. fright C. trauma D. thrill
12. A. Environmental B. Endangered C. Extinct D. Obsolete
13. A. gradually B. frequently C. only D. rarely
14. A. attraction B. event C. show D. invitation
15. A. tempted B. frightened C. disgusted D. horrified

162 THE RADIO

 While the television (1) is increasingly becoming the focal point of our
living rooms, it would be easy to (2) that its older relative, the radio is still there. But in
the rush to turn (3) the TV and feast our eyes on all those fantastic visual (4)
, we are missing out on a valuable (5) of communication.
 The radio has all the talk (6) , comedies, dramas and news (7)
that the television has, and more besides. Late night shows have (8) presenters to
keep you awake or send you to sleep, depending on your needs. Hard-hitting reporters (9)
the hot items of the day with politicians and (10) in specialized areas.
And behind the (11) there are researchers and editors making sure you get the
(12) up-to-date information.
With the new generation of digital radio about to enter our homes (13)
satellite, radio is sure to (14) to our lives well into the future. The radio of
tomorrow will guarantee perfect (15) and more choice of programme.
1. A. studio B. box C. channel D. set
2. A. insist B. notice C. forget D. suggest
3. A. up B. on C. off D. down
4. A. images B. pictures C. appearances D. looks
5. A. way B. direction C. approach D. means
6. A. events B. discussions C. shows D. performances
7. A. episodes B. bulletins C. documentaries D. breaks
8. A. likeable B. personal C. likely D. presentable
9. A. converse B. discuss C. correspond D. enthuse
10. A. directors B. operators C. geniuses D. experts
11. A. scenes B. shots C. films D. camera
12. A. soonest B. greatest C. latest D. biggest
13. A. under B. via C. from D. in
14. A. give B. donate C. contribute D. lend
15. A. recital B. receipt C. recipe D. reception

163 SPORT AWAY OF LIFE

Many people follow their interest in sport well beyond the occasional game in the
park. Some remain (1) forever while others become professionals. In both cases,
athletes dedicated to the sporting life make a lot of (2) in their personal lives and
they (3) enormous challenges. Many start out alone, but end up joining a (4)
 and hiring a (5) . With a little luck, their hard work will (6)
off!
 Every serious athlete must establish a (7) of regular workouts and
practice. This (8) will help the athlete improve his or her abilities and (9)
for the future. Athletes must take care to (10) themselves in their
workout in order to steer clear of injury and fatigue. This also helps them to avoid (11)
in a real game or competition.
A lucky few will be awarded a professional (12) _ one day. Although the
professional life may (13) glamorous, it is also very (14) and is really
only for those who are (15) to a life of sports!
1. A. volunteers B. champions C. amateurs D. athletes
2. A. sacrifices B. practices C. suggestions D. resentment
3. A. devote B. earn C. focus D. take on
4. A. performance B. club C. activity D. session
5. A. rival B. referee C. leader D. coach
6. A. pay B. run C. give D. take
7. A. design B. custom C. routine D. tradition
8. A. learning B. teaching C. testing D. training
9. A. events B. prospects C. actions D. beliefs
10. A. compete B. speed C. race D. pace
11. A. loss B. defeat C. beating D. debt
12. A. contract B. context C. contest D. contact
13. A. view B. appear C. watch D. see
14. A. begging B. requesting C. demanding D. asking
15. A. devoted B. focused C. keen D. determined

164 CIVIL SERVANTS

In countries around the world, there are literally millions of people who work for the
national and (1) government. From the post office to the office of the President,
civil servants keep governments (2) running.
Many people would like to go for a civil service (3) and for good reason.
Government (4) usually enjoy a variety of (5) including health (6)
, paid holiday leave and (7) funds. They have good annual (8)
 , are always paid extra for doing (9) and are sometimes even rewarded
with bonuses for making useful (10) !
 Civil service jobs are usually (11) ; rarely are workers (12)
redundant. (13) who apply for a (14) _ in the civil service must (15)
in an application form and pass an examination before they can be selected and
appointed to a job.
1. A. topical B. nearby C. close D. local
2. A. officers B. services C. franchises D. research
3. A. career B. occupation C. accommodation D. commission
4. A. assistants B. bosses C. applicants D. employees
5. A. investments B. debts C. benefits D. experiences
6. A. wages B. service C. royalties D. insurance
7. A. richness B. pension C. wealth D. fortune
8. A. salaries B. takings C. winnnings D. gifts
9. A. gigs B. functions C. overtimes D. work
10. A. profits B. suggestions C. performances D. ideas
11. A. permannent B. straightforward C. temporary D. freelance
12. A. taken B. done C. made D. forced
13. A. Applicants B. Strickers C. Trainees D. Managers
14. A. movement B. location C. motion D. position
15. A. write B. complete C. fill D. sign

165 CHILD PRODIGIES

Occasionally a young child with very advanced (1) abilities is admitted to
university. These children are of course (2) , or child prodigies. Typically, they
begin their (3) _ studies at university before they are fifteen years old. After
finishing their first (4) - they usually (5) it in a year or two they
continue to do (6) studies in a specialized field of medicine or science. Many of
these talented youngsters receive (7) from very prestigious (8) _
institutions to help pay for their studies.
Some of the older students dislike being (9) in seminars with a child
prodigy. They (10) it rather annoying when someone so young (11) at
the subject so easily while they (12) over their courses. Others, however, benefit
from the experience of (13) their subject with a child prodigy. The (14)
 who run the seminars, however, generally enjoy having such gifted (15)
!

1. A. co-educational B. illeterate C. academic D. theoretical

2. A. geniuses B. instructors C. coaches D. lecturers
3. A. comprehensive B. public C. prep D. undergraduate
4. A. skill B. degree C. certificate D. qualificaton
5. A. get down B. work out C. sail through D. set out
6. A. apprentice B. postgraduate C. technical D. practical
7. A. licences B. schedules C. services D. scholarships
8. A. educational B. learning C. instructive D. training
9. A. reviewed B. assessed C. taught D. reported
10. A. find B. search C. seek D. seem
11. A. achieves B. experiences C. enjoys D. excels
12. A. hesitate B. agonise C. reflect D. study
13. A. discussing B. chatting C. talking D. arguing
14. A. markers B. trainers C. tutors D. examiners
15. A. trainees B. employees C. apprentices D. students

166 SPORT IN PRISON

For all the arguments about prison, there is no getting (1) from the fact
that it exists. Once the judge and (2) have done their job, we have to (3)
thousands of men and women occupied until they are (4) .
Sport is ideal (5) prisoners for many reasons. Being (6)
punishes people by taking away their freedom; just because someone gets in (7)
with the law, we have no (8) to take away their health as well. Secondly, the (9)
that you feel when you are (10) up for a long prison (11)
can make you very unti-social and aggressive. The (12) thing we want is for people to come
out (13) ten years, or even ten months, and (14) up the first person they
see. Sport provides a way of controlling that (15) .
1.
5. A. away
A. to B. for
B. out C. back
C. in D.
D. far
with
2.
6. A.
A. panel
inwards B. team
B. indoors C.
C. jury
internal D.
D. boarch
inside
3.
7. A.
A. hold
mess B. store
B. trouble C.
C. preserve
worry D.
D. keep
trial
4.
8. A.
A. abandoned
right B. remanded
B. fairness C.
C. released
justice D.
D. charged
demand
 9. A. uniqueness B. remoteness C. isolation D. individuality
10. A. keyed B. broken C. closed D. locked
11. A. contract B. experience C. sentence D. course
12. A. best B. last C. final D. terminal
13. A. after B. before C. during D. over
14. A. hit B. beat C. mug D. fight
15. A. crime B. opportunity C. assault D. violence

167 GET AHEAD OF THAT HEADACHE!

Millions of people (1) from headaches. Its a fact. What millions of people
do not know is what causes them. Headaches are (2) with all kind of health
problems as well as being under a lot of (3) . Certain (4) like coffee
can react badly with the chemical balance in our bodies and give us (5) headaches
as well.
The best thing to do if your head hurts is to (6) an aspirin, right? Wrong!
You be doing the worst thing possible because you are not (7) _ with the
problem only (8) the symptoms. And those people who think that
painkillers cant do you any (9) are also wrong. Medical science has proved that,
if we keep taking the tables, they will soon (10) as a trigger and, instead of
curing your headache, they will (11) you worse.
So what do you (12) your head start to throb? Breathe deeply. It may be
that you are not (13) enough oxygen. Then, you (14) _ try massaging
the side of your head with your fingers. And close your eyes. Often your eyes are very tired,
and the best (15) for tiredness is sleep.
1.
6. A.
A. die
take B.
B. suffer
drink C.
C. ache
eat D.
D. pain
put
2.
7. A.
A. associated
solving B.
B. caused
removing C.
C. produced
dealing D.
D. based
treating
3.
8. A.
A. fear
re-living B.
B. worry
relieving C.
C. stress
resolving D.
D. anxiety
reducig
4.
9. A.
A. materials
badness B.
B. substances
negativily C.
C. vitamins
harm D.
D. drugs
illness
5.
10. A.
A. some
act B.
B. one
perform C.
C. more
look D.
D. atreat
11. A. diagnose B. do C. create D. make
12. A. were B. should C. it D. whether
13. A. digesting B. nibbling C. getting D. plucking
14. A. must B. ought C. shall D. could
15. A. cure B. check-up C. prescription D. clinic
 168 SPREADING THE WORLD
When Hotmail was (1) _ up in 1996, it was not the huge success that it is
today. But on every e-mail sent (2) Hotmail, there was a line at the bottom
saying, Get your private, free e-mail at hotmail.com, providing them (3) a free
advertisement. This simple idea soon paid (4) and Hotmail went from strength to
(5) . ICQ, which (6) for I seek you was an instant messaging service that (7)
off in a similar way and made a (8) . The popularity of ICQ spread because users
recommended it to their friends so that they could have people to chat online. The (9)
_ majority of Internet users tried it and it was eventually taken (10)
by Netscape so (11) to control their competition.
These are examples of what is known as viralcommunication so called because
the message spreads like a virus. It used to be (12) that Rolls Royce never needed
to advertise despite (13) high cost of the luxury cars because owners were
more than happy to tell their friends and neighbours how satisfied they were. Nowadays, if
you are (14) to the Internet, the world can be spread in a (15) _ second
and, within a day, you might have indirectly communicated with millions of people.
1.
7. A.
A. established
took B.
B. laid
set C.
C. begun
let D.
D. set
gave
2.
8. A.
A. into
wealth B.
B. via
treasure C.
C. inside
fortune D.
D. along
prosperity
3.
9. A.
A. with
vast B.
B. to
huge C.
C. for
immense D.
D. towards
big
4.
10. A.
A. up
round B.
B. back
over C.
C. off
under D.
D. for
down
5. A. power
11. A. that B. energy
B. because C. force
C. as D. strength
D. much
6.
12. A.
A. sounds
said B.
B. stands
spoken C.
C. looks
explained D.
D. represents
repeated
13. A. very B. its C. a D. the
14. A. associated B. connected C. joined D. downloaded
15. A. divided B. half C. split D. fraction

169 HOW TO WRITE A BLOCKBUSTER

If you have ever finished the latest blockbuster and thought that you could have done
better, consider (1) the following techniques.
Before you settle upon your subject (2) , be canny and examine the currents
market. If period dramas are (3) a comeback, for example, consider that genre but
with a unique (4) . Start by looking around you in newspapers, on TV- for stories
and characters. Choose a genre and topic you feel comfortable with. (5) research
 will add to the strength and depth of your writing and help you (6) more
confidence. Read (7) history books, biographies and travelogues to immerse
yourself in your chosen period and (8) .
Once you have formulated your characters, possible storylines and locations, start to
sketch out (9) dialogues and (10) . Only then should you set (11)
writing the novel.
Once the novel is completed, you must find an agent. Many (12) publishers
will only consider submissions via an (13) agent and will largely ignore unsolicited
books. Again, research is the key. Look for an agent that (14) your genre and style.
Finally, do not forget that the book has to be marketed once it is published, so you, the author,
will become one of the novels Unique Selling Points. It helps if you and the book have a good
story (15) _ you too.
1.
5. A.
A. accepting
Thorough B.
B. making
Full C.
C. adopting
Complete D.
D. doing
Entire
2.
6. A.
A. theme
become B.
B. issue
win C.
C. topic
gain D.
D. matter
grow
3.
7. A. taking
A. linked B. making
B. connected C. similar
C. having D. relevant
D. doing
4.
8. A.
A. turn
area B.
B. spin
place C. twist
C. setting D. location
D. spiral

9. A. rough B. uneven C. raw D. underdeveloped

10. A. places B. scenes C. pictures D. visions
11. A. about B. up C. to D. down
12. A. central B. leading C. valued D. winning
13. A. established B. knowledgeable C. fixed D. credited
14. A. serves B. acts C. shows D. represents
15. A. beyond B. behind C. above D. below

170 TOMORROWS CRIMINALS

In the time it takes you to read this article, it is absolutely certain that two events will
have taken place on a very large (1) indeed. The first of these certainties is that
many crimes, mostly (2) but some serious, will have been (3) . Crime has
been an (4) fact of life for many centuries and it is (5) to say, will
continue to be so for the (6) future.
The second undisputed event is that our world will be populated b hundreds, even
thousands, of new human beings, arriving bloody, screaming and kicking, and opening their
eyes to (7) the future. Inevitably, some of these new-born babies will grow up to
become the adolescents and adults who steal from cars, (8) houses, mug people
late at night, (9) _ fires, rape, and kill.
And the million-dollar question is: Which of these new-born infants will become
tomorrows criminals? There are (10) predictors that can give us some (11)
. Firstly , antisocial childhood behaviour, including misbehavior at school,
dishonestly and aggressiveness. There a higher chance of the child (12) to crime if
there is a history of criminality in the family, including (13) parents and delinquent
older siblings. Family poverty is also a contributing (14) , whether it be due to low
family (15) , large family size or poor housing. Poor parental child-rearing
behaviour, including harsh and authoritarian discipline, poor supervision, parental conflict
and separation from parents also play their part.
1. A. scale B. size C. area D. grid
2. A. silly B. stupid C. trivial D. small
3. A. done B. committed C. made D. tried
4. A. unpreventable B. unstoppable C. unchangeable D. inescapable
5. A. safe B. correct C. secure D. sure
6. A. predictable B. foreseeable C. known D. expected
7. A. attempt B. confront C. face D. achieve
8. A. rob B. burgle C. thieve D. steal
9. A. light B. commence C. set D. start
10. A. enough B. number C. several D. scores
11. A. clues B. help C. tips D. guesses
12. A. moving B. turning C. tending D. going
13. A. condemned B. prosecuted C. tried D. convicted
14. A. fact B. instance C. factor D. circumstance
15. A. payments B. incoming C. wage D. income

171 PERMACULTURE CLUB

Today Cindy has decided to plant 100 trees. When she came here, this place was no
different from any other in the state of New South Wales. Once covered with trees, it had
been (1) for farmland. Without trees, Australian earth is eroded. During the rains,
roads are (2) away and the rivers are red with earth.
A Texan by birth, she met Graham, an English graduate, when they were working in
the United States. We were two kids with a (3) . We wanted to live off the land
 without (4) it, and only produce what rubbish we could (5) with
ourselves.Two years later, they were riding across Australia on a motorbike, looking for a
(6) of land. When they saw the (7) hillside in New South Wales, they
knew this was it. The farmer was happy to sell. Eroded and (8) , they valley was no
use to anyone. After paying the farmer, they were (9) with 100 dollars, a saucepan
and a change of clothes. There was no (10) so they had to sleep outside. It was the
(11) of summer, with temperatures around 40 C.
In the beginning, Cindy knew nothing about horticulture. We started planting with
ten packets of seeds wed brought. We just planted everything anywhere, all together.The
(12) is that plants, animals and people do better if they live together. Mixed planting (13)
a system in which there is more wildlife, better soil and better crops
 that more (14) to damage by pests. Cindy admits it is (15) intensive but
she has saved one tiny corner of Australia.
1. A. cleared B. removed C. cut D. severed
2. A. soaked B. washed C. flooded D. watered
3. A. prospect B. image C. hope D. dream
4. A. hurting B. damaging C. breaking D. wasting
5. A. act B. do C. make D. deal
6. A. piece B. part C. section D. held
7. A. plain B. naked C. bare D. blank
8. A. barren B. sterile C. fruitless D. dead
9. A. over B. remaind C. left D. changed
10. A. cover B. protection C. refuge D. shelter
11. A. peak B. height C. top D. summit
12. A. belief B. objective C. conception D. idea
13. A. creates B. originates C. gives D. causes
14. A. defensive B. immune C. resistant D. insensitive
15. A. farming B. labour C. work D. effort

172 THE SKYDIVER WHO FELL 1,000 METRES AND LIVED

Astonishingly, a skydiver whose parachute failed to open properly has survived a
1,000 metres fall to the ground, suffering only (1) bruising but no broken bones at
all. This amazing story began when Marlin Ford, who has over twenty years (2) of
parachuting, took off in a Cessna aircraft with five (3) skydivers. Their plan was to
practise (4) hands in a mid-air formation but when they left the aircraft Martin was
involved in a (5) with another skydiver and their parachutes became tangled. The
(6) did not panic but, after falling together for 500 metres, managed to (7)
. The other skydiver released his main parachute, opened the reserve and landed
safely. Martin kept (8) and tried to do the same. But he was unable to do so
because as he turned in the air the parachutes began to (9) themselves round him
and he eventually (10) consciousness. He landed in a field that had recently been
ploughed, so the earth was quite (11) and cushioned his landing to some extent. He
was (12) to hospital where a doctor commented, His survival is miraculous. Often
in such cases there are serious internal (13) because when the body decelerates on
hitting the ground, the internal organs continue moving. For example, the brain can strike the
inside of the skull with some (14) . But Mr Ford only has (15) physical
injuries.
1. A. hard B. severe C. rough D. grave
2. A. practice B. knowledge C. experience D. training
3. A. fellow B. colleague C. partner D. associate
4. A. connecting B. linking C. touching D. keeping
5. A. bump B. crash C. impact D. collision
6. A. team B. combination C. pair D. couple
7. A. separate B. divide C. part D. split
8. A. attentive B. aware C. quiet D. cool
9. A. envelop B. wrap C. enclose D. cover
10. A. surrendered B. left C. lost D. missed
11. A. gentle B. smooth C. fine D. soft
12. A. rushed B. hurried C. dashed D. sped
13. A. breaks B. damages C. wounds D. injuries
14. A. force B. strength C. energy D. power
15. A. outside B. light C. superficial D. surface

173 SHOPLIFTING
Last year, losses from shops through shoplifting and theft by staff amounted to over
1 billion. There are many (1) for shopkeepers themselves to reduce shoplifting.
As with all types of crime, prevention is better than (2) . The best deterrent is the
(3) of staff properly trained in how to identify potential shoplifters. There are also
many security (4) now available. Video camera surveillance is a popular system,
even with quite small retailers. In clothes shops, magnetic tag marking systems that set off an
alarm have proved their (5) . However, there are many (6) measures that
retailers should consider. Better lighting and ceiling-hung mirrors can help staff to (7)
all parts of the display area. Similarly, simply arranging shelves and display units
to allow clear (8) of vision is a good deterrent.
 Another problem for retailers is the (9) of stolen credit cards to buy goods
and services. Many retailers avoid this by always checking the (10) of a card used
for purchase. Electronic systems are now available to (11) up the procedure.
 Most companies keep a petty (12) box for small expenses. They are a
popular (13) for thieves. It is not enough to have a box that locks. A thief can steal
it and then open it at leisure. Lock it in a drawer as well. Telephones, typewriters, word
processors and computers are also vulnerable because they are (14) . Property
marking is a good deterrent and helps the police return stolen goods if they are (15)
. And remember that in many business information is valuable to competitors and
should be protected.
1. A. ideas B. schemes C. opportunities D. occasions
2. A. remedy B. cure C. loss D. conviction
3. A. presence B. knowledge C. number D. importance
4. A. machines B. methods C. tricks D. devices
5. A. reliability B. worth C. valuation D. indentity
6. A. better B. easier C. bigger D. simpler
7. A. notice B. control C. watch D. regard
8. A. angles B. areas C. systems D. fields
9. A. employment B. use C. technique D. application
10. A. honesty B. forgery C. value D. validity
11. A. speed B. check C. take D. key
12. A. money B. bank C. cash D. saving
13. A. robbery B. target C. aim D. object
14. A. portable B. expensive C. stolen D. attractive
15. A. reported B. known C. traced D. revealed

174 YOU MUST REMEMBER THIS

Sometimes you might feel that if you had a perfect memory, all your problems with
learning would be solved. You would be able to (1) through exams without much
revision. You would never again (2) the embarrassment of forgetting someones
name. But imagine, for a moment, not forgetting anything not even last years shopping (3)
. You would be (4) with information.
With hard work you can recall the parts of a verb or the layout of a town as you need
them, so that you can learn a foreign language or (5) a taxi drivers licence. But the
memory (6) called for by some professions are only one of the roles memory plays
in our lives. Memory covers a (7) range of actions and needs. What we (8)
 about the brain is far from complete, so philosophers and scientists find it difficult
to be (9) about the natural of memory. Remembering and forgetting can be
understood in many different (10) but broadly, three distinct classes of memory
have been established: personal, cognitive and habit memory.
Personal memories are those acts of remembering which (11) specifically
to each persons life history. If you say, I remember the first time I travelled by train,
you will probably have an image in your mind of the (12) and be able to describe
things in it.
Cognitive memory helps us learn, for example, stories, a speech or a (13) _ of
music. Habit memory (14) those abilities needed to perform actions such as typing
or driving. All these actions must be learned but once they have been, you will rarely
remember anything (15) as you perform them.
1. A. run B. walk C. sail D. float
2. A. face B. encounter C. realise D. accept
3. A. receipts B. notes C. lists D. bills
4. A. overweight B. overloaded C. burdened D. stuffed
5. A. win B. award C. earn D. gain
6. A. concepts B. feats C. choices D. methods
7. A. big B. large C. long D. wide
8. A. know B. learn C. discover D. study
9. A. aware B. explanatory C. correct D. precise
10. A. concepts B. ways C. forms D. types
11. A. connects B. appear C. refer D. have
12. A. occasion B. happening C. process D. thought
13. A. sound B. tune C. piece D. instrument
14. A. means B. covers C. enables D. directs
15. A. totally B. hardly C. knowingly D. consciously

175 THE GRAND CANYON

The Grand Canyon is one of the natural wonders of the world. It was (1) _ by
the Colorado River, which carved its way through the (2) coloured layers of rock
making a gap over 1,5 kilometres (3) . its sides are steep cliffs and some of the
peaks look (4) towers, castles and temples.
 A fantastic adventure for anyone with (5) _ time in which to experience the
Grand Canyon would be to take a sightseeing flight (6) the area. The small twin
engine planes have huge panoramic windows perfect for (7) photographs. It is (8)
to book an overnight tour if you want to stay (9) at the Canyon but do
not want to drive. This way you can (10) _ the spectacular sunset and sunrise and
fit in a(n) (11) day exploring the Canyon trails (12) .
You can also witness the dazzling lights of (3) Las Vegas by night with a
breathtaking helicopter flight. The tour (14) approximately and hour and (15)
transport from your hotel to the airport and 20 minutes in the air.

1. A. done B. created C. built D. set

2. A. much B. several C. different D. varied
3. A. deep B. down C. far D. below
4. A. as B. if C. up D. like
5. A. restricted B. limited C. reduced D. small
6. A. on B. in C. above D. over
7. A. making B. taking C. putting D. doing
8. A. possible B. probable C. likely D. suitable
9. A. more B. further C. extra D. longer
10. A. notice B. look C. watch D. glance
11. A. utter B. whole C. total D. all
12. A. on foot B. by foot C. with feet D. by feet
13. A. close B. near C. nearby D. next
14. A. makes B. spends C. covers D. lasts
15. A. includes B. has C. contains D. covers

176 THE TY DESIGNER

Nathan Balfour spends eight hours a day going a job that brings in millions of pounds
a day. (1) that were not enough, the job also gives him the feeling that he is at (2)
rather than at work. But Nathans job as managing director of a toy design business
is not easy because it not only (3) designing but also manufacturing and marketing
toys.
It all started when Nathan was twenty-five years old and out of (4) . He had
just been (5) redundant and was feeling depressed. It was then that he was (6)
 to a man who designed consumer goods for a (7) . Nathan immediately
realized that his real area of (8) was product design. In 1992, with a degree in
design, he decided to (9) control of his working life and start his own business.
The range of products he designed included toys, which soon accounted for ninety per
cent of his total (10) . He was soon taking (11) scores of employees to
help him. In 1997 he got an invitation from the Toy and Hobby Association to take (12)
in a toy fair where he got 45,000 worth of (13) . However, Nathan does
not want his company to (14) any larger. His only aim is to go on producing toys
of a high (15) that are good for learning as well as for playing with.
1. A. As long as B. As well as C. As for D. As if
2. A. fun B. leisure C. enjoyment D. holiday
3. A. involves B. implies C. consists D. includes
4. A. job B. employment C. work D. occupation
5. A. had B. made C. done D. got
6. A. presented B. announced C. shown D. introduced
7. A. commerce B. living C. trade D. business
8. A. interest B. profession C. fascination D. attraction
9. A. obtain B. acquire C. keep D. take
10. A. produce B. outcome C. output D. gain
11. A. on B. over C. up D. after
12. A. effect B. place C. part D. action
13. A. demands B. requirements C. requests D. orders
14. A. grow B. expand C. develop D. increase
15. A. rank B. standard C. level D. value

177 THE HISTORY OF SKATEBOARDING

Skateboarding was invented in the 1960s by surfers who wished to surf when there
were not any waves. These surfers nailed the (1) of a roller skate to the bottom of a
plank of wood and sidewalk surfing was (2) . But skateboarding only really (3)
off when the wheels were improved so that they could roll over uneven surfaces,
like small stones. In the beginning, people skated along on the pavement or cruised down
hills, but after a (4) , they began to skate on paved embankments (5)
empty swimming pools.
 The style of riding changed dramatically when Allen Gelfand came (6)
with a new move. This involved the (7) of two actions; tapping the end of the
board down and jumping in the air and kicking (8) your front foot. Doing these
two moves properly would (9) the board to jump into the air with you. This move
led to a completely new (10) of skateboarding which eventually became (11)
as street skating.
Since its birth, skateboarding has had many (12) of popularity and decline.
The first peak and decline occurred in the (13) seventies. The recent increase in its
popularity is probably (14) to the development of snowboards, which are (15)
associated with skateboards.

1. A. base B. foundation C. basement D. basis

2. A. initiated B. born C. begun D. introduced
3. A. took B. pulled C. left D. went
4. A. period B. time C. pause D. while
5. A. as long as B. as fast as C. as well as D. as soon as
6. A. over B. across C. by D. up
7. A. mixture B. combination C. linking D. union
8. A. against B. off C. in D. with
9. A. cause B. produce C. make D. result
10. A. range B. class C. type D. fashion
11. A. called B. known C. named D. referred
12. A. phases B. changes C. transfers D. appearances
13. A. latest B. past C. last D. late
14. A. liable B. due C. following D. grateful
15. A. nearly B. approximately C. closely D. tightly

178 PICKING YOUR THEME PARK

If youre looking for a day out in Britain this summer, there are now dozens of theme
parks to choose from. The amusements on offer at such parks include a range of rides which
shake you (1) in various ways, some of them (2) you in water at the
same time. For the really (3) , there are those which turn you upside (4)
at great speed. And this must be how the British enjoy themselves most because last year the
nine most (5) theme parks attracted more than twenty million visitors.
 We asked three families to (6) some of the top parks. They told us what
they did, how much they spent, how long they queued for, and how much they enjoyed
themselves. They all had a good (7) and made some useful suggestions. (8)
, taking your own picnic to save money and a (9) of clothes in case you
(10) wet. They also advised (11) for the biggest rides first, as these soon
attracted the (12) queues. They found that those parks where the entry price (13)
the rides were better value for (14) than those where you pay separately
for each ride. Even so, spending on average seventy-four pounds each, our families found
that a day at a theme park does not (15) _ cheap.
1. A. away B. through C. over D. about
2. A. bathing B. showering C. washing D. wetting
3. A. exciting B. risky C. dangerous D. adventurous
4. A. back B. down C. round D. out
5. A. common B. favourite C. popular D. frequent
6. A. try out B. go with C. check up D. join in
7. A. game B. travel C. fun D. time
8. A. For example B. As well as C. Instead of D. So that
9. A. switch B. swap C. change D. choice
10. A. get B. keep C. catch D. have
11. A. choosing B. heading C. walking D. pointing
12. A. highest B. greatest C. widest D. longest
13. A. includes B. counts C. involves D. contains
14. A. bargain B. money C. spending D. payment
15. A. cost B. go C. come D. run

179
The elementary means of communicating with other people is (1) _ messages
by voice. This fact is widely (2) and we recognize the voice as a (3)
characterizing the identity of a person. The array of voices is immeasurable as no two are
exactly similar. They can be nasal, resonant or shrill produced in (4) with the
individual physical (5) _ of the throat.
 One possible (6) of the art of voice recognition is voice profiling used by
police analysts as a method of (7) court evidence in trials. Every year thousands of
audiotapes with recorded interviews or casual utterances are (8) to the purpose to
help identify the probable culprit. Specialist dealing with the voice investigation claim that
people can (9) themselves away by their accents, inflections or other voice
attributes like pitch, intensity and loudness. A recorded sample is usually (10) into
electric impulses and later transformed into a pictorial recording which is processed by a
computer program. Very frequently voice analysts have a (11) at deciphering the
relevant information which may be (12) _ which background noise or other
interfering sounds until they (13) the desired results.
Thankfully, these efforts help the police detect individuals who threaten their victims
by phone or inform about bomb (14) or those who make offensive calls (15)
the peace of decent citizens.
1. A. commuting B. conveying C. informing D. discharging
2. A. acknowledged B. reasured C. declared D. reckoned
3. A. token B. matter C. feature D. label
4. A. consent B. accordance C. dependence D. support
5. A. tendencies B. credentials C. assets D. properties
6. A. operation B. handling C. implementation D. treatment
7. A. substantiating B. facilitating C. pledging D. withstanding
8. A. used B. set C. employed D. put
9. A. prove B. turn C. give D. tell
10. A. converted B. exchanged C. adjusted D. reformed
11. A. stake B. stab C. stack D. stag
12. A. infused B. intruded C. abused D. mingled
13. A. elaborate B. manoeuvre C. attain D. succeed
14. A. situating B. deploying C. settling D. planting
15. A. disturbing B. dismantling C. dispersing D. distracting

180
Public opinion polls show that crime is (1) as one of the most serious
problems of many societies. Yet, (2) studies have revealed that the (3) of
violent crime is (4) . Our peculiar awareness and fear is largely brought about by the
great attention it is (5) in the mass media and also because of violent crime being a
popular theme for television series and films.
 Among all crimes, murder makes the (6) and there is little doubt that
homicides still continue to be a (7) question in a number of countries. The various
causes of severe crime are being constantly (8) and innumerable reasons for it are
being pointed out. Among these are unemployment, drug (9) , inadequate police
enforcement, ineffective courts, racial discrimination, television and the general (10)
in social values.
An acknowledge fact is that it is mainly poverty that (11) crime. Individuals
incapable of (12) _ for themselves and their families the rudimentary means of living
unavoidably take (13) stealing, burgling or (14) other offences. We may
try to explain crime on different (15) - cultural, economic, psychologist or political,
but criminologists are still far from detecting the exact source of violent offences as the direct
link between these particular factors isnt possible to specify.
1. A. viewed B. believed C. alleged D. thought
5. A. pervading B. infiltrating C. penetrating D. examining
3. A. amount B. deal C. quantity D. figure
4. A. outspoken B. upgraded C. presupposed D. overestimated
5. A. awarded B. granted C. devoted D. entrusted
6. A. captions B. titles C. headlines D. broadcast
7. A. nagging B. obstructing C. burdening D. contending
8. A. articulated B. conversed C. uttered D. debated
9. A. escalation B. abuse C. maltreatment D. disuse
10. A. decline B. impediment C. shortfall D. flop
11. A. rears B. nurtures C. breeds D. urges
12. A. insuring B. accommodating C. affording D. securing
13. A. on B. to C. for D. with
14. A. performing B. fulfilling C. committing D. conducting
15. A. motives B. grounds C. arguments D. reasons

181 A QUESTION OF INDENTITY

Most young people nowadays do not feel compelled to follow the advice of famous
designers when they choose their clothes. They have come to conclusion that knowing their
own personal (1) _ is the most important thing. This means that they can (2)
practically any clothes they want, as long as they are modern, and they neednt bother about
 the (3) trendy item of clothing. A well known fashion magazine advises young
people to (4) on lot of clothes until they find the ones they (5) most
comfortable in. there are two important factors they should (6) in mind. First,
clothes should (7) properly and she neither too large nor to small. Second, they
should (8) with the customers lifestyle because in the end, it is a persons lifestyle
that should dictate his or her wardrobe.
Our choice or clothing (9) something about our personalities and our
positive or negative (10) to life. Some people like to (11) to the same
colours and design year after year, while others cannot (12) without constant
changes. But the refreshing news is that young people are becoming less (13) on the
decisions of the big fashion bosses when it (4) to choosing their clothes. They
believe the whole point of fashion is to play (15) _ and have fun.
1. A. fashion B. tendency C. looks D. style
5. A. wear B. put C. use D. dress
3. A. actual B. last C. final D. latest
4. A. apply B. try C. prove D. get
5. A. consider B. sense C. think D. feel
6. A. take B. bear C. bring D. set
7. A. measure B. match C. fit D. look
8. A. go B. suit C. mix D. approve
9. A. gives B. offers C. says D. speaks
10. A. attitude B. way C. behaviour D. manner
11. A. link B. stick C. remain D. stay
12. A. do B. have C. act D. make
13. A. affected B. subjected C. dependent D. controlled
14. A. brings B. comes C. belongs D. takes
15. A. away B. up C. around D. with

182 HISTORY ICE CREAM

 While few people claim to be addicted to it. Ice cream is certainly a firm (1)
among people of all ages in many parts of the world. (2) it is commonly believed to
have originated in China, and has (3) been associated with Italian manufacturers, it
doesnt (4) com from either of those countries. Ice cream is thought to have
originated when chemists in the Middle East (5) _ out that by adding salt to water,
you effectively cooled it down. In the eleventh century, wealthy Arabs were certainly
enjoying sorbets of water ice sweetened (6) sugar or fruit juice.
The (7) for making this delicacy (8) found its way into Europe,
however, and the first book to (9) it was published in Italy in 1530. At that time,
water ices were typically served by monarchs and other important people as a special (10)
on great occasions. The British are supposed to have been responsible for (11)
up with the idea of using cream in their ices (12) of plain water and thus
ice cream as we know it down it today was born.
However, it was to remain an expensive luxury because it (13) on ice
imported in vast blocks from colder climates. It was only from the mid-nineteenth century
(14) , with the invention of modern refrigeration techniques, that ice cream started to
(15) the familiar item of mass consumption that it is today.
1. A. popular B. preference C. favourite D. choice
5. A. Morever B. Despite C. whether D. Although
3. A. long B. late C. ever D. far
4. A. successfully B. presently C. actually D. honestly
5. A. checked B. worked C. carried D. thought
6. A. from B. of C. plus D. with
7. A. rule B. method C. way D. mixture
8. A. really B. carefully C. likely D. eventually
9. A. mention B. point C. remark D. refer
10. A. fun B. treat C. joke D. cheer
11. A. making B. bringing C. turning D. coming
12. A. instead B. rather C. behalf D. replace
13. A. leant B. based C. relied D. needed
14. A. afterwards B. onwards C. forwards D. upwards
15. A. establish B. belong C. become D. recognise
183 ANIMAL AUNTS
Many people in Britain enjoy keeping pets, but keeping animals brings
responsibilities as well as pleasure and companionship. For example, who can be (1)
to walk the dog, feed the cat or chat to the parrot when the family is away from home? Gillie
McNicol who (2) _ the Animal Aunts animal-sitting agency (3) to have
found the answer. She works with hundreds of volunteers who are willing to help (4)
in just such situations.
Animals aunts are able to move into clients homes to (5) after the pets while
they are away on holiday, off on a business (6) or even in hospital. As well as caring
for the animals, the aunts will also (7) the property clean and are once a day to feed
the cat, and Animal Aunts can provide this (10) of service too.
And no animal is too big or too small for the agency to (11) with. Gillie has
sent people to care for all manner of pets (12) horses, snakes and even stick insects.
Gillie (13) Animal Aunts over ten years ago and still operates from her home with
the help of two full-time members of (14) _. Today she has around five thousand (15)
clients and as many as four hundred aunts, and uncles of course, on her books.

1. A. believed B. applied C. trusted D. relied

5. A. powers B. bosses C. drives D. runs
3. A. knows B. seems C. hears D. tries
4. A. through B. round C. up D. out
5. A. mind B. watch C. look D. deal
6. A. trip B. ride C. travel D. break
7. A. get B. keep C. hold D. bring
8. A. said B. abroad C. aware D. realised
9. A. call out B. drop in C. stop over D. slip in
10. A. quantity B. amount C. level D. size
11. A. care B. treat C. manage D. cope
12. A. including B. containing C. varying D. ranging
13. A. set away B. set up C. set out D. set off
14. A. group B. team C. firm D. staff
15. A. regular B. often C. always D. already

184 HORSES AND language

Dr Kiley Worthington has been doing research into the behaviour of horses for over
twenty-five years. Her latest book on the subject has a chapter which describes certain
experiments that she has (1) out recently to see how much human language horses
are able to understand.
 Dr Worthington has devised a series of tests over the (2) five years, aimed at
measuring her horses language-learning ability. The (3) , she says, have been
remarkable. The horses appear to have learnt a whole (4) of words including verbs
and adjectives as well as nouns. They have also (5) signs that they can understand
emotional terms like scared and happy.
The horses are (6) in family groups and begin their training from (7)
. Each week, for fifteen minutes, they (8) a special school, where they are
paired with human volunteers who (9) them to learn. They are taught to (10)
words with objects like buckets and blankets, and are shown a few gestures (11)
at the same time hearing the words for actions. The gestures are later dropped so
that the horse must respond to the word (12) . Clearly, the horses are not going to
learn to speak, but Dr Worthington (13) that her pupils are able to select blue, red or
yellow buckets and will perform actions, (14) kicking a football or picking (15)
a blanket, on command.

1. A. carried B. turned C. played D. checked

5. A. latter B. previous C. former D. past
3. A. results B. solutions C. answers D. replies
4. A. choice B. range C. count D. number
5. A. brought B. proved C. shown D. played
6. A. formed B. held C. stayed D. kept
7. A. child B. birth C. once D. start
8. A. assist B. taught C. study D. attend
9. A. let B. aim C. help D. lead
10. A. regard B. associate C. arrange D. represent
11. A. while B. despite C. during D. unless
12. A. left B. apart C. singly D. alone
13. A. wants B. appears C. claims D. plans
14. A. such as B. so that C. instead of D. as for
15. A. on B. up C. over D. off

185 STONEHENGE
Stonehenge is still a mystery. 4,000 years ago dozens of enormous stones were (1)
like a series of doorways in a perfect circle. They were also placed in line with the
rising and (2) sun. This (3) have been an extremely sophisticated operation
(4) heavy labour, organization and calculation which would challenge engineers
even today.
Some of the stones were (5) from the Welsh mountains to the southern
plains of England and it is still not (6) what made ancient man carry these stones
hundreds of kilometres (7) land and water. There have been many theories. It was
once (8) to be a monument to a victory in battle. It is now more commonly accepted
that there was a (9) with sun worship or that is was a temple.
However, two (10) are clear. (11) , the area was used as a burial
ground and second, it was a place of ceremony. (12) all, it is the fact that these
massive stones have stood for so long that amazes (13) who looks at them. Will any
st
monuments from the 21 century still be causing speculation in 4,000 years (14)
and if (15) , what will they be?
1. A. put B. done C. arranged D. laid
5. A. falling B. setting C. lowering D. sinking
3. A. must B. should C. ought D. could
4. A. meaning B. containing C. including D. involving
5. A. grabbed B. dragged C. crawled D. crept
6. A. recognised B. realised C. believed D. understood
7. A. through B. in C. across D. from
8. A. mentioned B. known C. told D. said
9. A. join B. connection C. relation D. bond
10. A. arguments B. statements C. positions D. points
11. A. First B. At the start C. At first D. One
12. A. Over B. Beyond C. Above D. Almost
13. A. people B. everyone C. those D. them
14. A. time B. ahead C. in advance D. from now
15. A. it B. that C. so D. yes

186 SPORT
Someone once said that there are three kinds of people who are (1) _ in sport:
people who (2) part, people who watch, and people who watch (3)
television. Its very easy to make fun of stay-at-home sports (4) , but on the other
hand, television does enable us to enjoy all kinds of (5) events. We can watch a
racing car (6) another, see a cyclist (7) _ the finishing line, or enjoy the goals
of our favourite football (8) The first time I watched a tennis (9) was on
television, and I football (12) , and television is a good solution. Of course, you can
(13) used to sitting indoors all the time, and this is dangerous. We should all try to
(14) fit, and have other interests and (15) .
1. A. playing B. really C. interested D. succeed
5. A. take B. have C. make D. get
3. A. by B. with C. on D. from
4. A. people B. fans C. programmes D. centres
5. A. the B. future C. athlete D. sports
6. A. cross B. overtake C. or D. from
7. A. overtake B. and C. professional D. cross
8. A. team B. class C. band D. group
9. A. that B. it C. which D. match
10. A. valuable B. unexpectedly C. imaginatively D. real
11. A. trip B. tour C. travel D. pass
12. A. grounds B. areas C. teams D. fans
13. A. or B. which C. get D. is
14. A. make B. keep C. do D. have
15. A. customs B. habits C. leisure D. pastimes

187 EGYPTOMANIA
Egyptomania is a new art exhibition which has opened at the Louvre Museum in
Paris. It shows just how (1) images of Egypt have emerged through the (2)
and examines why this (3) cultures has (4) to have such a powerful influ-
ence on the western imagination. It has (5) _ all of the arts, from opera and cinema to
architecture and furniture design. It (6) five years to prepare the exhibition, which
(7) more than 300 items, many of them on (8) from international museums
as far (9) as Australia. It has generally been thought that European (10) in
Egypt started with Napoleon Bonapartes military campaign which lasted from 1798 to 1801,
but the exhibition shows that this is not the (11) . There are examples of Egyptian
th
influence (12) back to the early 17 century. Queen Marie Antoinette, well known
for her (13) of strange and exotic things, (14) an important role in starting
the (15) for Egyptian art in France, Her bedroom ceiling in Versailles is painted
with Egyptian images, and there are chairs and tables decorated with small statues of young
Pharaohs.
1. A. much B. many C. lot of D. every
5. A. periods B. times C. ages D. history
3. A. ancient B. antiquated C. aged D. antique
4. A. persisted B. remained C. lasted D. continued
5. A. moved B. influenced C. impressed D. directed
6. A. was B. needed C. used D. took
7. A. covers B. includes C. involves D. consists
8. A. loan B. advance C. credit D. gift
9. A. from B. abroad C. along D. away
10. A. attraction B. attention C. interest D. curiousity
11. A. situation B. case C. state D. event
12. A. going B. turning C. moving D. coming
13. A. affection B. care C. love D. like
14. A. did B. had C. took D. played
15. A. fashion B. style C. convention D. custom

188 ITS A DOGS LIFE

Will it ever be possible for us to know exactly what our pets are thinking or felling?
Actually, this day may not be so (1) away. A Japanese toy-making firm has (2)
up with a gadget that can read a dogs emotions. The company calls their (3)
the Bowlingual. The device is (4) to a special collar which the dog (5)
around its neck, and can (6) information about the dogs feelings
electronically to a handset kept by the dogs owner.
The company (7) _ that the Bowlingual can (8) six different feelings,
including fear, happiness and sadness, by interpreting the different ways in which the dog
barks. But how does the Bowlingual actually (9) ? Scientists analysed the barks they
recorded from a number of dogs in various different situations and (10) six general
patterns of sound (11) to different feelings. The Bowlingual is programmed with
these patterns and can (12) them to the sound a dog makes and then translate this
 into a sentence that can be (13) understood. Some examples of what dogs apparently
say are Im lonely, and Please play with me a bit more!
The device is also fitted with a diary that (14) the whole of the dogs day
with (15) such as Weve done so many good things today. What a happy day!
1. A. much B. distant C. long D. far
5. A. put B. come C. taken D. made
3. A. invention B. development C. construction D. building
4. A. carried B. planned C. attached D. communicated
5. A. fetches B. wears C. holds D. transfers
6. A. extend B. spread C. push D. send
7. A. claims B. pretends C. persuades D. tells
8. A. accept B. know C. realise D. recognise
9. A. play B. work C. find D. go
10. A. shared B. divided C. identified D. associated
11. A. relating B. accompanying C. concerning D. applying
12. A. suit B. design C. match D. give
13. A. surely B. simply C. fluently D. easily
14. A. sums up B. gives out C. puts away D. takes on
15. A. proverbs B. statements C. accounts D. questions

189 OFFICE STRESS

Stressful atmospheres, (1) of deadlines and long hours dominate office life,
according to survey (2) _ recently.
The majority of those questioned said a good salary and career (3) _ were their
main reason for working. But (4) numbers did not believe their employers offered
either. In general the survey found that most felt that (5) of life was more important
than (6) and company perks. Most would prefer employers to offer (7) hours,
challenging tasks and job (8) rather than perks such as company cars and
private health care. Many employers (9) to understand this meant more than a third
worried about their work on holiday, and 40 per cent took days off (10) when not ill.
 Workers were also (11) _ by the conditions they had to work in. a fifth
struggled with (12) technology, badly lit offices and chairs which caused backache.
Half said their (13) would increase if their environment improved.
 On the plus side, the biggest (14) was the friendship offered by colleagues,
and it appears that the office also affords the chance to flirt with colleagues, make (15)
calls to friends abroad, steal stationery and play computer games.

1. A. weight B. force C. heaviness D. pressure

5. A. publicised B. printed C. published D. proclaimed
3. A. prospects B. odds C. outlooks D. views
4. A. important B. significant C. heavy D. impressive
5. A. quality B. calibre C. excellence D. worth
6. A. status B. rank C. degree D. grade
7. A. pliable B. elastic C. amenable D. flexible
8. A. safety B. sanctuary C. security D. protection
9. A. failure B. defeat C. deficiency D. lack
10. A. indisposed B. sick C. injured D. unwell
11. A. pestered B. inflamed C. irritated D. ruffled
12. A. behind the times B. expired C. invaild D. out-of-date
13. A. fertility B. capacity C. productivity D. value
14. A. reimbursement B. damages C. atonement D. compensation
15. A. idiosyncratic B. personal C. unique D. individual

190 LIVING IN THE UK

When in Britain you must never complain. Complaining is very un-British. If you are
(1) waiting half an hour in a shop, if a bus (2) is rude to you, if a waiter
brings your food ice-cold-you keep your mouth shut. The (3) upper lip is the British
way. Other nationalities might make a (4) _, protest loudly or call for the manager, but
not the British.
Remember also that British ears are (5) not tuned to hear complaints. A
friend of mine was a regular (6) at a famous and expensive London restaurant.
Every day at 2 p.m. and 9 p.m. the (7) manager would come out (as he had been
doing for the last 37 years), go from table to table and (8) Did you enjoy your
meal? For 37 years, hundreds of thousands of properly (9) up English people had
replied to him: Very much indeed. The man would smile, say Thank you very much,
and
(10) to the next table.
 One day, however, the lunch was so (11) that my friend (Dutch mother,
Albanian father) decided to tell him the naked truth. So, when the antiquated manager (12)
at his table as usual and asked, Did you enjoy your meal, sir?my friend replied:
(13) , not at all. It was appalling. To which the manager gave his (14)
obsequious smile, said: Thank you very much, sir, and moved on, quite (15) .

1. A. kept B. made C. stayed D. held

5. A. assistant B. attendant C. conductor D. steward
3. A. hard B. stiff C. firm D. inflexible
4. A. discussion B. argument C. quarrel D. fuss
5. A. utterly B. easily C. simply D. modestly
6. A. supporter B. customer C. purchaser D. guest
7. A. mature B. outdated C. elderly D. vintage
8. A. inquire B. query C. request D. probe
9. A. raised B. brought C. educated D. grown
10. A. motion B. progress C. shift D. stride
11. A. abominable B. painful C. offensive D. harrowing
12. A. surfaced B. appeared C. descended D. joined
13. A. Sincerely B. Largely C. Bluntly D. Frankly
14. A. customary B. average C. commonplace D. daily
15. A. convinced B. fulfilled C. satisfied D. complete
191 ARITOTLE
Aristotle lived during the time when Philip of Macedonia was conquering areas of
Greece such as Attica. Aristotle (1) to Athens when he was 17 to study philosophy.
He became a student of Plato, only (2) the academy after Platos death. After a
period of (3) , Aristotle decided to (4) with his former teachers views on
philosophy. In 343 BC he was employed as a tutor for Alexander the Great, whom he taught
for four years. Aristotle (5) the Lyceum, which was well known for its zoo and
library, a public garden and a gymnasium, which was (6) to Apollo. Aristotle
lectured to his students there, and it (7) an educational institution for 800 years.
After Alexanders death, anti-Macedonian feeling (8) Aristotle to escaped to the
north where he lived for one year, (9) his death at the age of 62. Unfortunately, only
a fifth of his writings have (10) . These works are mostly (11) up of those
discovered in a cellar in 100 BC. There are 60 (12) works and 20 pseudonymous
(13) ones. Since the time of the find, philosophers have argued about the value and
meaning of his writings. For example, in Italy in the 1500s there was a reaction against his
ideas, which were (14) _ as unnecessarily complicated. In spite of this, his influences
as a philosopher has continued to the (15) _ day.
1. A. went B. arrived C. landed D. reached
5. A. abandoning B. leaving C. deserting D. escaping
3. A. voyage B. trip C. journey D. travel
4. A. break B. separate C. stop D. oppose
5. A. formed B. based C. founded D. imposed
6. A. dedicated B. devoted C. offered D. given
7. A. endured B. lasted C. remained D. kept
8. A. made B. forced C. kicked D. pushed
9. A. since B. at C. to D. until
10. A. traced B. rescused C. survived D. saved
11. A. held B. kept C. turned D. made
12. A. pure B. real C. genuine D. true
13. A. wrong B. false C. artificial D. fake
14. A. declared B. seen C. observed D. noticed
15. A. present B. now C. current D. close

192 ART IN AMSTERDAM

One of the worlds most radical museums, which can be found in Amsterdam, has
recently reached the great (1) of 100. The Stedelijk Museum first opened its (2)
on 14 September, 1895 and it was controversial from the start. The French poet
Appolinaire (3) it as the only place in the (4) where you can see truly
modern art.From the (5) its main (6) was to display the best of new of
whether it was accepted by the establishment or not. Back in 1905, its decision to show the
work of Van Gogh (7) a problem with city authorities, as his work was little
valuedat the time. But the (8) trouble started after the War when they decided to
exhibits, as (11) to previous directors. He believes it is his (12) to care for
the old collection of paintings as well as to continue encouraging new art. As (13) as
the futures concerned, he has decided to display a (14) collection of modern
 th
classics, including art dating back to the 19 century, but he will also continue to (15)
for more unusual and daring work to display at the Stedelijk.

1. A. era B. age C. birth D. period

5. A. doors B. hands C. entrance D. gates
3. A. illustrated B. defined C. described D. characterised
4. A. earth B. continent C. Europe D. world
5. A. introduction B. origin C. beginning D. commencement
6. A. cause B. view C. reason D. purpose
7. A. made B. caused C. brought D. did
8. A. apparent B. TRUE C. real D. virtual
9. A. present B. topical C. now D. contemporary
10. A. constant B. steady C. stuck D. cautious
11. A. opposed B. contrasted C. different D. unlike
12. A. intention B. charge C. duty D. aim
13. A. long B. far C. much D. though
14. A. continual B. constant C. fixed D. permanent
15. A. search B. view C. investigate D. explore

193 PANAMA HATS

When summer comes and the sun appears, its (1) to have a hat. Many
people have traditionally (2) for the panama hat. Stylish, tight and cool on the head,
these palm leaf hats are flexible enough to roll up and (3) in a pocket or bag.
Nowadays panamas can be found in fashionable shops (4) over the world,
sometimes at exorbitant (5) . However the hat itself originated in rather humble (6)
in the jungles of South America. In a long tradition (7) down from
generation to generation, the palm leaves are (8) by the men and the hats are woven
by the woman. It can (9) up to 12 palm leaves to make a (10) quality hat.
Each leaf split up to 25 times to obtain a straw that is fine enough to e woven into a hat. The
womens job is dictated by the weather and visibility: there must be enough light for them to
(11) the fine straw, but the air must be moist enough for it to (12) flexible.
This means that the women can usually only work in the (13) morning. (14)
panama hats are expensive, back in the villages the craftsmen and women are
struggling to keep the tradition (15) and often receive only a fraction of the price
you pay in the shops.
1. A. well B. right C. functional D. good
5. A. sought B. gone C. asked D. tried
3. A. put B. add C. locate D. insert
4. A. on B. all C. throughout D. at
5. A. prices B. tags C. amounts D. costs
6. A. parts B. surroundings C. areas D. environments
7. A. past B. given C. handed D. delivered
8. A. gathered B. congregated C. grouped D. massed
9. A. need B. be C. want D. take
10. A. great B. grade C. top D. class
11. A. see B. watch C. discern D. attend
12. A. continue B. endure C. persist D. remain
13. A. prompt B. soon C. early D. fast
14. A. Even B. Although C. But D. Still
15. A. live B. existing C. alive D. lively

194 HOW TO HAVE PERFECT POSTURE

Next time you take a look in the mirror, try standing sideways on. Do you see a long
elegant back or are your shoulders as rounded as the hump of a camel?
Bad posture normally starts in our teenage years when we slouch around with our (1)
trying to look cool. But (2) up those who now while away their days sitting
in front of a computer where its (3) _ too easy to (4) something as essential
as good posture.
As we grow older these poor (5) are exacerbated, but by taking (6)
immediately we can not only look and feel better but protect our body for the future. Make
sure you sleep on a firm mattress at night. (7) lying flat on your back; instead try
sleeping in a curled position on your side. The (8) revival in platform shoes doesnt
help and wearing shoes with heels more than (9) centimeters high is just asking for
(10) . Dont load everything into a bad that you wear on one shoulder or youll
end up lopsided. (11) _ the weight evenly by wearing a rucksack or even a bag around
your waist. When you get home from a days studying or work its all too (12) to
 slump on the sofa in front of the telly. Sitting in this way (13) feel comfortable but
it prevents you from breathing properly. Try to sit (14) with the stomach pulled (15)
in.

1. A. mates B. acquaintances C. colleagues D. counterparts

2. A. head B. feet C. hands D. eyes
3. A. so B. all C. quite D. rather
4. A. miss B. mistreat C. harm D. neglect
5. A. customs B. rituals C. habits D. practices
6. A. action B. something C. moves D. course
7. A. Evade B. Avoid C. Prevent D. Restrain
8. A. current B. topical C. contemporary D. existing
9. A. various B. considerable C. several D. mumerous
10. A. concern B. problem C. fuss D. trouble
11. A. Scatter B. Distribute C. Disseminate D. Circulate
12. A. enticing B. attractive C. irresistible D. temping
13. A. will B. could C. may D. should
14. A. level B. erect C. vertical D. upright
15. A. firmly B. strongly C. tightly D. sharply

195 THEME HOLIDAYS IN SCOTLAND

If you like to build your holiday round a theme or particular activity, there are many
opportunities open to you. The Scottish Tourist Board publishes an excellent (1) ,
Adventure and Special Interest Holidays in Scotland, containing (2) of dozens of
ideas for different holidays together with addresses to (3) . Write for a copy to
any of their offices.
You can, for example, go on an archaeological holiday and be (4) to the many
prehistoric (5) on the Solway Coast and the Early Christian remains at Withorn. For
creative people there are any number of arts and crafts (6) that offer instruction as
well as (7) . Prices vary, depending on the (8) of teaching and
accommodation. Subject range from painting and music to wood-carving, silver-smithing and
(9) . Outdoor (10) can choose from a wide range too from bird watching
to camping, from gliding to golf.
 If youve always wanted to see the west (11) of Scotland from the sea but
havent got your own boat and prefer an experienced hand at the helm, try STA Schooners.
They (12) week-long voyages in the Tall Ship Malcolm Miller, a 300- ton schooner,
and part of the experience is that you are one of the (13) - a pleasure for which you
pay quite a lot. Hebridean Island Cruises offer a variety of cruises to many of the most
beautiful spots on the western seaboard in the Hebridean Princess, a luxury floating hotel
with a crew of thirty (14) forty passengers. If youre lucky with the weather and can
(15) it this could be the ideal holiday for you.

1. A. prospectus B. catalogue C. journal D. brochure

2. A. data B. facts C. details D. information
3. A. visit B. contract C. write D. know
4. A. introduced B. referred C. invited D. presented
5. A. situations B. sites C. sights D. sightings
6. A. practices B. studies C. careers D. courses
7. A. relaxation B. learning C. improvement D. recuperation
8. A. amount B. capacity C. quality D. quantity
9. A. sailing B. stone-cutting C. water-skiing D. chess
10. A. experts B. sports C. activities D. enthusiasts
11. A. coast B. shore C. bank D. seaside
12. A. set B. take C. run D. stage
13. A. crew B. staff C. team D. group
14. A. to take on B. to help C. to treat D. to look after
15. A. buy B. afford C. pay D. spend

196 WOLE SOYINKA

Wole Soyinka, who was born in 1934, is Nigerian writer, poet and playwright. Many
(1) him as Africas most (2) playwright. He won the Nobel Prize for
Literature in 1986, the first African writer to win this honour.
Soyinka has played an active role in Negerias (3) history. In 1967, during
the Civil War in Nigeria, he was arrested by the Federal Government and put in solitary (4)
for attempting to broker a peace between the warring parties. While in prison he
wrote (5) which was published in a collection. He was released two years later after
international attention was drawn to his (6) . His experiences in prison are
recounted
in a book. He is an outspoken (7) of many Nigerain administrations, and of political
tyrannies worldwide, including the Mugabe regime in Zimbabwe. Much of his (8)
has been concerned with the (9) boot and the irrelevance of the colour of the that
wears it.
1986 was his most glorious year and occurred during the reigns of several violent and
repressive African regimes. The Swedish Academy (10) him the Nobel Prize for
Literature as a writer who in a wide (11) _ perspective and with poetic overtones
fashions the drama of (12) .The foremost Nigerian (13) became the first
African Nobel laureate, enshrined forever in the history of world literature. His Nobel
Lecture was devoted to South African African freedom-fighter Nelson Mandela. Soyinkas
(14) speech criticised apartheid and the politics of racial segregation imposed on the
population by the Nationalist South African government. They year brought him another (15)
award the Agip Prize for Literature and he was awarded a Nigerian national
decoration: Commander of the Federal Republic.
1. A. consider B. believe C. think D. regard
2. A. distinguish B. distinguished C. distinguishable D. distinguishing
3. A. politic B. politician C. politically D. political
4. A. confining B. confine C. confinement D. configuration
5. A. poet B. poems C. poem D. poetry
6. A. imrisonment B. in prison C. jailer D. prisoner
7. A. criticise B. criticism C. criticising D. critic
8. A. writings B. writer C. wright D. writing
9. A. oppress B. oppresion C. oppressive D. oppesser
10. A. granted B. awarded C. awards D. grants
11. A. culture B. cultured C. cultural D. cultures
12. A. existence B. existent C. exist D. existential
13. A. dramatic B. dramatist C. dramatically D. drama
14. A. accepting B. accept C. accepted D. acceptance
15. A. literary B. literate C. literally D. literal

197 ART GOES AUDIO

 Visitors to the famous Tate Gallery in London can now (1) the British artist
David Hockney talk about one of his paintings, which his (2) The Bigger Splash.
 Following the example of the French, who have (3) such a system in the Louvre in
Paris. Technology is coming to both the Tate and the National Gallery, two of Britains (4)
prestigious art institutions. The Tate is now offering Tateinform, a personal audio
(5) to the paintings and sculptures (6) show, and to the themes of (7)
displays. At the (8) of a button visitors can listen to artists, art critics and
gallery curators explaining any work that (9) their interest; they can stop, start, rewind or fast-
forward their cassette machines (10) they want. Many of the commentaries on works
of art (11) several layers of information. Style, content and
symbols may be explained, or you may even be given details of particular paints the artist has
used. Some of the artists (12) on the inspiration for their own works. David
Hockney, for (13) talks about his interest in the surface an movement of water in his
commentary for The Bigger Splash. The (14) of audio guides is a great help to
people wanting to (15) _ a better understanding of art.
1. A. listen B. hear C. attend D. observe
2. A. told B. said C. called D. announced
3. A. brought on B. brought in C. brought out D. brought along
4. A. much B. wholly C. great D. most
5. A. guide B. intruction C. plan D. map
6. A. in B. on C. at D. to
7. A. certain B. definite C. secure D. sure
8. A. switch B. press C. touch D. push
9. A. fills B. opens C. turns D. catches
10. A. that B. however C. whenever D. where
11. A. say B. offer C. propose D. tell
12. A. aim B. direct C. look D. focus
13. A. illustration B. sample C. instance D. case
14. A. introduction B. start C. presentation D. discovery
15. A. earn B. take C. win D. gain

198 SECRET AGENT POND

 Charles Pond had been working late that night. The only sound that could be heard
was the sound of his fingers on the (1) . He had been (2) to finish his
report and now time was running (3) . He had to finish before they got there. He
was (4) the last paragraph on the computer when suddenly he (5) a noise
just outside the window. Pond knew Cappuccinos men were (6) for him but he
hadnt expected them to (7) up so quickly. He ignored the sound and (8)
on writing. Then he heard footsteps. He immediately (9) the text and went over to
the window to (10) . He drew the curtains (11) . Pond could see from the
wet roads that it had been raining (12) night. He could see nobody, but thought hed better go
out and (13) just in case. He opened the door and (14) slowly
into the garden. Then he saw someone running (15) in the darkness.
1. A. hard disk B. keyboard C. screen D. processor
2. A. managing B. incapable C. unable D. unlucky
3. A. off B. out C. away D. up
4. A. terminating B. ending C. finishing D. completing
5. A. heard B. noticed C. felt D. listened
6. A. making B. running C. seeing D. searching
7. A. go B. turn C. run D. get
8. A. went B. took C. continued D. pushed
9. A. loaded B. pressed C. saved D. sent
10. A. control B. inspect C. test D. investigate
11. A. aside B. away C. out D. off
12. A. throughout B. entire C. whole D. all
13. A. check B. watch C. inquire D. control
14. A. climbed B. walked C. ran D. fell
15. A. towards B. out C. away D. up

199 HIV BREAKTHROUGH

Scientists believe that they have made a (1) breakthrough in fighting HIV
they have shown what happens when an infection-fighting antibody attacks a (2) in
HIVs (3) defences. Finding a vaccine against HIV has been very difficult because
the proteins on the surface of the virus are continually mutating, but they have shown an
antibody, called b12, attacking a week spot of the virus where the protein is (4) .
The virus is able to (5) _ rapidly to avoid (6) by the immune system, and
is also covered in sugary molecules which block access by antibodies. (7) , certain
parts of the virus must remain (8) unchanged so that it can catch hold of and enter
human cells. One protein that sticks out from the surface of the virus and binds to receptors
on host cells is one such region, which makes it a target for vaccine development.
Previous analyses of the (9) of people that have been able to keep HIV
from developing into AIDS for long periods of time (10) revealed a (11)
group of antibodies including b12 that seem to fight HIV with some degree of (12)
. The latest study showed study showed how the antibody and (13)
protein interact. Scientists hope that revealing the (14) of this bond in such (15)
detail will provide clues about how best to attack HIV.

1. A. major B. majority C. solution D. final

2. A. line B. space C. gap D. shape
3. A. consider B. considerate C. considerably D. considerable
4. A. stable B. unstable C. instability D. stability
5. A. mutation B. mutant C. mutating D. mutate
6. A. detective B. detect C. detection D. dectecting
7. A. However B. Though C. Also D. Even though
8. A. relative B. relatively C. relatives D. relation
9. A. bleed B. blood C. bleeding D. bloody
10. A. was B. have C. has D. were
11. A. seldom B. occasional C. rarely D. rare
12. A. success B. successful C. successfully D. succeed
13. A. a B. the C. these D.
14. A. structure B. stricture C. blueprint D. plan
15. A. quite B. precision C. exacting D. precise

200 KITCHEN STAR

Peter White has made such a great success of his new restaurant Tastesthat he
has just received a second star. The fourteen table restaurant is (1) booked every
evening this year, and two receptionists are on full-time duty to ensure the business (2)
smoothly. Not only is he fulfilling a lifelong ambition, he is also (3)
more than ever dreamt possible hes just bought a new Ferrari to add to his (4) .
However, life hasnt always been so easy for Peter. He (5) in Northern
Ireland, in a family which, although poor, always (6) on eating well and they never
went (7) . After doing a (8) at catering college, and (9) his
exams with distinction, he moved to London to work in one of the citys (10)
restaurants. On his first day Peter remembers two things the smell of (11) bread
and the chef throwing a pan of sauce at him because he hadnt (12) it enough!
Peter (13) that doesnt treat his own (14) in such a manner, (15)
he does admit to regular shouting and burst of anger!

1. A. fully B. totally C. absolutely D. entirely

2. A. flows B. happens C. runs D. moves
3. A. taking B. gaining C. winning D. earning
4. A. set B. store C. collection D. group
5. A. grew up B. put up C. brought up D. showed up
6. A. promised B. maintained C. accepted D. insisted
7. A. after B. without C. over D. under
8. A. course B. work C. training D. lecture
9. A. qualifying B. succeeding C. graduating D. passing
10. A. head B. peak C. top D. lead
11. A. roasting B. baking C. grilling D. cooking
12. A. grated B. chopped C. stirred D. turned
13. A. tells B. speaks C. denies D. claims
14. A. crew B. staff C. troop D. band
15. A. although B. because C. even D. despite

201
If you decide to buy a pet, you should (1) _ out as much as possible about the
pet you (2) . Cats are easy to (3) after and seem to be (4) , but
also need the company of people. If your cat finds someone who (5) for it more
than you do, it will change owners! A small puppy may look like a (6) pet, but
dont forget that it will (7) up. You may not be able to (8) up with a very
large dog that it too big for its (9) and which (10) on sleeping on your
bed! Unless you (11) it, it may attack people, or (12) loudly day and
night. Nobody loves a (13) pet. Perhaps this is why so many people (14)
in for birds or fish as pets. Whatever you decide in the (15) _, think carefully before
you make a decision.
1. A. find B. look C. go D. take
2. A. take B. decide C. choose D. do
 3. A. run B. look C. find D. change
4. A. singular B. depended C. single D. independent
5. A. cares B. feeds C. looks D. loves
6. A. suited B. suiting C. suit D. suitable
7. A. get B. grow C. stand D. buy
8. A. stay B. live C. put D. feed
9. A. lodging B. kennel C. cupboard D. box
10. A. relies B. concentrates C. carries D. insists
11. A. lesson B. learn C. train D. educate
12. A. bark B. quack C. moo D. wag
13. A. disobey B. disobeying C. disobedient D. disobeyed
14. A. prefer B. go C. decide D. take
15. A. house B. fact C. first D. end

202 ANN JOHNSON A CONFIDENTIAL REPORT

Ann Johnson has worked at this college for three years. She is a (1)
employee, and (2) on well with the other members of the department. We have all
found her to be an excellent (3) . She has always been (4) for her lessons,
and is an extremely (5) _ member of staff who is able to work independently. I can
always (6) on her to organize the end of term play, and she has put on some
extremely (7) productions. Her students often tell me how (8) _ she is,
always ready with a smile, and she has been very (9) to many of them. In (10)
she is not very talkative and seems rather (11) at first, and might not
show her true (12) in an interview. Her work is excellent, and she is (13)
to succeed. She is also quite (14) , and has applied for two other positions as
Director of Studies. I think that you can count (15) Ann to make your school a
success, and I recommend her for the post of Director.
1.
6. A.
A. conscience
request B.
B. conscientious
concentrate C.
C. consiousness
rely D.
D. conscious
take
2.
7. A.
A. gets
imaginary B.
B. carries
imaginative C.
C. goes
imagination D.
D. likes
imagined
3.
8. A.
A. fellow
tempered B.
B. adult
frank C.
C. employer
cheerful D.
D. colleague
proud
4.
9. A.
A. times
kind B.
B. late
aggressive C.
C. punctual
polite D.
D. hourly
mean
5. A.
10. A. first
greedy B. times
B. lazy C. usual
C. stubborn D. private
D. reliable

11. A. shy B. but C. however D. alone

12. A. person B. character C. behaviour D. part
 13. A. used B. had C. determined D. supposed
14. A. obedient B. ambitious C. grateful D. disappointed
15. A. on B. for C. with D. to

203 DOG RACE IN ALASKA

Every winter in Alaska a race is held. But this is no ordinary race. Teams of dogs pull
wooden sleds along the snow and ice. A single driver is in (1) of each team, and
stands on the sled. This race is (2) as the Iditarod, and runs from the town of
Anchorage to the village of Nome, a journey of more than 1,600 kilometres. It usually (3)
the dogs ten days to (4) the course.
The Iditarod is usually in extremely difficult weather (5) Daytime
temperatures (6) from zero to minus 40 degrees. Visibility is often very poor, so
drivers never allow themselves to become (7) from their team of dogs. Indeed, the
drivers (8) almost entirely on the dogs for their survival. Each year a considerable
(9) of competitors have to (10) _ from the race owing to exhaustion or
coldness, and sometimes even the dogs get ill or injured.
The (11) of the race goes back many years to a time when some medicine
needed to be taken to Nome, a very remote village. (12) particularly severe
weather, the only (13) to send the medicine from Anchorage was using a group of
husky dogs. Happily, the medicine was delivered just time to (14) lives. Alaskans
celebrate the heroic journey with the Iditarod, which (15) the same route across the
frozen interior of Alaska.
1.
5. A.
A. responsibility
backgrounds B.
B. direction
situations C.
C. charge
conditions D.
D. care
circumstances
2.
6. A.
A. called
range B.
B. known
stretch C.
C. named
spread D.
D. referred
differ
3.
7. A. broken
A. takes B. divided
B. makes C. split
C. gives D. separated
D. lasts
4.
8. A. rest
A. end B. depend
B. complete C. expect
C. fulfil D. trust
D. conclude

9. A. amount B. sum C. total D. number

10. A. remove B. pull C. retire D. draw
11. A. origin B. cause C. basis D. reason
12. A. Providing that B. However C. Although D. Because of
13. A. way B. process C. manner D. aim
14. A. free B. save C. ruscue D. guard
15. A. does B. goes C. accompanies D. follows
 204 A MAPMAKER IN THE MAKING
For most families, a trip in the car to an unfamiliar area involves at least one argument
about the best route to (1) . This is not the (2) , however, in the Williams
family from Worcester. They never (3) lost when five-year-old Deniel is with
them. Thats because Daniel has the incredible (4) to tell you about the best way to
get from one place to another anywhere in England, and (5) he doesnt need a map
he can do it off the top if his (6) .
Daniel has been (7) in place names ever since he first learnt to talk. When
he was about three, he started asking his parents questions about how the roads they drove
along (8) up, and it soon became (9) that he had a photographic memory
for maps. He had no difficulty n remembering the information and (10) it to what
he saw from the car window.
Now, after school, Daniels (11) game is drawing maps of the road system
in all sorts of places that he has never vent visited. His parents have no (12) where
his particular talent (13) from because nobody else in the family has it. (14)
hes also a football fan, and is learning to play the keyboard, Daniels man (15)
in life is to become a mapmaker.
1. A. make B. do C. take D. do
2. A. case B. instance C. event D. fact
3. A. fall B. have C. keep D. get
4. A. skill B. ability C. facility D. technique
5. A. as well as B. because of C. apart from D. what's more
6. A. brain B. mind C. head D. memory
7. A. interested B. capable C. keen D. good
8. A. grew B. caught C. stood D. joined
9. A. confident B. obvious C. sure D. positive
10. A. regarding B. recognising C. relating D. reflecting
11. A. favourite B. desired C. admirable D. selected
12. A. understanding B. thought C. explanation D. idea
13. A. passes B. comes C. works D. gains
14. A. Although B. Despite C. However D. Since
15. A. qualification B. outcome C. ambition D. fortune
 205 SCOTTISH ISLAND
On our first days driving on the Scottish island of Mull, my husband and I came to a
stretch of water that we had to cross on a small ferry boat. The ferryman asked if we would
(1) waiting ten minutes while he (2) a family of cows across the (4)
of Mull, a place far removed from the hurried confusion of city life.
For travelers in (5) of a quiet, peaceful place there can be few better (6)
. We (7) the island to be a charming mix of mountains, castles and sandy
beaches. One of the best days of our trip was when we (8) a nature tour of the
island, and had the (9) fortune to see a (10) of rare creatures, including
red deer and golden eagles.
But no visit to Mull is (11) without a trip to the small island of Iona, just off
the south-western tip of Mull, Iona has great historical (12) because it is the place
where early Scottish kings were buried. Our first attempt to get to Iona had to be (13)
owing to the heavy rain which is another characteristic of the island. It was another
three days before we could get Iona, but in the (14) it was well worth the (15)
, and was the highlight of our trip.

1. A. mind B. care C. bother D. object

2. A. gathered B. loaded C. transported D. removed
3. A. incicent B. event C. accident D. act
4. A. badge B. sign C. mark D. symbol
5. A. aim B. search C. hope D. exploration
6. A. stations B. ends C. dest nations D. goals
7. A. realised B. learned C. experienced D. found
8. A. assisted B. included C. joined D. participated
9. A. good B. happy C. lucky D. enjoyable
10. A. sum B. number C. total D. figure
11. A. full B. entire C. whole D. complete
12. A. concern B. significance C. substance D. fame
13. A. dropped B. rejected C. left D. abandoned
14. A. end B. finish C. conclusion D. close
15. A. pause B. wait C. interval D. halt
206 SO NEAR AND YET SO FAR
 From Lands End, in southwestern England, to John OGroats in northeastern
Scotland is 903 miles. Its a long way to walk or cycle, through the famously unpredictable
weather, but its the sort of challenge that (1) to people. Steve Watts, (2)
, joined a team which was cycling from one end of the British isles to other as a
way of (3) money for charity.
All went well on Steves trip, which was very well-organised and he (4) to
complete the distance in eleven days. At least, he nearly did. For when Steve got to within a
mile of his (5) destination, he was so overjoyed with his (6) , that he
invited one of his back-up team, a young female physiotherapist, to join him on the bike for
the last few metres.
Thats when disaster (7) . Somehow the pair (8) their balance and
the bike crashed to the ground. The next thing Steve knew was when he () up in an
ambulance on his (11) , but he had also (12) to complete his journey after
all. Fortunately, however, the organizers (13) sorry for Steve and decided to (14)
the fact that he hadnt actually (15) the finishing line!

1. A. likes B. attracts C. enjoys D. appeals

2. A. however B. such as C. for example D. as well as
3. A. doing B. raising C. fetching D. gaining
4. A. managed B. enabled C. succeeded D. coped
5. A. furthest B. latest C. teriminal D. final
6. A. realisation B. fulfiment C. achievement D. conclusion
7. A. shot B. struck C. burst D. broke
8. A. lost B. missed C. slipped D. spoilt
9. A. caught B. woke C. got D. came
10. A. approach B. path C. travel D. way
11. A. badly B. heavily C. hardly D. strongly
12. A. lacked B. avoided C. failed D. refused
13. A. said B. felt C. had D. got
14. A. neglect B. escape C. ignore D. reject
15. A. delivered B. respected C. ridden D. crossed

207 WEDDING BELLS

I love weddings, although Im not actually planning to get married myself, at least not
in the (1) future. Marriage, though, is definitely back in fashion. For the last twenty
years or so, the trend has been for young people to wait, to (2) on their education
and their career before thinking about (3) _ down and starting a family. But
apparently, things are now changing. The reason, it seems, is that so many famous celebrities
are getting married relatively young, and (4) a great deal of publicity in the process,
and as a result young people are getting (5) about the idea of marriage again.
It could be, (6) that what seems so appealing is not the idea of married life
at all, but rather the (7) _ of a big party and (8) of expensive presents. This
seems to me the only advantage of getting married. I mean, how often do you actually (9)
to gather all your friends and family together in one place, all dressed up and on
their (10) behaviour, with yourself as the (11) of attention? But, to tell
you the (12) , when it comes to weddings, I have a lot in (13) with a
football fan. I know that I dont actually have to play the game in order to enjoy it. So, as I
(14) , I love weddings, but only as (15) _ as they are other peoples!

1. A. next B. first C. near D. close

2. A. concentrate B. dedicate C. devote D. commit
3. A. turning B. cutting C. pulling D. settling
4. A. catching B. gaining C. earning D. keeping
5. A. attracted B. interested C. fascinated D. excited
6. A. however B. despite C. therefore D. although
7. A. hope B. wish C. thought D. luck
8. A. pots B. packs C. crowds D. loads
9. A. succeed B. manage C. enable D. arrive
10. A. top B. perfect C. ideal D. best
11. A. spot B. centre C. heart D. middle
12. A. truth B. reality C. honesty D. fact
13. A. familiar B. common C. similar D. alike
14. A. remark B. tell C. say D. speak
15. A. long B. well C. soon D. far

208 EXERCISING TO MUSIC

All sorts of sportpeople say that there are great benefits to be gained from exercising
to music its an opinion which is shared by sports scientists at London University who have
been studying the (1) of music on exercise performance. They have now (2)
 that listening to motivating tunes can help people to get fit quicker. They
discovered that the right tunes not only inspire people start exercising in the first (3)
, but also enable to (4) out for longer. Music can calm someone down
after a stressful day, so that they are more in the (5) to exercise. But also, (6)
on the rhythm of music helps people to (7) going when they are getting
tired.
The research attended gyms in various countries to (8) the reactions of
different age groups to different types of music. Interestingly, they found that it is the music
that people (9) with their youth that inspires them most. The researchers also
visited international athletics meetings, and found that music can also help (10)
athletes to perform to a higher (11) . Before and during a competition, it can (12)
vital changes to their mental state, which can (13) the difference
between winning and losing.
The British fitness industry is (14) the findings seriously. Several leisure
companies have (15) surveys to ask members about their musical preferences.
1.
6. A.
A. results
thinking B.
B. force
reflecting C.
C. significance
visualising D.
D. effects
concentrating
2.
7. A.
A. checked
stay B.
B. proved
keep C.
C. defined
hold D.
D. relied
continue
3.
8. A. observe
A. place B. follow
B. case C. regard
C. step D. remark
D. instance
4.
9. A. accompany
A. wear B. combine
B. make C. associate
C. draw D. join
D. work
5. A.
10. A. head
humour B. top
B. mind C. chief
C. mood D. upper
D. state

11. A. standard B. average C. measure D. amount

12. A. turn on B. set up C. bring about D. let in
13. A. mean B. represent C. allow D. cause
14. A. seeing B. acting C. doing D. taking
15. A. handed in B. written up C. drawn up D. filled in

209 THE ORIGIN OF THE WIZARDS HAT

The popular image of the wizard, and old man in a tall hat who has magical powers, is
a (1) on in European myths and fairy tales. But (2) to a team of German
archaeologists, people who looked like wizard may really have existed as (3) ago
as the Bronze age, and they really did wear pointed hats. But these were not the cloth hats we
(4) with fictional characters such as Harry Poster and Gandalf. (5) , these
wizards had hats of gold that (6) them to predict the movements of the planets and
stars.
 This is the (7) of archaeologists who are trying to (8) the 150-
year-old mystery of the strange yet beautiful golden cone-shaped objects that sometimes (9)
up at archaeological sites across Europe. Some people (10) forward the
idea that cones might have been vases, others that they could have been a soldiers head
protection, but now historians think they must (11) have been tall hats. The men
who wore them were (12) as magicians because they could predict with (13)
the best time for sowing, planting and harvesting crops. And the hats played an
important (14) in this, as they were covered in astronomical pictures and would
have been worn on very special (15) when the movements of the sun and moon
were calculated.
1.
5. A.
A. plain
Therefore B.
B. general
Although C.
C. familiar
Instead D.
D. broad
Regardless
2.
6. A.
A. according
made B.
B. supposing
helped C.
C. providing
let D.
D. owing
meant
3.
7. A. completion
A. ages B. result
B. far C. outcome
C. time D. conclusion
D. long
4.
8. A. solve
A. remind B. prove
B. associate C. fulfil
C. recognise D. detect
D. acknowledge

9. A. pull B. keep C. turn D. bring

10. A. put B. looked C. called D. came
11. A. honestly B. absolutely C. eventually D. actually
12. A. believed B. regarded C. concerned D. presumed
13. A. accuracy B. justice C. loyalty D. reality
14. A. share B. piece C. part D. task
15. A. incidents B. moments C. events D. occasions

210 LIFE SEVERS ON TWO WHEELS

When emergency service vehicles such as police cars, fire engines or ambulances
respond to an emergency (1) , they need to get the scene of the incident as quickly as
possible. At certain times of day, however, making their (2) through city centre
traffic can be a big problem and precious time can be (3) in trying to get past
traffic (4) ups. An experiment (5) out recently in the city of York, may
(6) an answer to problem, at least in the (7) of ambulances.
The researchers in York discovered that specially- adapted mountain bikes negotiated
the citys rush-hour traffic much more (8) than a traditional ambulance could. In
the experiment, a paramedic on a mountain bike (9) the ambulance every time, and
always arrived within the eight-minutes standard response time laid down by the British
government. The bicycles were fitted with sirens, (10) lights and medical
 equipment and are (11) by paramedics who are able to (12) patients on
the spot. Sometimes this meant giving emergency first-aid until the ambulance arrived, but
often the paramedic was able to deal with the situation (13) , thus allowing the
ambulance to be redirected to other emergencies.
Obviously, mountain bikes would not be so (14) _ in rural areas, but for
small cities, and busy city centres with one-way (15) and pedestrian-only areas
they could well prove to be very useful.
1.
3. A. dropped
A. call B. missed
B. appeal C. spared
C. trip D. lost
D. order
2.
4. A. stick
A. road B. jam
B. track C. hold
C. way D. block
D. route

5. A. fitched B. carried C. taken D. put

6. A. predict B. process C. presume D. provide
7. A. example B. case C. instance D. event
8. A. easily B. simply C. hastily D. purely
9. A. excelled B. won C. beat D. defeated
10. A. switching B. twinkling C. sparkling D. flashing
11. A. driven B. trodden C. ridden D. handled
12. A. heal B. treat C. mend D. cure
13. A. alone B. apart C. singy D. solely
14. A. able B. effective C. competent D. powerful
15. A. techniques B. organisations C. establisment D. systems

211 A TRAFFIC WARDEN IN LONDON

As a traffic warden in London I have various duties. I have a particular area which I
am (1) for. I patrol this area on foot. I have to (2) that cars are legally
parked, and that a parking permit is (3) in each car window.
Visitors from other countries often (4) us with policeman, which is an easy
error to (5) as our uniforms are quite similar, but we dont, for example, have the
(6) of arrest. But I can take (7) _ on illegally parked cars. Usually this
involves giving the owner of the vehicle a fine. For more serious parking (8) , I can
(9) for the vehicle to be towed away. We also have to look out for stolen vehicles
(10) to us by the police and to check to see that parking meters are (11)
properly.
One of the things that all traffic wardens have to (12) is that we are never
going to be well-loved by the public. You can understand why, I suppose, its because people
see us as a (13) _. Sometimes our contract with the public is more positive, however,
broken down, we can be called on to (14) traffic using arm signals. I particularly
enjoy that (15) of my work.

4. A. mistake B. confuse C. complicate D. misunderstand

5. A. do B. create C. commit D. make
1.
6. A. pewer
A. dependable B. authority
B. responsible C. ability
C. sensible D. order
D. reliable
2.
7. A. activity
A. check B. effect
B. inspect C. action
C. control D. effort
D. investigate
3.
8. A. difficulties
A. worn B. faults
B. revealed C. disagreements
C. displayed D. offences
D. demonstrated
9. A. plan B. sort C. arrange D. manage
10. A. reported B. notified C. told D. informed
11. A. handling B. using C. practising D. working
12. A. undertake B. accept C. agree D. receive
13. A. bother B. drawback C. nuisance D. trouble
14. A. send B. point C. conduct D. direct
15. A. aspect B. condition C. scene D. position

212 MIRRORS
Antique mirrors are the latest trend in high fashion according to Bridget de Breanski
of the Old French Mirror company. There is a great (1) at the moment. If you pick
(2) a magazine with pictures showing (3) decorating you will see antique
mirrors on the wall. There are several (4) for this but the main ones are that
they offer a cheap (5) to expensive paintings, they (6) _ to light up a room
or make a room look bigger. The value is (7) by the quality of the glass and the
reputation of the maker. Mirrors consistently remain in (8) and sky is the limit in
terms of price. However you do not always need to have (9) pockets and you can
buy a Victorian mirror at a reasonable (10) .
The earliest forms of mirror developed over a long time (11) . Around 4000
BC, Aztecs and Incas polished mica. North American Indians (12) by reflecting
mica, while the Greeks studied mirrors (13) . Socrates believed the human face was
shaped (14) ones actions and used mirrors for moral instruction. During the Han
period in China mirrors were (15) to influence the heavens magically.
1.
6. A.
A. popularity
assist B.
B. want
help C.
C. need
try D.
D. demand
manage
2.
7. A.
A. out
increased B.
B. up
risen C.
C. through
raised D.
D. over
improved
3.
8. A. trend
A. interior B. common
B. inside C. fashion
C. internal D. popularity
D. inwards
4. A. causes B. excuses C. reasons D. answers
5. A. subsititute B. alteration C. replacement D. alternative
 9. A. deep B. long C. wide D. narrow
10. A. worth B. price C. value D. cost
11. A. era B. duration C. period D. phase
12. A. communicated B. talked C. signalled D. signed
13. A. chemically B. biologically C. physically D. scientifically
14. A. through B. by C. in D. of
15. A. hoped B. supposed C. believed D. alleged

213 BEARS
Scientists in the United States have found that hibernating bears manage to keep fit in
their sleep. The (1) that over 130 days of winter hibernation bears (2)
only a quarter of their muscle power was made by (3) from the University of
Wyoming. The scientists (4) samples from black bears at the start and finish of the
hibernation. The researchers had to (5) attach devices to the bears and this meant
(6) into the caves (7) the autumn and spring. They attached a machine to
the bears legs for (8) muscle strength. The device was (9) to a computer
and very small electric (10) were sent to the bears nerves causing the legs to move
suddenly and the measurement was then taken.
The scientists are (11) that their research will enable them to help humans
that are confined (12) bed for a long time. Human beings that are (13)
for 130 days lose a/an (14) 90% of their body strength. Furthermore, in the future
there might be long-distance space (15) and the effects of lack of muscle
movement will need to be considered.
1.
8. A. adding
A. exploration B. guessing
B. invention C. measuring
C. discovery D. estimating
D. experiment
2.
9. A. connected
A. waste B. tied
B. spend C. tramsmitted
C. gain D. stuck
D. lose
3. A.
10. A. wires
investigators B. shocks
B. researchers C. signals
C. detectives D. messages
D. discoverers
4. A.
11. A. opimistic
made B.
B. did
enthusiastic C.
C. took
sympathetic D.
D. gained
pessimistic
5. A.
12. A. in
carefully B.
B. steadily
to C.
C. slowly
at D.
D. accurately
with
6. A.
13. A. inactive
climbing B.
B. running
unenergetic C.
C. creeping
lazy D.
D. sliding
unmovable
7. A.
14. A. guessed
at B.
B. over
measured C.
C. on
predicted D.
D. in
estimated
15. A. journey B. travel C. voyage D. trip

214 URBAN FOXES

People living in residential areas have begun to notice a new kind of wildlife (1)
 around streets, parks and gardens. These creatures wander (2) at night
time with few, if any, natural predators to fear. Even those who claim not be interested (3)
wildlife cannot fail to be fascinated by unusual (4) of these creatures.
The foxes have learned how to (5) the most of what built-up areas offer them.
They never (6) an opportunity to sift through rubbish bins, where they usually find
something worth eating. (7) the natural habitat of the fox is the countryside, the
rapid growth of new housing estates has meant a reduction in the farming land (8)
once provided a source of food for the foxes. The spread of foxes has already begun to (9)
problems for urban dwellers. (10) numbers of foxes on the roads at night
put both pedestrians and motorists at (11) . It seems strange that when so many
species on our planet seem to be (12) out, the fox, once regarded as a pest, should
be thriving. To (13) up: if we do not make (14) our mind about what
action to take, we may find that the fox population increases even more rapidly. It is difficult to
(15) what might happen then.
1.
9. A.
A. roaming
result B.
B. bobbing
arise C.
C. sweeping
lead D.
D. paddling
cause
2.
10. A.
A. scarcely
More B.
B. specially
Far C.
C. freely
Greater D.
D. furiously
Much
3.
11. A.
A. for
risk B.
B. in
danger C.
C. with
chance D.
D. to
threat
4.
12. A.
A. manner
finishing B.
B. function
dying C.
C. performance
ending D.
D. behaviour
passing
5.
13. A.
A. make
amount B. count
B. take C.
C. do
add D. find
D. sum
6.
14. A.
A. lose
out B. do
B. miss C.
C. avoid
up D.
D. escape
off
7.
15. A.
A. However
expect B. hope
B. Yet C.
C. Although
suppose D.
D. But
predict
8. A. whose B. which C. where D. while

215
The money that some professional sportsment earn shouldnt impress anyone when
you take into (1) the fact that only a few of them manage to (2)
immortality and everlasting fame. And once they reach their (3) and display their
talent at their best, they are fully conscious that their brilliant careers wont last for ever.
They live under a constant pressure of being (4) _ and subsequently replaced by
someone who is younger, faster and more (5) . For that reason, objectives like
retirement benefits and pensions are (6) great concern to all professional athletes.
Some of the retired competitors go as far as to organize strikes and rallies to (7)
their protest against any policy unresponsive to their demands (8) the
younger professional seek more upgrading solutions to the problem as more and more of
the m attach a proper significance to (9) a solid education, even at university level.
 Such an approach should help them find interesting and well-paid jobs (10) their
sports career is over.
A completely new strategy has been (11) by the schools priding themselves
(12) supporting their own teams. Their authorities insist that the sports clubs
members achieve high academic standards or else they are debarred from partaking in
certain sports event, which may lead to further (13) in their professional careers.
By these practical and most effective (14) , combining education with sports
activity, the (15) of the professional athlete as being brainless and unintelligent
may eventually be changing to the sportsmens benefit.
1.
5. A.
A. consideration.
achieved B.
B. attention
attributed C.
C. examination
accredited D.
D. reflection
accomplished
2.
6. A.
A. obtain
of B.
B. attain
in C.
C. fulfil
at D.
D. succeecd
with
3.
7. A.
A. capacity
insist B.
B. shape
claim C.
C. best
voice D.
D. prime
speak
4.
8. A.
A. outcast
whereas B.
B. outshone
whereby C.
C. outstayed
whereupon D.
D. outgrown
wherein
9. A. mastering B. learning C. receiving D. attending
10. A. right away B. promtly C. barely D. once
11. A. assembled B. devised C. installed D. emerged
12. A. with B. in C. for D. on
13. A. disruption B. hitch C. detachment D. wreckage
14. A. grounds B. results C. means D. factors
15. A. vision B. image C. outlook D. judgement

216 THE LOST CITY OF ATLANTIS

if (1) is an eighth Wonder of the World, it is probably the lost city of
Atlantis, if (2) we could find it. Despite the large (3) of money that have
been (4) trying to find the site of this ancient city, the most important (5) _
remains unanswered. Did it ever really (6) ?
Atlantis was first (7) by Plato in around 360 BC. He tells how Atlantis was
settled by Poseidon. The people were (8) _ _ from a city on a hill 15 miles wide and, at
first, they lived simple, virtuous lives. But slowly they became more and more greedy and
Zeus decided to (9) them a lesson.
It is possible that Plato (10) his story on the ancient civilization of Minoan
Crete, but other sites have also been (11) _. It is true that the Minoans were an
advanced society and it is (12) that ports on the north coast of Crete were (13)
 by a volcano some time around 3240 BC. When Plato died he left the story
incomplete and his student, Aristotle, claimed that Plato had (14) the whole thing
up. Whatever the reality, there are (15) thousands of people out there who believe
Atlantis will still be found.
1.
6. A.
A. it
place B.
B. there
happen C.
C. this
exist D.
D. that
live
2.
7. A.
A. just
described B.
B. sometimes
composed C.
C. only
written D.
D. hopefully
published
3.
8. A. coming
A. amounts B. ruling
B. figures C. living
C. costs D. ruled
D. totals
4.
9. A. learn
A. afforded B. teach
B. spent C. study
C. earned D. make
D. bougth
5. A.
10. A. though
problems B. inspired
B. difficulty C. based
C. test D. imagined
D. question
11. A. advised B. said C. told D. suggested
12. A. known B. knowing C. possibly D. perhaps
13. A. defeated B. denied C. decorated D. destroyed
14. A. made B. put C. pulled D. taken
15. A. even B. few C. still D. yet

217 ARE ALL-NATURAL PRODUCTS REALLY BETTER?

Unless youre slept through the last decade, you know that protecting the environment
is a (1) . But when it (2) to beauty products, natural doesnt always equal pure
and doesnt (3) mean better. Before rushing to the register with your 100 percent
green beauty gear, (4) a few things.
According to the FDA (Food and Drug Administration), the (5) natural is
used very (6) in the cosmetics world; any company can (7) a product natural.
(8) natural products are made from plant-based as (as opposed to man-made)
ingredients and do not (9) artificial dyes and fragrances. The advantage: plant-based
ingredients are renewable (10) that are safer for the environment (11) certain
man-made or natural, but highly processed ones (which can produce toxic (12) during
the manufacturing process and be nonbiodegradable). The disadvantage: some natural
ingredients, like (13) which help keep products germ-free, arent as effective as their
synthetic counterparts. Since natural ingredients havent been (14) as such as man-
made ones, you shouldnt assume .. theyre gentler (especially if youre allergy-prone or
have (15) skin).
1.
7. A.
A. should
baptise B.
B. can
name C.
C. must
call D.
D. may
entitle
2.
8. A.
A. arrives
Really B.
B. comes
Truthfully C.
C. reaches
Exactly D.
D. refers
Truly
3.
9. A.
A. necessarily
incorporate B. definitely
B. contain C. obligatorily
C. enclose D.
D. absolutely
involve
4. A. study B. think C. consult D. consider
5. A. definition B. term C. phrase D. idea
6. A. freely B. liberately C. easily D. loosely
 10. A. supplies B. sources C. essences D. resources
11. A. than B. from C. of D. to
12. A. garbage B. rubbish C. waste D. debris
13. A. conservatives B. preservatives C. medicines D. preserves
14. A. tested B. tried C. searched D. examined
15. A. delicate B. sensible C. sensitive D. sensational

218
As the twenty-first century approaches, it seems that more and more people are
leading increasingly hectic and stressful lives. This leaves little, if any, time for (1)
activities will (2) when our lifestyle becomes more stressful, but many people (3)
to realize that a few hours put aside to enjoy a sport each week can actually (4)
stress levels. Another (5) that is associated with (6) _ a sport is a
general improvement in health. This, in turn, can lead to weight (7) _, due to the fact
that fat is (8) when our heartbeat (9) above a certain level. However, as with
everything, there are certain drawbacks to taking (10) in a sport, the main one being that it can
(11) to serious injury. The main reasons for this are that we have not taken
the time to warm up properly or that we are not properly supervised in our chosen sport. In
addition, it is very easy to (12) the heart if exercise is suddenly taken up after not
having participated in any form of (13) activity for a long period of time. Taking all this
into account, sporting activities can be extremely beneficial to our health provided they are
(14) out with care and under correct supervision and are not (15) to an extreme.

8. A. burnt B. vanished C. left D. taken

1.
9. A. arises
A. free B. raises
B. spare C. progresses
C. leisure D. rises
D. blank
2. A.
10. A. time
disappear B. part
B. leave C. place
C. flee D. action
D. depart
3. A.
11. A. end
overlook
up B.
B. miss
result C.
C. fail
lead D.
D. forget
give
4. A.
12. A. strain
remove B.
B. reduce
exhaust C.
C. shorten
sprain D.
D. break down
break
5. A.
13. A. mental
help B. natural
B. profit C. physical
C. favour D. stressful
D. benefit
6. A.
14. A. worked
copying B. carried
B. doing C. done
C. acting D. run
D. performing
7. A.
15. A. dragged
removal B. led
B. damage C. forced
C. lost D. taken
D. loss

219
 Last summer, air pollution in Paris reached dangerous levels on six separate occa-
sions. As a result, the government have recently decided that public transport in French cities
will be (1) on days when pollution becomes a (2) to peoples health, in a(n)
(3) to encourage to leave their cars at home.
The Mayor of Paris said that he had several other ideas to reduce the pollution
problem, such as free parking on the (4) of the city on hot, still days when exhaust
fumes tend to accumulate. He has also (5) a $ 6 million plan for 56 km of bicycle
tracks, new pedestrianised (6) and a new tram (7) for southern Paris. His
most popular measure (8) becoming mayor last May has been to (9) traffic
from several streets on Sundays.
Every summer, air quality is at its (10) in Paris during holiday weekends,
especially one weekend in July when the (11) of the population leave by car for their
summer holidays. (12) the improve for the summer, but deteriorate again when most
residents return at the end of August. The free transport (13) is part of the response to
a new environmental regulation which says that local authorities must guarantee (14)
air. If it is (15) seriously, locals can look forward to a cleaner Paris in the future.
1.
8. A.
A. open
since B.
B. free
from C.
C. off
as D.
D. loose
while
2.
9. A.
A. risk
discharge B.
B. terror
expel C.
C. threat
restrict D.
D. damage
ban
3. A.
10. A. top
effort B.
B. pursuit
limits C.
C. trial
worst D.
D. try
full
4. A.
11. A. lots
provinces B.
B. areas
majority C.
C. suburbs
most D.
D. outskirts
plenty
5. A.
12. A. Conditons
exclaimed B.
B. announced
Opportunities C.
C. stated
Occasions D.
D. put in
Situations
6. A.
13. A. answer
rails B.
B. tracks
action C.
C. crossings
measure D.
D. zones
move
7. A.
14. A. saved
lane B. secure
B. line C. new
C. series D. safe
D. path

15. A. taken B. thought C. held D. formed

220 RENOVATING YOUR HOUSE

House prices, like taxes, very rarely go down, so if you (1) yourself in a
position where you need more living space, (2) renovating. Many families nowadays
are finding that their homes are too (3) . Whether they (4) a second bathroom,
more storage space or an extra bedroom, a lot of people are (5) to renovate their
homes instead of buying something bigger.
The (6) for this trend are, for the most part, financial. The cost of buying a
new home and the problems of moving house are enough to make anybody think twice before
deciding to relocate. Renovating allows you to stay in your own neighbourhood and in your
(7) home while making it more practical and comfortable to live in.
Although it is tempting to (8) and do the renovations yourself, it is always a
good idea to (9) a professional. There will be things you havent thought about or just
might not be aware of, such as supporting structures, government zoning regulations, or how
these renovations might affect any (10) changes you might want to make. A
professional will also to help you work within your budget and advise you (11)
insurance requirements.
Another advantage of renovating is that while the work is going on you can upgrade
your plumbing and electrical connections as (12) _ as adding insulation. Its also a
good time to (13) air conditioning, central heating or a home security system.
So, whether you want a home office, a granny flat or just more storage space, (14)
a good look around your house, the solution might be (15) you in the face.

1. A. realise B. notice C. commit D. find

2. A. think B. consider C. remember D. do
3. A. cramped B. spacious C. expensive D. cosy
4. A. have B. buy C. need D. use
5. A. thinking B. choosing C. wanting D. needing
6. A. findings B. meanings C. purposes D. reasons
7. A. own B. new C. real D. only
8. A. make B. attempt C. find D. try
9. A. rent B. hire C. buy D. borrow
10. A. past B. old C. future D. added
11. A. on B. to C. over D. for
12. A. long B. much C. well D. soon
13. A. input B. fix C. build D. install
14. A. take B. try C. do D. make
15. A. seeing B. staring C. punching D. falling

221 TWINS
On 19 August 1939 in Piqua, Ohio, twin brother were born to an unmarried mother.
They (1) on to be adopted by different families and (2) up not knowing of
each others existence. Jess and Lucille Lewis of Lima, Ohio, called their son James, (3)
that, 130 km away in Dayton, the other adoptive parents had also called their new son
James. It was another 39 years before James Lewis and James Springer were (4) but
 the list of coincidences regarding those (5) years is astonishing. Both had grown up
with adoptive brothers called Larry and owned dogs called Toy. At school both excelled (6)
mathematics but hated spelling. Both had (7) on 4.5 kg (10 lb) in their late
teens (8) no obvious reason before losing the weight later. Both (9) having
headaches when they were eighteen which would begin in the late afternoon and (10)
into migraines. Both had married women called Linda, divorced them and (11)
remarried women named Betty. One first son had been named James Alan, the other James
Allan. Both men had been part-time deputy sheriffs, (12) by McDonalds and worked
as pump attendants in petrol stations. Both liked stock car racing but hated baseball. Each year,
both twins had (13) their families to the small Florida holiday (14) ,
driving there in the same (15) of car and staying at hotels on the same beach.
1.
4. A.
A. went
rejoined B.
B. depended
linked C.
C. came
combined D.
D. were
reunited
2.
5. A.
A. brought
between B.
B. grew
missing C.
C. raised
interval D.
D. development
disappearing
3.
6. A. of
A. unaware B. for
B. unknown C. with
C. unthinking D. at
D. unimportant

7. A. taken B. put C. grown D. gone

8. A. without B. with C. being D. for
9. A. started B. used C. complained D. suffered
10. A. become B. keep C. develop D. continue
11. A. sonsequently B. subsequently C. therefore D. furthermore
12. A. employed B. worked C. staffed D. occupied
13. A. Travelled B. brought C. spent D. taken
14. A. recreation B. resort C. venue D. position
15. A. label B. name C. make D. badge

222 COCO CHANEL

Gabrielle Coco Chanel was born in Saumur, Southern France and was (1)
up in a French orphanage. She became an innovative dress designer (2) ruled over
Parisian high fashion for almost six decades. At age 30 she (3) a tiny hat shop and
quickly added sweaters, shirts and accessories. Within five years her simple an comfortable
designs attracted the (4) of influential wealthy women. Her style was a refreshing
change (5) the confining and tight-fitting corsets and long dresses with petticoats of
the time. She (6) jersey dress, bell-bottom trousers, trench coats, turtleneck sweaters
and the classic little black dress. Costume jewellery as well as bobbed hair are also credited
(7) Chanel. Traditional Chanel accessories include multiple strands (8) pearls
and gold chains, quilted handbags and sling-back pumps in ivory with black toes. At the (8)
of her career, Chanel (10) 3,500 people. The empire (11) a fashion
house, a textile business, a costume jewelly workshop, and perfume laboratories where the
famous perfume Chanel No.5 was (12) . Chanel retired in 1938 but (13) in
1954 to introduce another classic, the cardigan suit. Today; Chanel (14) to be one of
the most prestigious (15) in the world of fashion, fragrances, and cosmetics.
1.
5. A. into
A. grown B. from
B. raised C. for
C. lived D. with
D. brought
2.
6. A. introduced
A. which B. shaped
B. who C. formed
C. whom D. announced
D. whose
3.
7. A. for
A. started B. by
B. began C. of
C. replaced D. to
D. opened
4.
8. A. of
A. affection B. about
B. attention C. for
C. aid D. across
D. assistance

9. A. top B. head C. height D. point

10. A. employed B. worked C. used D. bossed
11. A. embraced B. included C. grouped D. surrounded
12. A. forged B. imagined C. revised D. created
13. A. returned B. reviewed C. restored D. replaced
14. A. persists B. continues C. maintians D. proceeds
15. A. types B. kinds C. names D. forms
223 WHALE WATCHING
Are whales more intelligent the human beings? Many people believe that they are,
and are fascinated by these enormous yet graceful creatures. In recent years, whale watching
has become extremely popular, as more and more people want to experience the feeling that
they are developing a(n) (1) relationship with whales.
Whale watching involves sailing out a long way from shore, often through very (2)
waters. As a result, many whale watchers are too busy worrying about their upset
stomachs or trying not to fall overbroad to actually look for whales. Most of them (3)
on a guide to keep an (4) out for the flash of a fin or the flash of a fin or glimpse of a
tail to let them know when to look.
However, there will not always be whales to see, and even (5) there are, there
is no (6) that the whale watchers will notice them. Whales are so (7) home in
the sea, and (8) into the water so well that they can be hard for people to (9)
even when one has been pointed (10) to them. A competent guide will usually be able
to find at least one, though, and it has to be said that a whales in its natural (11) is a
wonderful sight.
 The lucky whale watcher will be (12) to a spectacular display of water
gymnastics, as occasionally, whales will (13) into the air or wave at their audience
with their tails. They often spout jets of water high (14) the air. These acts generally
make whale watchers feel as though their trip has been (15) and has brought them
closer to understanding these huge, strange mammals.
1. A. private B. personal C. own D. individual
2. A. rough B. uneven C. jagged D. coarse
3. A. trust B. assume C. rely D. believe
4. A. ear B. eye C. arm D. elbow
5. A. whether B. though C. as D. if
6. A. promise B. argeement C. guarantee D. contract
7. A. at B. to C. with D. in
8. A. mix B. join C. combine D. blend
9. A. watch B. look C. spot D. glance
10. A. out B. to C. in D. for
11. A. home B. habitat C. place D. location
12. A. given B. entertained C. shown D. treated
13. A. fall B. swim C. jump D. climb
14. A. through B. across C. up D. into
15. A. worthwhile B. useful C. wasted D. sensible

224 CURRY CURES

Curry, nowadays, is becoming known as a traditional English food. In fact, it is (1)
easier to find an Indian restaurant than a fish and chip shop in most large cities and
towns in the UK. The reasons are obvious, curries are tasty, whereas traditional English food
(2) sometimes be quite bland. What few people know, (3) , is that most of the
herbs and spices used to make curry have medical properties.
Garlic and onions have been used (4) thousands of years to help lower
cholesterol and blood pressure and treat infections. Turmeric acid aids digestion, acts as an
antiseptic and supposedly has anti-cancer properties. Coriander, used (5) _ the ancient
Greeks and Egyptians to flavor wine, is known to ease migraine headaches.
Ginger is (6) known for its ability to suppress nausea and reduce fever. When
used topically it also acts as an effective (7) _. Chilli is also famous as a topical pain
reliever as well as being able to stop bleeding (8) applied to a cut. It also helps the
body produce endorphins which cause feelings of pleasure. Cloves are useful for preserving
food and they are also a(n) (9) ingredient in topical pain relievers used by dentists.
But, be warned, before you go rushing to your spice rack to (10) your aches
and pains make sure that you (11) what you are doing. Most of these spices can have
a (12) effect if you use too much. It is also (13) to find out what form they
 should be in. For example, cutting a raw chilli pepper and rubbing it into an open (14)
could be (15) as well as harmful.

1. A. quite B. often C. very D. seldom

2. A. is B. would C. can D. could
3. A. however B. fortunately C. nevertheless D. so
4. A. during B. in C. since D. for
5. A. with B. by C. for D. from
6. A. much B. highly C. well D. very
7. A. painkiller B. stopper C. reducer D. destroy
8. A. while B. whether C. as D. when
9. A. first B. main C. usual D. important
10. A. cure B. fix C. solve D. mend
11. A. think B. consider C. know D. learn
12. A. positive B. unknown C. minimal D. negative
13. A. needed B. important C. advised D. significant
14. A. injury B. hurt C. wound D. sprain
15. A. hurful B. painful C. helpful D. awful

225 PET PASSPORTS

Going abroad has never been easier. Today, thanks to the UKs Pet Travel Scheme
(PETS), you can safely and easily take your pet with you when you travel to many
European countries and to a number of long haul destinations (1) Australia and
New Zealand. First of all, your pet needs to have a microchip (2) . This means that a
small microchip, about the (3) of a grain of rice, is inserted (4) the loose skin (5)
the back of the neck. The microchip has special code on it which is (6) to
each animal and is used for identification (7) . Information about the animal such as
name, age, breed and vaccination details, along (8) details about the owner, are (9)
on a central computer. The next step is to have your pet vaccinated (10)
rabies. Then after a follow-up blood (11) a PETS Certificate or passport will be
issued and your pet can set off with you. Of course, this new convenience doesnt come
cheap, with the (12) cost of the procedure amounting to 200.
 (13) , when compared to the old way, a quarantine (14) of six months
a cost of 2,000, it is certainly a (15) in the right direction.
1. A. counting B. together C. plus D. including
2. A. installed B. fitted C. built-in D. fixed
3. A. amount B. largeness C. range D. size
4. A. to B. into C. beside D. by
5. A. in B. by C. at D. on
6. A. individual B. unique C. only D. same
7. A. reasons B. intentions C. purposes D. functions
8. A. with B. to C. by D. for
9. A. reserved B. deposited C. stored D. collected
10. A. against B. to C. for D. through
11. A. examination B. test C. research D. investigation
12. A. total B. sum C. added D. complete
13. A. Whereas B. Despite C. However D. Even though
14. A. time B. period C. stage D. stretch
15. A. pace B. stride C. step D. walk

226 ROBOSHOP
What do live frogs, underwear, poached eggs and cappuccino all have in common?
The answer is they are all items taken (1) a very long list of objects that can be
bought from vending machines. Most of us are familiar (2) more traditional machines
that sell soft drinks, chocolate bars or stamps, but believe it or not, there arent too many
items you cant (3) in vending machines.
Vending machines used to be a lot of more popular (4) Sunday shopping, 24
hr convenience stores and fast food restaurants entered our (5) . There were even
machines in the 1950s that sold bread, eggs and other staple food items. (6) , in Japan,
vending machines are still as popular (7) ever. They even have fully automated
convenience stores where customers come in, write (8) the code numbers of the
products they want and punch them (9) a computer at the front of the store. A robotic
bucket then collects all the items you want and puts them into bags for you!
 In Europe and the US, cooked food vending machines (10) to be quite
common, the fry on the spot chip machine, micro hamburgers and pizza dispensers were
particularly (11) with university students and in amusement arcades.
Today, we still find vending machines in bus and train (12) and in hotel and
hospital lobbies, but unfortunately, usually due (13) technical difficulties, anything
more complicated (14) _ a soft drink in a can or a packet of biscuits is usually a bit (15)
a disappointment.

1. A. up B. through C. from D. out

2. A. to B. in C. as D. with
3. A. find B. search C. view D. ask
4. A. when B. after C. before D. while
5. A. homes B. lives C. kitchens D. lifestyles
6. A. Despite B. Whereas C. Even D. However
7. A. than B. as C. for D. how
8. A. over B. up C. in D. down
9. A. into B. with C. through D. by
10. A. would B. used C. use D. were
11. A. favourite B. approved C. liked D. popular
12. A. stations B. stops C. places D. routes
13. A. of B. by C. to D. for
14. A. as B. than C. like D. except
15. A. for B. more C. of D. like

227 GOING BANANAS OVER BANANAS

Bananas have become Britains most popular fruit. It is hardly surprising since this
bright yellow tropical fruit has so much to (1) . It tastes sweet and delicious, it is (2)
with vitamins and minerals and is very (3) to digest. Bananas also contain a
mixture of three different sugars combined (4) fibre, which gives your system an
instant burst (5) energy. They are enjoyed by many world class athletes, who use
them to (6) their energy levels up during competitions. (7) fact, they are often
taken onto Centre Court for a mid-game snack by leading (8) famous footballers.
Even golfers carry them around to eat during their game. Bananas (9) make a great
breakfast or snack for students as they are (10) in potassium, vital for improving
concentration. Whats more, its not only humans who (11) enjoy the benefits.
Horse trainers use bananas to boost the (12) of their four-legged athletes. As you
can see, bananas (13) for everyone. We can all increase our daily vitality with the
help of this unique fruit. Simply slicing a banana on (14) of our breakfast cereal,
eating one with our lunch or just snacking on one (15) the day can help us keep our energy
levels high.
1. A. give B. take C. offer D. bring
2. A. stop B. complete C. full D. packed
3. A. simple B. easy C. comfortable D. gentle
4. A. to B. of C. by D. with
5. A. with B. in C. of D. out
6. A. keep B. take C. catch D. match
7. A. To B. In C. For D. On
8. A. by B. with C. for D. as
9. A. however B. also C. besides D. though
10. A. wealthy B. full C. rich D. healthy
11. A. might B. would C. must D. can
12. A. performance B. competition C. effect D. challenge
13. A. do B. are C. help D. make
14. A. through B. over C. cover D. top
15. A. during B. after C. while D. before

228 SKYDIVING
For some people flying is a terrifying experience. Surely, even those of us who quite
enjoy this form (1) travel could never be convinced to jump out of an aeroplane
10,000 feet above the ground. However, this is that thousands of skydivers choose to do
every day, and whats more, some of them claim that everyone should (2) _ it a try.
So do you (3) rushing towards the ground at over one hundred and fifty kms
an hour while relying on a square piece of clothe to (4) you back down to Earth
safely?
 If (5) , you have two options for your first jump. The first is to make a
tandem jump, where you will be strapped (6) an instructor and the two of you will
take the jump together. However, the second option is usually (7) if you are serious
 about taking (8) the sport. Here you will go to ground school, (9) you will
learn how to safely get in and out of the plane, how to pack a parachute and how to steer it.
Then your first jump will usually be a static line jump. You jump (10) your own but
your parachute opens automatically after a couple of seconds. Those might seem like the
longest and scariest seconds of your life, (11) the enthusiasts say it is all worth it for
the incredible feeling you get when you see that parachute open up above you, and the even
(12) amazing feeling of achievement that you get when you arrive safely back (13)
solid ground. Its true that for most people one jump is never enough and before
(14) you wont think there is anything strange about spending all your spare money
and free weekends paying to (15) the chance to jump just one more time.
1. A. of B. for C. to D. by
2. A. make B. go C. have D. give
3. A. fancy B. expect C. want D. think
4. A. put B. bring C. turn D. give
5. A. only B. bot C. so D. this
6. A. up B. by C. with D. to
7. A. advised B. wanted C. recommended D. expected
8. A. along B. down C. off D. up
9. A. while B. after C. where D. before
10. A. by B. on C. for D. to
11. A. but B. furthermore C. besides D. despite
12. A. bigger B. better C. though D. more
13. A. at B. to C. on D. in
14. A. long B. many C. much D. far
15. A. do B. have C. make D. give

229 TORNADO ALERT

If you ever notice that the skies are dark and greenish and rain is blowing sideways
past your front window, then you (1) better be careful. It could mean that a tornado
is heading your (2) . The first sign that tornado is coming is the formation (3)
 a thunderstorm. In the beginning theres an eerie stillness as the pressure is sucked
away. The air is still and calm and no bird or insect sounds (4) be heard.
Cumulonimbus clouds build in towers, (5) as supercells, an the normal afternoon
thunder showers begin to take (6) an incredible energy. If you watch the horizon
youll see revolving column of clouds, called a funnel, heading (7) _ the earth. When
it connects (8) the ground, the heat feeds the centre (9) the funnel and a
tornado is born. The safest place (10) you to be is underground or in an open ditch.
Tornadoes everything (11) their path and have the power to (12) up
people, trees, bridges, cars and even houses. The scariest thing about tornadoes is that you
have minutes, not hours to react. We now have warning times of up (13) twenty
minutes (14) to better radar detectors. With older methods of reporting tornadoes,
we were lucky to have two minutes to (15) cover.
1. A. need B. would C. did D. had
2. A. direction B. route C. way D. path
3. A. of B. by C. with D. for
4. A. must B. can C. could D. might
5. A. known B. named C. called D. reported
6. A. up B. on C. in D. off
7. A. away B. up C. across D. towards
8. A. by B. for C. with D. across
9. A. of B. to C. in D. up
10. A. of B. for C. at D. to
11. A. up B. through C. in D. across
12. A. make B. turn C. take D. pick
13. A. against B. for C. to D. at
14. A. because B. as C. since D. due
15. A. make B. take C. hide D. draw

230 CAPTAIN JAMES COOK

James Cook, the famous captain, explorer and navigator, was born in Marton, a
Yorkshire village, on October 27, 1728. His father was a poor farm labourer who worked (1)
to feed and clothe his seven children. Young James (2) school until he was
twelve and it was there that he developed his (3) of mathematics. (4) , the
time soon came for the boy to (5) his living. He left school and followed (6)
his fathers footsteps until he found (7) _ on a coal ship at the age of 18.
 Cook was ambitious and loved the sea and so in 1755 he joined the navy as a sailor.
Soon he (8) promoted to Masters Mate because of his extraordinary ability as a
seaman. Four years later, in command of his own ship he (9) sail for North America.
Cooks genius in maths helped him to chart the channel of the St Lawrence River with (10)
accuracy that his maps were (11) _ being used up until the twentieth century.
During his many (12) , Cook discovered the east coast of Australia and
explored the coasts of Canada, North America and New Zealand. Moreover, Cook and his
(13) were the first men to sail (14) the Antarctic. To add to his list of
amazing accomplishments, Cook also established a regimen for healthy eating and
living for his sailors that set an example for future seamen. James Cooks life was cut
short in 1779, in Hawaii, (15) he was fatally wounded during
1. quarrel.
A. hardHe was fifty-oneB.years
hardly
old. C. heavily D. strong
2. A. followed B. went C. attended D. took
3. A. frienship B. love C. warmth D. adoration
4. A. Futhermore B. Moreover C. Still D. However
5. A. win B. gain C. earn D. go after
6. A. on B. in C. after D. at
7. A. job B. occupation C. work D. profession
8. A. was B. had been C. is D. was being
9. A. put B. set C. left D. made
10. A. so B. much C. great D. such
11. A. still B. yet C. although D. even
12. A. rides B. voyages C. cruises D. drives
13. A. gang B. staff C. team D. crew
14. A. around B. beyond C. underneath D. over
15. A. until B. while C. when D. as soon as

231 EARLY TO BED, EARLY TO RISE

 In Great Britain and other developed countries, including the United States, many
early deaths are related to lifestyles. A (1) of these deaths could be (2)
if people could be persuaded to exercise (3) and eat healthy, nutritious food.
There are also other factors which when (4) , have an impact on our health. In (5)
to maintain optimal health, there must be a balance of physical and mental health.
 Emotional, social, intellectual and spiritual health are at least as (6) as physical
well being and fitness.
More than half the population of Britain and the United States is (7) . The
popularity of pizza and other fast foods has allowed these products to become a major (8)
of the food industry. In Britain more than 600 million pounds a year is (9)
on pizzas from supermarkets. At the same time, spending on meat, dairy products
and eggs has declined although more fruit and vegetables are being (10) . The (11)
nowadays seems to be snacking and eating in front of the television; now a
dominant part of our lifestyle.
Despite all this inactivity however, there has been a surge of (12) _in
keeping fit, and fitness and health has become a multi-billion pound industry. People are
concerned about the (13) they eat and are particularly concerned about the (14)
of pesticides. Public awareness of health issues is high but even so, the number
of overweight people in developed countries continues to rise. This is because our
environment and lifestyle make us less active. The old adage that early to bed and early to
rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy and wiseis as (15) today as it was in the
past.
1. A. lot B. many C. much D. bunch
2. A. barred B. prevented C. banned D. stopped
3. A. extra B. further C. added D. more
4. A. combined B. shared C. pooled D. joint
5. A. tell B. instruct C. order D. command
6. A. important B. key C. main D. central
7. A. plump B. heavy C. overweight D. flabby
8. A. branch B. part C. fraction D. piece
9. A. used up B. tired C. worn-out D. spent
10. A. scoffed B. munched C. eaten D. devoured
11. A. trait B. drift C. fashion D. trend
12. A. attention B. concern C. interest D. curiosity
13. A. grub B. fare C. rations D. food
14. A. employ B. use C. exploit D. apply
15. A. true B. real C. proper D. exact
232 THE CATALYTIC CONVERTER
The quality of the air we (1) is important because it affects our health and
the length of our lives. Air pollution is a big (2) _ in many of our cities and a (3)
of this is caused by motor vehicles. There are six main pollutants in the (4)
and four of these are (5) in large quantities by motor engines. The
gases that are (6) into the air are affected by sunlight and turned into ozone at
ground level. Unlike the ozone that is high in the sunlight and turned into ozone at ground
level. Unlike the ozone that is high in the atmosphere and protects us from radiation, the
ozone on the ground is a health (7) .
Many countries have (8) the level of lead pollution by banning the use of
the metal in (9) . In other countries, its (10) is very strictly controlled.
We have to (11) or get rid of the three other harmful gases produced by the 630
million vehicles worldwide a(n) (12) that is likely to double in the next twenty
to thirty years.
Concern about the environment has led to the invention of a(n) (13)
known as the three catalytic converter, so-called because of the three poisonous gages
it
(14) to reduce. More efficient engines reduce the formation of these gages and the converter
reduces them still further. Harmful gages in engine exhausts are burned up by passing
them over a metal catalyst which (15) up the reaction. The catalyst is
rather expensive, but what price do we put on good health?
1. A. inhale
14. A. assists B. breathe
B. facilitates C. breath
C. aids D.
D. respire
helps
2.
15. A.
A. problem
speeds B.
B. trouble
rates C. difficutly
C. paces D.
D. crisis
accelerates
3. A. much B. many C. lot D. bunch
4. A. environment B. surroundings C. mood D. atmosphere
233 FOOD, GLORIOUS FOOD
5. A. shaped B. fashioned C. produced D. made
Much of the pre-prepared food we eat today contains additives of one (1)
6. A. unconfined B. delivered C. liberated D. released
or another. (2)
7. A. peril B. risk C. exposure D. danger
_ of these additives are harmless, some are not so harmless and
8. A. hacked B. chopped C. cut D. sliced
some are even (3) . In Europe, permitted additives are given a number which is
9. A. petrol B. coal C. grease D. energy
prefixed by an E. additives are used by food processing manufacturers to improve taste,
10. A. exploit B. employ C. apply D. use
thicken or preserve the food. (4) are also used to make the food look more
11. A. reduce B. shrink C. condense D. ease
inviting. Even (5) food from the greengrocer may contain residues of
12. A. form B. shape C. figure D. amount
pesticides and other chemicals.
13. A. appliance B. device C. tool D. apparatus
 It is often argued that adding chemicals to food somehow makes our diet less
wholesome than it was in the past, before the effect of such additives was discovered. Is
this really (6) ? in 1872 a pioneer in investigating adulterated food, Dr Hassl, (7)
that a variety of (8) chemicals and contaminates were to be found in
(9) foodstuffs. He found, among other things, alum and chalk added to bread,
and copper and lead added to other foods, to give colour. Even poisons such as strychnine
were used. Foods consumed by the well-off, such as ice cream, were (10) as bad and
were often contaminated with foreign material.
E numbered chemicals (11) as food additives have to listed on the
lables of processed food, so at (12) the consumer has a choice and the poor,
especially, suffered. Many of the poisons (14) up in their bodies, causing
chronic gastric irritation, food poisoning or death. In 1862, it was estimated that one fifth of
all meat in England and Wales came from animals that had died of disease. E numbered
chemicals have received (15) of publicity, most of it bad. The fact is, though, without them
the freshness, colour and flavor of our food would suffer.
1.
8. A.
A. class
toxic B.
B. division
deathly C.
C. thing
poisoned D.
D. sort
venomous
2.
9. A.
A. Few
frequent B.
B. Some
general C.
C. Various
usual D.
D. Little
common
3.
10. A.
A. dangerous
only B.
B. threatening
about C.
C. unsafe
just D.
D. riskly
quite
4.
11. A.
A. Tints
used B.
B. Colourings
made C.
C. Shades
put D.
D. Paints
applied
5.
12. A.
A. fresh
first B. new
B. once C. natural
C. most D. least
D. pure
6.
13. A.
A. truthful
have B. true
B. obtian C. exact
C. buy D. take
D. proper
7.
14. A.
A. explored
made B. invented
B. built C. discovered
C. set D. put
D. tested

15. A. more B. much C. a lot D. a few

234 ENFORCING CENSORSHIP

All governments have secrets that they would rather not reveal. Obviously, this is vital
if a state of emergency exists. Information that would be useful to a(n) (1) has to
be kept out of the media. It is also the duty of governments to (2) _ the citizens of
their countries. Children need to be (3) _ from obscene or violent material in films
and on TV. There are some people who would (4) , however, that no grown-up
has the (5) to tell another grown-up what he or she can or watch.
(6) countries do not allow violent or offensive material to be shown on TV
until (7) at night. There is a special sign at the (8) of films, which
indicates whether they are suitable or not for (9) children. Other films or dramas
 start with a warning that they may be suitable for older children (10) . This gives
parents a choice of whether to allow their children to watch them or not. Films (11)
in cinemas may contain violent or offensive scenes, in which cause children
under a certain (12) are not allowed in.
Great Britain protects its state secrets by means of an Act of Parliament the Official
Secrets Act. A non-government body known as The British Board of Film Classification
(BBFC) closely controls all films shown in cinemas, on TV, or videos for home use. This was
(13) up in 1912 by the film industry itself. The films and videos are examined and
rated by the board as to what age (14) _ they are suitable. In some (15)
they may decide to ban a film or video altogether, especially if it contains scenes that may be
offensive to others.
1.
4. A.
A. enemy
disagree B.
B. rival
bicker C.
C. opponent
dispute D.
D. foe
argue
2.
5. A.
A. preserve
correct B.
B. secure
true C.
C. defend
rihgt D.
D. support
exact
3.
6. A.
A. hidden
Most B.
B. sheltered
Generally C.
C. secluded
Largely D.
D. confined
Mainly
7. A. behind B. late C. past D. after
8. A. beginning B. foundation C. creation D. launch
9. A. childish B. juvenile C. young D. new
10. A. merely B. simply C. just D. only
11. A. exposed B. shown C. revealed D. displayed
12. A. era B. time C. period D. age
13. A. firm B. put C. set D. place
14. A. bunch B. collection C. cluster D. group
15. A. cases B. definitions C. examples D. incidents

235 DESERT HOT SPRINGS

Desert Hot Springs is a city near Palm Springs in California. It is situated on a part of
the famous San Andreas Fault line and is the (1) _ of the natural hot springs which
(2) the city its name and its water. The water is famous for its therapeutic (3)
and some people have gone so (4) as to call it The Miracle Waters.
There are over forty health spas in the city which offer a variety of health and beauty
therapies. The water originates (5) the ice caps of the surrounding mountains. It
travels slowly down the mountain (6) miles of sand and rock and along the way it
becomes (7) _ with minerals. The water that passes over the fault line is heated and
is (8) to treat many ailments including arthritis and to (9) aching
 muscles. It is also believed to be very (10) for the skin. The water that passes
through the Mission Creek Sub-basin, south of the fault, is cold and is used as the citys
drinking water. This water has (11) many awards for its great taste and is (12)
to be the best untreated drinking water in the country. Desert Hot Springs is (13)
because it has both naturally hot and cold waters. (14) of this, the city
has created an educational facility called Hot Springs Park that offers people the chance to see
(15) hand how the city receives its water.
1.
4. A.
A. start
far B.
B. foundation
much C.
C. basis
long D.
D. source
that
2.
5. A.
A. supply
of B.
B. bring
from C.
C. give
to D.
D. provide
for
3.
6. A.
A. profits
under B. properties
B. between C. pros
C. along D.
D. benefits
through
7. A. filled B. thick C. enriched D. full
8. A. operated B. applied C. used D. helped
9. A. reduce B. ease C. relax D. comfort
10. A. positive B. well C. perfect D. good
11. A. won B. earned C. gained D. given
12. A. understood B. told C. said D. stated
13. A. unique B. only C. solo D. alone
14. A. Due B. Despite C. Since D. Because
15. A. own B. first C. one D. lead

236 SOMETHING DIFFERENT?

Looking for an unforgettable way to celebrate that special occasion? Well, the (1)
of options open to todays youngster or even oldster for that matter, is a far
cry from the traditional party or restaurant visit. No longer is it (2) sufficient to
invite your friends round, buy some restaurant visit. No longer is it (2) sufficient
to invite your friends round, buy some food and (3) a baker to produce a cake.
No, todays birthday boy or girl is looking for something out of the ordinary, ranging from
the (4) expensive to the downright dangerous. Anything (5) , as long
as it is unusual impressive.
Top of this years popular (6) are as follows: taking some friends rally
driving, helicopter lessons, plane trip and parachuting and hot air ballooning. Then, there is
(7) group bungee jumping or taking your buddies on a stomach churning, white
water rafting (8) down rapids.
 The desire for adventurous celebration is not restricted to the (9) _. I
recently met an octogenarian who celebrated (10) the milestone of eighty by
having a flying lesson.
Of course, if you have the money the world is your oyster. A well-heeled relation of
mine flew fifty of his friends to a Caribbean island to (11) the passing of his half
century. Unfortunately I was only a (12) relation.
 Undoubtedly, the more traditional forms of celebration do continue to (13)
the less extravagant or less adventurous among us. However, with my own half century (14)
on the horizon I would not say no to a weekend in Paris and a meal at the Eiffel
Tower. I can (15) dream. Perhaps by them time Im eighty Ill be able to afford it.
1. A. scale B. degree C. variance D. range
2. A. hoped B. considered C. marked D. decided
3. A. make B. want C. let D. get
4. A. perfectly B. dearly C. outrageously D. explicitly
5. A. comes B. goes C. wins D. takes
6. A. extravangances B. experiments C. exposures D. expenses
7. A. ever B. instead C. more D. always
8. A. ride B. voyage C. travel D. crossing
9. A. adolescents B. teenagers C. young D. youth
10. A. attaining B. reaching C. getting D. arriving
11. A. signal B. spot C. mark D. register
12. A. distant B. remote C. faraway D. slight
13. A. distract B. satisfy C. absorb D. pacify
14. A. appearing B. showing C. darkening D. looming
15. A. but B. anyway C. nevertheless D. however

237 PEER PRESSURE

One of the strongest influences on children today is that of their peers. What their
classmates think, how they dress and how they act in class and out of it (1) the
behaviour of nearly every child at to school. In their (2) no to be different, some
children go so (3) as to hide their intelligence and ability in case they are made (4)
of. Generally, children do not want to stand out from the (5) . They want
to (6) in, to be accepted. In psychological (7) the importance of peer
pressure cannot be overemphasized. There is a lot of evidence that it has great (8)
on all aspects of childrens lives, from the clothes they wear, the music they listen to and their
(9) to study to their ambitions in life, their relationships and their (10) of
self-worth. However, as children grow up into adolescents, individuality becomes more
acceptable. (11) _ even, and in their (12) for their own personal style, the
teenager and young adult will begin to experiment and be more willing to (13) the
risk of rejection by the group. Concern about intellectual prowess and (14) good
exam results can dominate as the atmosphere of competition develops and worries about the
future (15) any fears of appearing too brainy.
1. A. vary B. rusult C. impress D. affect
2. A. efforts B. steps C. measures D. actions
3. A. long B. distant C. much D. far
4. A. joke B. fun C. laugh D. ridicule
5. A. party B. band C. circle D. crowd
6. A. set B. fit C. get D. fall
7. A. points B. words C. terms D. means
8. A. bearing B. running C. meaning D. standing
9. A. opinion B. view C. attitude D. consideration
10. A. sense B. reaction C. impression D. awareness
11. A. bearable B. desirable C. tolerable D. likeable
12. A. search B. chase C. course D. hunt
13. A. carry B. bring C. run D. cope
14. A. succeeding B. achieving C. earning D. winning
15. A. overthrow B. overflow C. override D. overbalance

238 SOCIETY FOR THE PREVENTION OF CRUELTY

TO ANIMALS
Mission statement
We believed that animals have value beyond economic measurement, and are (1)
to legal, moral and ethical consideration and protection. Our mission is to act as an
advocate on (2) _ of animals and as a (3) of their rights; to provide for the
well-being of the animals that abandoned, injured, (4) to unfair or cruel treatment,
or otherwise in (5) ; to cultivate in the people of our community consideration for
the animals whose world we share; and to (6) respect for all living (7) .
How YOU can help
Many of our programmes and services are (8) by our volunteers. If you
love animals and enjoy working with them, WE NEED YOU!
Funds
 Volunteers work with the Fund Development Department on programmes and special
events to (9) money to support our (10) for animals.
Mobile Adoption
Through our Mobile Adoption Programme, volunteers help take animals to public
sites throughout the community, (11) for the animals on site and help screen
potential adopters to (12) that our pets are placed in caring and loving homes.
Pets For People
Volunteers assist (13) citizens with choosing and adopting new companion
pets.
Special Assignments
There are often (14) term assignments that volunteers can help us with,
such as research (15) clerical assistance, graphic design work, etc.

1. A. permitted B. allowed C. entitled D. deserved

2. A. side B. aid C. part D. behalf
3. A. defender B. fighter C. keeper D. rescuer
4. A. placed B. suffered C. subjected D. endured
5. A. essence B. need C. necessity D. want
6. A. infuse B. introduce C. campaign D. promote
7. A. objects B. things C. souls D. bodies
8. A. done B. given C. made D. run
9. A. raise B. build up C. collect D. gather
10. A. tries B. efforts C. attempts D. challenges
11. A. look B. treat C. guard D. care
12. A. ensure B. insure C. assure D. indicate
13. A. old B. pensioner C. senior D. major
14. A. instant B. short C. limited D. immediate
15. A. jobs B. tasks C. projects D. duties

239 GIVEN THE THUMBS DOWN

When your manager tells you they are pleased with your work; the least you expect is
a (n) (1) reference when you leave. That, at any (2) , is what Wayne is a(n)
(3) , when he opened a letter that said Sorry, we cant (4) you become of
your job reference.
 It was very upsetting, he says. I was shocked at how cruel people can be. My
reference should have been (5) . Mr Taft, who is unemployed, is still (6)
the consequences of his (7) employer, another home care provider, (8) to
supply a positive, or even neutral reference. I was looking (9) to a new job and now
Im on the (10) .
After he received the (11) letter he resigned himself to pursuing jobs using
another past employer as a reference. He was never told why the reference was bad, and in
the two months since it happened has felt (12) . But this week he discovered that
under the Data Protection Act, he has the right to request (13) to the reference from
the organization who received it.
Mr Tafl says he intends to (14) the employer that turned him down and
demand to see the reference. Im so angry, I need to find out what happened and (15)
it right,he adds.
1. A. beneficial B. straight C. decent D. moral
2. A. pace B. way C. step D. rate
3. A. namely B. then C. really D. although
4. A. review B. regard C. judge D. consider
5. A. shining B. gleaming C. glowing D. glistening
6. A. suffering B. taking C. getting D. having
7. A. present B. former C. would be D. so called
8. A. refusing B. avoidig C. protesting D. disliking
9. A. away B. forward C. aside D. front
10. A. leisure B. queue C. dole D. home
11. A. dismissal B. refusal C. denial D. rejection
12. A. powerless B. accidental C. unfavourable D. unrelated
13. A. admittance B. access C. entry D. permission
14. A. struggle B. disagree C. dare D. confront
15. A. put B. get C. place D. fix

240 MODELS-TO-BE
In a competition for prospective models, four thousand girls between the ages of 16
and 24 were auditioned by a (1) of three judges from (2) model agency
Premier Model Management. Twenty-two were asked to return for a more (3) vetting
process. This involved catwalk training, being (4) without make-up and a personal
interview. A further workshop week followed, involving make-overs, hair-styling and more
catwalk training, after which the girls were (5) whittled down to five.
The finalists will now (6) three months of intensive training. Cameras will (7)
them around constantly, capturing the daily (8) of castings, shoots and
lessons from industry professionals. Also in (9) for them are exhausting workouts all
the gym, plus appointments with hairdressers, nutritionists, beauticians and specialist skin
clinics.
Despite its (10) image, the modeling world is (11) and the finalists
will certainly he (12) through their paces. But though their lives may be all (13)
tit and carrot juice, the prize at the end is glittering a years modeling (14)
with Premier Model Management, an overseas photo shoot for the (15) of
Cosmopolitan magazine, and the chance to model on the catwalk at London Fashion Week.
1. A. panel B. council C. meeting D. range
2. A. peak B. great C. high D. top
3. A. rigorous B. exact C. solid D. stable
4. A. charged B. assessed C. investigated D. noted
5. A. shortly B. lastly C. finally D. completely
6. A. overcome B. outlast C. uphold D. undergo
7. A. pursue B. follow C. hunt D. take
8. A. labour B. attempt C. duty D. grind
9. A. stock B. view C. store D. supply
10. A. shining B. glamorous C. goreous D. picturesque
11. A. tough B. stiff C. firm D. sticky
12. A. thrown B. shown C. pushed D. put
13. A. maintain B. hold C. keep D. catch
14. A. contract B. promotion C. treaty D. settement
15. A. lid B. cover C. jacket D. sleeve

241 VALUABLE LESSONS

When adults praise a child for trying, despite unacceptable work, they teach that (1)
 is more important than results. I once took (2) _ a class in the middle of a term
from a teacher who was a (3) marker. After I had returned a batch of marked papers,
 one by complained (4) receiving a C. Im (5) to getting As he said. When
I explained that his essay was badly (6) , he asked: What about the pictures? Our
teacher gave extra (7) for effort.
Real life seldom (8) those who try but dont get results. And its a rare boss
who tolerates an employee who insists that he (9) his best. Unmerited praise may
keep children from (10) their own true capabilities. Years ago, my best friend was a
naturally (11) musician. Her family say every effort as brilliant but she hated
practicing and often did badly at recitals. After one particularly embarrassing performance,
her mother said, you were wonderful, but that piano needs tuning and the audience was so
noisy, its no (12) _ you forgot the second movement.Had this girl (13)
criticism, she might have realized her dreams of a concert career. As it was, her playing got
gradually worse, she lost (14) and eventually (15) out of music school.
1. A. try B. effort C. trial D. attempt
2. A. up B. out C. over D. down
3. A. light B. generous C. giving D. tender
4. A. by B. for C. with D. about
5. A. used B. familiar C. adapted D. keen
6. A. expressed B. organised C. made D. fixed
7. A. marks B. grades C. notes D. scores
8. A. awards B. merits C. rewards D. grants
9. A. made B. went C. put D. did
10. A. gaining B. succeeding C. realising D. meeting
11. A. worthy B. gifted C. capable D. deserved
12. A. doubt B. shame C. joke D. wonder
13. A. explained B. offered C. received D. given
14. A. interest B. energy C. motive D. attention
15. A. fell B. went C. passed D. dropped

242 FRIDGE RAINDERS

People who frequently wake up in the middle of the night and are unable to (1)
 a trip to the fridge may in fact be suffering from a (2) medical complaint, say
scientists. They have (3) biochemical differences in people who cannot (4)
the urge to eat during the hours (5) most of us are asleep. Night Eating Syndrome, as
 it is called, is not a new phenomenon. In the 1950s, doctors found that (6) _ one and
two people percent of people of people admitted to regularly raiding their fridges at night. The
new findings (7) existing evidence that syndrome is a (8) eating disorder.
Symptoms include (8) no appetite for breakfast and eating more than (10) of
the days total food intake after 7pm. Sufferers are prone to stress and have a (11) to
crave foods which are the (14) nourishing. As a result, many of them are overweight.
According to doctors, there is a difference in the way that the bodies of people with Night
Eating Syndrome (15) to certain hormones connected with controlling stress.
1. A. avoid B. resist C. stop D. delay
2. A. legal B. TRUE C. genuine D. sincere
3. A. invented B. discovered C. produced D. explored
4. A. command B. guide C. control D. rule
5. A. when B. which C. while D. where
6. A. about B. roughly C. around D. between
7. A. help B. support C. aid D. assist
8. A. serious B. sensible C. strong D. strict
9. A. keeping B. holding C. having D. owning
10. A. some B. most C. part D. half
11. A. tendency B. trend C. fashion D. habit
12. A. plenty B. much C. much D. high
13. A. even B. yet C. yet D. since
14. A. few B. least C. least D. little
15. A. defend B. reply C. reply D. return

243 THE MONTOSSORI METHOD

From the moment we are born, we start learning about the world (1) _ us. We
learn a great deal of things over a very (2) _ period of time, and this forms the
foundation (3) all our future learning. (4) to the age of six, we are extremely
sensitive and we develop the important skills that will prepare us for (5) life.
Therefore, it is very important to have a good preschool programme (6) helps us to
develop hand-eye co-ordination and problem-solving abilities, as well as exposing us to a
(7)
variety of stimuli and materials.
Maria Montessori developed (8) a programme, which helps children to (9)
their intelligence and independence. The Montessori Method, as it is (10) ,
combines practical activities, which stimulate the senses of touch and smell, with
mathematical and language development activities. The children are completely (11)
to choose which activity to (12) in and when, thus encouraging self-confidence and
independence. This (13) to teaching is very popular with (14) parents of
young children, as it involves learning which uses all the senses (15) _ those important
early years.
1. A. around B. among C. against D. along
2. A. little B. small C. short D. tiny
3. A. on B. to C. with D. of
4. A. Above B. Up C. Near D. Over
5. A. after B. next C. older D. later
6. A. what B. when C. which D. who
7. A. wide B. far C. rich D. broad
8. A. so B. such C. quite D. many
9. A. expand B. increase C. develop D. improve
10. A. known B. called C. tittle D. branded
11. A. open B. allowed C. able D. free
12. A. participate B. do C. play D. take
13. A. way B. approach C. system D. method
14. A. many B. lots C. much D. plenty
15. A. for B. while C. at D. during

244 COLOUR AND COMMUNICATION

Colour, although only a small part of our communication system, plays a large role.
Whether you are designing Web (1) , buying clothes or decorating our kitchen, your
(2) of coluors sends a definite message to other people, and they will respond to it in
a (3) way.
Every colour has a different (4) on people, and the practice of correct colour
selection is delicate (5) . To further complicate matters, the effects of colours change,
as times and fashions change. Certain colours also mean different things in different cultures.
For example, in the United State, blue is thought to be a relaxing colour. Test reveal that
colour blue (6) blood pressure, calms viewers and gives them a sense of (7) .
 In Middle Eastern countries, however, blue is believed to be a protective colour and people
(8) their front doors blue to ward off (9) _ spirits.
Colour communication is an essential part of how we see the world. In western
societies, we know that a jester is comical and playful because he (10) in bright red,
green, blue and yellow. The colour back, however, is (11) with boredom or evil, and
white with purity and light. The colour orange is friendly, relaxing and peaceful, whereas
(12) yellow is a happy colour. Research (13) that all human beings make a
subconscious judgement about a person or item within the first 90 seconds of (14) it,
and 62% to 90% of that assessment is (15) on colour alone.
1. A. pages B. papers C. covers D. sheets
2. A. decision B. option C. choice D. pick
3. A. separate B. certain C. clear D. obvious
4. A. idea B. sense C. effect D. force
5. A. art B. talent C. method D. ability
6. A. lessens B. drops C. sinks D. lowers
7. A. caution B. security C. guarantee D. defence
8. A. paint B. decorate C. coat D. shade
9. A. mean B. wicked C. cruel D. evil
10. A. outfits B. clothes C. dresses D. wears
11. A. matched B. associated C. joined D. grouped
12. A. strong B. powerful C. bright D. loud
13. A. exhibits B. displays C. uncovers D. shows
14. A. viewing B. seeing C. watching D. looking
15. A. based B. constructed C. establoished D. balanced

245 CHOOSING A SUITABLE CAREER

Which career is right for you? This is question facing many young people today. The
career you choose will (1) various areas of your life so its advisable to give it a good
(2) of thought beforehand. It can determine your level of education and training, your rates
(3) pay, your promotional prospects, your house of work and your working
conditions. These, in (4) , will alter you future lifestyle: where you will live, your
social (5) , even which sports and leisure activities you are more likely to (6)
up. So, as you can (7) , it is quite a complicated business. Furthermore, think (8)
 what you would like an occupation to offer you and list them in (9) of
importance. Unfortunately, you may have to sacrifice one to gain another. For instance, you
may want a (10) income, yet also want the independence of working yourself. You
will have to (11) a decision about what is most important to you. To help you decide,
write down what it is about each item that is important to you. Do try to keep in (12)
however, that as you (13) older your values are likely to change, so you should keep your
options (14) . And again as you discover more about yourself and about jobs,
you may change your ideas, so be (15) to revise your list from time to time.
1. A. affect B. impress C. regard D. interest
2. A. extent B. portion C. deal D. share
3. A. in B. of C. with D. for
4. A. course B. way C. line D. turn
5. A. life B. security C. service D. work
6. A. bring B. set C. get D. take
7. A. picture B. see C. believe D. think
8. A. out B. ahead C. about D. for
9. A. place B. order C. series D. position
10. A. typical B. routine C. frequent D. regular
11. A. set B. do C. make D. fix
12. A. mind B. thought C. memory D. consideration
13. A. turn B. come C. get D. reach
14. A. high B. open C. free D. wide
15. A. organised B. arranged C. planned D. prepared

246 WALT DISNEY

There is no one who has not heard of Walt Disney; hi is without doubt one of ht most
famous figures in the twentieth century and (1) most people know hardly anything
about him. (2) he became one of the most successful men in history, he (3)
school at the age of sixteen and the studied art for a short time. By the (4) years of
this century, he had (5) started to produce cartoons in Hollywood in (6) with
his brother Roy, who, for some reason, never (7) _ to become as famous as Walt.
Disney is perhaps most well known on (8) _ of his lovable cartoon character, Mickey
Mouse, who first (9) in 1928 in a film called Steamboat Willie. One of the most, (10)
 cartoon films of all time is Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, which, when it was
(11) in 1937, was the first full-length cartoon in the history of the cinema.
(12) the 1950s, Walt Disney had become one of the worlds major (13)
of films for cinema and television. As Disney Productions (14) , its founder
retained complete artistic control of the films and he also (15) on to publish books for
children and cartoon strips in newspapers, featuring such characters as Donald Duck and
Pluto the dog.
1. A. then B. yet C. already D. however
2. A. Although B. In spite of C. Despite D. Even
3. A. graduated B. completed C. failled D. left
4. A. primary B. beginning C. early D. initial
5. A. still B. soon C. yet D. already
6. A. relationship B. frienship C. partnership D. membership
7. A. achieved B. managed C. succeeded D. reached
8. A. case B. view C. account D. regard
9. A. appeared B. performed C. starred D. began
10. A. common B. excited C. known D. popular
11. A. released B. seen C. circulated D. advetised
12. A. Until B. By C. Since D. To
13. A. businessmen B. owners C. prducers D. pulishers
14. A. enlarged B. grew C. imcreased D. succeeded
15. A. went B. put C. pushed D. took

247 ARE YOU THE PERSON YOUD LIKE TO BE?

Have you ever regretted doing something you shouldnt have done or something you
didnt do which you should have? At one time or another we probably all have. Theres no
(1) in getting depressed about it now its no (2) crying over spilt milk.
However, there may be some (3) in thinking about exactly what happened and why
because we might be able to (4) some conclusions for the future.
One thing we all do now and again is to lose our (5) with a friend or close
(6) . The old thing is that we more often display great anger (7)
someone were (8) of than towards strangers. The explanation may be that we see
friends and relatives as a kind of safety net, an opportunity get let off a bit of steam in a safe
 (9) , whereas the (10) of insulting a stranger or a (11) at
work could be far more serious.
Being honest is usually (12) of as a virtue and undoubtedly this is the (13)
. On the other hand, we have all experienced occasions when we have spoken our
minds to someone, (14) them exactly that we feel, and then have found ourselves
(15) with feelings of guilt and remorse. Perhaps we should have kept our mouths
shut.
1. A. reason B. purpose C. point D. advantage
2. A. point B. use C. value D. benefit
3. A. gain B. profit C. goodness D. worth
4. A. make B. draw C. do D. take
5. A. anger B. mind C. temper D. head
6. A. relative B. member C. familiar D. relationship
7. A. at B. with C. about D. towards
8. A. keen B. fond C. friendly D. familiar
9. A. circle B. area C. surroundings D. environment
10. A. effect B. consclusion C. consequences D. punishment
11. A. colleague B. mate C. professional D. staff
12. A. believed B. considered C. regarded D. thought
13. A. case B. TRUE C. event D. fact
14. A. saying B. telling C. speaking D. discribing
15. A. full B. heavy C. sad D. overcome

248 LISBON: ON THE WATERFRONT

The organizers of EXPO 1998 in Lisbon have a big task on their hands. They aim to
(1) on an international fair that will not only attract eight million visitors but will
also (2) back to life a large part of Lisbons riverside and help (3) the
worlds oceans. The Lisbon Fair will be a tribute to the five hundredth (4) the
explorer Vasco da Gamas sea voyage to India. It will (5) place at the same times
as the United Nations Year of the Oceans.
 The EXPO committee want to (6) building an expensive four-month
festival which will (7) forever. Instead, they would like to give Lisbon something
which will be around (8) it is all over. It is clear that Lisbon has learnt from the
(9) of Sevilles EXPO 1192, a successful (10) which, however, left behind a desert of
expensive but (11) buildings.
The intended site of the EXPO is a five-mile stretch of river which (12)
people know about because it is occupied by out-dated industries that (13) _ the
environment. When the fair is over, an (14) more than five times the size of
EXPOS 60 hectares will provide property for (15) and businesses in a city in
which there is a lack of both.
1. A. take B. make C. put D. build
2. A. bring B. come C. take D. make
3. A. restone B. keep C. repair D. save
4. A. celebration B. aniversary C. year D. festival
5. A. get B. have C. make D. take
6. A. deny B. escape C. avoid D. refuse
7. A. disappear B. last C. take D. destroy
8. A. afterwards B. consequently C. finally D. after
9. A. fault B. mistakes C. slip D. true
10. A. show B. fact C. event D. performance
11. A. useless B. usual C. useful D. essential
12. A. none B. any C. much D. few
13. A. infect B. pollute C. poison D. contain
14. A. area B. place C. territory D. district
15. A. dwellers B. neighbours C. residents D. householders

249 A VISIT TO TOLEDO

Toledo stands out dramatically the blue, Castillian sky. It is as spectacular (1)
it is rich in history. Every corner of the city has a tale to be (2) which
reflects a brilliant (3) in Spanish history. There is something to see and enjoy at
every (4) in Toledo. Walking along the maze of narrow, winding lanes you (5)
churches, old houses and palaces. Allow at (6) one whole day for
your visit as there are many (7) which should not be (8) . The
magnificent Cathedral, which dates back to the thirteenth century, is of (9)
interest. Another unique experience is the El Greco House and Museum. In 1585, El Greco
(10) into a house which must
have been (11) to this attractive,
 sixteenth century Toledo house. On the first (12) _ of the museum is a complete
series of individual portraits of the Apostles, a later series (13) the one in the
Cathedral. In the Church of Santo Tome you will find one of El Grecos finest (14)
, The Burial of Count Orgaz. Remember also to (15) a visit to the
Alcazar, which stands massive and proud as ever, dominating all other buildings.
1. A. as B. how C. than D. like
2. A. said B. listened C. told D. counted
3. A. period B. view C. part D. year
4. A. place B. area C. point D. step
5. A. cross B. pass C. spot D. glance
6. A. last B. most C. least D. once
7. A. scenes B. sides C. views D. sights
8. A. lost B. wasted C. missed D. forgotten
9. A. outstanding B. engough C. little D. excellent
10. A. rented B. moved C. changed D. entered
11. A. resembled B. same C. like D. similar
12. A. stage B. floor C. space D. ground
13. A. with B. that C. of D. than
14. A. works B. jobs C. masters D. tasks
15. A. give B. pay C. do D. pass

250 THE MONSTER IN THE LAKE

A 34-year-old librarian from Clifden in County Galway claims she and a friend spoted
a large serpent-like monster in Lake Fadda in western Ireland on Wednesday afternoon as
they were picnicking near the (1) of the lake. Local police are (2) the
story, which follows a series of similar reports in (3) years. Researchers at Trinity
College, Dublin have also (4) an interest in the reports. Georgia Cranberry, the
wife of a local businessman, (5) what she and her friend saw at about three
oclock last Wednesday as a huge monster writhing in the water (6) a snake,
about 30 metres (7) .Her friend, Marry Reilly, a shop assistant in a department
store in Galway, (8) the story and added: We were (9) . The creature
was enormous and it swam with its mouth open. It was (10) like those pictures of
the Loch Ness Monster. More (11) were not available as before they were (12)
 to take a photograph of the monster it disappeared below the (13) of
the lake, which is nearly half a mile long. The description given to police by the two women
(14) that of other eyewitnesses of incidents involving strange creatures in the
lakes of Connemara. Local people have been (15) not to swim in the lakes.
251 A SHORT HISTORY OF BEEF
The word beef, which refers to the flesh of a cow or an ox, did not come to England
with William the Conqueror, as many people believe: it was first (1) over from
France towards the (2) of the thirteenth century. There are records of beef being
eaten nearly 4500 years ago and beef was the most (3) food with the Romans
when they (4) _ in Britain. The Angle Saxons (5) to prefer mutton or
pork, but the Normans were definitely (6) on beef. The Normans also preferred
cows milk and as a (7) _ , there was a steady rise in the number of cows in Britain,
so that (8) the thirteenth century beef had become the countrys favourite meat. It
has (9) that position over since and the roast beef of old England has a special
(10) not only in the hearts of the English people but also in their (11)
especially when beef has also acquired several metaphorical meanings in (13)
English. It can (14) muscular power or effort, as in the adjective beefy or to
complain, as in Stop beefing about your job all the time.Both of these uses of the word
came (15) from the United States in the nineteenth century.
1. A. taken B. came C. brought D. fetched
2. A. end B. finish C. conclusion D. final
3. A. favourite B. tasty C. best D. popular
4. A. reached B. arrived C. visited D. gone
5. A. would B. had C. insisted D. tended
6. A. keener B. fonder C. preferred D. enthusiastic
7. A. conclusion B. rule C. result D. cause
8. A. until B. at C. on D. by
9. A. got B. kept C. been D. continued
10. A. part B. situation C. piece D. place
11. A. kitchen B. cuisine C. meal D. cook
12. A. dish B. plate C. food D. cooking
13. A. today B. everyday C. usaul D. nowadays
14. A. refer B. intend C. mean D. signal
 15. A. over B. to C. along D. round

252 POLICE SEEK ROBBERY LINK

A woman aged 68 suffered broken ribs in an attack by an armed robber in her
penthouse in Kensington, London, police said yesterday. Police are (1) at other
robberies to see if they are linked after Rachael Avitan was (2) at her home in Oxford
Square. Mrs Avitan, the wife of a millionaire ship-owner, was (3) to open a safe
before she was locked in the bathroom with the 24-year-old maid.
The robber escaped with jewellery, (4) coins and cash. Police said the objects
and money (5) in the raid were worth about 30,000 pounds. They ruled out the (6)
that the raid was by a gang which (7) its victims from Whos Who (a
reference guide containing information (8) important people), though Scotland Yard
said it was possible (9) _ of robbers were targeting wealthy families living in
Kensington, Belgravia and Chelsea. A (10) _ for Scotland Yard said there may have
been only one man behind the latest (11) but it is not clear if it was one of a (12)
. Mr Avitan has been allowed to leave hospital but is still having treatment for her
(13) . She said the robber broke in through the back door as her maid was letting
herself out to go home. The man (14) the maid and pulled her back into the house. He
told Mrs Avitan she wouldnt get hurt if she (15) over her valuables. It was terribly
scary,said Mrs Avitan.
1.
14. A.
A. searching
took B.
B. examining
squeezed C.
C. inquiring
hugged D.
D. looking
grabbed
2.
15. A.
A. kidnapped
gave B.
B. attacked
took C.
C. stolen
handed D.
D. mugged
got
3. A. forced B. pushed C. attacked D. threatened
4. A. worthy B. costly C. expensive D. valuable
253 WHAT IS GENIUS?
5. A. escaping B. robbed C. taken D. missing
When some psychiatrists attempt to explain genius, they talk in terms of mental
6. A. belief B. chance C. probability D. possibility
disturbance. This is a strange way of describing remarkable men. (Sadly, it is usually men,
7. A. spots B. picks C. discovers D. checks
(1) occasionally women are also mentioned.) Psychiatrist often (2) to
8. A. about B. for C. around D. upon
geniuses as people who (3) to be oversensitive, melancholy and even schizophrenic,
9. A. pack B. party C. team D. pair
they channel their destructive energy into their masterpieces. A survey (4) out on 30
10. A. speaker B. spokesperson C. commentator D. presenter
American writers revealed that 37% of them (5) _ from depression. A British study of
11. A. attack B. event C. fact D. robber
famous artists (including poets, painters and sculptors) showed 38% had (6) some sort
12. A. collection B. team C. series D. serial
of psychiatric treatment.
13. A. injuries B. aches C. wounds D. pains
An alternative (7) of intelligence, expressed at a recent conference in the
French city of Bordeaux, (8) geniuses as people who matured very early and are
 workaholics with an amazing (9) to produce a lot of work in a (10) _ space of
time: Bach, for example, with his 46 volumes of musical compositions. Does this mean
intelligence and (11) genius is a question of how much is created? We dont know the
answer yet, but Thomas Edison, one of the greatest inventors (12) all time, said that
genius is 1% inspiration and 99% perspiration!
Other interesting (13) about geniuses are that they tend to be born in Spring,
(14) Leonardo and Shakespeare, and they become orphans in their early childhood.
One (15) whether it is a sign of good or bad luck to be born a genius.
1.
12. A.
A. despite
in B.
B. however
of C.
C. though
at D.
D. moreover
from
2.
13. A.
A. refer
facts B.
B. speak
events C.
C. mention
knowledge D.
D. talk
problems
3.
14. A.
A. will
as B.
B. used
such C.
C. use
like D.
D. tend
example
4.
15. A.
A. taken
asks B.
B. carried
thinks C.
C. made
denies D.
D. put
wonders
5. A. lived B. passed C. suffered D. been
6. A. given B. received C. taken D. got
254 MICHAELANGELO
7. A. reason B. aspect C. research D.
th view
Michaelangelo , one of the greatest artists of all time, was born 6 March 1475 in
8. A. sees B. believes C. thinks D. take
Caprese, where his father, Lodovico Buonarroti, (1) as a magistrate for six months.
9. A. skill B. wish C. ability D. plan
Lodovico was not a wealthy man but he (2) he was descended from an aristocratic
10. A. short B. quick C. soon D. bit
family and he was very (3) of this connection.
11. A. still B. yet C. also D. even
Michaelangelo (4) up in Settingnano, a little mountain town just outside
Florence. One of the first (5) Michaelangelo must have become familiar with it (6)
does today. At school, Michaelangelo was (7) an outstanding pupil;
lessons did not (8) to him at all. The only thing he wanted to do was to draw and
(9) his time as his elders probably called it, in the workshops of the (10)
painters and sculptors in the city. One can (11) the eager boy, for whom art was the
most important thing in his whole life, (12) at the wonderful pictures and statues
which filled the beautiful churches of Florence. His best friend while he was still a schoolboy
1. Francesco
was A. served B. (13)
Granacci, who, became C. older
six years madethan Michaelangelo,
D. employedseems to
2. (14)
have A. remarkedan interest
B.in told
the boy and helpedC.him claimed D. toannounced
with his attempts draw and paint.
3. Michaelangelos
A. famous B. ofpleased
choice profession did notC.(15)happy D. proud
his father at all. Only the
4. successful
most A. cameof artist in Florence
B. lived C. ofgrew
stood any chance D.
making any money. took
5. A. outlooks B. sights C. vision D. looks
12. A. glimpsing B. gazing C. watching D. noticing
6. A. yet B. even C. already D. still
13. A. although B. despite C. even D. in spite of
7. A. at least B. by no means C. in any case D. in fact
14. A. put B. taken C. made D. given
8. A. appeal B. attract C. like D. mean
15. A. agree B. thank C. like D. please
9. A. use B. wander C. waste D. lose
10. A. variety B. groups C. difference D. various
11. A. think B. describle C. imagine D. remember
 255 A NEW LIFE
It took a few days after the cheque had arrived for me to realize that our life would
never be the same again it was a dream (1) true. Like everyone else, I had often
(2) what it would be like not having to worry about paying the bills and just (3)
ends meet. My husband, Colin, always (4) to say there would come a day
when we could (5) the lights on without worrying how much it was going to (6)
us. Colin had been out of work for the last (7) of years and we had begun
to wonder whether things would (8) get better. He had become depressed and
irritable. Suddenly, we were (9) plans to move into a big, new house in one of the more
fashionable suburbs of town. We knew that we would lose (10) with the
neighbours with whom we had shared so much (11) the years, but both of us felt we
needed more space and a proper garden. I had always been (12) on gardening but
there hadnt been much scope for my talents in the little (13) of grass we had at the
front and the tiny (14) at the back of the house. Before moving, however, we
decided to (15) ourselves to a nice, long holiday.
1.
14. A.
A. made
court B.
B. come
square C.
C. being
entrance D.
D. become
yard
2.
15. A.
A. imagined
treat B.
B. predicted
enjoy C.
C. planned
give D.
D. enjoyed
spoil
3. A. having B. doing C. making D. putting
4. A. would B. used C. had D. repeated
256 IN THE LIONS DEN
5. A. let B. see C. remember D. leave
Im Aston Villa fan and although I dont take much of an interest in the game
6. A. cost B. pay C. spend D. ask
generally, I (1) my local team whenever they play at home and I usually turn (2)
7. A. dozen B. few C. couple D. several
for a few important matches in other cities. This time they were playing Liverpool
8. A. hardly B. sometimes C. rather D. ever
in a vital semi-final match and I travelled all the (3) to London to see it. I had had
9. A. looking B. drawing C. making D. having
difficulty getting hold of a ticket and had only (4) it at the last minute. The whole
10. A. touch B. communication C. time D. friendship
thing (5) out to be a big mistake. There wasnt much choice about where to stand
11. A. in B. for C. at D. over
and, to my (6) , I found myself in a part of the stadium which was (7) with
12. A. fond B. keen C. enthusiastic D. good
Liverpool fans who had already had too much to drink and the referee hadnt even (8)
13. A. part B. piece C. patch D. blades
the whistle for kick-off yet. I recognized a (9) other Villa supporters in the
midst of the Liverpool crowd who, unlike me, were not only wearing but (10) the
teams scarf so they (11) out like a sore thumb against the sea of Liverpool fans.
They were singing and chanting and generally (12) a good time. I thought the situation might
become nasty so I just (13) _ quiet. There was a roar and more chanting from the
crowd as the two teams came running onto the (14) . At last, the reference blew his
 whistle and the big match was underway. Most of the first half was pretty dull with only a few
(15) at goal but then everything changed when referee awarded
our side a penalty. Of course the Liverpool fans went crazy and started throwing objects onto
the field and smashing anything they could get hold of.

12. A. having B. doing C. making D. enjoying

13. A. continued B. made C. went D. kept
14. A. grass B. pitch C. stands D. stadium
1.
15. A. follow
A. tries B.
B. clap
kicks C.
C. like
shots D.
D. support
attacks
2. A. on B. up C. away D. down
3. A. way B. journey C. road D. miles
257 STAN LAUREL AND OLIVER HARDY
4. A. reached B. arrived C. managed D. succeeded
He was a music-hall comedian in England before he went to America in 1910. In
5. A. ended B. made C. found D. turned
those days he often (1) _ Chaplin. He made his first film in 1918 but did not (2)
6. A. contusion B. surprise C. fear D. shock
to establish himself in the competitive (3) of screen comedy. The first fim
7. A. packed B. full C. squeezed D. squashed
he made with his famous fat (4) , Hardy, was called Putting Pants on Philip 1927. M
8. A. started B. played C. blown D. taken
any critics (5) that he was the more creative (6) of the partnership. The
9. A. few B. crowd C. group D. number
humorist Leo McCarey (7) him a rare comic who was intelligent (8) to
10. A. holding B. waving C. throwing D. taking
make up his own gags. (9) , he was remarkably talented, while his partner was (10)
11. A. looked B. made C. stood D. appeared
so and this is key to understanding their relationship. As a (11) , throughout
their career together he (12) on being paid twice as much as his friend because he
believed he was (13) twice as much. While he wrote the films and (14)
part in their creation, his partner was incapable of creating anything at all it was amazing
how he managed to find his (15) to the studio.
1. A. resembled B. followed C. copied D. liked
2. A. succeed B. reach C. fail D. manage
3. A. job B. field C. position D. place
4. A. pair B. colleague C. partner D. match
5. A. claim B. persist C. refuse D. review
6. A. person B. actor C. member D. piece
7. A. saw B. said C. described D. considered
8. A. even B. quite C. enough D. also
9. A. Moreover B. Although C. However D. So
10. A. least B. less C. little D. hardly
11. A. result B. conclusion C. matter D. fact
12. A. persisted B. insisted C. kept D. demanded
13. A. worth B. making C. valued D. acting
14. A. had B. made C. was D. took
15. A. car B. way C. route D. road
258 MY LIFE THE MOVIES
When I was about fifteen I joined a travelling theatre troupe and started going on
trips around America. It was one of these tours that I was offered a (1) in a film, which I
accepted. (2) a result, I went to Hollywood, where I eventually became a director as
(3) as an actor.
When I was a child, I (4) never have predicted my future fame and fortune.
My (5) life was a time of great hardship. (6) my family had started off
living quite comfortably. We had even had a maid to help out in the house. Our financial
situation, (7) , gradually got worse and in the end we lost everything. The family
became (8) poor that at one stage my brothers and I had to take it in turns to (9)
the only pair of shoes we had.
Years (10) , a lot of these childhood experiences found their way into my
films. I loved being the centre of (11) in films, something which I had never been as
a boy. I would say the important (12) that women play in my films (13)
back to the influence my mother had on my life. I also liked to (14) fun of
policemen, especially when they made life difficult for the poor. As (15)
drunkenness, I tried to make people laugh at what had caused me deep sorrow in my own life.
1. A. role B. place C. piece D. script
2. A. For B. like C. As D. With
3. A. good B. well C. also D. soon
4. A. can B. should C. must D. could
5. A. early B. young C. chidish D. child
6. A. even B. although C. despite D. however
7. A. even B. moreover C. However D. what's more
8. A. such B. so C. too D. very
9. A. carry B. put C. dress D. wear
10. A. before B. afterwards C. later D. ago
11. A. attention B. would C. light D. fame
12. A. game B. part C. music D. tricks
13. A. returns B. begins C. falls D. goes
14. A. take B. have C. make D. get
15. A. far B. refers C. concerns D. for
259 A STRANGE CREATURE
A 57-year-old woman was attacked yesterday by what she claims was a huge, black cat
as she was taking her two dogs for a walk near Bodmin Moor. Local police have started (1)
into the incident, which follows a whole series of similar reports in (2)
months that are causing grave (3) amongst residents. Visitors to the West Country
have been advised to (4) the Bodmin area and parents have been told to make sure
their do not play in the areas where (5) have occurred.
The latest sighting (6) place on Sunday morning when Mrs Joan Wiliams, the
wife of a local fanner, claims to have been (7) on the back of the head by a large,
black animal, (8) _ her to the ground. Mrs Williams says she caught a (9) of
the creature, which (10) a large puma, as it was running away. When I came to, I
saw this huge, black cat (11) down at me. I go the fright of my life. Mrs Williams
told reporters.
Mrs Williams description (12) that of other eyewitness accounts of the
monster, which has apparently been (13) in places as far apart as Devon and
Yorkshire. (14) recently, the creature was assumed to be a wolf, but the few animal
(15) which have been found suggest the creature is much larger than a wolf or a cat.

1. A. queries B. questions C. research D. investigations

2. A. late B. recent C. few D. last
3. A. concern B. worries C. panic D. danger
4. A. escape B. avoid C. refuse D. leave
5. A. accidents B. events C. things D. incidents
6. A. took B. had C. found D. got
7. A. tapped B. pulled C. thumped D. pushed
8. A. knocking B. pulling C. falling D. dropping
9. A. look B. shock C. glimpse D. stare
10. A. like B. reminded C. matched D. resembled
11. A. grinning B. staring C. watching D. growling
12. A. suits B. resembles C. goes D. matches
13. A. spotted B. watched C. caught D. chased
14. A. As B. So C. Until D. Before
15. A. paths B. tracks C. traps D. prints
 260 ANCIENT ART
A number of prehistoric paintings still survive on the wall of caves in Spain and
southern France. They show with amazing accuracy a wide (1) of animals which the
cave dwellers (2) _, such as bison and deer, and are (3) remarkable for their
life and power. It is very (4) that the pictures were connected with hunting, (5)
is a very famous example in Lascaux, in which we can just (6) out a man
among some animals. There are also a (7) _ of dark dost in the painting. The meaning
of the picture is not clear; it does, (8) , show that the cave dwellers were an artistic
people in many (9) .
More than 5000 years (10) , the Egyptians began painting on the walls of
their tombs everything that went on tin their (11) lives. They believed that the
figures of people, animals and everyday (12) would enter the afterlife with the dead
person.
The most artistic people of any age, (13) perhaps from the Chinese, were the
Greeks. We have many (14) of Greek sculpture, but apart from a few fragments,
Greek wall paintings have not survived, (15) we can only imagine what they were
like.
1. A. difference B. variety C. flock D. group
2. A. chased B. kept C. hunted D. followed
3. A. quite B. too C. such D. enough
4. A. true B. likely C. definite D. possibly
5. A. It B. This C. Here D. There
6. A. see B. watch C. make D. look
7. A. number B. few C. collection D. several
8. A. and B. although C. too D. however
9. A. means B. ways C. points D. views
10. A. since B. following C. ago D. previous
11. A. common B. unsual C. private D. daily
12. A. objects B. topics C. pictures D. facts
13. A. besides B. except C. not D. apart
14. A. examples B. objects C. ideas D. ruins
15. A. because B. since C. so D. but
 261 THE FLYING AUNTIES
Few passengers on the British Airways flight to Hong Kong which took off from
th
London Airport on Saturday 7 August, were (1) that their flight was setting a
record for the company. In fact their plane was carrying 112 unaccompanied minors the
largest (2) of children travelling without parents or guardians ever to have flown on
a (3) flight. Most of these children, aged from six (4) , were returning to
Hong Kong after taking three-week English (5) at various language schools as (6)
an exchange scheme.
The children were not left to their own devices, (7) Airline rules say that
children under twelve can only fly if accompanied (8) an adult. So, a group of three
aunties and one uncle flew with them to (9) _ them entertained and (10)
with my problems that might arise. They are part of a British Airways team known as the
flying aunties. These are BA employees who volunteer, in their own time, to (11)
an escorted service for unaccompanied minors to both European and long-haul (12) .
Once in the air, there is a range of activities available to the youngsters (13)
computer games, colouring books and soft drinks on tap. In (14) , the children have
the aunties all to themselves for such members of (15) do not take on their
duties.
1. A. realaised B. thought C. aware D. known
2. A. count B. number C. amount D. quantity
3. A. single B. solo C. unique D. lone
4. A. backwards B. forwards C. afterwards D. upwards
5. A. classes B. courses C. studies D. lessons
6. A. linked to B. long as C. along with D. part of
7. A. altogether B. although C. however D. moreover
8. A. from B. at C. with D. by
9. A. hold B. keep C. help D. get
10. A. manage B. bother C. solve D. deal
11. A. provide B. produce C. pretend D. present
12. A. departures B. destinations C. routes D. arrivals
13. A. regarding B. composing C. including D. containing
14. A. addition B. further C. extra D. plus
15. A. team B. crew C. staff D. group

262 TREES FOR LIFE

Trees are amongst the biggest and longest-living thing on Earth, some dating back
longer than the oldest buildings. But (1) being nice to look at, trees also (2)
an important role in improving the quality of our lives.
On a world-wide (3) , forests help to slow down the effects of global
warming by using up the gas (4) as carbon dioxide and giving (5) the
oxygen we need to breathe. At local neighbourhood level, trees also (6) important
environmental benefits. They offer shade and shelter, which in (7) _ reduces the
amount of energy needed to heat and cool (8) buildings; at the same time, they also
remove other impurities from the air we breathe.
Urban trees are especially important because for many people they provide the only
daily (9) with the natural world. Whats (10) , urban trees provide a home
for birds, small and butterflies. (11) the trees we would lose the pleasure of seeing
these creatures in our cities. Regrettably, (12) , trees in cities are now coming under
(13) . There is a limit to the level of pollution they can (14) and, down at
street level, their roofs are being seriously (15) by the digging needed to make way
for modern telephone, television and other cables.
1.
14. A.
A. as far in
stand as for B.
B. as
putlong as
up with C.
C. as well
face up as
to D.
D. as
fallsoon
backason
2.
15. A.
A. play
concerned B.
B. show
involved C.
C. ad
interfered D.
D. serve
disturbed
3. A. range B. size C. scale D. area
4. A. called B. known C. titled D. referred
5. A. in B. away C. up D. out
6. A. make B. bring C. take D. find
263
7. A. reach B. THE ROSETTA STONE
place C. order D. turn
For nearby
8. A. centuries Egyptian
B. hieroglyphics
close (1) C. next
_ one of the worlds greatest
D. opposite
linguistic
9. A. challenges.
junction They had
B. scholars
touch baffled (2)C. taste they wereD. finally deciphered in
contact
the
10.nineteenth
A. elsecentury, (3) B. moreto the discovery
C. ofmost
the Rosetta Stone.
D. other
In the
11. A. year 1799 some
Throughout B.French soldiers found
Beyond C.a slab of black basalt
Without D.(4)Outside
working
12. A. onhowever
a fortress near the
B. small town of Rosetta.
whilst C. One officer, PierreD.
therefore Francois Bouchard,
despite
realized
13. A.they had (5)
risk B. on a finding of great
danger C.significance
threat and handed it over to
D. warning
scholars.
 The Rosetta Stone has inscriptions in two languages, Egyptian and Greek, (6)
there are, in fact, three scripts carved on it. The first script is hieroglyphics, a
pictorial (7) of writing used to (8) the language of Ancient Egypt, and
which can be found on many Egyptian buildings and monuments. The hieroglyphics are
followed by Demotic, (9) Egyptian script. The third script is Ancient Greek, and it
was this that alerted Bouchard, who recognised it, (10) the importance of the
discovery.
Many scholars became involved in the (11) of deciphering hieroglyphics,
but it was not until 1822 that there was a (12) breakthrough. The French linguist,
Jean Francois Champollion was familiar with (13) Greek and Coptic, the language
of the Christian descendants of the Ancient Egyptians. He was able to (14) out the
Demotic signs in Coptic and from there traced a path back to hieroglyphics, (15)
making their decipherment possible.
18 A. symbolised
A. transcribe B. represented
B. translate C. stood for
C. transfer D. transform
D. presented
29 A. while
A. the other B. when
B. an C. until
C. the D. another
D. since
310 A.
A. thanks
towards B. according
B. about C. prior
C. to D. for
D. close
411 A.
A. before
assignment B.
B. on
task C.
C. by
mission D.
D. while
career
512 A.A. happened
major B.
B. stumbled
main C.
C. stepped
chief D.
D. tripped
principal
613 A.
A. even
just if B.
B. whereas
either C.
C. when
both D.
D. but
all
714 A.
A. shape
break B.
B. form
make C.
C. figure
set D.
D. image
work
15 A. thus B. then C. therefore D. so

264 THE MYSTERIES OF GIZA

Egyptologists tell us that the Sphinx and the pyramids at Giza were built
approximately 4,500 years ago by an Egyptian pharaoh, but in recent years a great (1)
of evidence has surfaced to challenge this. A growing (2) of independent
researched claim that these monuments may in (3) have been built as (4)
back as 12,500 years ago! (5) to them, the Giza pyramids precisely line (6)
with the position of certain stars in the year 10,450 BC. It is interesting to note that
on that date the leonine Sphinx would have (7) the exact location on the horizon
where the constellation of Leo rose (8) dawn on the Spring equinox. Equally
interesting is the claim made by at (9) one geologist that weathering patterns on the
body of the Sphinx are consistent with those left by precipitation over a substantial (10)
of time, yet Egypt last saw (11) rainfall over 7,000 years ago.
 Could it be that both the pyramids and the Sphinx were built by a (12)
civilized race thousands of years before the Age of the Pharaohs, at a time when historians
would (13) us believe humans had not the know-how to construct such (14)
structures? If evidence should surface that can (15) such claims, the
history books will undoubtedly have to be rewritten.
18 A.
A. volume
after B.
B. number
in C.
C. amount
by D.
D. deal
at
29 A.
A. group
most B.
B. number
least C.
C. party
best D.
D. handful
all
310 A.A. fact
length B. point
B. reality C. period
C. truth D. duration
D. life
411 A.
A. old
heavy B. hard
B. well C. strong
C. far D. severe
D. long
512 A.
A. Due
terribly B. extremely
B. According C. Thanks
C. highly D. utterly
D. Owing
613 A.
A. out
get B.
B. in
help C.
C. along
let D.
D. up
have
714 A.
A. faced
amazing B.
B. looked to
astounding C.
C. pointed to
astonishing D.
D. seen
stunning
15 A. help B. support C. assist D. back

265 MUSIC
Nobody knows for certain what the origin of music was. Music is certainly older than
poetry and painting but as early man had o way of (1) it, we can only (2)
what it sounded like. Watching a child (3) on a drum with its hands or a (4)
of wood, it is easy to see that is the simplest of instruments. It does not (5)
much effort to produce a rhythm on it.
Wall paintings show what some of the first instruments (6) like. Early
civilizations had already discovered the three basic (7) of producing music:
blowing into a tube, striking an object, and scraping a string. We know that western music
comes from the (8) Greeks. The musical scales we use now are (9) on
certain sequences of notes which the Greeks used to create a particular (10) .
Until the sixteenth century, most player of instruments were (11)
performers, but as music became more (12) , orchestras and musical groups began
to (13) . This (14) about the writing of music to be played by several
1 A. atrecording
musicians B. certainly
one time. This can playing be (15) C. producing D. performing
the birth of modern music.
2 A. think B. guess C. reckon D. realise
10 A. spirit B. temper C. mood D. homour
3 A. banging B. knocking C. crashing D. hitting
11 A. separate B. single C. unique D. lonely
4 A. slice B. point C. shape D. piece
12 A. widespread B. enlarged C. expanded D. extemded
5 A. make B. call C. take D. do
13 A. turn B. be C. spring D. appear
6 A. sounded B. appeared C. felt D. looked
14 A. produced B. brought C. caused D. affected
7 A. forms B. ways C. systems D. manners
8 A. antique B. old C. aged D. ancient
9 A. based B. raised C. established D. supported
 15 A. appointed B. decided C. called D. named

266 HOW TO GET A GOOD JOB?

It is often said that employers tend to favour people they know or candidates (1)
to them. They are also considered to prefer people similar to them and those who
they believe will fit into the job. (2) it frequently turns out to be true,
employment counselors claim that it good to (3) _ on relations with others and ask
relatives, friends and acquaintances for help in finding a job. As a (4) , you must be
active and (5) the initiative. For instance, maybe you could join a social club or
start (6) community meetings? While waiting for your first interview, remember
the significance of first impression. You will be (7) all the time during the
conversation with the potential employer. He or she will consider not only your education, (8)
and skills, but also your image and personality (9) . Employment (10)
advise candidates to behave in a friendly, honest and professional way. Therefore,
try to be assertive but polite, communicative and (11) about your abilities and
achievements. Never be (12) about your former job. Do not act in a nervous way
and always do (13) eye contact. If you are not sure about your self-presentation
skills, you can always make a (14) with a family member or close friend or (15)
on a special course to learn how to make a good impression.

1 A. applied B. preferred C. favoured D. recommended

2 A. Athough B. Since C. Thus D. If
3 A. follow B. push C. insist D. rely
4 A. employee B. jobseeker C. worker D. employer
5 A. make B. do C. take D. follow
6 A. attending B. joining C. taking D. making
7 A. defined B. valued C. appreciated D. assessed
8 A. abilities B. possibilities C. opportunities D. options
9 A. attitude B. characters C. traits D. impression
10 A. counsellors B. workers C. tutors D. assessors
11 A. aware B. confident C. ready D. convinced
12 A. against B. protesting C. denying D. negative
13 A. maintain B. get C. reach D. gain
14 A. attempt B. rehearsal C. parctise D. overview
15 A. involve B. participate C. enrol D. sign
267 THE WIDESPREAD USE OF ENGLISH A BLESSING OR A THTREAT?
English dominates the world of business and is now gradually becoming the language
of politics. People all over the world are benefiting from the spread of English, which is
becoming independent of its origins. However, the dominance of English has produced a
number of (1) effects. One significant aftermath has been the fostering of national
antagonisms. A phenomenon like (2) is observable in Canada, and particularly in
Quebec. Its (3) have long face the competition between the English and French
languages, as bilingualism promoted by the government of Canada proved to be an (4)
failure. Not only has it failed to unite the (5) of French and English
speaking settlers, but it also entailed a great (6) of prejudice and aggression (7)
outsiders. The impact of the English language flooded the majority of Canadian
provinces, (8) producing a minority complex, which French Canadians have long
struggled to (9) . The impact of the English language on human relations differs in
(10) countries, where it is viewed either as a useful product of modern civilization, or
as a killer language, which endangers cultural uniqueness o the societies it enters. (11)
, the final result of its expansion and integration (12) the national life of its
non-native speakers is yet (13) seen and we will have wait (14) more years to
see the precise result of these (15) .
19 A.
A. hostile
overthrow B.
B. adverse
overtake C.
C. reverse
overcome D.
D. contrary
overturn
210 A.
A. this
particular B.
B. it
specific C.
C. one
many D.
D. these
special
311 A.
A. inheritors
In contrast B.
B. habitats
Yet C.
C. inhabitants
Although D.
D. inhibitions
Therefore
412 A.
A. unpredictable
within B.
B. undeniable
of C.
C. unique
to D.
D. sure
into
513 A. forefathers
A. being B.
B. ancestors
to have been C.
C. prgenitors
to be D. already
D. descendants
614 A. much
A. no B.
B. many
one C.
C. deal
some D. anumber
D. few
715 A. towards
A. changes B.
B. for
differences C.
C. to
alternatives D. options
D. up to
8 A. since B. despite C. almost D. thus

268 ANOREXIA
Anorexia, primarily a womans illness, is characterized by an ongoing fear of gaining
weight. The term itself (1) for loss of appetite, yet it is better (2) as a (3)
to maintain ones minimal body weight. Anorexia mostly (4) _ adolescent girls,
(5) it can develop during any major life change in (6 ) men and women. The
reason (7) its occurrence is an obsession with weight. Many women who are (8)
 to the social pressure of being slim, attempt to achieve an ideal figure by (9)
the pattern promoted in the media and advertising. This starvation behaviour is frequently
accompanied by a radical reduction of food intake while exercising excessively. (10)
from developing strange eating habits, like hiding food or cutting it (11) tiny pieces,
anorexics suffer from disruption menstrual cycle, depression and obsessive-compulsive
disorder. The illness can even (12) in death. (13) proper treatment, anorexia
can be (14) . One of the elements of successful treatment is (15) the patients
self esteem and rebuilding the distorted image of ones body.
112 A.
A. stands
finish B.
B. singifies
end C.
C. means
cause D.
D. symbolises
result
213 A.
A. developed
For B.
B. referred
With C.
C. described
At D.
D. meant
On
314 A.
A. refusal
cure B.
B. denail
killed C.
C. disagreement
evercome D.
D. opposition
prevented
415 A.
A. strickes
rising B.
B. grasps
raising C.
C. effects
lifting D.
D. affects
lowering
5 A. since B. yet C. for D. because
6
269 A. all B. either C. both D. every
7 A.Since
for the time of Nostradamus,
B. becausemeteorologists
C. to have been tryingD. why
to (1) the
8 A. ofsensitive
mystery B.Their
climatic changes. able(2) hasC.beenafflicted D. vulnerable
to be able to precisely (3)
9 A. seeking B. following
the weather C. tosearching
for the days D.meteorologists
come. In the past, heading
10 A.skywards
looked Apart to find hints
B. inFar C. Away
the clouds. At present, D. Differing at the
their eyes are (4)
11 A.
spots onthe most intriguing
where B. to C. into(5)
climatic transformations D. for about,
namely, the (6) depths of the oceans where swirls, whirlpools and waves (7)
the patterns for the future weather.
The most efficient way of (8) hold of the ever-changing map of the swirling
currents circulating their heat around the planet is from space. Weather satellites (9)
with complicated instruments examine the surface and the bottom of the oceans and
determine the exact height of water. The impressive advantage offered by satellite scanning is
that measurements can be (10) even in the most inaccessible parts of the oceans and
can provide daily pictures of the water surface together with the (11) _ wave height
and
1 wind
A. speed.
obviate B. accouont C. elaborate D. decipher
2 (12)
A. objective being a priceless device
B. objectivity for predicting climatic
C. subjection conditions for tourists,
D. subject
farmers
3 A.or aviators,
unravel weather satellites
B. perceivealso (13) advance warnings
C. explore D. against storms or
forecast
typhoons
4 A. which
looked(14) the coastal
B. populations
derected to (15)C. focused
themselves against
D. these destructive
applied
forces
5 of A.nature.
get B. turn C. bring D. come
611 amounted
A. utmost calculated
B. indefinite scored
C. terminal enumerated
D. ultimate
12
7 A. Besides
accomplish B. Apart
procure C. Otherwise
formulate D. Whereby
generate
8 A. getting B. coming C. finding D. making
9 A. donated B. delivered C. equipped D. supplemented
10 A. taken B. formed C. fulfilled D. done
 13 A. denote B. procced C. issue D. emerge
14 A. entitle B. enable C. entail D. enforce
15 A. sustain B. ward C. protect D. presverve

270
Sleeping disorders like insomnia can (1) to be a worrying question for many
of us. Almost anyone can easily conjure (2) at least one sleepless night of (3)
and turning in bed awaiting the bliss of a deep dream. Most probably, a third of us
(4) the distressing experience at least once a week.
Even though it is possible for people to (5) without any sleep at all for a
certain period of time, such occurrences are rather few and far (6) and there is no
evidence to (7) this assumption. What is sure, however, is the fact that we do need
some sleep to regenerate our strength and to (8) the brain to its proper activity. No
wonder, then, that he tiredness and fatigue that appear after sleepless night (9) many
of us to go for chemical support in the form of sleep (10) tablets or
powders.
However long the problem of sleeplessness has afflicted many individuals, very little
has been (11) in the question of its original causes. We are conscious that it usually
(12) those who are exposed to a great deal of stress, anxiety or depression. It may
also be (13) by overworking or unfavourable surroundings with scarcity of fresh air.
Sleeping pills may provide some relief and can act as an alternative in this desperate
situation. Yet, they do little to combat the ailment in full. Consequently, our hopes should be
(14) on the medical authorities to (15) the roof cause of insomnia before
we take to being nocturnal leading our noisy lives in the dead of night.
19 A.
A. present
compel B.
B. entail
affect C.
C. prove
enforce D.
D. realize
exert
210 A.
A. out
attaining B.
B. about
inducing C.
C. off
exacting D.
D. up
contributing
311 A.
A. tossing
disparaged B.
B. wriggling
retrieved C.
C. rolling
originated D.
D. spinning
detected
412 A.
A. underpass
besets B.
B. underlie
betrays C.
C. undergo
bemoans D.
D. undertake
bestows
513 A.
A. operate
engendered B.
B. function
applied C.
C. process
istigated D.
D. perform
evolved
614 A.
A. beyond
ascribed B.
B. along
placed C.
C. within
focused D.
D. between
attached
715 A.
A. proclaim
emerge B.
B. invalidate
release C.
C. endure
determine D.
D. substantiate
confess
8 A. recuperate B. resume C. revive D. restore

271
 Even though the crime rate keeps going up, society is soft on criminals. People who
have (1) major crimes and even murderers sentenced to (2) are often
released after serving just part of their sentence. Everyday (3) crime is destroying
the (4) of life of many people, particularly in city areas. (5) you look
there are examples of graffiti and mindless vandalism. Personally, I have had my car (6)
into twice in the last three months. As far as I know the police are not looking into (7)
of the crimes. Even when a friend recently caught a young thief, the police (8)
him off with a warning because of this age. Doubtless, the child in (9) ,
thinking he has got (10) with one crime, will be (11) to try another. Yet if
you or I park our car in the wrong place or exceed the speed limit slightly we have to pay a
(12) . I know its important to (13) into account the age of criminals. I also
know that upbringing and drugs are (14) for many crimes. All the (15) ,
the lives and rights of the victims of crime should be considered too.
112 A.
A. completed
fine B. caution
B. done C. committed
C. ticket D.
D. made
fee
213 A.
A. live
put B. take
B. living C. lifetime
C. make D.
D. life
carry
314 A.
A. little
guilty B. cause
B. petty C. small
C. faulty D.
D. major
respinsible
415 A.
A. standard
same B. while
B. cost C. level
C. time D.
D. quality
better
5 A. However B. Forever C. Wherever D. Whatever
6 A. broken B. turned C. looked D. made
272 AN INTERNATIONAL SUMMER CAMP
7 A. both B. either C. any D. none
For the last few years, my children have been going to a summer camp in (1)
8 A. let B. allowed C. set D. got
Greece called Skouras Camp. They always seem to have a good time, so if youre wondering
9 A. mind B. question C. discussion D. trouble
what to do with the kids for three weeks this summer, you could (2) _ worse than send
10 A. on B. up C. away D. off
them to this beautiful camp on the (3) of the Aegean Sea. If your children, like
11 A. attempted B. dared C. threatended D. tempted
mine, are keen (4) adventure, sports and good (5) the Skouras is an
1 A. northern
international B. northerly
camp with children from all (7) C. the
northwards D. north
world. My children have made
2 A.with
friends turn
children of theirB.own
make
age from Poland,C.China,
get Denmark andD.thedo
United States.
3 A. they
Naturally shores B. banks to practice C.
get lots of opportunities theircoasts D. isedges
English as English the (8)
4 A. spoken.
language about The CampB.is (9)
on in oneC. with
of the most beautifulD.
partsfor
of Chalkidiki. It
is5hugeA.(120000
get-togethers B. and
square metres) companions
is just a (10) C. company D. partnership
throw away from the clear, blue
6 A.Sea.
Aegean much B. best
It takes the children just five minutes C. veryto the golden,D.sandy
to walk most
beach (11)
7 A. foot.
about B. my
The programme over
kids (13) C. including D. riding
activities are horse aboveand table
8
tennis. A.
Otherjust
sport (14) _ B. unique C. single
basketball, volley-ball D. camp
and athletics. The onlyends with a
9 (15)
sports A. placed B. week
in the last positioned C. are
which all parents located D. residing
invited to attend.
10 A. rock's
14 A. include B.
B. stone's
contain C. gravel's
C. enclose D. ball's
D. hold
11 A. on B. by C. with D. over
12 A. inserted B. crowded C. stuffed D. packed
13 A. loveable B. likeable C. favourite D. beloved
 15 A. competition B. contest C. exam D. inspection

273 VIDEO GAMES

In the last 10 years, video games have come a long way. Computer (1) are
more powerful, the games are more exciting, and for some people, video games have become
the most enjoyable form of (2) .
There is already a multi-billion dollar global (3) _ , and it is getting bigger
every year. Top games can (4) in over $150 million on their first day, putting them
in the same league as films (5) Spiderman. Video games are big business, and
companies that (6) to employ just a few programmers fifteen or twenty years (7)
now have hundreds of artists and designers making each game, often spending years
in the process.
The natural of games is also changing rapidly. In the past, many games (8)
shooting guns and rockets but now there is much more variety. Recent titles (9)
from complex games of strategy which can take weeks to learn, to games about pets, and
families aimed at much younger children. By changing in this way, the industry is hoping to
(10) people of all ages and backgrounds, just as the movie industry has always done.

1. A. currently B. presently C. at the time D. today

2. A. leisure B. hobby C. entertainment D. interest
3. A. market B. sale C. shopping D. production
4. A. do B. bring C. make D. have
5. A. like B. than C. such D. as
6. A. didn't use B. used C. wasn't using D. were using
7. A. for B. since C. by D. ago
8. A. included B. meant C. involved D. needed
9. A. range B. stretch C. change D. extend
10. A. appeal B. attract C. invite D. draw

274 ECO FOOTBALLERS

Its not just the pitches are green in the football industry Dartford Football Club
have just (1) the first eco-friendly stadium in the world.
 As a football pitch needs a staggering 20,000 litres a day in hot weather, the architects
have created two lakes nearby to store rainwater. It will be (2) from the large flat
open areas such as a plaza and the roofs. The lakes will make be stadium (3) , look
pretty and (4) locals wildlife.
Everyone involved with the project was (5) to making it was green as
possible. To reduce the need for electricity, there are (6) panels on the clubhouse
roof to (7) sunlight into power, and extensive insulation adds sustainable source, so
does not involve the clearing of any (9) . The teams colours are red and white, and
as a final touch, cherry trees have been (10) around the stadium to reflect this.
1. A. finished B. accomplished C. fulfilled D. ended
2. A. obtained B. gathered C. collected D. gained
3. A. self-relaint B. self-sufficient C. self-confident D. self-consious
4. A. bring B. withdraw C. appeal D. attract
5. A. enthusiastic B. dedicated C. committed D. interested
6. A. electric B. solar C. light D. stellar
7. A. alter B. reform C. convert D. exchange
8. A. energy B. strength C. force D. power
9. A. deserts B. forest C. oceans D. raches
10. A. dug B. stood C. earthed D. planted

5
Greece was, of course, the (1) of the Olympic games and the people of
Greece felt cheated when they (2) to Sydney the right to stage the Millennium
Olympic Games in 2000. There was a belief among some in the Olympic Movement that
Athens was not able to stage the games due to its infrastructure. But I suspect that this was
actually a good (3) for Athens as the people were so enraged that they were (4)
to prove that not only could they stage amazing games in 2004, but they would do it
in a modernized and appealing city.
The people of Athens had a (5) to rally around and prove that Athens was a
First Class City.
 In usual Greek (6) , though, they did it in such a way that the outside
world was convinced that it would never be done in time forgetting that the Greek usually
get
 things done but in their own time. They did literally finish on time and even weeks before the
Olympics some observers were (7) chaos.
The Greek way is a more leisurely (8) to life and to getting things done.
The weather, no doubt, plays a big part as it is usually glorious, (9) _ it does
get almost unbearably hot in mid summer.
Athens has put in place as a result of the Olympics many (10) infrastructure
changes which make it a better city for a visitor, e.g. the new airport which is modern very
pleasant to travel through.
1. A. founders B. beginners C. explorers D. discoverers
2. A. missed B. lost C. offered D. gave
3. A. idea B. victory C. initiative D. move
4. A. determined B. steady C. hard D. excited
5. A. motto B. call C. challenge D. time
6. A. style B. type C. kind D. sort
7. A. waiting B. hoping C. predicting D. considering
8. A. way B. approach C. opinion D. treatment
9. A. moreover B. even C. nevertheless D. although
10. A. absolute B. grand C. major D. main

276 MODERN SCIENCE

It seems entirely (1) to us that there are teams of scientists in universities and
other institutions around the world, attempting to (2) the way the world works.
However, it hasnt always been that (3) . Although the scientific method is now four or
five hundred years old, the ancient Greeks, for example, believed that they could work out the
(4) of natural events just by the power of thought.
th
During the 17 century, more and more people began to realize that they could (5)

their scientific ideas by designing a relevant (6) and seeing what happened. A
lot of (7) was made in this way by individual scientists. These men and women often
worked alone, carrying out (8) into many different areas of science, and they often
th
received very little (9) for their hard work. At the start of the 20 century, though, it
 became (10) that science was becoming more complicated and more expensive. The
individual scientist disappeared, to be replaced by highly qualified teams of experts.
Modern science was born.

1. A. physical B. natural C. typical D. real

2. A. discover B. invent C. construct D. create
3. A. route B. method C. way D. technique
4. A. aims B. reasons C. impulses D. causes
5. A. calculate B. estimate C. test D. measure
6. A. analysis B. research C. attempt D. experiment
7. A. development B. progress C. movement D. evolution
8. A. discovery B. experiment C. research D. education
9. A. reward B. prize C. gift D. award
10. A. actual B. true C. accurate D. clear

277 KEEPING SAFE IN A STORM

Did you know that at any time of the day or night, around the world 2,000
thunderstorms are taking place? Every second, there are about 100 lightning strikers.
According (1) the experts, the Empire State Building in New York City is struck by
lighting 22 to 25 times a year.
Of course, it is not only tall buildings that (2) lighting. People are sometimes
struck too. So, what can we do to stay safe in a storm? It is possible to (3) exactly what
will happen in a thunderstorm, but we do know that lightning strikes things that stand high
above the (4) , such as trees. For this reason, you should not take shelter under a tree if
you are (5) and a storm starts. For this reason, you should not take shelter under a tree
if you are (5) and a storm starts. If the tree is struck and you are standing underneath it,
the chances are you are (6) to be hurt.
Buildings are (7) the best place to shelter. But even in your own home, you not
completely safe. It lightning strikes your house, electricity could travel along metal pipes in
the bathroom. So you should (8) having baths or showers during a storm or you could
be (9) injured. Lightning could also strike the phone lines outside your house so its
advisable not to make any calls. It is also a good idea to switch (10) your computer
and television as they can also carry electricity.
1.
5. A.
A. in
outdoors B.
B. on
inside C.
C. from
wherever D.
D. to
far
2.
6. A.
A. bring
possible B.
B. attract
likely C.
C. collect
ready D.
D. locate
willing
3. A. predict B. prove C. detect D. spot
4. A. earth B. ground C. nature D. floor
 7. A. known B. said C. considered D. concluded
8. A. avoid B. ignore C. prevent D. leave
9. A. completely B. strongly C. seriously D. heavily
10. A. out B. down C. on D. off

278 SPEAKING ENGLISH

Christina Tata from Korea needs to (1) something about her English. She
understands English perfectly but she is afraid to speak. Every time she tries to say
something
(2) loud, she gets embarrassed because she doesnt sound like a native (3) .
Shes thinking of (4) an English course in Now York during the summer. Shes hoping
that hearing English 24 hours a day will help her build up her (5) .
In New York, she will be able to (6) speaking English a lot. For example, she
may make a (7) in class and then later talk about the same topic with a (8)
shopkeeper. She hopes shell also pick (9) new vocabulary and (10) her accent
by listening to people speak on the street.
1. A. do B. get C. have D. be
2. A. in B. too C. out D. very
3. A. audience B. speaker C. talker D. tongue
4. A. studying B. learning C. giving D. taking
5. A. success B. voice C. confidence D. ambition
6. A. practise B. attend C. repeat D. experience
7. A. difficulty B. speech C. method D. conversation
8. A. local B. unique C. near D. foreign
9. A. ever B. on C. up D. down
10. A. pronounce B. succeed C. develop D. improve

279 MAKE-UP THEN AND NOW

It would be hard to (1) a world without make-up. There is such a wide (2)
of make-up available that it is sometimes difficult to know what to choose. The make-
up industry is constantly (3) new kinds of make-up. But make-up is not something
new. Women have always gone to (4) lengths to make themselves more beautiful.
 Archeologists have (5) _ that the first people to use make up were the Egyptians
almost 6,000 years ago! Women in ancient Greece were also (6) about the way they
looked and would (7) go out without some extra colour on their faces. And in the
1400s in Europe, wealthy women used the white part of the egg on their faces because they
th
actually believed that it improved their (8) . In the 20 century, make-up became really
(9) when actresses began using it in films. Thousands of women watched these films and
wanted to look like their favourite stars, and in no time (10) all, most women
started using make-up.
1. A. recognise B. think C. consider D. imagine
2. A. number B. experience C. variety D. method
3. A. causing B. developing C. growing D. stretching
4. A. great B. many C. large D. wide
5. A. examined B. discovered C. communicated D. prepared
6. A. shy B. terrible C. interested D. concerned
7. A. rarely B. frequently C. probably D. particularly
8. A. impression B. design C. appearance D. shape
9. A. apparent B. popular C. evident D. successful
10. A. by B. for C. all D. at

280 BRANDENBURG AND THE MP4

Technology has changed the music industry dramatically over the last 20 years. One
of the most (1) technological inventions is a small (2) called the MP3 player.
The MP3 was developed by a number of people but one man, Karlheinz Brandenburg, (3)
the most to its invention. In fact, Brandenburg is often is called the father of
the MP3.
In 1977, Brandenburg started to look at different ways of (4) music so that it
would use less space and could be heard on a much smaller machine. Brandenburg worked
together with a team of experts. The project was not easy and there were many problems
along the way. But Brandenburg and his team were (5) to succeed and didnt give (6)
. Finally in 1999, MP3 players became (7) in shops around the world. In the
beginning, MP3 players were very expensive and few people could (8) to buy them.
Fortunately, today they are less expensive and more and more people (9) music from
 the Internet onto their MP3 players. This way they can use them to listen to their favourite
(10) whenever they want.
1. A. huge B. common C. skilled D. remarkable
2. A. method B. machine C. strap D. industry
3. A. influenced B. supported C. built D. contributed
4. A. releasing B. introducing C. recording D. affecting
5. A. convinced B. determined C. concerned D. willing
6. A. up B. down C. out D. away
7. A. existing B. copied C. free D. available
8. A. afford B. pay C. cost D. charge
9. A. recharge B. develop C. download D. make
10. A. contribution B. tracks C. collection D. performances

281 MAN ESCAPES FROM PRISON

In November 2008, there was a big (1) for a man who had escaped from a
prison in Germany. The criminal had (2) to escape by getting into a large box. The box
was (3) from the prison by a lorry driver who was sent by a special messenger service.
A short time after the lorry left the prison, the prisoner got out of the box and jumped off the
lorry. Later, the driver noticed that something was wrong, and he (4) contacted the
police.
Detectives said that the (5) showed that the prisoner had not planned the escape
(6) his own. (7) to one investigator, the escaped prisoner is (8) to be
hiding with friends. Prison (9) were very embarrassed by the escape. One prison official
(10) that she had been complaining about the poor security in the prison for some
time but nothing was done about it.
1.
9. A.
A. reaction
bodies B.
B. search
witnesses C.
C. recovery
applicants D.
D. location
authorities
2.
10. A.
A. committed
analysed B.
B. succeeded
replied C.
C. managed
commented D.
D. assisted
told
3. A. caught up B. picked up C. taken back D. put on
4. A. accusingly B. regularly C. incredibly D. immediately
282 FEELING TIRED
5. A. evidence B. treatment C. condition D. damage
A year ago Laura reached her lowest point. Utterly exhausted after a short walk, she
6. A. by B. on C. for D. at
was (1) up off the pavement and driven home by the police. My feet felt nailed to
7. A. According B. Depending C. Indicating D. Claiming
the ground,she recalls. With permanent flu (2) _, panic stricken and confined to a
8. A. probably B. exactly C. likely D. possibly
wheelchair, she was eventually diagnosed as having fatigue syndrome, the term doctors now
use for her illness. Laura, a 30-year-old marketing manager, has since made a remarkable (3)
 in her health. She is now able to walk manager, swims twenty lengths three times a
week and is (4) going back to work. She (5) her new-found sense of well-being
down to a technique called cognitive behaviour therapy. CBT aims to help people understand
how the beliefs they (6) about themselves and others influence mood and behaviour
and how re-evaluating negative beliefs can help them to feel and behave differently. It has
been successful in dealing with problems ranging from depression to chronic, unexplained
pain. Research shows that CBT can also help people that their (8) is physical not
psychological. Psychological therapy, they believe, implies that they are to (9) and
their disorder is not genuine. Laura says CBT helped her change the way she thought about
her problems without implying that they were her fault. It was an allor-nothing thinker
and felt I had to be perfect in everything. The therapy has encouraged a less perfectionist
approach to life and helped me gradually to (10) up more physical activity.
1. A. collected B. picked C. taken D. moved
2. A. indications B. signs C. symptoms D. characteristics
3. A. renewal B. recovery C. return D. restoration
4. A. reflecting B. regarding C. contemplating D. judging
5. A. puts B. gets C. takes D. turns
6. A. carry B. possess C. keep D. keep
7. A. intensively B. bitterly C. extremely D. severely
8. A. condition B. state C. case D. circumstance
9. A. criticise B. accuse C. blame D. disapprove
10. A. mount B. grow C. develop D. build

283 RECLAIMED FROM THE SEA

 A recent story that has made front-page in the UK is the plan to flood land on the east
coast of England. Following (1) with local people, The Royal Society for the
Protection c f Birds (RSPB) has announced that it (2) to buy a large area of farmland
and turn it into a wildlife reserve. The flat land has been farmed ever since the Dutch (3)
to build a wall around it 500 years ago, (4) a single island where previously
there had been five. Now the plan is to make gaps in this wall, (5) the sea come back
in to cover the land to a depth of 50 centimetres. This, according to the RSPB, will (6)
to the return of many kinds of birds, fish, wild plants and animals that used to live there
before it when as dried out. The scheme also flooding, as sea level continues to (8) .
The RSPB hopes to (9) _ public awareness of this problem by (10) people to visit
the area when the work has been completed.
1. A. discussion B. comprehension C. participation D. information
2. A. considers B. arranges C. intends D. commits
3. A. succeeded B. achieved C. reached D. managed
4. A. bringing B. creating C. doing D. setting
5. A. getting B. allowing C. forcing D. letting
6. A. produce B. cause C. lead D. happen
7. A. change B. alteration C. difference D. replacement
8. A. lift B. rise C. climb D. ascend
9. A. remind B. recollect C. raise D. restore
10. A. making B. encouraging C. advertising D. having

284 HOW REAL IS REAL?

Scientist say that (1) the next thirty years we wont be able to tell the difference
between real people and virtual people (2) _ is, people created by computer. These
virtual humans are already in films and computer games and engineers are (3) setting
up experiments to see if they can develop a (4) , feeling, virtual person. And the
prediction is that these virtual people will be better than us humans because they are (5)
a machine they can (6) data and remember it much better than we can. In
addition, they are starting to look much more like us. They are already used to (7)
research that may be dangerous for humans, such as on equipment for the army. The
virtuals are very are very good at (8) procedures exactly so scientists can get
reliable results. Engineers are carrying out further tests to find out how to get the virtual
 beings to understand conversation. At the moment we can only talk to them by typing. But,
if you will find more and more sites (10) to virtual humans we are just at the
beginning of what they can do.
1. A. within B. for C. about D. during
2. A. who B. which C. that D. it
3. A. nowadays B. currently C. presently D. momentarily
4. A. speculating B. thoughtfull C. thinking D. mindful
5. A. basically B. originally C. ultimately D. surely
6. A. gather B. accumulate C. amss D. collect
7. A. proceed B. conduct C. convey D. lead
8. A. following B. obeying C. comply D. pursue
9. A. click B. ride C. seek D. surf
10. A. contributed B. dedicated C. devoted D. attributed

285 ROBIN WILLIAMS ANOTHER COMIC GENIUS

Robin Williams was creative and gifted from an early age. He was a(n) (1)
child and at school was always a (2) pupil: he wrested, ran cross-country and worked
hard at his studies. When he was sixteen his father took early retirement and (3) the
family to Tiborn, near San Francisco. While Robin was studying at Claremont Mens College,
he (4) theatre and, as a result, he abandoned his books. (5) his father
was at first very displeased when Robin won a full scholarship to New Yorks (6)
Julliard Drama School, he did not stand in his (7) . Robin stayed in New York for a
couple of years then he (8) to San Francisco, a city he has lived in to this day, and one
for which he feels real (9) . For him, its the most beautiful city in the world and a great
place to (10) kids.
1.
9. A.
A. imaginative
attraction B. imaginary
B. affection C. fantastic
C. nostalgia D. mythical
D. connection
2.
10. A.
A. classic
grow B. spoilt
B. grow up C. superior
C. raise D. model
D. rise
3. A. drove B. travelled C. moved D. fetched
4. A. succeeded B. found C. performed D. discovered
286 ACCESSORIES FOR SALE
5. A. However B. Although C. Moreover D. As
Made (1) good quality cowhide, this unisex belt bag is ideal for travelling or
6. A. famous B. known C. admired D. respectful
any other energetic outdoor pursuit where it is beneficial to have both hands (2) .
7. A. track B. road C. route D. way
8. A. arrived B. stayed C. returned D. lived
 Compact and lightweight, the bag (3) 8x4 1/2 and fits up to a 41 waist. The main
zipped section, and a flapover compartment with pop fastening are large enough to (4)
sunglasses, a passport, a small camera and more. There is also a small zipper pocket (5)
for coins. Available in black, navy and brown for 15.50, (6) is included. Our
slim, hideaway travel wallet is (7) to slot over a belt and sit securely in position under
trousers or a skirt. Features (8) a strong stitched band, a full length zipped pocket for
notes, travel cards etc, and a small zipped section which is ideal for postage stamps or a key.
Measuring a compact 7x4, this (9) black leather wallet is available for only 5.95.
Return within seven days for a (10) if not completely satisfied.
1. A. off B. by C. from D. of
2. A. lose B. free C. available D. loose
3. A. weighs B. rates C. counts D. measures
4. A. take B. hold C. include D. contain
5. A. able B. appropriate C. suitable D. enough
6. A. transport B. delivery C. sending D. conveyance
7. A. designed B. planned C. proposed D. aimed
8. A. comprise B. contain C. include D. embrace
9. A. refined B. intriguing C. subtle D. neat
10. A. refund B. compensation C. repayment D. guarantee

287 A MUSICAL CITY

Strolling to the end of Narodni brought us to Wenceslas Square, which is really a(n)
boulevard, dominated at one end by a(n) (2) statue of the good king in front of
the National Museum. Concerts are (3) there every evening and (4) , the
audience sits on the stairs a(n) (5) feature at other venues of the museums main hall.
Wherever you go in central Prague, you will be (6) bits of paper (7) the virtues
of various rival concerts, which are a feature of this (8) city. Most of the concerts last
about an hour and revolve around the more popular classics. (9) musical evenings take
place at St. Francis of Assisi at the approach to the King Charles Bridge. These tend to be a
little heavier, however, (10) the work of more serious composers such as Bach.
1. A. extensive B. immense C. ample D. broad
2. A. inspiring B. touching C. impressive D. stirring
3. A. contained B. taken C. retained D. held
4. A. traditionally B. historically C. conventionally D. ordinarily
5. A. normal B. common C. public D. usual
6. A. handed B. passed C. circulated D. provided
7. A. supporting B. applauding C. commending D. extolling
8. A. vibrant B. virulent C. vigorous D. virile
9. A. Customary B. Typical C. Routine D. Regular
10. A. exhibiting B. featurig C. exposing D. showing

288 JOIN OUR TEAM

Are you enjoying your flight with us? Then why not think about joining us? We are a
friendly company, proud of the service we offer passengers on (1) our scheduled and
charter flights. We select our cabin crew with great (2) - you wouldnt be just a nuber,
you would be an important (3) of our team.
MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS:
You must be 19 to 34 years old and 160 cm to 187 cm tall (with weight in proportion
to height). You must have achieved a good (4) of education, be capable of swimming
23 metres and be medically fit.
Here are some typical questions that our cabin creware asked:
What hours do you works? Very varied. We do shift (5) which involves early
morning, afternoon or night flights.
What is the best thing about the job? A very respectable (7) . Theres a flying
allowance for the duration of your day, allowances for languages, nursing skills and
commission.
 What training is needed? Five intensive weeks. It involves cabin service, (8)
(including fire fighting, aircraft evacuation and life raft skills) and first aid. (9) of the
 training is in the classroom; however, time is spent in our mock aircraft cabin at head office
in Luton.
Do you need any personal qualities? You need to be calm and approachable and
enjoy working with the (10) .
1. A. both B. each C. either D. any
2. A. search B. time C. care D. examination
3. A. piece B. part C. item D. single
4. A. evidence B. proof C. achievement D. standard
5. A. job B. work C. hour D. employment
6. A. one B. other C. next D. every
7. A. salary B. earning C. pay D. money
8. A. safety B. emergency C. accident D. disaster
9. A. Majority B. More C. Several D. Most
10. A. public B. tourist C. people D. passenger

289

This western region, lying next to the ocean, has some of the most beautiful scenery in
the entire country. Although there are some small villages along the (1) , it is a long
way to the nearest big town. No railways or motorways connect this region with the rest of the
world, so it feels quite (2) here. To the north, the huge White Mountains almost cut the
region off from the flat (3) of the interior. The only way through them is over a high
pass and down a narrow river (4) . This is a particularly beautiful area, with spectacular
white (5) on either side as streams tumble from the mountains high above.
All around are dense (6) of pine trees, covered in snow in winter, and eventually the
river pours into a lovely blue (7) , over a kilometre in width. From there to the sea there
is a series of green (8) , full of wild flowers in spring, and then a line of (9) , built
up over the centuries by the winds sweeping in from the ocean and across the sand. Behind
these lies a small blue (10) once part of the ocean and still filled with sea water.
1.
6. A.
A. beach
hedges B.
B. coast
bushes C.
C. area
fences D.
D. shore
forests
2.
7. A.
A. cosmopolitan
beach B.
B. urban
lake C.
C. crowded
puddle D.
D. isolated
pond
3.
8. A.
A. plains
fields B.
B. shores
ground C.
C. dunes
beaches D.
D. hills
lands
4.
9. A.
A. beach
peaks B.
B. gap
deserts C.
C. valley
dunes D.
D. slope
mountains
5. A. waterfalls B. tides C. currents D. channels
 10. A. bath B. pond C. river D. lagoon

OUTWARD BOUND
Seventeen year-old Cameron Davies loves adventure and loves being outdoors. Last
summer he joined an Outward Bound programme. This was an (1) opportunity for
Cameron to learn both how to manage in the wilderness and how to work with other teens.
He spent three weeks camping in the mountains of Scotland with a group of young people
age 16-24 and a (2) _ trained instructor. It was a (3) Outward Bound camp and
included activities like climbing and canoeing.
At first, Cameron found it strange being away from the city, but he soon got (4)
to the peace and (5) _ of the mountains. The instructor arranged special activities (6)
the young people to work as part of a team. Moreover, Cameron developed (7)
skills. sometimes I had to make decisions for my team, he says, like where we should
camp for the night. I had a hard (8) at first but then I started to feel really sure of
myself. Like many other young people before him, Cameron went home with a greater (9)
of his own worth. He says he will always look (10) o the time he spent with
Outward Bound as a valuable experience.
1. A. informative B. useful C. attractive D. ideal
2. A. greatly B. highly C. fully D. mostly
3. A. typical B. similar C. natural D. common
4. A. familiar B. known C. used D. keen
5. A. silence B. nuture C. calm D. quiet
6. A. letting B. managing C. encouraging D. achieving
7. A. championship B. leadership C. greatness D. ruler
8. A. time B. day C. problem D. difficulty
9. A. ability B. sense C. knowledge D. admiration
10. A. down B. forward C. up D. back
 291 THE HISTORY OF BEACH VOLLEYBALL
Beach volleyball is played by people around the world. For some, it is a serious sport.
For others, it is simply an enjoyable (1) which helps them to (2) fit. It was
probably first played in Hawaii in 1915. (3) , surfers played this game once in a (4)
, as they were waiting for the right kind of waves to go surfing. But it soon
developed into a more serious game and matches started taking place (5) _ .
Later the game reached California and in 1920, people began playing beach volleyball
there. They discovered it was a great way to work (6) and get plenty of (7)
air at the same time. Another reason for the games (8) was that it was very cheap.
Soon, volleyball nets began appearing on beaches in California and interest in the sport (9)
.
At first, there were six player on each side as in indoor volleyball. But one day in
1930, when only four people turned up for a match, they (10) to play two on each
side-which is how we play the game today.
1. A. activity B. athlete C. method D. habit
2. A. make B. do C. keep D. take
3. A. Luckily B. Particularly C. Properly D. Apparently
4. A. time B. day C. while D. week
5. A. regularly B. successfully C. correctly D. probably
6. A. off B. up C. on D. out
7. A. clean B. fresh C. cool D. good
8. A. benefit B. attention C. popularity D. fun
9. A. strengthened B. repeated C. improved D. grew
10. A. considered B. decided C. included D. explained

292 A NOBEL PLACE PRIZEWINNER

In the 1970s, an African woman called Wangari Maathai set herself the (1) of
saving Africas forests. Her first step was to plant nine trees in her garden. Next, she (2)
an organization called The Green Bee Movement to (3) other people to plant
trees. Soon people (4) Africa were following her example and more than 30 million
trees were planted.
 Maathai, who studied at university in America, is a (5) educated woman. In
addition to her work to protect the environment, Maathai also worked hard to help women
in
 her country, Kenya, improve their life. In 2004, this unique woman won the Nobel Peace
Prize for her many (6) . Maathai was working in Kenya when she heard the news.
Speaking in her native language of Kikuyu, she told a group of about 200 women about
(7)
the prize. These were (8) women without much education. They had never
heard of the Nobel Prize, but when she told them that winners of the prize get 1.3 million
dollars, they all laughed aloud with pleasure!
Wangari Maathai has (9) done a lot to help her country and all of Africa, and
she can look (10) on her achievements with pride.
1. A. way B. goal C. destiny D. ambition
2. A. established B. gathered C. assisted D. led
3. A. appeal B. achieve C. set D. encourage
4. A. throughout B. over C. during D. into
5. A. seriously B. highly C. mosty D. greatly
6. A. ideals B. benefits C. opportunities D.
accomplishments
7. A. receiving B. picking C. giving D. pulling
8. A. quiet B. similar C. authentic D. simple
9. A. eventually B. certainly C. exactly D. just
10. A. down B. forward C. back D. up

293 A VERY USEFUL BAG

Imagine you are walking to school listening to music on your MP3 player. All of a
sudden, it stops working and you (1) that the batteries have run out. Wouldnt it be
wonderful if you could simply (2) the batteries wherever you are? This might be
possible (3) a few years time as scientists are now working on a bag that makes
electricity. They say that all someone needs to do is (4) the bag on their back and start
walking. The movement of the body makes electricity in a special part of the bag. This new
(5) sounds like a (6) idea, doesnt it? Scientists developed the electric
backpack in (7) to help soldiers, who often carry around with them torches, radios
and other equipment. All these things (8) on batteries and at the moment, the soldiers
(9) \ on these batteries to supply the power this equipment needs. With the electric
backpack , the soldiers wont need to carry extra batteries around with them. Rescue
workers and mountain climbers will also find the bag useful, as will students who dont want
their MP3 player to run out by (10) on their way to school.
1. A. consider B. realise C. explain D. decide
2. A. fill B. switch C. recharge D. plug
3. A. in B. to C. at D. to
4. A. base B. bring C. put D. take
5. A. contribution B. method C. discovery D. invetion
6. A. skilled B. talented C. brilliant D. strong
7. A. order B. purpose C. hope D. hurry
8. A. run B. draw C. take D. complete
9. A. but B. base C. use D. rely
10. A. time B. chance C. heart D. good

HAVE YOU GOT WHAT IT TAKES TO JOIN THE FIRE BRIGDE?

Firefighters do not only put out fires and rescue people burning building. They also
(1) other emergency services. For example, at traffic accidents they rescue people
from cars. Moreover, whenever there is an emergency like a flood, they (2) an
important role by keeping people (3) .
You dont need to attend college or university to join the fire brigade; in this job
physical fitness is much more important than an academic (4) . A firefighter must be
strong enough to carry people from burning buildings and to lift heavy equipment. Fitness is
also important as fighting fires can be exhausting. Firefighters cant stop and rest whenever
they feel tired. If they do, the fire will (5) and put peoples lives at risk or cause (6)
to other buildings. The right kind of (7) is also necessary; firefighters need have
confidence, be dependable and enjoy working as part of a team. They also have to be able to
work under pressure and (8) calm in difficult situations for example, when entering a
smoke-filled building to (9) and rescue someone.
Anyone who wants to join the fire brigade should check the local fire brigades
website to find out (10) what they need to do to apply.
1.
5. A.
A. inform
develop B.
B. offer
increase C.
C. consult
spread D.
D. assist
strike
2.
6. A.
A. take
damage B.
B. make
problem C.
C. do
injury D.
D. play
trouble
3.
7. A.
A. safe
appearance B.
B. sure
sense C.
C. brave
trait D.
D. secure
personality
4. A. paper B. dgree C. diploma D. skill
 8. A. have B. get C. stay D. become
9. A. search B. reveal C. look D. locate
10. A. correctly B. exactly C. properly D. probably

295 MODERN SHOPPERS

Online shopping offers consumers the opportunity to shop from the (1) of their
own home. According to those who sit at their computer and shop, the greatest benefit of this
is that it (2) time. They feel it is quicker to surf the Internet in search of goods than to
travel to and from traditional retail outlets to do (3) shopping.
In addition to (4) the amount of time spent shopping, the Internet also provides
consumers with the chance to make purchases from shops around the world. The (5) of
goods available on the Internet is far greater than that available even in the largest of
shopping centres.
Moreover, purchases can be made without the interference of sales staff, (6)
presence is often unwanted. How many of us have returned from a shopping trip with
something we didnt really want? We have often been talked into buying it by a highly (7)
sales assistant. The online shopper, however, can spend hours looking at the goods (8)
sale in one shop without feeling under any obligation to buy. A further advantage is
that they are not limited by the (9) times of shops and can buy goods at any time of the
day or night.
However, a number of disadvantages to online shopping have also been identified.
Clothing, for instance, cannot be tried on prior to being ordered. Although clothes which do
not (10) can be returned, doing so may be somewhat inconvenient. A further drawback
is that its impossible for buyers to see and feel materials (11) in the manufacture of
goods. Therefore, the product that arrives on the buyers doorstep (12) fail to live up to
expectations.
1.
5. A.
A. convenience
abundance B.
B. advantage
number C.
C. benefit
variely D.
D. comfort
mass
2.
6. A.
A. makes
whose B.
B. saves
which C.
C. wastes
whom D.
D. wins
who
3.
7. A.
A. much
persuaded B.
B. any
persuading C.
C. apersuasive D.
D. their
persuasion
4.
8. A.
A. reducing
in B.
B. increasing
at C.
C. losing
by D.
D. dropping
on
9. A. open B. opening C. farther D. closer
10. A. buy B. like C. fit D. go
11. A. used B. have used C. using D. been used
12. A. need B. may C. should D. must
296 IS TEACHING MORE STREETFUL THAN OTHER JOBS?
Despite the doubters, it seems there is (1) which suggest it is. (2) years
ago the Health and Safety Executive published a report from Cardiff University which, (3)
other things, compared stress levels in different (4) . The study, The Scale of
Occupational Stress, found that 20% of people reported high levels of stress (5) work.
Teachers topped this particular league table, with 41% reporting high (6) _ of stress.
This survey was based on peoples self-evaluation of stress. Some of the more skeptical non-
teachers might say it proves nothing (7) that teacher complain more than others. But if
teachers feel unhappy, this will have an (8) on the children they teach, as well as on
recruitment and retention levels, not to (9) the cost of for sick leave. So those who
point to teachers long holiday are (10) the point. This is not a (11) for who
works the most days or the longest hours, or even who is under the greatest pressure to
deliver results, but (12) about the state of mind of employees.
1. A. evidence B. proof C. hint D. clue
2. A. Few B. A few C. Little D. A little
3. A. halfway B. between C. within D. among
4. A. jobs B. works C. professions D. vocations
5. A. at B. on C. off D. in
6. A. stages B. positions C. ranks D. levels
7. A. apart B. except C. aside D. beside
8. A. impression B. pressure C. impact D. effect
9. A. suggest B. notice C. acknowledge D. mention
10. A. missing B. disregarding C. mistakinng D. ignoring
11. A. contest B. fight C. competition D. struggle
 12. A. instead B. rather C. sooner D. somewhat

297 THE DANCING BIRD

When a video of a dancing bird called Snowball appeared on the Internet on
YouTube, it (1) a lot of interest. People were (2) to see a bird moving to music.
A scientist called Aniruddh Patel wanted to see first-hand (3) Snowball a kind of
parrot really did have a sense of rhythm. He had the (4) to study Snowballs dancing
more carefully when he travelled to the bird rescue centre where Snowball lives. There, he
(5) Snowball dancing to its favourite song Everybody by the Backstreet Boys and
discovered that the bird really could move in time to the (6) of the music. Patel wasnt
the only scientist interested in Snowball. Dr Adena Schachner also carried (7)
experiments involving the bird. As part of her (8) , she played different pieces of music
to Snowball and a parrot named Alex. Eight human volunteers also took (9) in the
experiment, which (10) that Schachner could compare the birds dancing with that of
the human volunteers. She found the birds were just as good at moving to the music as the
humans. Until recently, scientists believed animals were (11) to dance and that only
human (12) had a sense of rhythm. This no longer seems to be true.
1. A. started B. created C. spread D. grew
2. A. satisfied B. impressive C. amazed D. thoughtful
3. A. how B. whether C. unless D. when
4. A. opportunity B. ambition C. motivation D. research
5. A. showed B. approached C. observed D. looked
6. A. beat B. hit C. track D. song
7. A. off B. up C. in D. out
8. A. objective B. discovery C. study D. laboratory
9. A. role B. place C. care D. part
10. A. enabled B. meant C. allowed D. contributed
11. A. unlikely B. taught C. willing D. unable
12. A. beings B. species C. kinds D. creatures

298 SAVING THE WHALE

 A humpback whale has been freed from fishing nets in what marine experts (1)
was a rare and remarkable encounter.
 The 50-ton whale had been (2) for Baja California when it became trapped. At
8:30 on Sunday morning, a crab fisherman alerted the Marine Mammal Centre and (3)
that the creature (4) _ in trouble.
When rescuers reached the whale, they realized they had to dive into the water and cut
the ropes. it was a (5) _ situation, explained Moskito, One flick of a humpback s
massive tail can skill a man.
The divers (6) about an hour cutting the ropes, and in the end everything (7)
out fine. According to Moskito; the whale had several deep (8) but floated
quietly the (9) time: When I was cutting near its mouth, it stayed completely still,
(10) me. It was a fantastic moment.
When the whale (11) it was free, it swam to each diver. it seemed affectionate,
like a dog thats happy to see you, Moskito went on. I never felt (12) _ at all. It was an
amazing, unbelievable experience.
1. A. replied B. told C. asked D. said
2. A. going B. swimming C. heading D. traveling
3. A. explained B. enquired C. aksed D. commanded
4. A. is B. has been C. was D. was being
5. A. harmful B. dangerous C. wounding D. destructive
6. A. spent B. passed C. lasted D. stayed
7. A. finished B. turned C. ended D. resulted
8. A. upsets B. sprain C. bruises D. cuts
9. A. whole B. all C. full D. total
10. A. seeing B. looking C. staring D. watching
11. A. appreciated B. realised C. learned D. identified
12. A. scary B. endangered C. threatened D. frightening

299 MULTITASKING CHILDREN

The trend for children to multitask by juggling all sorts of electronic gadgets at the
same time is seriously damaging their levels of concentration, scientists have warned. (1)
use of the Internet, iPods, mobile phones and DVDs (2) behind that finding.
Scientists have (3) the belief of many parents that it is impossible to concentrate on
more than one thing at the same time. They found that children (4) homework while
 sending messages via the Internet can (5) up spending 50% longer than if they had
done each task. (6) _.
David E Meyer, Professor of Cognitive Psychology at the University of Michigan,
said that true multitasking is (7) possible for simple activities such as ironing and
listening to the radio. He (8) experiments demonstrating that young adults who had to
(9) from one maths problem to another wasted significant amounts of time. Meyer
said: For situations (10) more complex tasks, especially those requiring language, the
total time taken to get all the tasks done will increase (11) . Over long periods, this kind
of multitasking can stress you out and (12) to mental and physical exhaustion.
1. A. Heightening B. Rocketing C. Ascending D. Leaping
2. A. lies B. rests C. stands D. sits
3. A. assured B. guaranteed C. confirmed D. authorized
4. A. tackling B. engaging C. attending D. undergoing
5. A. turn B. come C. use D. end
6. A. apart B. distinctly C. separately D. aside
7. A. merely B. purely C. simply D. only
8. A. set B. ran C. took D. put
9. A. switch B. alter C. interrupt D. exchange
10. A. consisting B. containing C. meaning D. involving
11. A. largely B. widely C. greatly D. highly
12. A. result B. lead C. proceed D. bring

300 BRITAINS FIRST SHOPPING CENTRE

th
Brent Cross Shopping Centre in London recently celebrated its 30 anniversary,
rewarding 36 staff who have worked there since it opened with gifts. Brent Cross was the
first large-scale indoor shopping centre in Britain and many (1) it would be a (2)
failure. Instead, the centre, with its 75 stores, started a shopping (3) in Britain.
They said it (4) no chance of becoming popular, but in the first week it was
packed, you couldnt move in here, and thats how its (5) on, said George Dorman,
68, who has been working as a fruit and vegetable sales assistants at the Waitrose store since
it opened. Its a (6) achievement and Ive enjoyed every (7) minute of it, he
 said. The company has been very supportive and they help you (8) . Its a very secure
job.
Sisters Jeanette Harris and Lydia Neidus have both been working as sales assistants at
the Fenwicks store since the centre opened. Mr Neidus said: Its just the most wonderfull
achievement. I mean, I (11) as if it was (12) yesterday when I started and Ive
loved every minute. The proof of that is that Im still here and still working.
1. A. estimated B. awaited C. predicted D. assessed
2. A. whole B. true C. full D. complete
3. A. novelty B. revolution C. conversion D. alteration
4. A. stood B. took C. ran D. held
5. A. stayed B. moved C. carried D. stuck
6. A. high B. great C. large D. vast
7. A. actual B. separate C. individual D. single
8. A. out B. on C. up D. off
9. A. develop B. reach C. arrive D. grow
10. A. increased B. gained C. raised D. expanded
11. A. sense B. seem C. feel D. find
12. A. just B. simply C. hardly D. quite

301 NEIGHBOURS INFLUENCE BUYING DECISIONS

However objective we believe ourselves to be, most of us do not judge a product
solely on its merits, considering quality, value and style before making a decision. (1) ,
were are easily influenced by the people around us.
There is nothing (2) _ with this. It is probably a smarter way to made decisions
than (3) on only our own opinions. But it does make life hard for companies. They
have (4) understood that groups of friends and relatives tend to buy the same products,
but understanding the reasons has been tricky. Is it because they are so similar with (5)
to how much money they make and what television ads they watch that they independently
(6) at the same decision? Or do they copy one another, perhaps (7) envy or
perhaps because they have shared information about the products?
 Research in Finland recently found overwhelming evidence that neighbour have a big
influence on buying decisions. When one of a persons ten nearest neighbours bought a car,
the (8) that person would buy a car of the same brand during the next week and a half
(9) by 86 percent. The researchers argued that it was not just a (10) of envy.
Used cars seemed to attract neighbours even more than new cars. This suggested that
people were not trying to (11) _ up with their
neighbour, they were keen to learn from them. Since used cars are less reliable, a
recommendation of one can (12) influence a buying
1.decision.
A. Instead B. What's more C. Unlike D. In place
2. A. silly B. wrong C. bad D. daft
3. A. relying B. trusting C. supposing D. basing
4. A. ever B. far C. much D. long
5. A. connection B. relation C. regard D. concern
6. A. reach B. come C. get D. arrive
7. A. for B. out of C. as to D. about
8. A. forecast B. potential C. possibilities D. chances
9. A. rose B. boosted C. enlarged D. lifted
10. A. thing B. point C. matter D. fact
11. A. stay B. keep C. hold D. follow
12. A. fiercely B. firmly C. strongly D. intensely

SHE STUDIES WHILE HE PLAYS: TRUE OF CHILDREN AND CHIMPS Little girls
watch and learn, little boys dont pay attention and play around. At least,
this seems to be the (1) _ with chimpanzees, according to new research.
Chimpanzees in the wild (2) to snack on termites, and youngsters learn to fish
for them by poking long sticks and other (3) _ tools into the mounds that chimps in the
Gombe National Park in Tazania learnt how to do termit fishing at the age of 31 months,
more than two years earlier than the males.
The females seem to learnt by watching their mothers, Researcher Dr. Elisabeth V.
Lonsdorf, director of field conservation t the Lincoln Park Zoo in Chicago, said that it is (5)
to find that, when a young male and female are near a mound, shes really focusing
on termite fishing an hes spinning himself round (6) circles. Dr. Lansdorf and
colleagues are studying chimpanzees at the zoo with a new, (7) created termite mound,
filled with mustard (8) _ than termites. On the first day, adult females were getting at
the mustard and a young female watched carefully and began to (9) the skills. Two
young males did not do as well as the females one simply sat next to his mother and tried to
 (10) some mustard from her, Dr. Lansdorf said. The behaviour of both saxes may
seem
(11) to many parents, she said, adding, The sex difference we found in the chimps
are
(12) to some off the findings from human child development research.
1. A. Event B. matter C. fact D. case
2. A. delight B. like C. enjoy D. fancy
3. A. relative B. connected C. close D. similar
4. A. by B. on C. at D. for
5. A. ordinary B. regular C. typical D. frequent
6. A. in B. with C. to D. through
7. A. distinctly B. particularly C. singly D. specailly
8. A. rather B. else C. other D. instead
9. A. come to B. find out C. pick up D. take on
10. A. steal B. grasp C. grip D. rob
11. A. acquainted B. familiar C. recognized D. known
12. A. corresponding B. alike C. indentical D. matching

303 NATURES CLOCKS

Our biological clocks govern almost every aspect of our lives. Our sensitivity to
stimuli (1) over the course of the day, and our ability to perform certain functions is
subject to fluctuations. Consequently, there is a(n) (2) time for tasks such as making
decisions: around the middle of the day. Anything that (3) physical co-ordination, on
other hand, is best attempted in the early evening. What is (4) , there is a dramatic
drop in performance if these activities are (5) out at other times. The risk of accident in a
factory, for example, is 20% higher during the night (6) .
Primitive human lived their lives in tune with the daily cycle of light and dark. Today
we are (7) convinced that we can impose schedules on our lives at will. Sooner or
later, however, we pay a (8) for ignoring our natural rhythms. A good example is jet
lag, caused when we confuse our bodys biological clocks by (9) several time zones.
People suffering from jet lag can take several days to adjust to new time zones, and have a
reduced ability to make decisions, which is a worrying thought, as serious (10) of
judgement can be made. And this may be just the (11) of the iceberg. An increasing
(12) of people suffer from seasonal affective disorder (SAD), a form of depression that
 can be triggered by living in artificial conditions. SAD can be serious, and sufferers may even
need to take antidepressant drugs.
1. A. modifies B. varies C. ranges D. wavers
2. A. optimum B. summit C. maximum D. peak
3. A. requests B. dictates C. demands D. stipulates
4. A. else B. more C. different D. up
5. A. made B. done C. performed D. carried
6. A. labour B. work C. shift D. duty
7. A. firmly B. powerfully C. steadily D. highly
8. A. cost B. fine C. fee D. price
9. A. landing B. penetrating C. crossing D. travelling
10. A. errors B. mistakes C. inaccuracies D. fallacies
11. A. peak B. tip C. top D. pinnacle
12. A. amount B. quantity C. proportion D. number

304 MODERN BARGING

There has been a fundamental change in the way the canals of Britain are used. The
(1) network of canals that covers much of the country (2) back to the industrial
revolution, when goods were transported along these routes. The canals themselves, the (3)
waterways of the country, were dug by teams of men. This was no (4) feat in
the days before mechanized diggers. It was also necessary to construct a system of locks,
which raise and lower boats so they can (5) with the varying height of the canals
themselves. Barges simple boats without engines were used to carry the freight, and
horses would (6) along the side of the canal pulling these vessels. Many of the people
working on the boats would themselves live on the water, in a long boat with cramped living
quarters: a narrowboat.
As the railways and roads (7) in popularity as ways of transporting freight, the
canals feel into (8) ; many of them because (9) with weeds and rubbish. But over
the last few decades Britain appears to have rediscovered these (10) of engineering. A
growing number of people each year sample the delights of canal holidays. Narrowboats can
be (11) up to be very comfortable, and these days they are (12) _ by an engine
and not pulled by a horse.
 1. A. extensive B. far-flung C. ample D. widespread
2. A. comes B. looks C. dates D. throws
3. A. inland B. inbuilt C. internal D. interior
4. A. modest B. tiny C. minor D. mean
5. A. balance B. cope C. cmpensate D. handle
6. A. stroll B. canter C. trudge D. meander
7. A. obtained B. increased C. gained D. assumed
8. A. negligence B. obsolescence C. redundancy D. disuse
9. A. impeded B. choked C. hindered D. congested
10. A. monuments B. testimonies C. constructions D. records
11. A. customised B. worked C. done D. converted
12. A. equipped B. supplied C. drawn D. powered

305 THE VIDEO LOGGERS

One rather unlikely word that has recently entered the languages is blog, a
shortened form of web blog. A blog is a diary (1) on the Internet by the person
writing it the blogger who presumably (2) _ other people to read it. It is ironical
that modern technology is being used to (3) _ new life into such an old-fashioned form
as the personal journal. And now, as the technology behind video cameras is making them
easier to use. We have the video log, or vlog. Vlogging does not require (4)
sophisticated equipment: a digital video camera, a high-speed Internet connection and a host
are all that is needed. Vloggers can put anything that (5) their fancy onto their
personal web site. Some vloggers have no ambitions (6) than to show films they have
shot while on holiday in exotic places. However, vlogs can also (7) _ more ambitious
purposes. For instance, amateur film-makers who want to make a (8) for themselves
might publish their work on the Internet, eager to receive advice or criticism. And
increasingly, vlogs are being used to (9) political and social issues that are not
newsworthy enough to (10) coverage by the mass media. It is still too early to predict
whether vlogging will ever (11) off in a major way or if it is just a passing fad, but its
(12) is only now becoming apparent.
1. A. released B. sent C. mounted D. posted
2. A. expects B. believes C. assumes D. supposes
 3. A. add B. inhale C. insert D. breathe
4. A. absolutely B. highly C. utterly D. largely
5. A. grasps B. appeals C. gives D. takes
6. A. except B. other C. rather D. apart
7. A. function B. employ C. serve D. play
8. A. name B. fame C. publicity D. promote
9. A. emphasise B. distribute C. publicise D. circulate
10. A. earn B. warrant C. excuse D. cause
11. A. fly B. take C. show D. make
12. A. ability B. possibility C. potential D. feasibility

306 ALL IN THE STARS

First-time visitors to India are likely to be impressed by how profoundly astrology
influences almost every (1) of life on the subcontinent. In fact, the belief that the
motions of remote heavenly bodies can affect events on Earth is so (2) that several
Indian universities (3) courses in the subject. It is not, therefore, surprising that many
people will (4) an astrologer before they take any important step. For examples,
Indian marriages are arranged with the aid of an astrologer, who will cast the horoscopes of
the bride and groom, and also (5) out the best date for the wedding to take place. A
few years ago in Delh, thousands of priests, brass bands and wedding photographers were in
short supply.
There role of astrology is not (7) only to the social aspects of Indian life. Few
people (8) business without resorting to their astrologer. Major films are only (9)
on auspicious dates. Even (10) of state are not exempt from its influence:
when India (11) her independence from Britain in 1947, the (12) of power
was carefully timed to take place after a particularly inauspicious period had passed.
1.
8. A.
A. division
engage B.
B. angle
perform C.
C. facet
carry D.
D. sector
conduct
2.
9. A.
A. capacious
released B.
B. overwhelming
published C.
C. intensive
aired D.
D. widespread
revealed
3.
10. A.
A. offer
cases B.
B. afford
affairs C.
C. supply
issues D.
D. serve
topics
4.
11. A.
A. interrogate
grabbed B.
B. confer
procured C.
C. consult
gained D.
D. interview
captured
5.
12. A.
A. make
transfer B.
B. work
inheritance C.
C. calculate
succession D.
D. determine
delivery
6. A. effect B. outcome C. upshot D. result
7. A. demarcated B. confined C. bound D. restrained
307 MOUTAIN RESCUE
 Last year over 200 climbers were recued from the mountains of Scotland alone by
local rescue teams, who go out in all weathers to do whatever they can to help when disaster
(1) . These people are volunteers, giving their time and energy freely and, on (2)
, putting themselves in danger. They will risk life and (3) in an emergency
when they are (4) _ on to rescue foolhardy or unlucky climbers.
A whole (5) of thing can go wrong up in the mountains. A storm can (6)
up without warning, reducing visibility to virtually zero. Then only the most
experienced mountaineer cold find their way back down to safety. And it is easy to come to
grief, breaking a leg or worse. Many climbers owe a huge (7) of gratitude to the
rescue teams!
While rescue teams work for no pay, there are considerable costs (8) _ in
maintaining an efficient service. Equipment such as ropes and stretchers is of (9)
importance, as were vehicles and radio communications devices. (10) some of the
costs are borne by the government, the rescue teams couldnt operate without donations from
the public. Fortunately, fundraising for a good (11) like this is not difficult; anyone
who has ever been up in the mountains will gladly (12) a contribution.
1.
11. A.
A. hits
effect B.
B. rises
exploit C.
C. strikes
reason D.
D. arrives
cause
2.
12. A.
A. situation
make B.
B. event
take C.
C. moment
do D.
D. occasion
hand
3. A. blood B. limb C. bone D. flesh
4. A. brought B. beckoned C. summoned D. called
308 A NEW LOOK A THE MIDDLE AGES
5. A. scope B. extent C. range D. scale
The Institute for Medieval Studies is holding a series of lectures to generate interest
6. A. brew B. arise C. whip D. lash
in a period of history which is all too often (1) _. It is hoped that these lectures will (2)
7. A. recognition B. debt C. liability D. obligation
some of the misconceptions that (3) to this day about the long and eventful
8. A. involved B. implied C. featured D. connected
span of time between the crowing of Charlemagne and the Renaissance.
9. A. lively B. vital C. essential D. vibrant
It is true that Europe was (4) by the plague in the latter part of the fourteenth
10. A. Even B. Despite C. Though D. However
century, while the terrors of the Inquisition cast a grim shadow over the continent. Living (5)
for the majority of people were appalling by modern standards, and life (6)
was low. The peasants suffered under a brutal feudal system and the (7) of learning
was open only the clergy and the small minority who were literate.
However, these (8) negative aspects of medieval life cannot be properly
evaluated unless they are viewed in the broader (9) . The Middle Ages saw the
construction of the magnificent cathedrals that grace so many European cities and the
(10)
 of a middle class. Many institutions we thinks of as modern were a(n) (11)
part of medieval life. Progress was being made in science and technology, and artists were
forging styles that had a powerful and (12) _ influence on subsequent centuries.
1. A. neglected B. abandoned C. subdued D. deserted
2. A. respond B. refuse C. revive D. rectify
3. A. persist B. insist C. consist D. desist
4. A. injured B. ravaged C. wounded D. eliminated
5. A. states B. circumstances C. conditions D. situations
6. A. estimate B. forecast C. prediction D. expectancy
7. A. chase B. pursuit C. desire D. quest
8. A. comprehensively B. potentially C. dubiously D. admittedly
9. A. background B. setting C. context D. environment
10. A. debut B. rise C. introduction D. invention
11. A. integral B. entire C. seamless D. total
12. A. maintaining B. remaining C. enduring D. sustaining

309 VANILLA SURPRISE

 Vanilla is such a common flavor that it comes as a surprise to learn that it is also one
of the worlds most expensive crops. The vanilla in plant is a(n) (1) _ of the Americas.
Its flowers grow in (2) _ , and in nature they are pollinated by hummingbirds and bees.
The (3) seed pods resemble oversized French beans, and develop their (4)
flavor and fragrance during the curing process. After harvesting, the beans are treated with
heat or hot water and are placed in the sun every day for many weeks. When they have (5)
to a fifth of their original size, they are (6) according to size and quality.
Like other spices that we (7) for granted today, vanilla has fascinating history.
In the sixteenth century, the Spanish imported the spice to Europe. However, attempts to
grow vanilla in other locations (8) with failure: the plants would not produce pods,
and it was only when a way was found to pollinate the flowers artificially that the commercial
exploitation of this valuable crop (9) _ under way.
Today vanilla is used in the manufacture of perfumes and cosmetics, as well as in the
culinary arts, where it is often a(n) (10) of puddings. Recently, it has also been used
in more (11) ways. Lobster and vanilla is now a popular dish in certain restaurants
proving that chefs can (12) up with amazing ideas to tickle the taste buds,
1. A. resident B. aborigine C. inhabitant D. native
2. A. groups B. bunches C. teams D. bouquets
3. A. deriving B. arising C. producing D. resulting
4. A. tasteful B. appetising C. distinctive D. potential
5. A. reduced B. shrunk C. diminished D. lessened
6. A. sorted B. split C. divided D. classed
7. A. consider B. do C. make D. take
8. A. met B. resulted C. ended D. finished
9. A. came B. went C. got D. began
10. A. ingredient B. substance C. additive D. element
11. A. different B. fabulous C. unimaginable D. imaginative
12. A. get B. come C. make D. run

310 RAISING AWARENESS

 In cities around the world a wide range of schemes is being instigated to promote
environmental awareness. Its just as easy to (1) of litter properly as it is to drop it
on the streets, says city councilor Mike Edwards, who has (2) on the government to
 mount a concerted campaign to deal with the problem of litter. Its just a matter of
encouraging people to do so as a (3) of course. Once the habit is ingrained, they
wont even (4) they are doing it. After all, think that we have achieved with
recyclable waste in the home. Sorting paper, glass, aluminum and plastic waste and the
depositing it in the appropriated container outside is (5) a great chore any more.
People have become accustomed to doing this, so it doesnt (6) to them
that they are spending any additional time in the process. Only if they have to carry this
waste for some appreciable distance to find a suitable container do they feel they are (7)
_ .
Most people know they should behave in a responsible way and just need (8)
to do so. So a quirky, (9) gimmick might be enough to change behaviour. With this in
(10) , they city of Berlin is introducing bins that say danke, thank you and
merci Berlin is a(n) (11) city when someone drops an item of rubbish into
them. It might just (12) _ the trick in this city, too.
1. A. dispose B. discard C. jettison D. throw
2. A. appealed B. called C. approached D. urged
3. A. principle B. system C. matter D. duty
4. A. notice B. remark C. comprehend D. appreciate
5. A. almost B. barely C. virtually D. harldy
6. A. occur B. concern C. impress D. strike
7. A. imposed B. sacrificed C. complicated D. inconvenienced
8. A. ordering B. prompting C. forcing D. obliging
9. A. subjective B. mundane C. lighthearted D. intense
10. A. context B. mind C. spirit D. thought
11. A. wordly B. mixed C. international D. cosmopolitan
12. A. serve B. do C. make D. play

311 DISAPPEARING ALASKAN SEALS

On a winter afternoon, a dozen male Northern fur seals are on an island off south-
western Alaska. To look at them, fighting for territory on the rocks, its hard to imagine that
they are at the (1) _ of a baffling scientific mystery: why is this species beginning to
disappear?
 These seals which can weigh up to 270 kilograms have an important and symbolic
(2) in Alsakas history. Their soft and luxurious fur, the coveted prize during the
 th
huge commercial sea harvests that were legal here in the Bering Sea through the early 20
century, was once so valuable it (3) Alaskas economy. Starting in the 1950s, for
reasons that are (4) because the harvests by then tended to be fairly small, the seal
population began a slow decline. But lately it has been falling drastically, declining at an
alarming (5) of 6 per cent a year since 1998. From a (6) of more than 2
million in Alaska in 1948, their numbers have fallen to about 1.1 million.
So (7) no one has been to establish a precise for this, although theories (8)
. The seals food supply may be (9) _, or another species may be (10)
on the seals perhaps killer whales, which no longer have as many great whales to eat
because of harvesting of those mammals. Some people have suggested that the decline can be
(11) to entanglement in fishing nets, but scientists say they doubt that this lone could
(12) the recent population decline.
1. A. middle B. inside C. centre D. focus
2. A. location B. situation C. spot D. place
3. A. imspired B. drove C. motivated D. set
4. A. unclear B. unsure C. unsettled D. undecided
5. A. speed B. [ace C. rate D. scale
6. A. summit B. top C. crest D. high
7. A. far B. long C. on D. forth
8. A. flourish B. mushroom C. escalate D. abound
9. A. scarcer B. tighter C. slimmer D. thinner
10. A. devouring B. preying C. hounding D. ravaging
11. A. attributed B. designated C. stipulated D. consigned
12. A. reason with B. answer to C. match up D. account for

312 AN ARTIST WHOSE EGO OBSCURED HIS TALENT

Having declared himself a genius while in his twenties, Salvador Dali (1) _ to
promote this notion with such relentless conviction that the egotist eventually overshadowed
the artist. By the time he died in 1989, leaving hundreds of signed sheets of paper to give (2)
to a fake Dali industry, many in the art world had (3) against him.
Yet Dali never came to (4) his popular appeal. Although he was (5)
from the Surrealist Movement in 1939, he remained the best-known Surrealist. And even
after Abstract Expressionism and Pop Art had taken the (6) of Surrealism, a major
 th
Dali exhibition in Paris in 1979 still (7) 800,000 visitors. Today, among 20 century
artists, his renown could be said to be (8) only by Picassos.
Dali emerged as a (9) figure in Surrealism in the late 1920s. in the mid-1930s, he took
Surrealism to the United States and he became so well known there that he was on the cover
of Time magazine in 1936. He was the fist in the group to (10) rich from his
paintings. Dali (11 ) his immense popularity, dabbling in (12) business and
selling his works and image at great profit.
1. A. came about B. went on C. brought off D. got ahead
2. A. effect B. lead C. rise D. source
3. A. fallen B. turned C. run D. set
4. A. cease B. drop C. lose D. halt
5. A. evicted B. rid C. thrown D. expelled
6. A. place B. spot C. space D. role
7. A. grasped B. caught C. fetched D. drew
8. A. exceeded B. overstepped C. towered D. overpowered
9. A. chief B. primary C. focal D. central
10. A. grow B. make C. go D. move
11. A. delighted B. relished C. thrilled D. rejoiced
12. A. show B. fun C. play D. light

313 THOMAS COOK

Thomas Cook could be said to have invented the global tourist industry. He was born
in England in 1808 and became a cabinet-maker. Then he (1) _ on the idea of using the
newly-invented railways for pleasure trips and by the summer of 1845, he was organizing
commercial trips. The first was to Liverpool and (2) a 60-page handbook for the
journey, the (3) of the modern holiday brochure.
The Paris Exhibition of 1855 (4) him to create his first great hour, taking in
France, Belgium and Germany. This also included a remarkable (5) - Cooks first
cruise, an extraordinary journey along the Rhine. Nothing like this had been available
before, but it was only the beginning. Cook had invented (6) tourism and now became a
pioneering giant, striding across the world, travelling incessantly, researching every little
detail before absolutely confident that could send the public to (7) his steps.
 Cook was not slow in thinking beyond Europe, and he turned his gaze upon Africa.
The expertise he had gained with his pioneering cruise along the Rhine in 1855 (8)
him n good stead when it came to organizing a fantastic journey along the Nile in 1869. Few
civilians had so much as (9) foot in Egypt, let (10) v travelled along this waterway
through history and the remains of a vanished civilization (11) back thousands of
years. Then, in 1872, Cook organized, and took part in, the first conducted world tour. The
whole adventure took 222 days and the (12) of travel has not been the same since.
1. A. hit B. struck C. dawned D. crossed
2. A. inserted B. presented C. featured D. highlighted
3. A. forerunner B. pioneer C. prior D. foretaste
4. A. livened B. initiated C. launched D. inspired
5. A. step B. leap C. breakthrough D. headway
6. A. common B. whole C. wide D. mass
7. A. retreat B. retrace C. resume D. retrieve
8. A. kept B. took C. made D. stood
9. A. set B. placed C. laid D. put
10. A. apart B. aside C. alone D. away
11. A. flowing B. going C. running D. passing
12. A. world B. area C. land D. scene

HIGH NOTES OF THE SINGING NEANDERTHALS Neanderthals have been

misunderstood. The early humanoids traditionally
characterized as ape-like brutes were deeply emotional beings with high-pitched voices. They
may (1) have sung to each other. This new image has (2) from two studies of the
vocal apparatus and anatomy of the creatures that (3) Europe between 200,000 an
35,000 years ago.
The research shows that Neanderthal voices might (4) have produced loud,
womanly and highly melodic sounds not the roars and grunts previously (5) by
most researchers. Stephen Mithen, Professor of Archaeology and author of one of the studies,
said: What is emerging is a (6) of an intelligent and emotionally complex creature
whose most likely (7) of communication would have been part language and part
song.
 Mithens work (8) _ with the first detailed study of a reconstructed Neanderthal
skeleton. Anthropologists brought together bones and casts from several (9) to re-
create the creature. The creature that emerges would have (10) an no waist. Professor
Trenton Holliday believes they must have evolved their stocky body shapes to (12)
heat when ice covered the world.
1. A. further B. just C. so D. even
2. A. revealed B. resulted C. concluded D. happened
3. A. resided B. dwelt C. filled D. occupied
4. A. likely B. well C. truly D. quite
5. A. judged B. considered C. assumed D. taken
6. A. picture B. sight C. spectacle D. design
7. A. sort B. practice C. approach D. retrieve
8. A. coincides B. occurs C. relates D. form
9. A. grounds B. plots C. sites D. co-operates
10. A. differed B. distinguished C. compared D. contrasted
11. A. assembly B. build C. formation D. scheme
12. A. protect B. restrict C. retain D. stock

315 YOUR FIRST MEETING? SMILE!

Why do people often get (1) and worried before meeting someone for the first
time? It is often said that (2) a good first impression is very important, and according
to recent studies, it appears that there is something to it.
In his book, Blink, author Malcolm Gladwell says that we (3) an opinion of
someone in the first two seconds after meeting them. In other words, if Gladwell is right,
most of us pass (4) on people we meet almost (5) .
It makes (6) that we create a better first impression when were friendly. A
warn smile can really make a (7) . And then if we have interests (8) common,
the other person may feel they want to (9) to know us.
However, when we meet someone from abroad who (10) a foreign language,
theres no need to feel we have to (11) our distance from them. If we decide to take
the (12) to communicate, we might make a new friend.
1. A. judgmental B. depressing C. impressed D. uptight
2. A. making B. doing C. passing D. having
 3. A. convey B. think C. form D. keep
4. A. prejudice B. judgment C. impression D. doubt
5. A. clearly B. suddenly C. confidently D. immediately
6. A. logic B. interest C. sense D. friends
7. A. difference B. change C. mistake D. point
8. A. to B. by C. with D. in
9. A. want B. come C. get D. go
10. A. speaks B. asks C. says D. talks
11. A. have B. keep C. do D. stay
12. A. attempt B. difficulty C. trouble D. confidence

316 MAKING THE GRADE?

Parent today are more involved in their childrens education than ever before.
However, this involvement can sometimes be a (1) problem. For example, teachers
complain that parents send text messages to their first in the middle of lessons, and others
even (2) their children on their first day at university. Teachers feel that their (3)
roles are changing and that now they have to (4) with parents as well as
children. But are teachers complaints (5) ?
On the one hand, teachers claim that some parents put (6) on them to change
their childrens marks. They say that parents should trust the teachers (7) judgment
and let them their job. Furthermore, parents shouldnt (8) their children so hard to
succeed. On the other hand, some parents say they dont understand the teachers (9) .
Parents believe theyre (10) helping their children to succeed. Perhaps the truth lies
somewhere between the two points of view. Interestingly, the results of ea recent survey in
the USA showed that if parents want their children to (11) far in life, they should (12)
an active part in their academic life.

1. A. major B. powerful C. unique D. single

2. A. convey B. identify C. accompany D. replace
3. A. traditional B. potential C. appropriate D. honourable
4. A. participate B. affect C. face D. deal
5. A. worthwhile B. justified C. influential D. corrected
6. A. judgment B. blame C. pressure D. strength
7. A. professional B. respected C. wise D. accomplished
 8. A. manage B. take C. press D. push
9. A. recognition B. reaction C. emotion D. expression
10. A. simply B. devotedly C. justifiably D. particularly
11. A. do B. be C. go D. make
12. A. act B. play C. work D. gain

317 WHERE DID MAY GAME GO?

Imagine that youre playing your favuorite computer game. Its an exciting game that
really (1) to you. Just as you are (2) _ for the fishing line, theres a problem
your racing car slowly disappears before your eyes! You watch the screen in (3) , but
nothing appears. This is what could happen if you buy pirated copies of computer games.
Of course, you can (4) money by doing this, but you should be aware that you are (5)
a crime.
Computer game manufactures will be pleased to hear that one software company now
has a program for (6) that they hope will (7) people think twice before buying
pirated games. At first the game works without any problems, but then the quality slowly gets
worse until the game can no longer be played. (8) the game is so exciting that
disappointed users will eventually make up their (9) to go out and buy a legal
version.
However, some young people dont think this tactic will work. They (10) that
the problem is the high price of computer games. According to them, the manufacturers of
games simply (11) _ too much money for their products. They say that if prices were
(12) there would be no need for pirated games.

1. A. likes B. increases C. indentifies D. appeals

2. A. heading B. drawing C. coming D. approaching
3. A. hope B. waiting C. looking D. anticipation
4. A. invest B. save C. raise D. lend
5. A. involving B. making C. accomplishing D. committing
6. A. payment B. sale C. share D. price
7. A. persuade B. admit C. make D. impress
8. A. Appearently B. Locally C. Impressively D. Subsequently
9. A. decisions B. heads C. minds D. argument
10. A. insist B. detect C. accuse D. support
11. A. earn B. charge C. borrow D. inherit
 12. A. bargained B. calculated C. lowered D. negotiated

318 EXERCISE WITH MUSIC

Most experts agree that (1) out is an excellent way of staying healthy, as
long as you do it (2) . Psychologist Charles Emery of the Ohio State University, who
has done (3) research on the effects of exercise on his patients over the years, has
gone one step further.
Since both exercise and music play a (4) role in Emerys life, he decided to
do some research which combined his two interests. He asked a group of people who had just
recovered from heart problems to participate in a test in which they were asked to exercise
with music for a trial (5) . They attended exercise (6) during which they
exercised with and without music while Emery carefully (7) their (8) . Then
they were (9) to answer some questions. He then concluded that exercising with
music (10) the brain function better. Emery only used one piece of music Vivaldis
Four Seasons but he doesnt think the kind of music people listen to is important. While
much more research will have to be carried (11) , a lot of interest has been
(12) in Emerys work and he plans to continue his study.
1. A. turning B. finding C. working D. exercising
2. A. usually B. physically C. traditionally D. regularly
3. A. extensive B. enlarged C. qualifed D. complimentary
4. A. dynamic B. strict C. major D. minor
5. A. time B. period C. experience D. episode
6. A. objectives B. instructors C. facilities D. sessions
7. A. predicted B. minitored C. exposed D. restricted
8. A. advances B. qualifications C. advantages D. achievements
9. A. required B. limited C. authorised D. allowed
10. A. gets B. makes C. does D. has
11. A. on B. through C. out D. over
12. A. expressed B. exposed C. satisfied D. innovated

319 SWEET BUT POWERFUL!

 Although we have a wide (1) of antibiotic drugs today, they are not always
effective in fighting diseases. Doctors have (2) concern about this, and scientists
have been (3) studies to find alternative ways of treating people. It turns out that
honey may (4) the key to making a breakthrough in this research. Who would have
thought that the work of bees could have an important (5) use?
Honey has actually (6) _ a significant role in medicine since ancient times.
The Sumerians used it as a (7) of healing various medical conditions more than
4,000 years ago. They used a mixture of river dust and honey, which was (8) on the
eyes of people suffering from eye (9) _ . In fact, honey was used to (10)
th
different illness until the early 20 century, when penicillin was discovered. Today, however,
antibiotics such as penicillin have become less effective, and scientists have gone back to
nature to treat certain health problems. Honey is useful (11) to its natural antibiotic
and antiseptic qualities, as well as because of its high water and sugar (12) , all of
which help the body fight infection.
1. A. ability B. concept C. selection D. range
2. A. told B. remarked C. said D. expressed
3. A. making B. conducting C. evolving D. participating
4. A. give B. solve C. produce D. hold
5. A. enviromental B. individual C. medicinal D. natural
6. A. played B. done C. provided D. found
7. A. type B. means C. cure D. kind
8. A. rubbed B. fixed C. chewed D. swallowed
9. A. medications B. infections C. innovations D. affections
10. A. activate B. recover C. treat D. monitor
11. A. consequence B. cause C. reason D. due
12. A. content B. activity C. income D. poison

320 SCHOOL UNIFORMS IN THE UK

Eight out of ten British schools require students to wear school uniforms. Wearing a
uniform has been (1) as part of British school tradition for a long time, and makes a
good (2) on people. Some schools have used the idea of school uniforms as a(n) (3)
to let the students (4) themselves by designing their uniform so they could
(5) a part in deciding what they would wear every day.
 The UK government has just (6) the results of a study which showed that
many parents actually (7) the beginning of the school year because they cannot (8)
to buy their children school uniforms. This is because schools in many areas make
arrangements with one local shop so that their uniform can only be bought there, and this (9)
the shop to increase the prices because it doesnt have any (10) . The
result of the survey is that (11) will now be put on schools to (12) with the
problem and make sure that uniform can be bought at reasonable prices.
1. A. regarded B. considered C. thought D. supposed
2. A. effect B. reaction C. recognition D. impression
3. A. opportunity B. ability C. potential D. benefit
4. A. convey B. express C. produce D. identify
5. A. take B. make C. play D. turn
6. A. told B. discovered C. portrayed D. announced
7. A. ignore B. dread C. worry D. deny
8. A. participate B. allow C. pay D. afford
9. A. suits B. lets C. enables D. manages
10. A. critic B. competition C. consequence D. risk
11. A. presure B. prejudice C. blame D. judgment
12. A. affect B. manage C. relate D. deal

321 FIGHTING THE GRAFFITI ARTISTS

Painting graffiti on the walls of public and private buildings is unfortunately a
common (1) . The idea seems to (2) to too many offenders who take (3)
of an opportunity to express themselves. The cost of cleaning up buildings is very
high and many city councils are trying to find a way to (4) out this annoying and
costly crime.
It appears that a company based in California may hold the (5) to solving the
problem.
People often choose to paint graffiti on buildings in places that are generally (6)
at night, so people dont usually catch them. This company sells special cameras
which can be left in these places and can immediately (7) anyone who starts to paint
graffiti on the walls. The cameras film the offenders and (8) track of their
movements. A bright light comes on and a very loud message is heard which usually says
something like: Stop! Your picture has just been (9) ! This is usually enough to
make offenders (10) threatened and run away. They are afraid because they know
they have (11) a crime. These cameras have been so (12) that councils in
cities such as Los Angeles and Milwaukee are now using them.
1. A. episode B. experience C. experiment D. phenomenon
2. A. motivate B. appeal C. persuade D. attract
3. A. benefit B. motivation C. advantage D. convenience
4. A. elimenate B. get C. break D. stamp
5. A. concept B. key C. way D. action
6. A. deserted B. empty C. neglected D. romote
7. A. interrogate B. arrest C. betray D. detect
8. A. keep B. watch C. follow D. look
9. A. made B. done C. taken D. banned
10. A. feel B. go C. get D. keep
11. A. organised B. convicted C. committed D. broken
12. A. supportive B. effective C. persuasive D. capable

322 ONE MAN AND HIS HORSE

Tim Cope is definitely not your average traveler. At the (1) of 28, this young
Australian finished an amazing journey on horseback. He had (2) _ his way over a
distance of 10,000 kilometres from Mongolia to Hungary. During this journey, which took
almost three years, Tim had to (3) on the kindness of others to help him either with
a place to sleep or (4) to eat. You cant (5) but wonder how Tim developed
such (6) of character. A weaker person would probably have given up along the
way, but not Tim. He never lost (7) of his objective, which was to follow the same
th
road that brought the armies of the Mongol leader, Genghis Khan, to Europe in the 13
century. Throughout the journey, Tim had to make (8) with very little he only had
his horse and a dog for company most of the time. He actually set off with his girlfriend, but
they (9) up shortly afterwards, and Tim was left to travel alone.
In spite of the difficulties he faced, Tim Cope (10) himself lucky. For him,
his trip was a means of getting to know other people and cultures. He believes that it was
worth (11) up with the problems of could, hunger and the thieves along the way.
Tim really enjoyed the feeling alone in a area where there are some wonderful people and
 such spectacular scenery. It is no (12) that he is already planning his next trip to
northwest China!
1. A. age B. period C. time D. year
2. A. did B. went C. travelled D. made
3. A. believe B. trust C. count D. hope
4. A. a bite B. a dessert C. an outlet D. a piece
5. A. stop B. avoid C. help D. try
6. A. fearlessness B. strength C. quality D. source
7. A. observation B. appreciation C. awareness D. sight
8. A. get B. do C. work D. go
9. A. fell B. gave C. broke D. ended
10. A. sees B. considers C. says D. tells
11. A. making B. dealing C. addressing D. putting
12. A. wonder B. chance C. discovery D. prediction

323 KEEPING FIT IN LUXURY

As people are becoming more aware of the importance of keeping fit, (1)
centres and gyms are (2) up all over the country at an amazing rate. Many are (3)
in business areas so that office workers can leave their place of (4) , go
straight to a nearby gym and start to work out. Since the average office worker spends most
of his or her day sitting down, many gyms, or private health clubs as they prefer to be
called, now (5) on offering training programmes that suit these peoples needs, and
add training (6) that standard gyms do not offer. At these centres, each treadmill has
a(n) (7) TV screen. There are aerobic (8) with the best DJs, and personal
(9) who can instruct you in martial arts or even boxing. Of course, clubs like
these are aimed at attracting people with high (10) who can afford to pay their very
expensive monthly (11) . Despite all the current interest in keeping fit, Dan
Waugh, a manager of a chain of health clubs warns, People with the worst health and
fitness in the country are people who cannot afford gym (12) .
1.
5. A. club
A. aim B. shape
B. direct C. fitness
C. focus D. intend
D. instruction
2.
6. A.
A. growing
amenities B.
B. appearing
renovations C.
C. jumping
requirements D. springing
D. facilities
3. A. reached B. located C. focused D. placed
4. A. work B. job C. profession D. occupation
 7. A. individual B. selected C. independent D. specialised
8. A. sequences B. opportunities C. occurrences D. sessions
9. A. guides B. trainers C. attendants D. staff
10. A. shares B. positions C. livings D. incomes
11. A. costs B. fees C. requirements D. wages
12. A. application B. participation C. membership D. registration

324 WHAT WE KNOW ABOUT MUSIC AND THE BRAIN

Work on the human brain has indicated how different part are centres of activity for
different skills, feelings, perceptions and so on. It has also been shown that the left and right
halves, or hemispheres, of the brain are (1) for different functions. While language
is processed in the left, or analytical hemisphere, music is processed in the right, or emotional
hemisphere. (2) of music like tone, pitch and melody are all probably processed in
difference parts of the brain. Some features of musical experience are processed not just in
the auditory parts of the brain, but in the visual ones. We dont yet fully understand the (3)
of this.
The tempo of music seems to be (4) related to its emotional impact, with fast
music often (5) as happier and slower music as sadder. It is the same with the major
biological rhythm of the body: our heart (6) quickens when were happy, but slows
when were sad. Military music may have (7) from attempts to get us ready for (8)
by using fast drumming to (9) our hearts into beating faster. Music is
perhaps one of the most complex experiences the brain (10) _ with and it has become
an absolutely (11) part of our rituals an ceremonies. It has power beyond language
to (12) mood and co-ordinate our emotional states.
1.
8. A.
A. amenable
battle B.
B. responsible
fight C.
C. dependable
quarrel D.
D. raliable
struggle
2.
9. A.
A. Views
activate B.
B. Factors
motivate C.
C. Aspects
stimulate D.
D. Pieces
animate
3.
10. A.
A. expectations
copes B.
B. implications
manages C.
C. assumptions
bears D.
D. propositions
holds
4.
11. A.
A. surely
important B.
B. plainly
vital C.
C. directly
compulsory D.
D. evidently
dominant
5.
12. A.
A. touched
notify B. endured
B. report C. encountered
C. associate D.
D. felt
communicate
6. A. rate B. speed C. pace D. pulse
7. A. elevated B. extended C. advanced D. evolved
325 WORKING MOTHERS
Reliable studies have shown that the children of working mothers have no more
problems than children whose mothers stay at home. My personal view is that mothers should
work if they wish.
 Some women have invested so much in a career that they cannot (1) to give
it up. Others have to work because of economic (2) and there are also those who are
simply not (3) out to be full-time parents.
There appear to be several options when it (4) to choosing childcare. These
range from child minders through to granny or the kind lady (5) the street. (6)
, however, many parents dont have any choice; they have to accept anything they
can get.
No (7) how good the available childcare may be, some children protest if
their parents are not around. This is a(n) (8) normal stage in a childs development.
Babies over the age of six months become dependent on mum and close family (9)
so make sure that you allow (10) time to help your child settle in.
And dont forget: if you want to (11) the best for your children, its not the
quantity of time you spend with them, its the (12) that matters.
1.
11. A.
A. bear
make B.
B. decide
do C.
C. hope
have D.
D. expect
give
2.
12. A.
A. reason
behaviour B.
B. necessity
attitude C.
C. duty
quality D.
D. task
manner
3. A. cut B. made C. brought D. born
4. A. refers B. concerns C. turns D. comes
326 GOING ON DIET
5. A. of B. opposite C. across D. next to
A calorie is a unit for measuring the amount of energy food will produce. The average
6. A. In addition B. In contrast C. In order D. In practise
person needs about 1,800 calories per day to (1) _ healthy. Without energy, the heart
7. A. way B. matter C. surprise D. exception
cannot (2) blood through blood vessels and the organs cannot function.
8. A. certainly B. extremely C. probably D. perfectly
You (3) weight because you consume more calories a day than your body
9. A. members B. adults C. people D. grown-ups
requires. The only way to lose weight is to (4) the number of calories you consume.
10. A. little B. no C. plenty of D. lots
This is the basic (5) behind most diets.
(6) , diets dont work for most people. Its not that they dont lose weight:
they do, but when they (7) the diet, the kilos creep back. The (8) _ to losing
weight
1. A. and maintaining
keep on weight
B. loss is aon
carry sensible dietC.andcontinue
exercise plan. You
D. need
stayto work out
how
2. to A.
eat fewer
pull calories thanB.youpump
(9) consume.
C. dragYou should also
D. exercise
force daily so
you
3. canA.
use make
up calories. Burning
B. 250 or 500 caloriesC.perput
increase day can (10) a big
D. gain
difference.
4. A. (11)shrink riding
B. an exercise bike while
reduce C. you are watchingD.
remove TV take
or climbing the
stairs
5. (12)
A. way than taking
B. the lift. Persuade someone
method to exercise with
C. principle D. you;
kindexercise is a
lot6.easier
A.if done in company.B. Though
Unfortunately C. Similarly D. Although
7. A. go away B. go on C. go back D. go off
8. A. key B. secret C. way D. idea
9. A. preferably B. consistently C. actually D. eventually
10. A. make B. do C. have D. give
11. A. Attempt B. Try C. Go D. Aim
12. A. instead B. apart C. rather D. except
327 VINYL ATTRACTION
 Nobody ever really expected my Uncle Peter to make a lot of money. When he (1)
school, he didnt have any plans for a future career, and he got a job in a second-
hand record shop that was supposed to be temporary. Peters mother couldnt (2) it.
Her other two children had both (3) to get places at university, and she was quite (4)
that a young person needed a good education to get on in life. To (5) things
even worse, this was the time when records made of vinyl were being phased out, and
everyone wanted to buy CDs. It looked as though Uncle Peter would soon be looking for (6)
somewhere else.
And then, all of (7) Uncle Peters luck changed. He announced he was going
to start collecting records and set (8) a mail order business selling rare records. I
have to admit that nobody really (9) him seriously at first. We just couldnt believe
that old records would ever have any (10) _ again. Who would be interested in a
technology thats out of (11) ? Vinyl records have since become collectors (12)
and Uncle Peter is now a very rich man.

1. A. completed B. left C. concluded D. ended

2. A. get over B. take over C. come over D. pass over
3. A. achieved B. succeeded C. managed D. accomplished
4. A. persuaded B. convinced C. determined D. convicted
5. A. get B. drive C. bring D. make
6. A. career B. job C. work D. profession
7. A. sudden B. moment C. once D. minute
8. A. in B. out C. off D. up
9. A. thought B. believed C. took D. gave
10. A. value B. price C. cost D. worth
11. A. time B. date C. period D. epoch
12. A. objects B. things C. items D. possessions

328 OLD AND ACTIVE

It is a well-known fact that Japanese people have a longer life expectancy than the
population of most other countries. A (1) report shows that the Japanese also expect
to remain healthier for longer.
Scientists are trying to work (2) what keeps elderly Japanese people so
healthy, and whether there is a lesson to be (3) from their lifestyles. Should we (4)
 any changes to our eating habits, for instance, or go jogging each day before
breakfast? Is there some secret (5) in the Japanese diet that is particularly (6)
for the human body?
Although the (7) _ of a longer, healthier life is a good thing for the individual,
it can (8) create a social problem. The number of people over the age of 65 in the
population has doubled in the last 50 years and that has increased pension and medical costs.
Japan could soon be (9) an economic problem: there are more elderly people who
need to be looked (10) and relatively few younger people working and paying taxes
to support them.
One solution could be to (11) retirement age from 65 to 70. After all, the
elderly have a great deal to (12) . If they continue to be active in society, younger
generations will have the chance to learn more from their wisdom and experience.
1. A. recent B. late C. modern D. contemporary
2. A. for B. in C. out D. off
3. A. learnt B. gathered C. understood D. gained
4. A. do B. give C. set D. make
5. A. compoment B. ingredient C. portion D. helping
6. A. caring B. supportive C. beneficial D. positive
7. A. prospect B. outlook C. view D. wish
8. A. therefore B. as well C. even D. actually
9. A. meeting B. facing C. adopting D. encountering
10. A. after B. for C. over D. out
11. A. put B. move C. raise D. rise
12. A. grant B. contribute C. donate D. aid

329 CAT FLAP

Patricia took a liking to the kitten the moment she set eyes on it. The poor little
creature was helpless, so cute and so weak that it hardly the (1) to stand on its feet.
Who could have been so (2) as to leave a tiny animal like this outside on such a
cold night? It was only early September, but the last few mornings there had been frost on
the (3) when Patricia walked to school, and the temperature during the day was only
a few degrees (4) _ zero.
 Patricia decided to take the kitten home and face the (5) argument with her
mother. Mrs Stevens (6) to let her daughter have a cat. She was quite (7)
that pets were smelly, dirty and likely wasnt true, but all her efforts were in (8) to
explain that this simply wasnt true, but all her efforts were in (9) . Whenever they
discussed the (10) Mrs Stevens would get very upset and (11) why Patracia
needed a pet anyway, when she had such loving parents. Patricia had often tried to explain that
this was beside the (12) . A pet would be a companion.
1. A. ability B. power C. force D. strength
2. A. cruel B. strict C. harsh D. severe
3. A. soil B. bottom C. floor D. ground
4. A. higher B. above C. over D. after
5. A. intentional B. necssary C. essential D. inevitable
6. A. denied B. refused C. insisted D. demanded
7. A. persuaded B. confirmed C. convinced D. decided
8. A. hardest B. most C. worst D. deepest
9. A. hopeless B. useless C. vain D. doubtful
10. A. subject B. theory C. proposition D. theme
11. A. insist B. wonder C. demand D. request
12. A. reason B. idea C. point D. cause

330 THE OLD GATE

In the Middle Ages the vast majority of European cities had walls around them. They
(1) to defend the city, but they also kept out undesirable people, like those with
contagious (2) .
Most of Londons gates had been (3) by then end of the eighteenth century.
However, by a (4) o luck, the last of them was preserved. This gate is, in (5)
fact, not called a gate at all; its name is Temple Bar, and it marked the (6)
between the old City of London and Westminster. However, as the (7) of traffic
through London increased, Temple Bar became a(n) (8) to its free flow. In 1878 it
was decided to take it down, so its stones were numbered, dismantled and put in (9) .
A couple of years later a wealthy businessman bought the stones and re-erected them at his
house in Hertfordshire.
 In the 1970s the Temple Bar Trust was (10) with the intension of returning the
gate of to the City of London. Much of the money for this project was (11) from the
Temple Bar Trust. The stonework needed a lot of restoration, which was (12) out by
the Cathedral Works Organisation. Today, Temple Bar stands next to St Pauls Cathedral.
1. A. supposed B. expected C. served D. meant
2. A. injuries B. symptoms C. colds D. diseases
3. A. demolished B. devoted C. declared D. decreased
4. A. hit B. wave C. stroke D. blow
5. A. real B. actual C. current D. definite
6. A. division B. part C. line D. boundary
7. A. quantity B. amount C. bulk D. number
8. A. problem B. prevention C. difficulty D. obstacle
9. A. storage B. store C. storeroom D. stock
10. A. set out B. set up C. set off D. set back
11. A. awards B. presents C. donations D. aids
12. A. carried B. performed C. done D. made

331 BEAUTIY IS IN THE EYE OF THE BEHOLDER

People have been debating the principles of beauty for thousands of years, but it still
seems impossible to consider it objectively. German philosopher Immanuel Kant (1)
whether something can possess an objective property that makes it beautiful. He concluded
that although everyone accepts that beauty exists, no one has ever (2) on the precise
criteria by which beauty may be (3) .
The ancient Greek philosopher Plato wrote of a scale called the golden proportion,
(4) to which the width of the face should be two-thirds of its length, preferably (5)
by a nose no longer than the distance between the eyes. Symmetry has been proved
to be attractive to the human (6) , so a face may seem beautiful because of the (7)
between its two sides. Babies spend more time looking at symmetrical than
asymmetrical by adults looking at photos. So although there seems to be no (9)
agreement or even national consensus on what (10) beauty, there is at least some
agreement that facial symmetry is an important (11) . In the meantime, if you look at
your partner and (12) then as beautiful, you can congratulate yourself with the
thought that people generally end up with a partner of a comparable level of attractiveness as
themselves.
1. A. argued B. decided C. questioned D. suggested
2. A. thought B. written C. fixed D. agreed
3. A. appreciated B. judged C. awarded D. viewed
4. A. corresponding B. relating C. connecting D. according
5. A. joined B. escorted C. accompanied D. coupled
6. A. eye B. sight C. appearance D. vision
7. A. equality B. similarity C. opposition D. reflection
8. A. rated B. voted C. selected D. valued
9. A. world B. universal C. community D. global
10. A. involves B. contains C. constitutes D. comprises
11. A. reason B. cause C. role D. factor
12. A. regard B. consider C. believe D. think

332 SMART DOG!

Animal behaviourists used to think that a dogs bark was simply a way of attracting
attention. Now a new study suggests that dogs have (1) barks, and they vary the
pitch and pace of these to (2) different messages. The scientists who carried out the
research are now (3) that dogs usually use high-pitched single barks when they are
(4) from their owners and a lower, harsher superbark when strangers (5)
towards them or the doorbell rings.
During their research, the scientists also wondered what other abilities dogs
possessed; for example, were they able to recognize quantity? To test this, the dogs were first
(6) treats were either left as they were, added to or reduced. If a treat was added or
taken away, the dogs looked at them for longer, presumably because the numbers did not
meet their (8) . The scientists concluded that dogs know they are receiving fewer
treats because they have a basic mathematical ability that (9) them to tell when one
pile of objects is bigger than another. This ability may be present because dogs are (10)
 from wolves, which is not only have a large neo-cortex-the brains centre of
reasoning but live in large social groups. This mathematical ability could have been used to
work out how many enemies and allies they had in a pack. However, in order to truly
 count, an animal has to recognize that each object in a set (11) to a single number
and that the last number in a (12) represents the total number of objects.
1. A. specific B. exact C. detailed D. specialized
2. A. transfer B. suggest C. bear D. convey
3. A. convinced B. persuaded C. determinded D. converted
4. A. split B. separated C. detached D. divided
5. A. approach B. appear C. move D. draw
6. A. tempted B. demonstrated C. presented D. shown
7. A. view B. sight C. perception D. notice
8. A. estimates B. calculations C. suspicions D. expectations
9. A. assists B. facilitates C. enables D. informs
10. A. related B. descended C. connected D. evolved
11. A. corresponds B. ties C. fits D. complements
12. A. system B. succession C. progression D. sequence

333 BURGLARS BEWARE! DONT TOUCH THE FOOD

It seems that a burglars inability to say no to his stomach could go a long way
towards putting him behind bars. Indeed, (1) a crime actually seems to work up an
appetite. According to a 1973 article in the British Dental Journal, Criminals appear to be
unable to (2) food, chocolate or fruit that they find on (3) _ into which they
enter illegally. Theres also a (4) to leave, at the site, the unconsumed portions. For
years, forensic experts have examined these food traces in the (5) of finding bite-
mark evidence, but with DNA identification now (6) , investigators try to uncover
molecular fingerprints as well. A handful of criminals have been (7) this way in the
past ten years.
Californian researchers recently wanted to test the (8) of recovering DNA
from foods. They organized a dinner party in which guests were asked to (9)
themselves to a few bites of whatever they fancied and leave the (10) behind.
Cheese, carrots, apples and pizza returned the most complete DNA profiles while chocolate
was (11) useless. The researchers think the chocolate failure was more to do with
the fact that the pieces were small, (12) that less saliva was left behind.
1. A. enacting B. realizing C. performing D. committing
2. A. decline B. resist C. deny D. refuse
 3. A. houses B. locations C. grounds D. premises
4. A. habit B. behaviour C. tendency D. likelihood
5. A. reason B. hope C. chance D. view
6. A. commoplace B. regular C. typical D. average
7. A. confirmed B. accused C. convicted D. shown
8. A. dependency B. reliability C. suitability D. methodology
9. A. control B. ration C. restrain D. limit
10. A. remains B. spare C. excess D. extra
11. A. hardly B. extremely C. virtually D. barely
12. A. meaning B. showing C. requiring D. causing
334
Dear Sir or Madam,
I have read your advertisement for camp counselors this summer and I am (1)
interested in applying for one of these positions.
I am in my second year at university, studying Foreign Languages, and I (2)

to become an interpreter for the United Nations after my graduation in June 2010. My (3)
language is Swedish but I am also quite fluent in English and Spanish so (4)
with the children and other camp counselors would not be a problem.
(5) I have never worked on a summer camp before, I think I have
some suitable qualifications and skills that a counselor might need. Firstly, I am able to
(6)
to different routines quickly and learn the (7) in a new situation. I am
used to working with children since I have a (8) _ job teaching Swedish to
8-11 year olds who have recently emigrated here with their families. Part of the job requires
me to co- operate with other volunteers in planning lessons; in this situation I am willing to
listen to other peoples ideas as well as (9) my own.
I would be happy to get (10) with the sports activities at the camp as I
usually play volleyball or take (11) in tennis tournaments most weekends. I
also have several certificates in life saving which I think might be quite useful.
Could you please send me a list of the (12) and dates of recruitment days
in Northern Europe? I would be willing to travel to an interview if no recruitment fairs are
planned for Sweden.
 I look forward to hearing from
you, Yours faithfully,

1. A. very B. so C. too D. much

2. A. dream B. like C. desire D. hope
3. A. country B. mother C. first D. original
4. A. communicating B. contacting C. understanding D. responding
5. A. Despite B. Even C. Although D. However
6. A. adapt B. deal C. modify D. manage
7. A. strings B. lines C. words D. ropes
8. A. half-time B. part-time C. sometime D. overtime
9. A. participate B. involve C. contribute D. donate
10. A. included B. involved C. paticipated D. concerned
11. A. place B. time C. turn D. part
12. A. situations B. lacations C. localities D. sites

Christina Rehn

335 THE SPIRIT OF ADVENTURE

The scientists who currently work and study in Antarctica are fortunate. They are able
to (1) on the regular arrival of supplies by ship and plane, they are (2)
protected against the cold in comfortable, centrally-heated huts and they have specially (3)
vehicles called snowmobiles to move around in. But Antarctica still (4)
adventurers.
In 1992 two British men, Ranulph Fiennes and Mike Stroud, (5) to walk
across Antarctica, without any of these modern aids. They had (6) to suffer a lot,
and after walking for 95 days in temperatures below - 40C, they were in a terrible state.
However, they managed to (7) from one side of the continent to the other. Luckily,
they were (8) to radio for an aircraft, which came and (9) them up from the
ice.
So ,why did they do it? One explanation is that some human beings have an unusually
strong desire to (10) both with themselves and against nature. In the past, such people might
have gone off to discover new lands. Today, such people (11) new challenges,
trying to (12) something that no human being has ever done.
1. A. live B. trust C. count D. claim
2. A. accurately B. severely C. exactly D. properly
 3. A. intended B. drawn C. designed D. formed
4. A. attracts B. leads C. appeals D. catches
5. A. set up B. got away C. set out D. got by
6. A. anticipated B. expected C. predicted D. waited
7. A. cross B. cover C. reach D. arrive
8. A. adequate B. efficient C. capable D. able
9. A. picked B. kept C. put D. held
10. A. combat B. attack C. oppose D. compete
11. A. search B. seek C. look D. watch
12. A. win B. touch C. make D. achieve

FINDING EMPLOYMENT
My first (1) was as a sales (2) at a large department store. I wanted
to work part-time, because I was still studying (3) university and I was only (4)
to work a few nights a week.
I came (5) the advertisement in the local newspaper. I remember the
interview as though (6) _ were yesterday. The personnel manager sat behind a large
desk. He asked me various questions which surprised me because all I wanted was to work
in sales. An hour later, I was told that I had got the job and was given a contract to go (7)
. I was to be trained for ten days before I took my post. Also, as a number of (8)
, I was entitled to some benefits, including discounts.
When I eventually started, I was responsible (9) _ the toy section. I really
enjoyed it there and I love demonstrating the different toys. I was surprised at how friendly
my (10) were, too. They made working there fun even when we had to (11)
customers who (12) on our nerves. On the whole, working there was a
great experience which I will never forget.
1.
8. A.
A. occupation
staff B.
B. job
crew C.
C. work
team D.
D. employment
party
2.
9. A.
A. employee
of B.
B. attendant
at C.
C. assistant
with D.
D. officer
for
3. A. In
10. A. colleagues B. at
B. staff C. on
C. assistants D.
D. for
employees
4.
11. A.
A. excellent
control B.
B. proud
deal with C.
C. able
manage D.
D. experienced
cooperate
5.
12. A.
A. round
got B.
B. into
went C.
C. on
came D.
D. across
were
6. A. that B. I C. it D. there
7. A. on B. with C. ahead D. over
337 A NIGHT AT THE THEATRE
 Going to the theatre brings back happy memories, as it (1) me of my very
first performance on stage, (2) was thirty years ago. Parts of that particular night are
so vivid that I can still picture myself as though it were yesterday. The excitement amongst
the actors, the (3) applause and the party after the opening night are memories
which will remain with me for (4) .
I dont know how we managed to do so well. The rehearsals were far from
satisfactory because we thought the we could just have two rehearsals a week (5) in
fact we needed more. The background (6) _ to the last act werent ready until an hour
before the beginning of the play despite the set builders best (7) . The director was
not satisfied (8) anything and he didnt even want to show up on the first night.
Admittedly, I wouldnt have wanted to either.
(9) the night finally arrived, we were all a bit worried. I remember (10)
through the curtain ten minutes before the start and being amazed (11) the
(12) of a full house. Finally, it was time for the curtain to go up. In the end, we
proved the director wrong and everything went like clockwork.
1. A. reminds B. recognises C. recalls D. memorises
2. A. when B. which C. where D. who
3. A. audinence's B. vievers' C. onlookers' D. spectators'
4. A. time B. ages C. a while D. life
5. A. where B. which C. when D. whenever
6. A. images B. visions C. sights D. scenes
7. A. attempts B. efforts C. trials D. tries
8. A. by B. in C. at D. with
9. A. When B. After C. While D. Until
10. A. staring B. noticing C. glancing D. watching
11. A. in B. at C. on D. for
 12. A. view B. vision C. sight D. image

338 THE ART OF BEING A PARENT

In order to (1) children, many qualities are required. As well as the (2)
requirements such as love, patience and understanding, a sense of humour is an important
feature of any parents personality. (3) , its quite an art to transform a childs bad
mood into (4) everyone in the family can live with.
Another aspect of child rearing is teaching children limits and rules. This means the
child needs to be (5) of what his or her rights are and what other peoples are, too.
Setting limits on children must occur on a daily basis. Temporary measures dont achieve
anything but just waste time. A (6) mistake, however, is being (7) _ stricter
than necessary. Parents must be (8) to allow their children the opportunity to explore
and learn (9) experience.
Whats more, most parents must know the importance of (10) as it gets
children used to certain everyday activities. For instance, eating at the same time (11)
their parents gets them into the habit of sitting at a table and (12) them how to
conduct themselves properly. Overall, child rearing is no easy task but it is certainly a
challenge and a learning experience.
1. A. grow B. grow up C. born D. bring up
2. A. routine B. usual C. ordinary D. popular
3. A. As well as B. But C. All in all D. In fact
4. A. temper B. behaviour C. character D. manner
5. A. known B. accustomed C. aware D. familiar
6. A. common B. famous C. willing D. continuous
7. A. very B. fairly C. quite D. far
8. A. willing B. eager C. interested D. keen
9. A. by B. on C. from D. with
10. A. routine B. custom C. fashion D. trend
11. A. like B. as C. than D. of
12. A. learns B. educates C. instucts D. teaches
339 A TAXI EXPERIENCE
 As a journalist, Im asked to travel around the globe to all sorts of (1)
countries. Over the years, Ive used different means of transport. Of course, for long (2)
, flying is the fastest and safest way to (3) a far-off destination. Unfortunately,
Im not a very organized traveler and despite my travel agents best efforts, (4)
always goes wrong. Last week, while I was heading for the airport, I realized I had left my
passport at home. Obviously, I had to go back so I asked the taxi driver to turn around and
take me home. In the meantime, I crossed my fingers and hoped that I wouldnt miss my (5)
. All the (6) home, the driver was speeding in and out of traffic. He got even
more carried (7) when he got on the motorway, (8) at speeds of up to 150
kilometres per hour. By the time we arrived home, I was (9) a state of shock and it
took me a while to (10) my breath. So, before driving off again, I decided to pay him
(11) extra, so that he would go slower as we were bound (12) have an
accident.
1. A. curious B. foreign C. peculiar D. strange
2. A. trips B. excursions C. tours D. travels
3. A. arrive B. get C. reach D. approach
4. A. anything B. something C. everything D. nothing
5. A. journey B. cruise C. trip D. flight
6. A. road B. route C. way D. direction
7. A. away B. on C. out D. along
8. A. moving B. transporting C. transferring D. travelling
9. A. at B. under C. in D. on
10. A. catch B. hold C. keep D. find
11. A. many B. a little C. a few D. some
12. A. of B. for C. in D. to

340 PAST MEMORIES

I was raised on a farm in a remote village in the 1950s. the winter months were
endless and everything was covered in snow. I was always (1) for the warmer
weather to come. When spring (2) , everything came alive flowers would bloom and
the animals would come out of hibernation. Id follow the bear tracks and search for them.
Once, however, I (3) an angry mother bear who saw me (4) _ a threat. (5)
the sight of the bear I did what my father had told me. I stood still until she stopped
growling and walked away. The trick was effective, but looking back now, I realize that the
situation was (6) more serious than I thought at the time. By the age of twelve, I had lots of
camping (7) , as I used to go camping with my dog on my school holidays. We
would spend days (8) the forest, catching fish for dinner, (9) _ at the frogs and
the (10) of birds and the insects hopping up and down on the surface of the water. Of
course, this was possible only during the warn months. When autumn came, everything went
quiet, which was quite (11) in those parts. It wasnt long (12) _ the animals
disappeared, the birds flew south and the snow took over. The place became deserted once
again.
1. A. eager B. keen C. willing D. enthusiastic
2. A. approached B. reached C. arrived D. appeared
3. A. came across B. dealt with C. reached D. found out
4. A. like B. such as C. same as D. as
5. A. In B. At C. By D. On
6. A. very B. quite C. far D. so
7. A. experience B. skills C. qualities D. qualifications
8. A. investigating B. detecting C. researching D. exploring
9. A. noticing B. looking C. watching D. observing
10. A. flocks B. bunches C. swarms D. sets
11. A. ordinary B. familiar C. usual D. regular
12. A. until B. before C. since D. after

341 PLASTIC MONEY.

In the past, people bought goods using (1) . They rarely (2 ) money
from financial institutions and only when they had (3) the money, did they buy what
they wanted. Recently, however, there have been great changes in the way people purchase
goods. To begin with, some people pay for things by cheque, while others prefer monthly (4)
rather than paying the whole (5) at once. Most consumers, though, prefer to
buy things using their credit cards. (6) , it is thought that there are benefits to having a
credit card. Apart from the fact that credit cards are handy, some stores offer bonus points to
people making purchases, while others give (7) on certain products. On the other
hand, credit cards must be used wisely because they can prove disastrous. In the long run,
consumers find that they cant (8) without their credit cards and constantly rely (9)
 them, as they are easy money. As a result, some people lose control of their
finances spending more than they should and wind up not being able to (10) . So, they
end up in (11) and have difficulty (12) it back.
1. A. change B. currency C. notes D. cash
2. A. borrowed B. let C. lent D. kept
3. A. afforded B. owned C. possessed D. saved
4. A. sums B. instalments C. budgets D. deposits
5. A. cost B. debt C. bill D. amount
6. A. Last but not leastB. By and large C. One by one D. Every now and
then
7. A. bargains B. tips C. discounts D. prizes
8. A. do B. make C. be D. go
9. A. to B. in C. on D. of
10. A. make ends meet B. make matters worseC. do their best D. do business
11. A. loan B. debt C. charge D. owe
12. A. to pay B. in pay C. in paying D. to paying

342 NEW YEAR

New Year celebration date as far back as 2000 BC in Mesopotamia. Yet, the actual
date has changed a number of times. There was always a problem because New Year was (1)
by the movements of the Sun and Moon which allowed room for error. To (2)
a long story short, it wasnt until 1582, when the calendar we use today was (3)
st
, that January 1 became New Years Day in most cultures. Some cultures, however,
celebrate the New Year at various times, according to their calendar and religious traditions.
st th
For example, the Chinese celebrate it between the 21 of January and the 19 of February. In
(4) with most of the world who celebrate at the beginning of the year, the Jewish
people celebrate it in September or early October.
In any case, the New Year is a festive occasion. Some people celebrate at home with
no (5) of champagne, while others party on the streets, watching the fireworks that
the city council (6) have provided. Others prefer night clubs, joining the long (7)
 of people waiting to get in and dance the night away. In China, there are parades with
dancing dragons and hundreds of people turn (8) _ to look on. It is also common to
make New Year as a time of celebration that a large proportion of the people look forward to.

1. A. supposed B. assumed C. calculated D. considered

2. A. break B. change C. turn D. cut
3. A. introduced B. recognised C. known D. realised
4. A. contrary B. opposite C. contrast D. difference
5. A. loss B. shortage C. absence D. scarce
6. A. likely B. should C. possibly D. may
7. A. aisles B. queues C. rows D. corridors
8. A. out B. on C. into D. up
9. A. idea B. point C. view D. matter
10. A. think B. regard C. believe D. realise
11. A. cut B. change C. break D. split
12. A. up B. for C. on D. in

343 ADVERTISING
In this day and age, advertising is big business. It (1) a lot of effort into
effectively (2) the public about a product or service. Advertisements are introduced
through a (3) of means. Companies can choose (4) the print media,
television, radio or even huge lit-up billboards that (5) put up around our cities and
which (6) that we buy this type of ice-cream or that type of trainer. Advertising
companies use a number of techniques to attract our attention, including stunning
photography, eye-catching graphics, jingles or clever (7) . (8) , companies
may employ famous people like film stars to (9) _ their products.
However, many governments have introduced rules and regulations that advertisers
must follow. These codes of conduct (10) that advertisers dont make exaggerated
claims or offend certain groups of people. In some countries, advertisements can be displayed
only in specific areas. (11) , some countries do not (12) of the advertising of
certain products, like tobacco, so they dont allow such advertising at all.
1.
7. A.
A. sets
descriptions B.
B. lays
comments C.
C. puts
reports D.
D. does
announcements
2.
8. A.
A. introducing
What is more B.
B. explaining
Yet C.
C. mentioning
Not only D.
D. informing
To be more specific
3.
9. A.
A. choice
suggest B.
B. variety
recommend C.
C. collection
adivse D.
D. selection
propose
4.
10. A.
A. throughout
reassure B.
B. between
insure C.
C. thruogh
ensure D.
D. from
confirm
5. A. had been B. have C. have been D. had
6. A. suggest B. approve C. mean D. consult
 11. A. Likewise B. Nevertheless C. Otherwise D. Furthermore
12. A. approve B. admit C. agree D. accept
t
344 AN AMERICAN PLAYWRIGHT
Arthur Miller was born in New York in 1915. He was the son of a coat manufacturer
who (1) control of his business through bankruptcy. This experience at an early age
disturbed Miller and thereafter he was aware of societys inadequacies. He would (2)
them later in his plays by attacking the modern (3) of life.
Millers major achievement came in 1949, when he won the Pulitzer Prize for Drama
for his play Death of a Salesman, which is still regarded as one of the finest contemporary
plays. It (4) the tragic story of an average man destroyed by false values which get
(5)
the way of developing an honest relationship with his sons, who (6) of his
beliefs and look down on him. (7) , Millers plays (8) social issues and deal
with matters people are anxious (9) . They include themes such as now human relationships
fall (10) , the responsibility of the individual and their purpose in life. One way or
another, Millers plays analyse (11) the troubles people have in their life and (12)
societys values.

1. A. lost B. failed C. missed D. wasted

2. A. protest B. disapprove C. complain D. criticise
3. A. way B. course C. approach D. manner
4. A. debates B. tells C. says D. speaks
5. A. under B. out of C. in D. by
6. A. argue B. doubt C. object D. disapprove
7. A. On demand B. On average C. By force D. At first sight
8. A. apply B. wonder C. talk D. discuss
9. A. of B. with C. about D. for
10. A. in B. apart C. out D. behind
11. A. in detail B. in person C. in pairs D. in half
12. A. appeal B. inquire C. ask D. question
 345 EXAMS
Its the end of the school year and the exam period is on the way. Undoubtedly, exams
(1) pressure on both students and parents alike.
Most parents would like to see their children (2) _ academically, as they believe
a good education gives them an added advantage in life. They want to see their children
settled in a rewarding job and be (3) well off. But is that what their children have
planned for themselves? Apparently not. Most students either cant think that far ahead or
have no (4) of doing so. They would rather aim low so as not to be disappointed if they
get low marks.
However, child psychologists, who have been (5) on the matter, stress that
students should aim high, but at the same time have a(n) (6) of other options. As a
result, students will not have to worry about grades and in the long (7) will have better
chances of succeeding. On the whole, there are many practical things that parents can do and
which may prove invaluable to their children. (8) being people their children can (9)
to, parents can plan a reasonable schedule that both they and their children (10) _
on. According to psychologists (11) , this schedule should include no more than eight
hours of studying, three proper meals a day and some exercise. Finally, prior to each exam,
parents need to (12) _ their children that everything will be fine whatever the result.
1. A. force B. set C. bring D. put
2. A. to succeed B. succeeding C. have succeeded D. been succeeding
3. A. richly B. economically C. valuably D. financially
4. A. opinion B. demand C. intention D. reaction
5. A. advise B. consulted C. suggested D. recommended
6. A. variety B. sum C. amount D. selection
7. A. time B. term C. run D. process
8. A. Apart from B. Nevertheless C. Instead of D. As far as
9. A. depend B. communicate C. turn D. apply
10. A. agree B. accept C. approve D. confirm
11. A. clues B. directions C. instructions D. announcements
12. A. ensure B. reasure C. make sure D. insure

346 A WILD HUNT

 Living in a modern society, we cannot (1) the acts of crime that take place
every day. Criminal activity ranges from stealing to the more serious crimes of kidnapping
and murder.
Just recently, a hunt was on for two men who (2) an off-license in broad
daylight. The shop owner tried to call the police, but he received a severe blow to the back of
his head, which left him unconscious. It appears that the two (3) had planned
everything very well, since they (4) getting caught. They were seen getting on their
motorbike holding guns by two policemen in a patrol car, who started (5) them. (6)
the robbers managed to get away through the back streets. All exits from the city were
closed (7) immediately. Even the airport was put on alert and flights were delayed, as
strict measures were (8) and all passengers were asked to give proof of their indentify.
Many people considered this a nuisance and were shocked (9) these tactics. So, they
put the (10) for the situation on the police and (11) them of incompetence. In
the end, the police (12) responsibility for the setbacks.
1. A. ignore B. neglect C. forget D. omit
2. A. stole B. robbed C. shoplifted D. hijacked
3. A. pickpockets B. convicts C. criminals D. burglars
4. A. avoided B. escaped C. prevented D. stopped
5. A. arresting B. following C. hunting D. chasing
6. A. Despite B. However C. Although D. Therefore
7. A. down B. away C. up D. off
8. A. followed B. taken C. put D. made
9. A. with B. about C. by D. from
10. A. fault B. blame C. accusation D. cause
11. A. charged B. convicted C. blamed D. accused
12. A. took B. recognised C. got D. received

347 A DEADLY JOB

In Eastern Java one way to (1) a living is to harvest the sulphur (2) by a
local volcano. Twice a day, around thirty porters leave their huts and head (3) the
3,156 metre summit of the Welirang Volcano. Once there, they use metal bars in order to
break the sulphur into blocks that will into their baskets. While collecting sulphur, the porters
are exposed to toxic fumes which cause many incurable (4) . Most of them, however,
dont pay attention to health risks they face daily and use only a face mask to (5)
themselves. This work (6) their health and they are often in (7) _. As they get
older, they become fragile and eventually (8) _ from throat or lung cancer, from which
they never (9) . What is more, they are not paid well, even though they lead a difficult
life and their health is (10) beyond repair. Yet, in spite of the unhealthy conditions, the
porters have no intention of giving (11) their job. (12) it provides them and their
family with an income, they will continue to do it.
1. A. support B. protect C. secure D. defend
2. A. increased B. produced C. developed D. built up
3. A. for B. on C. into D. at
4. A. sicknesses B. infections C. injuries D. diseases
5. A. guard B. protect C. support D. rescue
6. A. risks B. warns C. decreases D. endangers
7. A. difficulty B. ache C. pain D. illness
8. A. injure B. hurt C. collapse D. suffer
9. A. recover B. cure C. overcome D. heal
10. A. hurt B. injured C. harmed D. wounded
11. A. up B. away C. in D. back
12. A. Unless B. As long as C. Even if D. In case

348 AIRPORT DELAYS

Although the plane is the fastest means of transport, the idea of travelling by plane
does not (1) to everyone because of the frequent delays. It is extremely frustrating
when you (2) yourself plenty of time get to the airport and once there- it is brought
to your (3) that there is a problem with your flight. The staff at the check-in are trying
to (4) you that it wont be long before the problem is solved. Yet, hours later you feel
let (5) , as you (6) to wait patiently for your boarding call. Of course, you wont
(7) anything by complaining.
By this stage, you realize you are going to miss your connecting flight and now you
must change your bookings. You feel (8) youre never going to get to your destination.
However, there is the slight chance that you could be one of the lucky ones spending the
night at a top class hotel at the expense of the airline that airline that caused your problem in
the first place. Admittedly, you would rather (9) _ heading for your original destination.
 Regular (10) advise us just to accept the fact that no matter how frustrating this
situation might be, its unavoidable and shouldnt (11) us that much. Nevertheless, it
will always be a (12) sight to see people eagerly waiting, in the hope of hearing their
flight announced.
1. A. attract B. appeal C. impress D. affect
2. A. let B. keep C. allow D. make
3. A. care B. attention C. interest D. warning
4. A. insist B. attract C. convince D. urge
5. A. off B. out C. away D. down
6. A. continue B. persist C. insist D. remain
7. A. win B. result C. gain D. earn
8. A. as if B. though C. if only D. if
9. A. to had been B. to be C. had been D. be
10. A. customers B. guests C. clients D. visitors
11. A. effect B. affect C. appeal D. influence
12. A. strong B. general C. wide D. common

349 A BIG DECISION

When Lucy (1) that she was going to move abroad because she was bored (2)
her life, we werent surprised. After all, she had been talking about moving to a
warmer country for ages, one which would (3) sun, sea and opportunities for outdoor
activities. A country like Spain or Portugal would (4) her just fine.
We took her even more seriously when she called (5) an interview for a job she
was sure of getting.
Of course, her parents were annoyed with her decision, but I had to admit that I
sympathized with her. I had done something (6) when I was her age, so I supported her
all the way. I even helped her decide on a suitable destination. It was near an ancient site
which, given Lucys academic background in archaeology, was (7) for her. I (8)
her that in the beginning she would feel (9) an (10) , but people from small
towns are friendly and she wouldnt feel lonely for too long.
The time came for Lucy to depart. She wasnt sad. (11) her parents who were
crying and couldnt bear to see their daughter leaving. Seeing her parent cry made me feel
 responsible for what had happened. In the end, I (12) for having encouraged Lucy to
leave. To tell truth, however, Im glad to have influenced her decision to move abroad.
1. A. announced B. told C. agreed D. claimed
2. A. for B. with C. about D. at
3. A. offer B. supply C. reveal D. cater
4. A. fit B. match C. combine D. suit
5. A. out B. up C. off D. for
6. A. likely B. common C. same D. similar
7. A. special B. ideal C. particular D. fine
8. A. insisted B. exlained C. warned D. said
9. A. like B. alike C. as D. unlike
10. A. outdoor B. outcome C. outsider D. outfit
11. A. not alike B. unlike C. not as D. unlikely
12. A. apologised B. denied C. admitted D. accused

350 POPULATION FACTS

According to the United Nations population figures, the worlds population will, be
heading for 8,9 billion by the year 2050, (1) to 6,7 billion in 2009. This figure (2)
into account that each woman on the planet will give birth to two children.
Eight billion, nine hundred million people may sound (3) an astronomical
figure, yet statistics (4) _ that, throughout the world, the number of children being born
is dropping. In Africa the birth rate has decreased from 6.6 to 5.1, in Asia from 5.1 to 2.6 in
Latin America from 5.0 to 2.7 and with (5) to the European countries, the birth rate is
below the replacement level. This means fewer people being born for every elderly person.
For instance, by 2050, Spain risks being the oldest country in the world. The explanation (6)
for this is the fact that women have become better educated and would rather (7)
a career than enjoy motherhood. Therefore, they (8) bringing up many children
and being out of work for long periods of time.
(9) , the worlds population will continue to increase (10) the ageing
population. This will happen because of an overall rise in life expectancy, especially in the
developed countries. The main reason for this is that many diseases which were fatal in the
past, can be (11) nowadays.
 In view of those facts, experts argue that 8.9 billion people is more than our planet
will be able to take. Others who have a more pessimistic outlook on life (12) that we
are already on the point of not being able to sustain the current population.
1. A. combined B. unlike C. competed D. compared
2. A. brings B. takes C. has D. gives
3. A. as B. alike C. likewise D. like
4. A. give away B. reveal C. describe D. speak out
5. A. connection B. view C. respect D. relation
6. A. given B. made C. supported D. told
7. A. chase B. create C. pursue D. advance
8. A. avoid B. omit C. prevent D. prohibit
9. A. All in all B. After all C. All the same D. Once and for all
10. A. in spite of B. although C. even though D. whereas
11. A. healed B. cured C. defeated D. beaten
12. A. advise B. accuse C. threaten D. warn

351 THE BEST STUDENTS

According to most professors, mature students are ideal students because they are
hard-working and become actively (1) in all aspects of the learning process.
The majority of mature students have a poor educational background but they (2)
to do exceptionally well at tertiary level. (3) many of them have a
mortgage, a job and children to (4) , they are always present at seminars and lectures
and always hand (5) essays on time. They like studying and writing essays and they
enjoy the class discussions that take place. Consequently, they (6) _ excellent results.
In fact, as they have (7) _ many of lifes pleasures, they are content with their lives
and this has a positive (8) on their attitude, making them (9) to learn.
On the other hand, despite their enthusiasm and commitment, mature students (10)
from anxiety. The fact that they have made many sacrifices to get into university
puts extra pressure on them to succeed. (11) , completing a degree gives mature
students a sense of achievement, boosts their confidence and (12) their job
prospects.
1. A. included B. involved C. related D. combined
2. A. manage B. succeed C. able D. capable
 3. A. However B. Despite C. Although D. In spite of
4. A. grow B. raise C. rise D. develop
5. A. up B. over C. out D. in
6. A. fulfil B. reach C. achieve D. earn
7. A. experienced B. known C. found out D. recognised
8. A. consequence B. affect C. conclusion D. effect
9. A. interested B. anxious C. eager D. impatient
10. A. suffer B. resist C. tolerate D. complain
11. A. Likewise B. Nevertheless C. Furthermore D. Otherwise
12. A. creates B. advances C. progresses D. improves

352 ALTERNATIVE FAST FOOD

It is generally agreed upon that fast food is a great solution to the problem of what to
eat. However, its (1) as less nutritional than a healthy meal, which is what growing
children need. For years, nutritionists have been trying to get children into the (2) of
eating healthy food. Without a doubt, this has not been easy, (3) in mind that they
have had to compete with numerous fast food restaurants which are very popular with young
people.
Nutritionists have lately (4) up with an idea which could prove to be
successful. This involves (5) children how to cook and the process to enjoy the taste
of fresh food. In the long run, this may keep them (6) fast food. There are already a
number of school projects throughout Britain that are experimenting with the idea. They
begin by making vegetarian pizza (7) the dough and the topping. Many children
were (8) with their own home-made pizzas. When they compared their pizzas with
ready-made ones, the differences were noticeable. They found the latter greasy and not (9)
delicious as the home-made ones. Throughout the lessons, the children learn about
quality and become skilful in the different techniques (10) in cooking. They become
interested in cooking and (11) they even learn how to look after themselves by
eating nutritious food.
Finally, nutritionists would like to get children cooking at home. It may be messy, but,
its also a(n) for parents to spend quality time with their children.
1.
3. A.
A. regarded
keeping B.
B. observed
getting C.
C. noticed
staying D.
D. recognised
holding
2.
4. A.
A. custom
got B.
B. routine
caught C.
C. habit
gone D.
D. trend
come
5. A. learning B. teaching C. studying D. facing
 6. A. out of B. back C. off D. up with
7. A. both B. neither C. all D. either
8. A. enthusiastic B. astonished C. keen D. impressed
9. A. much B. as C. even D. more
10. A. involved B. included C. respected D. addicted
11. A. on time B. at times C. in no time D. in time
12. A. ambition B. opportunity C. position D. reduction

353 KILLER PLANTS

People consider all plants to be harmless. But that is not the case with carnivorous
plants, otherwise known as killer plants.
Carnivorous plants are every insects nightmare, as the insect cannot recognised (1)
the colour of the plant and the sweet liquid on the inside of its leaves. However,
once it has landed, sensitive hairs on the leaves signal the plant to pump a small amount of
water around the leaves, which makes them partially (2) . By this time, the insect has
(3) it is in trouble, because the hairs on the edges of the leaves have formed bars
which trap the insect inside. (4) , there is little chance of the insect (5) .
Carnivorous plants thrive in areas where the soil is poor. (6) the (7)
supply of nutrients, they get what they require from live insects. Among the plants of this
category is the Venus flytrap; native of North and South Carolina, USA. It produces small
white flowers and its leaves consist (8) two bright lobes. It is (9) that one
Venus flytrap will eat around five thousand flies in its lifetime. If necessary, it will even
consume small spiders. Surprisingly, the largest prey are (10) to have been found in
traps in the topics. Carnivorous plants there have captured animals the size of birds or small
rodents.
So, heres a word of (11) . Dont (12) a mistake and tease a flytrap
with your finger. You might not get it back!
1.
4. A.
A. refuse B. deny
On second thougts C.
B. reject D. resist
Under these circumstances
2. A.
C. close
On the contrary B. to be closed C.
D. to
In close
vain D. closing
3.
5. A.
A. agreed
to escape B.
B. recognised
escape C.
C. known
to eascaping D.
D. realised
escaping
6. A. As for B. Because of C. As well as D. Regardless of
7. A. short B. shortage C. inadequate D. lack
8. A. of B. with C. from D. in
9. A. guessed B. predicted C. estimated D. assumed
 10. A. reported B. presented C. commented D. announced
11. A. instruction B. advice C. direction D. tip
12. A. perform B. do C. make D. try

354 SUMMER IN THE CITY

Summer is a wonderful season because it means sun, beaches and having fun.
However, summer in the city can make one suffer a mixture of airborne gases and heat can
(1) something of a mini-greenhouse effect, which is (2) to our health. This,
in turn, brings (3) a rise in temperature, making it essential to seek (4) in
an air-conditioned building. Some cities even have the added problem of smog. This,
combined with the heat makes conditions unbearable.
Asthmatics, who are considered to be more (5) during the summer season,
are ones who are (6) the most by these conditions and their lives are often (7)
. It is therefore important that these people (8) going out when pollution
levels are high. According to official record, the increase in temperature coincides with a
higher number o deaths. Twenty percent more people die from heart attacks or are killed in
car accidents. However, there is hope for city dwellers. Expert say that the situation can be
(9) if way pay more (10) to looking after our environment. One step would
be to (11) the number of vehicles and limit heavy industry, which produce toxic
emissions. Even (12) dark-coloured roofs with lighter-coloured ones can cause a
drop in temperature of up to 4 Celcius.
1.
6. A. result
A. appealed B. gain
B. attacked C. obliged
C. create D. affected
D. remain
2.
7. A.
A. wrong
warned B. suspicious
B. endangered C. damaged
C. serious D. risked
D. harmful
3.
8. A.
A. about
omit B. up
B. prevent C. ban
C. round D. avoid
D. along
4.
9. A.
A. rescue
imroved B.
B. guard
progressed C.
C. shelter
recovered D.
D. caution
saved
5.
10. A.
A. sensational
care B.
B. sensitive
attention C.
C. sensible
interest D.
D. influenced
caution
11. A. demolish B. lower C. reduce D. destroy
12. A. replacing B. urging C. advancing D. exchanging

355 THE MYSTERY OF THE VANISHING BEES

Most people are probably aware that honey, the natural sweetener that man has been
using for thousands of years, is (1) by bees; but perhaps fewer of us realize just how
important these (2) creatures are to farmers. Bees pollinate fruit and vegetable
crops; it has been said that every third mouthful we eat depends (3) _ a bee having
pollinated one or more of the ingredients, but now farmers in the United States are (4)
a major problem. American bees are dying and nobody knows why. Making sure
crops are (5) pollinated has become big (6) in the United States.
Beekeepers load their hives onto huge lorries and transport them (7) _ the country to
pollinate the farmers crops. When the bees finish their work in one state and return to their
hives, they are taken on to another state. The problem became apparent when bees (8)
to return to their hives, with some beekeepers losing more than 70 percent of their
insects. It soon became clear that the bees were flying off and dying in huge (9) .
Now the race is on to find the cause and, hopefully, the solution/. (10) , some
beekeepers are importing bees from other countries in the hope that they will be (11)
to whatever it is that is killing their American cousins. Only time will (12) .

1. A. manufactured B. created C. produced D. generated

2. A. short B. miniature C. minute D. tiny
3. A. from B. on C. to D. about
4. A. meeting B. finding C. sloving D. facing
5. A. fairly B. precisely C. properly D. distinctly
6. A. business B. industry C. work D. production
7. A. through B. around C. over D. along
8. A. failed B. missed C. ignored D. stopped
9. A. quantities B. numbers C. levels D. amounts
 10. A. Apart from this B. From then on C. In the meantime D. Nevertheless

11. A. opposed B. hostile C. defensive D. resistant

12. A. tell B. say C. prove D. show

356 THE BEST BRITAINN

Its time for the Planetsong Music Competition again. Several British hopefuls
are working hard ahead of the finals in Brussels in the hope of (1) the contest for their
country. Like the other contestants, Marcus Inman is excited to have an (2) to
present his nation. He says that its every boys dream to perform for his country at the (3)
level. Marcus adds that he believes the contest is the most important music event of
the year and that he feels he has a (4) to do his very best for the UK.
Marcus isnt a newcomer to the music business, though. He was (5) _ the lead
singer of the noted heavy rock band, The Fortress. His bands first album sold hundreds
of thousands of copies and as a (6) their first single, Missing a Piece of the Puzzle
(7) number one in the music charts. After his huge achievement, Marcus (8)
his mind to take short break form recording songs. However, he assures everyone
that his new PlanetSong ballad mean hes well and truly back! He says that he is hoping
that the judges will like his unique singing (9) as much as the Brits do. Whatever
happens, though, he has (10) a promise that he will not (11) even if he is
unsuccessful this time around. Weve got our fingers (12) for you, Marcus!
1. A. winning B. earning C. gaining D. beating
2. A. appointment B. occasion C. option D. opportunity
3. A. highest B. steepest C. tallest D. biggest
4. A. service B. duty C. job D. task
5. A. lately B. recently C. previously D. currently
6. A. reason B. cause C. reaction D. result
7. A. took B. reached C. arrived D. grabbed
8. A. got on B. put down C. set out D. made up
9. A. way B. kind C. style D. pattern
10. A. taken B. made C. given D. said
11. A. give up B. hold back C. get out D. fall away
12. A. stretched B. raised C. folded D. crossed
357 EXPLORING THE PANTANAL
Photojournalist David Rafferty was recently offered the chance to explore the worlds
largest wetlands. The Pantanal is (1) in the Brazilian sate of Mato Grusso do Sul,
but also spreads into parts of Bolivia and Paraguay. In fact, Rafferty was amazed to learn that
is bigger than many small countries! His adventure began in the state that it is than many
small countries! His adventure began in the late capital of Campo Grande, where he took a
short plane (2) to Corumba. One there, he (3) for the wetlands by boat.
Then, taking (4) only food, water and a camera, David and his guide began their
journey into the (5) .
For David, the Pantanal was a photographers paradise. He says that the area boasts a
wide (6) of open landscapes ranging from wondrous lakes and lagoons to fantastic
forests and mountains. It was enough to (7) tears to his eyes, he tells us. Davids (8)
of career means that he has been fortunate enough to see some of the worlds most
amazing places, but he claims that the Pantanals breathtaking beauty was (9)
comparison. During his expedition, he also (10) an abundance of wildlife, including
some of the worlds rarest (11) of reptiles and mammals.
Davids photographic exhibition. Undiscovered Paradise, can be seen at the
Northridge Arts Centre in Central London until the (12) _ of June.
1. A. placed B. set C. settled D. situated
2. A. ride B. tour C. trek D. excursion
3. A. went off B. took away C. made away D. set off
4. A. over B. on C. along D. with
5. A. unbelievable B. unknown C. impossible D. unclear
6. A. variety B. choice C. mixture D. collection
7. A. carry B. take C. fetch D. bring
8. A. decision B. choice C. option D. pick
9. A. past B. above C. beyond D. over
10. A. came across B. took away C. picked up D. found out
11. A. samples B. classes C. species D. members
12. A. completion B. end C. lastest D. finish
358 FOOD TO FEAR
 We all know that eating too much junk food is bad for our health, but did you know
that eating some kind of health food could be just as bad for you?
Michel Simon, who (1) the Centre for Informed Food Choices in the USA,
says there are sugary sports drinks that are as unhealthy as cola. These drinks may be (2)
for marathon runners, but for kids doing ordinary exercise, they may end up doing
more (3) than good.
Breakfast cereals, which of course are very (4) with kids, have also been
criticised: Whilst they are often high in fibre, some of them (5) a lot more sugar know
as health snacks have also been added to black (7) . Although they look and sound
nutritious, in most (8) they are much tastier than they are healthy for you. For
example, some types of dried fruit were (9) _ to have more fat and sugar than the fruit
they were (10) from.
Set next time you decide to cut down (11) junk food, think twice about what
you end up eating (12) .
1. A. founded B. invented C. constructed D. arranged
2. A. precious B. beneficial C. worthy D. valuable
3. A. loss B. injury C. damage D. harm
4. A. popular B. known C. common D. famous
5. A. involve B. consist C. contain D. include
6. A. come B. started C. brought D. arrived
7. A. guide B. account C. column D. list
8. A. purposes B. cases C. occasions D. situations
9. A. searched B. discovered C. found D. realised
10. A. created B. produced C. formed D. developed
11. A. with B. from C. for D. on
12. A. or else B. instead C. in place D. alternatively

359 ACCIDENT PRONE

According to a recent study, personality could determine how likely you are to be
involved in an accident. In fact, it could be the most important (1) behind around q
quar4t5er of all mishaps.
 The (2) have found that there are three key personality traits that may make
some people more accident prone than others. Firstly, (3) levels of aggressiveness or
 selfishness may (4) people more at risk of having accidents as individuals with these
characteristics are often highly competitive and therefore more likely to not follow
instructions and to (5) rules. It also seems that those who have very open
personalities may also have more accidents as these (6) of people can be dreamy and
(7) concentration. Finally, people who arent very dependable or (8) may also
be more at risk.
Not everyone, (9) _, agrees with the studys (10) . A spokesperson for
an accident prevention organization said: We must (11) responsibility for our
actions and educate people to prevent accident (12) blaming our personalities.
1. A. item B. point C. factor D. detail
2. A. investigators B. inventors C. explorers D. researchers
3. A. high B. wide C. steep D. top
4. A. bring B. put C. carry D. make
5. A. refuse B. reject C. ignore D. deny
6. A. portions B. kinds C. forms D. varieties
7. A. lack B. need C. lose D. miss
8. A. suitable B. acceptables C. appropriate D. responsible
9. A. however B. therefore C. nevertheless D. moreover
10. A. solutions B. discoveries C. answers D. findings
11. A. draw B. receive C. accept D. have
12. A. other than B. apart from C. morethan D. instead of

360 RETURN TO THE BRITISH SEASIDE

The British began to take trips to the seaside after the creation of bank holiday in 1871.
Coastal towns such as Bournemouth and Blackpool enjoyed great popularity with
families(1) the benefits of sea-water bathing and (2) air. However, when the airline
industry started to offer low (3) flights to sunnier destinations in the 1970s, many British
people started taking their holidays (4) . This resulted in a lack of investment into
seaside resorts and before (5) many of them were no longer the attractive, lively places
they once were. However, improved water quality, cleaner beaches and warmer. British
summers have all helped to (6) people back to the British seaside. Also, many people are
now preferring to take shorter (7) and dont want to waste time queueing at airports.
 (8) to say, facilities, attraction and the quality of hotels and guesthouses in many resorts
have improved dramatically. There are many reasons why a holiday at the seaside is
appealing. You can slowly (9) along the seafront with a bag of fish and chips, go
windsurfing, look for crabs in rock pools or (10) sot in a deckchair and watch the
world go (11) . And if the British weather (12) _
you down, you can always go shopping for souvenirs or visits a gallery or museum.
1. A. looking B. seeking C. searching D. finding
2. A. pure B. natural C. fresh D. cool
3. A. price B. cost C. expense D. money
4. A. away B. outside C. abroad D. beyond
5. A. while B. time C. soon D. long
6. A. push B. interest C. attract D. persuade
7. A. stops B. pauses C. rests D. breaks
8. A. Needless B. Unnecessary C. Useless D. Unhelpful
9. A. skip B. stroll C. stride D. stumble
10. A. simply B. only C. lately D. merely
11. A. along B. by C. across D. forward
12. A. lets B. makes C. puts D. sets

361 VOLUTEERING

When Pamela Jarrett left university to become a primary school teacher, is was by no
(1) easy to find a job. She therefore decided to go abroad as a volunteer teacher for a
year. When she realised she would be teaching deaf and blind children, she was a (2)
taken aback. But after a months training she felt more confident that she would be able to
(3) with the situation.
The basic living conditions also (4) as something of a shock. Pamelas school
was situated in a remote Ethiopian village, where her accommodation (5) of one room
and a shared bathroom. Not only was the space cramped, (6) there was no electricity,
Internet or telephone access, so she felt totally cut (7) from the out side world.
 Now back home in Britain, Pamela has used her (8) experience to set up a
similar school. The specialised help she offers to the and blind has made a huge (9) to
dozens of children who would (10) find themselves struggling to learn.
Pamela would certainly like to revisit Africa someday. At the moment, though, she is
concentrating her efforts on (11) her school to cater for children with other learning
difficulties, too. It seems as if the more people get to know her, the (12) the demand is
for her skills.
1. A. extent B. way C. account D. means
2. A. somewhat B. quite C. little D. rather
3. A. cope B. manage C. handle D. succed
4. A. and B. came C. arrived D. proved
5. A. consisted B. contained C. composed D. combined
6. A. and B. but C. then D. also
7. A. out B. down C. away D. off
8. A. priceless B. worthy C. valuable D. precious
9. A. difference B. change C. transformation D. contrast
10. A. besides B. otherwise C. alternatively D. instead
11. A. widening B. stretching C. expanding D. growing
12. A. taller B. larger C. steeper D. greater

362 A TRUE PIONEER

Marco Polo is probably the most famous traveler-explorer of the Far East. He was
born in 1254 and was the son of an Italian merchant living in Venice, an important trade
centre at that time. Marco was well educated and also very curious, (1) particular
interest in different cultures. His father had already travelled to the Far East (2) times,
and in 1271, when Marco was seventeen, he decided to take Marco with him on his journey
to China along the Silk Road, a series of trade (3) through Asia.
They (4) out from Venice, travelled through Armenia, Persia, and
Afghanistan, and along the Silk Road. After travelling for (5) three years, they finally
arrived at their (6) _; the summer (7) _ of the emperor Kublai Khan at Shang-tu,
close to modern-day Beijing. Marco Polo (8) in love with the city and became close
to Kublai Khan, advising him on many (9) .
 Marco Polo left a (10) account of his journey to China and his stay there. (11)
the fact that he was not really a historian, he also wrote a long history of the Mongol
people. Not everyone agrees that Marco Polos stories are real. However, fiction or not, they
have captivated readers (12) the centuries.
1. A. showing B. puttinag C. presenting D. giving
2. A. few B. plenty C. several D. assorted
3. A. ways B. routes C. courses D. tracks
4. A. made B. went C. put D. set
5. A. beyond B. after C. over D. above
6. A. position B. destination C. goal D. location
7. A. place B. habitat C. residence D. institution
8. A. fell B. went C. set D. dropped
9. A. tasks B. matters C. themes D. questions
10. A. specific B. proper C. particular D. detailed
11. A. Dispite B. Owing C. Due D. Although
12. A. during B. throughout C. in D. by

363 THE SECRET OF A LONG LIFE

Growing older is a natural process that we cannot avoid. However, some people
manage to keep their looks for longer than others, and live to a (1) old age. So, what
exactly is their secret?
Age is (2) by many to be a mental attitude. As our minds and bodies are not
therefore to live a long life. Others stress the (4) _ of having an interesting occupation.
Having a deep interest in whatever you do (5) to a more fulfilled and active life.
Many also recommend yoga or other types of physical exercise. Everybody, young or
old, can (6) from regular exercise and spending time with others.
Some, on the other hand, (7) old age without taking special care of their
health. But research has showed that people who (8) to a low-calorie diet have a
greater chance of living longer. Of course, having access to good medical care (9) a
difference, too.
 Recent studies suggest that people with more high-powered jobs are healthier, as are
people who have (10) a good education. But scientific opinion (11) changing.
Maybe longevity just depends on genes or perhaps its (12) down to good luck.

1. A. ripe B. ready C. plump D. prime

2. A. valued B. considered C. suggested D. mentioned
3. A. different B. individual C. divided D. separate
4. A. importance B. strength C. greatness D. power
5. A. runs B. result C. leads D. directs
6. A. benefit B. advance C. win D. take
7. A. get B. touch C. reach D. grap
8. A. stay B. stick C. hold D. remain
9. A. shows B. has C. is D. makes
10. A. taken B. made C. received D. owned
11. A. maintains B. continues C. stays D. keeps
12. A. usually B. hardly C. simply D. only

364 AT HOME ABROAD

Every year thousands of people travel to Britain or to improve their standard of
English. For many, however, this can be (1) _ experience due to the fact that it involves
(2) a strange school, staying in sometimes unpleasant accommodation and living in
an (3) culture. One (4) to these problems is the Homestay and living in an (5)
to their language requirements and interests, who they then stay with throughout their
course. As well as giving individual tuition, the teacher (6) the student with
information about what activities are available locally and (7) them on trips. The idea
(8) Homestay is for students to be totally immersed in English language and culture.
Students get between ten and twenty hours of tuition a week and are also expected to (9)
the familys daily activities. The students speak English at all times and therefore
learn how to use the language in everyday (10) . Homestay programmes usually (11)
for up to four weeks. Although costs are higher than of regular language schools,
students can feel (12) that they will be receiving top-class language teaching in a safe
and pleasant environment.

1. A. a sore B. a painful C. a hurtful D. an aching

2. A. attending B. going C. studying D. learning
 3. A. unknown B. inexperienced C. unfamiliar D. unaccustomed
4. A. reply B. reaction C. key D. answer
5. A. right B. proper C. suited D. correct
6. A. advises B. suggests C. offers D. provides
7. A. goes B. takes C. brings D. fetches
8. A. between B. before C. behind D. beside
9. A. join in B. go along C. tie up D. connect with
10. A. positions B. parts C. backgournd D. situations
11. A. last B. stay C. stand D. remain
12. A. self-assured B. reliable C. confident D. believed

365 ROLLS-ROYCE
The name Rolls-Royce has been associated with high-quality car for over a century.
The first Rolls-Royce was produced in 1905, as the result of the (1) efforts of Charles
Stewart Rolls and Frederick Henry Royce.
Rolls, an upper-class Londoner who was (2) _ at Eton and Cambridge
University, started a company in 1902 to sell motor-cars. Royce, an engineering genius, (3)
from a working-class background. He began his apprenticeship in a railway
workshop at the age of 14, but by the age of 21 he had (4) up his own engineering
business. Royce designed several motor-cars, and his first experimental model (5) in
1903. (6) after that, he was the first English to die in this way. Royce, however,
continued work on their shared dream, and (11) to develop his first aero-engine in
1915. The Rolls-Royce Merlin aeroengine later powered British fighter aeroplanes in World
War II. On Royces death in 1933, the famous Rolls-Royce monogram was changed from red
to black as a (12) of respect for the great man.
1. A. connected
10. A. spite B. mixed
B. case C. collected
C. fact D. combined
D. order
2.
11. A.
A. schooled
went on B. educated
B. kept up C.
C. taught
got by D.
D. trained
saw through
3.
12. A.
A. came
note B. arrived
B. message C.
C. grew
signal D.
D. arose
sign
4. A. put B. set C. made D. brought
5. A. appeard B. showed C. presented D. developed
366 MACHU PICCHU
6. A. Early B. Shortly C. Briefly D. Quickly
The city of Machu Picchu, in Peru, South America, is considered to be one of the
7. A. shaping B. building C. forming D. constructing
most breathtaking sights in the world. It was built by the Incas in about 1450, when the Inca
8. A. earned B. awarded C. deserved D. succeeded
9. A. got B. knew C. found D. met
Empire was at its most powerful. What makes this city so unusual is that it is (1)
2,430 metres above sea (2) , on the top of a mountain ridge in the Andes Mountains.
Machu Picchu is so remote that the Incas had to take a long, treacherous path through
the Andes to get to it. To this day, historians still (3) how the Inca people were able
to build this stone city so high up (4) the use of modern technology. The Incas were
expert builders, carving the rocks perfectly and (5) them together so well that you
cannot slide a knife (6) _ the stones.
Astonishingly, the (7) of the world only learned of the citys existence after an
American historian, Hiram Bingham, (8) it on 24 July 1911. Previously, only a few
local people were (9) of the city. It has now become a popular tourist (10) .
People walk for up to four days on the Inca Trail through the Andes Mountains to (11)
this amazing city and admire the spectacular (12) from the top.

1. A. situated B. placed C. set D. settled

2. A. line B. height C. level D. point
3. A. think B. wonder C. doubt D. imagine
4. A. unless B. except C. apart D. without
5. A. fixing B. suiting C. fitting D. mixing
6. A. between B. through C. among D. against
7. A. other B. rest C. remainder D. part
8. A. discovered B. invented C. created D. realised
9. A. alert B. sensitive C. aware D. familiar
10. A. direction B. loacations C. position D. destination
11. A. arrive B. reach C. finish D. achieve
12. A. scene B. image C. look D. view

367 TIPS FOR FLYING

 The number and length of flights has increased sharply in the past few years and the number
of passengers on long distance flights is also higher. As the human body was not designed
for flying, people can (1) if they are on an aero plane for a long time. Therefore, it is
important to (2) certain measures to increase your comfort. In the air, your body is
more (3) to the effects to alcohol, coffee, tea and rich or fatty foods, so it is best to (4)
these the day before you leave as well as during the flight. A long-distance journey
often (5) travelers feeling stiff, because they have been sitting in one (6) for
several hours.
In order to reduce the (7) of this happening to you, there are some exercises you can
do while you are flying. (8) this, a hot shower taken after the flight can be an
effective (9) of minimizing stiffness. If you wear loose clothing made from (10)
materials, such as cotton, you will feel more comfortable as your skin will be able to
breathe more easily. Your skin suffers in other ways too, becoming drier (11) you
have left the ground this can be avoided, however, if you (12) some skin cream with
you.
1. A. agonise B. endure C. tolerate D. suffer
2. A. have B. make C. take D. do
3. A. fragile B. sensitive C. delicate D. weak
4. A. avoid B. delete C. prevent D. ignore
5. A. results B. leaves C. causes D. makes
6. A. situation B. points C. space D. position
7. A. chances B. accidents C. opportunities D. fortunes
8. A. Apart B. Except C. Besides D. Despite
9. A. route B. way C. direction D. path
10. A. real B. physical C. pure D. natural
11. A. once B. since C. while D. until
12. A. bring B. fetch C. take D. get

368 OXFORD
Some people say that Oxford is the most attractive city in England. Whether this is (1)
 or not, it is certainly worth a visit. It is also ideal for a day (2) from London,
as there are regular trains and buses at fifteen-minute (3) which only take about an
hour to get there.
 You should (4) plenty of time to visit Oxfords unique and varied range of
historic attractions. What is probably of most (5) _ to the visitor is the famous
University with its different colleges. You can (6) several of these elegant historic
buildings in a day, as the majority of them are (7) walking distance of one other.
Many of the oldest and most remarkable colleges are centrally (8) , and most are open
to visitors in the afternoon. It is good idea to check before visiting, (9) , as opening
days and times vary.
The two rivers that (10) through the city are another major attraction for
residents and tourists (11) . Both the Thames and the Cherwell rives are lined with
lush green vegetation, and a stroll along their (12 ) or a leisurely boat ride is the
perfect way to round off a day of sightseeing. Different kind of boats are available for hire at
several central locations from April to September.

1. A. real B. genuine C. honest D. TRUE

2. A. travel B. trip C. journey D. voyage
3. A. gaps B. breaks C. spaces D. intervals
4. A. agree B. permit C. allow D. let
5. A. attention B. interest C. notice D. curiosity
6. A. look around B. see through C. find out D. check up
7. A. inside B. under C. beneath D. within
8. A. located B. addressed C. placed D. positioned
9. A. yet B. despite C. however D. although
10. A. lead B. flow C. pour D. move
11. A. likely B. same C. alike D. similar
12. A. banks B. edges C. fringes D. sides

369 MUSIC TELEVISION

At 12:01 on 1 August 1981, a new American cable TV channel broadcast the video
aof a song by The Buggies called Video Killed the Radio Star. This was the moment MTV
was born. Before this, pop and rock artists relied on radio to (1) their audiences, but
now audiences could actually see their favourite bands (2) their greatest hits on a TV
channel entirely (3) to music.
 Some critics (4) channel would fail, and some musicians felt annoyed about
having to act and dance in videos to win over fans. Other artists, (5) _ as Madonna
and Michael Jackson, took (6) of the coverage, and it helped to make them into cultural
icons. MTV both influenced and was influenced by the young generation, and the channel
had an (7) on style, fashion and trends.
Over the following years, MTV (8) globally, bringing music television to
Europe in 1987 and Asia ten years later. Nowadays there are few people in the world who
have not (9) of MTV. Since the channels humble beginnings, the firsts channel.
Todays audience (11) continents and generations.
Today, there is no longer an emphasis on music alone, and the channel also has quiz
shows, reality shows and films. The original idea of music television is a distant (12) .
1. A. touch B. reach C. catch D. stretch
2. A. show B. act C. perform D. display
3. A. specially B. devoted C. interested D. closed
4. A. checked B. confirmed C. proved D. believed
5. A. such B. like C. just D. same
6. A. benefit B. advantage C. profit D. assistance
7. A. impact B. improvement C. impression D. inspriration
8. A. enlarged B. hightened C. expanded D. increased
9. A. known B. noticed C. listened D. heard
10. A. see B. look C. watch D. view
11. A. jumps B. crosses C. meets D. matches
12. A. reminder B. past C. history D. memory

370 VEGETARIANISM
Until recently, vegetarianism was fairly uncommon in Britain, and it is still
considered strange by some. But since the 1960s its popularity has increased greatly, to the
(1) that high street stores stock a huge variety of products for vegetarians.
The reasons people give for not eating meat are (2) . Perhaps most
vegetarians do it for moral reasons, arguing that it is (3) to skill. The opposing
point of view is that it is (4) for us to kill for food, and that we have
evolved to do so. Still, there are societies where are eating meat is not allowed because it is
(5) their religion.
 There are other good reasons to (6) meat, one of which is the inefficiency of
livestock farming. A single (7) of soya been plants can actually (8) 200 times
as much protein as the number of cattle which could be raised on the same (9) of
land, so a vegetarianism world might be a world without hunger.
Although it is, in theory, cheaper to eat only vegetables, vegetarianism is most (10)
in richer countries such as Germany and Britain, where many people (11)
meat for health reasons. In these countries, at least, it (12) to be a matter of choice
rather than necessity.
1. A. meausure B. extent C. length D. distance
2. A. several B. lots C. numerous D. dozens
3. A. FALSE B. wrong C. faulty D. mistaken
4. A. real B. physical C. natural D. genuine
5. A. against B. beside C. opposite D. across
6. A. turn away B. put down C. cut off D. give up
7. A. pitch B. field C. farm D. place
8. A. produce B. achieve C. creat D. establish
9. A. amount B. total C. area D. size
10. A. liked B. famous C. known D. popular
11. A. exclude B. prevent C. escape D. avoid
12. A. finishes off B. goes through C. comes up D. turn out

371 THE MAN IN THE IRON MASK

The Man in the Iron Mask lived three hundred years ago in the Bastille, a prison
in Paris notorious for its bad conditions. He was (1) to the prison in 1698 and (2)
the rest of his life there, dying at the age of 60 in 1703. To this day we are still not (3)
of his true identity. The famous writer Voltaire was the first to write about this mysterious
prisoner, who was never actually seen (4) when his face was hidden by an iron mask.
In 1789, when angry citizens forced their (5) into the Bastille, they came (6)
an unusual iron mask. The Bastille record books showed the mask belonged to
prisoner number 64389000 Man in the Iron Mask. Anyone who had read Voltaires story
would already have (7) about this mysterious prisoner. After further investigation, it
was found that he had been buried under the name of Marchioli. The question has often been
(8) as to the mans identity. Some say he was a French Duke or perhaps an Italian
 diplomat. Voltaire himself (9) the idea that the prisoner was the older brother of King
Louis XIV, son of Louiss mother but not of his father, and that the kind did not want the (10)
to learn of this. Voltaires theory could (11) the mans separation from other
prisoners, the mask used to hide his face and why his guards (12) him with such
respect.
1. A. transferred B. removed C. replaced D. put
2. A. settled B. passed C. spent D. finished
3. A. right B. secure C. definite D. certain
4. A. unless B. except C. beside D. apart
5. A. path B. road C. route D. way
6. A. against B. over C. across D. by
7. A. known B. understood C. believed D. recognised
8. A. mentioned B. raised C. demanded D. requested
9. A. gave up B. brought down C. put forward D. let through
10. A. community B. public C. population D. society
11. A. describe B. express C. reason D. explain
12. A. treated B. acted C. cared D. dealt

372 HOMES
Some of the very first homes were caves, which had walls and ceilings that (1)
wind, rain and prowling animals, and floors where people could sit or sleep. Gradually, as the
centuries (2) , people learned to build different kinds of homes. They needed homes
that were (3) for the place where they lived, and they used (4) that were
available locally. In dry places, houses were made of mud or clay. Where there was (5)
of wood, people built houses of logs or boards. On grassy (6) , they built homes of dry
grass. People who lived near rives made rafts or houseboats, or houses raised above the
ground on stilts. Houses today are (7) built bearing the local environment and
conditions in (8) . Residents of very hot places need houses that will keep them (9)
, while people in the frozen north need houses that protect them from the cold. Indeed,
the climate affects many of the (10) of a house, such as the size, position and number
of windows. Where weather conditions are extreme, (11) example, windows tend to be
 smaller. Our homes, comprising modern blocks of flats, (12) a lot in common with
those first caves, since they protect us against the weather and give us a safe place to sleep.

1. A. kept out B. help up C. put away D. carried off

2. A. ran out B. passed up C. went by D. fell behind
3. A. fitted B. suitable C. matching D. agreeable
4. A. supplies B. fabrics C. materials D. objects
5. A. plenty B. sufficient C. enough D. much
6. A. stages B. flats C. levels D. plains
7. A. more B. still C. ever D. yet
8. A. mind B. memory C. thought D. idea
9. A. lukewarn B. frozen C. chilled D. cool
10. A. factors B. points C. features D. sides
11. A. as B. for C. by D. like
12. A. keep B. are C. have D. like

373 ELEPHANT ROUND-UP

Every year a spectacular festival takes place in the town of Surin in Thailand. People
arrive from all corners of the country, and far (1) , to celebrate the magnificent Asian
elephant. These elephant are often used in Thailand for (2) work such as hauling
timber. In former times, the King rode an elephant into battle, and the (3) _ of the best
must have (4) fear into the hearts of the enemy. The fact that Thailand has never been
defeated by another country is thanks in (5) to the elephant. Whats more, many
believe that Thailands outline (6) like the head of an elephant. The Surin Elephant
festival is (7) as a tribute to these precious animals, and it has (8) in popularity
over the years. It starts with three hundred elephant marching through Surin city. Once they
arrive, the feasting begins. The elephants quickly consume the fruit (9) before them.
Over the next two days, these great creatures (10) at the elephant stadium to entertain
onlookers by (11) feats of strength and intelligence. there are elephant races, elephant
football and a tug-of-war between one elephant and a hundred men. To (12) the event,
the elephants are dressed in full war costume of a splendid war elephant parade. Its a show
few people would want to miss.
1.
5. A.
A. beyond
part B.
B. over
share C.
C. outside
piece D.
D. apart
section
2.
6. A.
A. strong
shows B.
B. tough
appears C.
C. hard
seems D.
D. firm
looks
3.
7. A.
A. view
paid B. sight
B. held C.
C. vision
made D. passed
D. look
4. A. knocked B. hit C. beaten D. struck
 8. A. developed B. multiplied C. grown D. expanded
9. A. put up B. set out C. done in D. made up for
10. A. group B. collect C. crowd D. gather
11. A. acting B. conducting C. performing D. producing
12. A. round off B. put through C. turn out D. close up

374 THEMYSTERIOUSISLE
In the early morning of 23 January, 200, the most powerful for a decade hit western
France. With wind speeds in (1) of 120 miles per hour, it flattened forests, (2)
down power lines and caused massive destruction to buildings and roads. But it also left
behind and extraordinary creation. Seven miles out to sea at the (3) where the Atlantic
Ocean meets the estuary of the River Gironde, a small island had (4) _ out of the water.
Locals soon gave it the name The Mysterious Isle. What was so remarkable, (5) its
sudden apparition, was the fact that the island (6) _ intact in what is often quite a hostile
sea environment. It could well become a permanent (7) .
Scientists (8) realized that the islands appearance (9) a unique
opportunity to study the creation and development of a new ecosystem. Within months, it
had been colonized by seabirds, insects and vegetation. Unfortunately, however, they were
not alone in (10) the island attractive. It became increasingly difficult to (11)
the site from human visitors. In its first year, day trippers came in powered dinghies, a
parachute club used it as a landing strip, and a rave party was seven (12) there one
night.
1.
9. A.
A. surplus
offered B.
B. excess
awarded C.
C. advance
proposed D.
D. put
delivered
2.
10. A.
A. brought
regarding B.
B. fetched
deciding C.
C. carried
seeking D.
D. sent
finding
3. A. scene
11. A. protect B. preserve
B. mark C. stage
C. prevent D. point
D. prohibit
4.
12. A.
A. lifted
made B. held
B. grown C.
C. risen
done D. surfaced
D. given
5. A. in spite of B. instead of C. on account of D. apart from
6. A. prolonged B. resided C. remained D. persevered
375 SEASIDE ARTIST
7. A. item B. feature C. matter D. issue
He was once a textile designer for a leading fashion house, but these days Andrew Ruffhead
8. A. hastily B. briskly C. quickly D. speedily
turns seaside rubbish into art. Andrew is what is sometimes (1) a beachcomber. He
goes out gathering rubbish on his local beach, where all sorts of interesting things are (2)
up. He later uses these as the (3) materials for his artwork, mostly sculptures
and collages in the shape offish, like tuna, and crustaceans. (4) crabs and lobsters, has
been a great success with seaside fans all over the globe, with his funky fish drifting as (5)
 afield as Greece and Cape Cod in New England. (6) as Andrew can tell you
which beach the material from each sculpture came from, he is also (7) to know where
his work will be hung. It is this interaction with the public that he particularly enjoys. Open
to the public by (8) _. His small informal studio also (9) him with an opportunity
to get direct (10) from his customers. People often bring their own beach finds to the
studio, although they are not always willing to (11) their treasure, preferring to (12)
Andrews advice about how to make them into works of art. Its advice that
Andrews happy to give.
1. A. named B. known C. called D. entitled
2. A. thrown B. washed C. dumped D. tossed
3. A. raw B. crude C. plain D. natural
4. A. for instance B. such as C. for example D. much as
5. A. distant B. long C. far D. remote
6. A. Just B. Quite C. Rather D. Indeed
7. A. desire B. fond C. wish D. keen
8. A. schedule B. appointment C. timetable D. booking
9. A. produces B. gains C. gives D. provides
10. A. review B. opinion C. feedback D. report
11. A. part with B. let go C. give out D. leave off
12. A. search B. enquire C. pursue D. seek
376 CAVING
Caving is an adventure sport that, quite literally, takes you another world, but its also quite a
well (1) secret, enjoyed by a relatively small group of devoted enthusiasts. Caving (2)
for a range of skills because it involves climbing, squeezing and squirming your way
into openings in the Earths rocks to discover the many fascinating. Sometimes very large
and beautiful, caverns that (3) under the surface.
(4) its rather dangerous image, largely (5) thanks to rather sensationalist
television programmes, the sport has an excellent safety (6) so long as you go with a
qualified instructor or caving club. wearing a helmet and waterproof clothing, youre privy
to a hidden world of stalagmites and stalactites, although you may have to (7) through
torrential underground rivers and negotiate thunderous waterfalls in order to (8) the
most impressive spots.
The challenge of entering the unknown in the (9) dark can be, lets (10) it,
pretty terrifying, so its as well to choose your location carefully. And theres also a
conservation (11) _ behind the sport too, because caves are very (12)
environment that is easily damaged. All cavers are encouraged to take nothing but
photographs and leave nothing but footprints.
1. A. cared B. held C. kept D. minded
2. A. calls B. demands C. asks D. requires
3. A. stay B. sit C. rest D. lie
4. A. Moreover B. Despite C. Nonetheless D. Albeit
5. A. accepted B. admitted C. assumed D. acquired
6. A. report B. history C. record D. standard
7. A. wade B. amble C. stroll D. hike
8. A. manage B. arrive C. achieve D. reach
9. A. utter B. pitch C. full D. pure
10. A. own B. confront C. face D. grant
11. A. message B. opinion C. view D. notion
12. A. flimsy B. feeble C. frail D. fragile

377 CERAMICS FAIR

Its a sleepy village, whose main features are a central square with a fountain and an
unpretentious restaurant. (1) the place for an internationally famous exhibition
 attracting 15,000 visitors, one would think. Yet bussiere-Badil just that (2) in the
world of ceramics. (3) , when a pottery fair was first held there over 30 years ago,
it was the only one in all of France, and it is still the countrys only ceramics fair that (4)
four days.
But why here? There is a seam of clay which runs through the area, but it is red clay of the
type used to make files and bricks as (5) pots, so there is no (6) traditional of
art pottery. The idea of the fair started when a Portuguese potter by name of Miguel Calado
(7) a studio in the village at the (8) _ of the mayor, himself a local tile-maker,
who was (9) to put the region on the map.
And he has certainly succeeded. Every year, up to 40 potters from all over France and beyond
(10) on the village to display their wares in a huge purpose-built shed. (11)
on show range from the utilitarian to the decorative, with every nuances in between. And the
crowds come to look, to (12) at the potters art, and to buy.
1. A. Hardly B. Seldom C. Barely D. Unlikely
2. A. esteem B. respect C. label D. bearing
3. A. Indeed B. However C. However D. Otherwise
4. A. perseveres B. endures C. continues D. lasts
5. A. rather than B. opposed to C. instead of D. apart from
6. A. certain B. exact C. particular D. individual
7. A. turned up B. took up C. made up D. set up
8. A. persuasion B. advice C. instigation D. encouragement
9. A. determined B. convinced C. dedicated D. committed
10. A. gather B. converge C. assemble D. collect
11. A. Issues B. Topics C. Matters D. Items
12. A. astonish B. marvel C. amaze D. fascinate

378 GALAPAGOS: THE ISLANDS THAT CHANGED THE WORLD

I was lucky enough to fulfil an ambition and visit the Galapagos Islands two years ago. Its
only when you experience the place first (1) that you really appreciate why the early
explorers gave this isolated archipelago the (2) The Enchanted Isles.
(3) no substitute for a visit, this superbly attractive book provides a fascinating
commentary and scientific background to the Galapagos experience. BBC books have
(4)
 their usual high-quality job in producing the volume that will accompany their TV
series of the same name.
 Nothing can compare to exploring the strange landscapes, (5) up close and personal
with the unique wildlife and witnessing the rich biological and environmental history that is
so very apparent on the islands. However, this book does (6) close. The superb
descriptive prose of award-winning cameraman Paul Stewart is another plus (7) , as is
the fact that this is punctuated by his iconic photography. This book (8) in celebrating
the weird and wonderful sights and unique life (9) that are hidden amongst these
fascinating islands. It also comes (10) with a comprehensive gazetteer section. But
dont (11) read this book as an alternative to actually going, use it was the (12)
of inspiration for your own trip, a useful guide once youre there and stunning
reminder on your return.
1. A. foot B. person C. flesh D. hand
2. A. emblem B. badge C. label D. token
3. A. Despite B. Whilst C. However D. Whereas
4. A. done B. set C. made D. given
5. A. gaining B. reaching C. arriving D. getting
6. A. run B. go C. come D. pass
7. A. spot B. point C. mark D. tip
8. A. succeeds B. attains C. achieves D. obtians
9. A. sorts B. forms C. types D. ways
10. A. joined B. entire C. intact D. complete
11. A. merely B. hardly C. barely D. scarcely
12. A. base B. cause C. source D. origin

379 MR ESPRESSO
The idea that only an Italian is (0) capable of making the worlds greatest cup of coffee seems
to have been around forever, so universally is it (1) today. (2) it is actually a
fairly recent phenomenon. Emilio Lavazza, who died in 2010 at the age of 78, can (3)
much of the credit. He taught the world not only how to make coffee, but also how to
drink it. That may explain why Italy has still not been invaded by the American coffee-bar
chains so ubiquitous (4) in Europe.
Emilio Lavazza was born in 1932, and was a leading (5) in the generation of Italian
businessmen who (6) their family firms in the 1950s. these began to expand rapidly,
first around the country and then abroad as Italy (7) its log post-war economic
 expansions. This was the generation that (8) the seeds for what has (9) to be
known as Made in Italy , the (10) of companies and brands that make high-quality
household and consumer products, from fashion to food to furniture. These products are
identified with a (11) of craftsmanship on the one hand, and the elegant Italian
lifestyle on the other. Emilio Lavazza (12) sure that coffee became an inextricable
part of that heritage.
1. A. consented B. agreed C. accepted D. complied
2. A. Yet B. Thuogh C. Whereas D. Whilst
3. A. insist B. uphold C. demand D. claim
4. A. therefore B. elsewhere C. moreover D. wherever
5. A. creature B. symbol C. role D. figure
6. A. joined B. anlisted C. enrolled D. participated
7. A. entertained B. appreciated C. enjoyed D. benefited
8. A. set B. buried C. laid D. sowed
9. A. ended B. come C. finished D. gone
10. A. heap B. pile C. bundle D. cluster
11. A. range B. combination C. variety D. connection
12. A. made B. held C. took D. stood

380 RENEWABLE ENERGY COMES OF AGE

The British Wind Energy Associations was founded 30 years ago by a group of scientists. At
that time, the (1) alternative energy was used to describe the generation of wind,
water and solar power. These days, we tend to (2) to them as renewable energy
and the use of this name (3) a real change in their status. These sources of energy, (4)
from being alternative, have now become mainstream and are (5) to make a
significant contribution to the countrys energy needs in the future.
Tow closely linked developments (6) behind this (7) in status. Firstly, over
the past decade or so, the price of oil and gas has been rising (8) reflecting the extent
to which reserves of these fossil fuels are becoming (9) . However, price is only part
of the explanation. (10) _ as important is the growing consensus that carbon emissions
must be curbed. The scientific evidence for climate change is now irrefutable, and both policy
makers and the (11) public are finally in agreement that doing nothing about the
prospect of global warming is no longer a viable option. Renewable energy represents one
real way of (12) both issues.
1. A. caption B. title C. label D. term
2. A. consider B. refer C. mention D. regard
3. A. reflects B. reproduces C. reminds D. regards
4. A. long B. away C. apart D. far
5. A. put B. held C. set D. stood
6. A. sit B. reside C. recline D. lie
7. A. move B. shift C. switch D. jump
8. A. steadily B. serenely C. habitually D. equably
9. A. depressed B. decreased C. depleted D. debased
10. A. Still B. Just C. Much D. Yet
11. A. wider B. greater C. larger D. deeper
12. A. coping B. engaging C. addressing D. dealing

381 MESSAGES FROM THE STONE AGE

The pre-historic Chauvet cave painting in France are an incredible sight. They are over three
metres high and are painted in (1) colours. The paintings were (2) _ in a period
around 30,000 years ago, when early humans first started to create rock art and various (3)
of this have been found in caves in western Europe.
Very few people have (4) seen the Chauvet paintings because they are located (5)
inside an inaccessible underground cave system. But those that have say that they are
very impressive, showing animals (6) horses, rhinos and cows, and that the artwork is
good enough to (7) modern compositions.
When they saw such spectacular beauty, however, the first scientists to (8) the
Chauvet painting missed some other important (9) . The walls of the cave are also
marked with a the series of lines and symbols, that were initially (10) as insignificant.
The latest research has shown that, on the (11) , these marks form a sort of code and
may represent humankinds first steps towards the development of writing. The oldest
example of writing discovered before this was only 5,000 years old.
The new research at Chauvet is (12) people to rethink their ideas about when written
communication first started.
 1. A. keen B. fair C. bright D. sharp
2. A. produced B. constructd C. manufactured D. invented
3. A. illustrations B. models C. cases D. examples
4. A. effectively B. actually C. eventually D. honestly
5. A. far B. thick C. deep D. dense
6. A. by means of B. such as C. as well as D. apart from
7. A. oppose B. compare C. compete D. rival
8. A. reach B. arrive C. meet D. know
9. A. instances B. matters C. details D. issues
10. A. regarded B. believed C. thougt D. agreed
11. A. otherwise B. opposite C. instead D. contrary
12. A. resulting B. causing C. making D. having

382 WHERE TO GO WHALE WATCHING

In a recent survey, people were asked to list the experiences they would most like to
have before they died. In response, a surprising (1) of people mentioned that theyd
like to see whales in their natural habitat. In (2) _ fact, this is an ambition that can be
(3) relatively easily.
It is (4) that the seas around Iceland are home to over 5,000 orca or killer
whales, as they are sometimes known. But their behaviour, and therefore your chances of
seeing them, varies (5) _ to the season.
It summer, the whales have a (6) to hang out near the coast and can be seen
swimming up fjords and inlets. During the winter months, however, the animals are generally
to be found (7) out at sea. (8) season you choose for your trip, whale-
watching trips are very easy to organize and theres a (9) chance youll get to see
other whale species too.
Besides Iceland, another option is to (10) for northern Norway between
October and January. Orcas arrive here at this time of year in (11) of large shoals of
herring, which are an important (12) of their diet. If youre lucky, you might even see
some spectacular displays of the northern lights during your time there.
1.
5. A.
A. number
depending B.
B. amount
according C.
C. quantity
relying D.
D. crowd
agreeing
2.
6. A.
A. real
custom B.
B. TRUE
trend C.
C. actual
habit D.
D. honest
tendency
3.
7. A.
A. answered
longer B.
B. rewarded
further C.
C. honoured
broader D.
D. fulfilled
wider
4.
8. A.
A. guessed
Whichever B.
B. counted
Whoever C.
C. estimated
Whenever D.
D. totalled
However
 9. A. fine B. bright C. good D. great
10. A. pick B. set C. point D. head
11. A. hunt B. follow C. pursuit D. seek
12. A. thing B. part C. meal D. food

383 THE GESTURE INTERFACE

Whats called the Gesture Interface is the latest idea in the field of personal technology, and
its a great one. At the (1) , if we want mobile (2) to the Web, we have to
travel around with things like laptops, smartphones and e-readers in our bags or pockets. The
inventor of the Gesture Interface has (3) up will a way of doing this using only
something weve (4) around with us for millions of years-our hands.
The idea is (5) on simple technology that is already in existence. (6) carrying
around the usual hardware, you have a small wearable device on your hands. This contains a
projector, a camera and wireless technology to (7) you to the Web. It also has
sensors which read and interpret simple hand gestures. For example, when you want to (8)
a photograph, simply make a frame around the image with your hand and click your
fingers. The device (9) out what you want and operates the camera. If you want to
(10) a book, then the device projects the pages onto the palm of your hand.
Its great idea and I think its very (11) to become a success. When I told my teenage
son about it, he couldnt (12) to start using one.
1. A. present
10. A. consult B.
B. moment
refer C.
C. current
research D.
D. minute
seek
2.
11. A.
A. access
probable B.
B. entry
bound C.
C. line
possible D.
D. link
likely
3.
12. A.
A. found
long B.
B. thought
wait C.
C. come
stand D.
D. done
hope
4. A. delivered B. carried C. brought D. fetched
5. A. begun B. started C. founded D. based
6. A. Instead of B. Along with C. Except for D. Apart from
384 SLACKLINING
7. A. sign B. downloads C. connect D. log
Slacklining is a new outdoor activity which has become quite popular in Londons
8. A. make B. get C. do D. take
parks. All you need if you want to (1) a go at slacklining is two trees about fifteen,
9. A. meets B. reckons C. works D. knows
metres (2) a five centimeter-wide strap of around the same length and the equipment to
(3) the strap to the trees.
The slacklining is not a rope, but a flat piece of strong webbing material. The (4)
is that you try to walk along the line without (5) your balance. As the line is
usually (6) about a metre or so above the ground, there is no (7) risk of injury if
 you dont (8) to stay on the line. Other street sports, such as skateboarding and parkour
are much more dangerous.
Basically, slacklining (9) quite a lot of practice, but it is something that you can learn
to do. At first, most people like to (10) _ on a to friends hand until they get used to the
feeling of the moving line under their feet. Typically, as (11) as they let go of their
friend, however, they (12) . Its harder than it looks, but most people get there in the
end, and more experienced slacklining even learn to do tricks.
1. A. make B. get C. put D. have
2. A. between B. apart C. separate D. among
3. A. attach B. join C. unite D. stick
4. A. plan B. target C. aim D. schedule
5. A. dropping B. missing C. slippingt D. losing
6. A. stood B. positioned C. settled D. arranged
7. A. great B. deep C. wide D. tall
8. A. realise B. achieve C. manage D. cucceed
9. A. requires B. requests C. calls D. asks
10. A. keep B. hold C. touch D. stay
11. A. long B. well C. soon D. fast
12. A. fall off B. trip over C. knock down D. pull out
385 VERA NEUMANN: FABRIC DESIGNER
Vare Neumann was an artist, designer and businesswoman whose products found
their way into the homes of people across the USA in the second half of the twentieth
century.
Vera was born in Connecticut in 1907 and showed artistic (1) from an early
age. After (2) art college in New York, she got a job as a textile designer on Seventh
Avenue, but didnt like being (3) what to do. Determined to develop her own styles,
Vare built a silk screen at home which fitted neatly on to her dining-room table. She started
to produce domestic textiles (4) tableware each (5) printed by hand and
cured in the oven in her kitchen.
But it was her scarves that (6) Veras name. Good fabric was in short (7)
during the Second World War, but Vare was lucky enough to (8) across some silk left
over from the manufacture of parachutes. Vera used it to design scarves with floral, abstract
and geometric designs. There were an (9) success when they appeared in department
stores. (10) , during the 1950s they were the (11) of fashion, being worn by
celebrities such as the film star Marilyn Monroe. By 1960, the company which Vare had (12)
was employing 200 staff and producing 130 patterns per season.

1. A. training B. expert C. talent D. gift

2. A. applying B. going C. studying D. attending
3. A. led B. told C. directed D. forced
4. A. widely B. greatly C. mostly D. broadly
5. A. item B. portion C. issue D. matter
6. A. got B. did C. made D. gained
7. A. delivery B. availability C. quantity D. supply
8. A. fall B. happen C. come D. run
9. A. instant B. urgent C. acute D. extreme
10. A. However B. Indeed C. Nonetheless D. Otherwise
11. A. heigt B. peak C. top D. crown
12. A. worke out B. set up C. carried off D. put on

386 WHAT IS A COINCIDENCE?

A coincidence is as a surprising thing that happens to us. For example, you and a
friend both go shopping on the same day. You dont go together and dont discuss your
 shopping plans in (1) . When you (2) up afterwards, youre amazed to discover
that youve each bought an identical T-shirt. By (3) you each chose to buy the same
one. Many people (4) coincidences as significant. Did you and your friend
communicate with each with each other in some subconscious way? What does it tell you
about your friendship? Well, the simple (5) could be that, being (6) friends, you
have similar taste in clothes.
In reality, life is (7) _ of coincidences, but normally we dont notice them. For
example, in almost 50 percent of all football matches, two players share the same birthday.
This seems surprising, (8) that there are 365 possible birthdays in the year. But most of
these matches will be played without anybody being (9) that the coincidence exists.
(10) your birthday is today or tomorrow, you dont generally go around telling people
when it is. Whats more, without realizing it, you probably (11) into contact with lots
of people born on the same day as you. But when a coincidence is (12) to your attention, it
still seems amazing.
1. A. advance B. beforehand C. ahead D. previous
2. A. link B. join C. meet D. unite
3. A. fortune B. chance C. luck D. fate
4. A. believe B. think C. consider D. regard
5. A. explanation B. definition C. motivation D. resolution
6. A. tight B. close C. strong D. near
7. A. heavy B. rich C. full D. crowded
8. A. except B. given C. even D. instead
9. A. noticed B. known C. intelligent D. aware
10. A. Therefore B. Whereas C. Unless D. Meanwhile
11. A. come B. make C. have D. go
12. A. taken B. brought C. carried D. shown

387 KARAKAMIA WILDLIFE SANCTUARY

The karakamia reserve is located not far from Perth in Western Australia. Suburban is
not usually a word that you (1) with a wildlife paradise, but Karakamia is actually part
of the township of Chidlow. The land was purchased by the Australian government in 1991
with the (2) of protecting threatened species of indigenous species introduced by
European settlers, (4) foxes, cats and rabbits.
 The sanctuary (5) its name from the Aboriginal word meaning home of the
red-tailed black cockatoos, and at dusk the air is (6) with the calls of these birds. This
is when the sanctuary is at its most magical. A guided walk by spotlight is the perfect way to
experience it. Many of the animals are quite tame, which means you can (7) them at
close quarters and get an idea of what Australia was like (8) to European
coloniasation.
(9) on the Swan River coastal plain, the sanctuary is home to a (10)
variety of animals. Of particular appeal are woylies, which are like small kangaroos,
bandicoots and brush-tailed possums. As is the (11) with any wild creatures, to get the
best views you need to keep perfectly still and (12) them come to you.
1. A. plan B. accompany C. target D. refer
2. A. proposal B. aim C. keep D. hold
3. A. catch B. send C. indicating D. involving
4. A. intending B. including C. gains D. takes
5. A. bears B. finds C. completed D. packed
6. A. filled B. crowded C. spot D. glance
7. A. ahead B. notice C. observe D. prior
8. A. Laid B. former C. Put D. advance
9. A. tall B. Risen C. Set D. strong
10. A. common B. deep C. case D. wide
11. A. way B. allow C. same D. leave
12. A. wait B. associate C. regard D. let

388 OLD SKILLS: NEW PRODUCTS

It seems that when it comes to traditional crafts, everyone agrees that they shouldnt
be allowed to (1) out. But if ancient skills which have been (2) down from
generation to generation are going to survive, then there must be a viable (3) for them.
(4) it may seem to go against tradition, sometimes the future lies in finding new uses
for old products.
A good example is the cloth (5) as Harris tweed, which is produced on an
island off the northwest coast of Scotland. A few years ago, there was only one full-time
weaver of the cloth left on the island. It was all that (6) of an industry that once
employed a large (7) of local people.
 But local producers are now providing material for use in a (8) of fashionable
handbags, hats and furnishings. This (9) in the fortunes of the industry all started way
(10) in 2004, when a sample of Harries tweed was sent to Nike, the sportswear
manufacturer. The company decided to use the material on a trainer called The Terminator
to demonstrate how (11) a traditional material can be incorporated into a modern
product. This (12) to a large order for cloth, which involved lots of people on the
island rediscovering the ancient skill of weaving.
A. end B. die C. run D. finish
A. brought B. carried C. handed D. taken
A. market B. business C. commerce D. trade
A. Providing B. Although C. Given D. Despite
A. seen B. referred C. regarded D. known
A. resumed B. recalled C. remained D. repeated
A. number B. extent C. degree D. amount
A. pick B. choice C. mixture D. range
A. turn B. change C. switch D. move
A. ago B. past C. back D. since
A. certainly B. especially C. actually D. effectively
A. led B. resulted C. caused D. followed

389 SPEED DATING

One of the problems facing single people today is finding the right person to marry.
Some people consult with friends or answer personal ads while others try speed dating- a
new method of finding the (1) partner.
A speed dating evening is easy to organize. All you need is a suitable location and (2)
numbers of male and female participants, who sit in pairs and talk for exactly three
minutes. Each participant tries to make a good (3) on the other.
As soon as the time is up, a bell rings, everyone changes places and sits with someone
new. After each encounter, participants (4) a report card and indicate which person
they would like to meet again. The people in (5) of the evening collect the cards,
match up the couples and give them a phone number so they can (6) contact.
 Of course, speed dating doesnt (7) to everyone. Some say its not very
romantic but doesnt seem to (8) the participants, all of whom are on a mission to find
love as quickly as possible. Speed dating is therefore popular among busy working people
with little time to (9) searching for mate. In fact, in a society where text messages and
emails have (10) lengthy phone calls and letters, whats wrong (11) trying to
make dating more efficient, too? After all, most participants feel they have nothing to lose
and everything to (12) . At worst, you still go home alone. But at best, you might meet
the love of your life in the next three minutes.
1. A. specific B. exact C. perfect D. special
2. A. similar B. equal C. same D. alike
3. A. impression B. effect C. impact D. influence
4. A. write down B. add up C. note down D. fill in
5. A. command B. charge C. care D. order
6. A. open B. keep C. be D. make
7. A. suit B. attract C. appeal D. interest
8. A. interfere B. disturb C. distract D. bother
9. A. take B. spend C. devote D. invest
10. A. removed B. overtaken C. changed D. replaced
11. A. with B. about C. for D. by
12. A. win B. profit C. gain D. achieve

390 ANTI BULLYING WEBSITE

At the age of 17, Katie Neu and Rob Frenette set up a unique website. It was the first
anti-bullying site in Canada to be created by teenagers. The website, which was (1) in
December 2006, (2) readers with information, articles and advice about bullying. The
site is managed by volunteers who put in (3) _ hours of work helping people deal with
situations of bullying. These volunteers offer their (4) to victims of bullying and give
them (5) when needed. Katie is also trying to (6) public awareness about
bullying by organizing a national anti-bullying day. In 2008, she managed to get (7)
150 schools to participate in the event, and she hopes even more she take part in the future.
Katie started the site because of her own personal (8) of being bullied over a
long period of time. The years of bullying (9) affected Katie and she left school as a
result, continuing her education at home. While nothing can make up for those years, Katie is
glad she (10) whit the idea for the website. She gets satisfaction from the belief that
she is fighting for a (11) cause. Although she realizes that bullying cant be completely
stopped, she hopes that the website will help (12) some of the bullying that affects
children.
1. A. born B. invented C. launched D. discovered
2. A. provides B. adds C. arranges D. gives
3. A. widespread B. generous C. countless D. overwhelming
4. A. usefullness B. services C. benefits D. arrangements
5. A. development B. donation C. contribution D. assistance
6. A. engage B. raie C. lift D. make
7. A. closely B. generally C. fully D. approximately
8. A. experience B. practice C. training D. life
9. A. largely B. extremely C. sincerely D. deeply
10. A. set aside B. came up C. took over D. paid off
11. A. fair B. right C. worthy D. true
12. A. control B. protest C. oppose D. solve

391 FEAR OF FLYING

Most of us dont think twice about traveling by air. However, an (1) number of
people are terrified of flying. In fact, recent (2) shows that the (3) might be as
high as 35 out of every 100 people. When these people get on a plane, its quite (4)
that their hands will become sweaty and their hearts will race. Luckily, proper treatment can
go a (5) way towards helping them overcome their fear of flying, or aviophobia, as it is
called. One kind of treatment that has recently had (6) success is virtual reality
therapy.
In this therapy, the experience of being on a flight is recreated. First, people deal with
the feeling of being in an airport if they (7) to this situation with stress and anxiety,
they are taught how to relax before going to the next (8) . This might be boarding the
aeroplane and walking down the (9) to their seat. Step by step, they learn to overcome
their fears by (10) different relaxation techniques. Finally, after learning to manage a
virtual flight, they are able to get on a real plane without going to (11) _. As air travel is
so important today, more and more people are (12) advantage of virtual therapy so that they
can also fly without fear.
1. A. enthusiastic B. increased C. extensive D. astounding
2. A. experiment B. argument C. research D. theory
 3. A. figures B. amounts C. sums D. worth
4. A. apparent B. available C. ready D. likely
5. A. far B. long C. distant D. wide
6. A. countless B. foremost C. heavy D. significant
7. A. answer B. respond C. reply D. comment
8. A. stage B. time C. period D. platform
9. A. corridor B. line C. way D. aisle
10. A. referring B. concerning C. applying D. enforcing
11. A. parts B. pieces C. slices D. sections
12. A. taking B. having C. making D. getting

392 AFTER THE VOLCANO

If you visit the islands of Santorini in Greece, you will see how a volcanic eruption
can affect a region. Thousands of years ago there was only one island here called Thera. Then
in 1500 BC, a volcanic eruption (1) in a huge explosion that formed the group of
islands that we see today. Experts say the people living on Thera (2) to the eruption
managed to escape before the volcano destroyed their town. Some of the walls of this ancient
town (3) intact and can still be seen at the archaeological site on Thera. Visitors to
Santorini can also tour another of the islands, Nea Kameni, where they can have the (4)
experience of seeing an active volcano from (5) up. This island is now a (6)
site where scientists (7) data about volcanoes. (8) admiring the (9)
scenery, visitors also enjoy the unusual black sand on the islands beaches. This sand comes
from type of stone called basalt, which is volcanic in origin. Santorinis volcanic activities hav
affected the agriculture in the area. The region is (10) for an excellent white wine with a
very special taste that comes from the (11) level of ash in the ground. It is no
wonder that this region (12) thousands of tourists every year.
1.
8. A.
A. caused
In spite B.
B. made
Although C.
C. created
Despite D.
D. resulted
Apart from
2.
9. A.
A. before
extravagant B.
B. prior
spectacular C.
C. lasting
amazed D.
D. back
astounding
3.
10. A.
A. remained
called B.
B. held
seen C.
C. left
known D.
D. kept
referred
4.
11. A.
A. wild
high B. large
B. huge C.
C. thrilling
heavy D.
D. breathtaking
strong
5.
12. A.
A. near
brings B.
B. close
appeals C.
C. here
attracts D.
D. next
catches
6. A. watched B. saved C. defended D. protected
7. A. gather B. choose C. gain D. approach
393 TECH CAMPS
 Tech camps are (1) _ for young people who are interested in computers and
computer programming. The camps offer courses that (2 wide range of subjects, from
computer animation (3) to graphic design. In addition, you will probably be given a
special (4) to complete, like creating your own computer game. You must be (5)
to work hard to finish your project on time, but you will have the satisfaction of taking
it home with you and showing it to all your friends!
Another exciting (6) of tech camps is that they are very often held on a
university (7) . This means you will have (8) to university computer labs and all
the (9) computer equipment and programs that they have.
Tech camps are not for everyone, but if you are willing enjoy the experience. And you
neednt worry that tech camp is all work and no play. There are lots of traditional camp
activities (11) sports like swimming and basketball, and also (12) to local places
of interest.
1. A. founded B. raised C. designed D. set
2. A. deal B. cover C. demand D. suit
3. A. techniques B. approaches C. ways D. types
4. A. study B. experiment C. homework D. assignment
5. A. enthusiastic B. organised C. prepared D. agreeable
6. A. fact B. view C. information D. aspect
7. A. building B. campus C. site D. location
8. A. seating B. contact C. opening D. access
9. A. sophisticated B. mature C. experienced D. difficult
10. A. give B. pay C. invest D. put
11. A. counting B. including C. holding D. engaging
12. A. excursions B. travels C. voyages D. journeys
 394 THE WOLFMAN
Most people would be (1) with fear if they saw a wolf. But not Shaun Ellis.
Shaun, also known as the Wolfman, has been studying wolves for over 20 years.
In order to gain (2) _ into the behaviour of these animals, Shaun spent seven
years in the USA studying wolves, and even living among them. Then in 2005, he spent 18
months living with three young wolves at a wildlife park in the UK. Having been born in (3)
, none of the wolves had ever had a chance to (4) with other wolves. But Shaun
knew a lot about wolves so he (5) up with an unusual idea: he would move in with the
animals and teach them how to behave like wolves in their (6)
habitat. Not (7) , no one expected him to carry (8)
th
this experiment successfully. However, after living with the wolves for 18 months,
Shaun (9) his goal. The animals even accepted him as their
leader.
Shauns time with the wolves and the knowledge he acquired about them has paid
(10) in another way. Shaun has been able to give (11) to farmers on how to
protect their animals from wolves that live in the (12) of their farms.
1. A. still B. terrified C. anxious D. paralysed
2. A. instinct B. insight C. experience D. view
3. A. welfare B. refuge C. care D. captivity
4. A. raise B. interact C. benefit D. react
5. A. thought B. brought C. came D. found
6. A. natural B. typical C. wild D. endangered
7. A. particularly B. indifferently C. exceptionally D. surprisingly
8. A. out B. off C. for D. though
9. A. dedicated B. developed C. achieved D. succeeded
10. A. off B. up C. in D. out
11. A. solution B. assistance C. service D. charity
12. A. visibility B. location C. district D. vicinity

395 WHY HELP OHTERS?

 One aspect of human behaviour that scientists find interesting is our desire to help
others. Some experts claim that this is not a natural tendency. The (1) _ these experts put
forward is that we only assist other people if it is our own (2) to do so. We are kind to
 people because we may need their help at some time in the future. We hope that if we have
behaved well towards people, they will be more (3) to treat us kindly.
This suggest that whenever were are considerate toward someone, we are in fact
acting (4) . However, according to one study, this may not always be the case. The (5)
in the study were asked to play an online game in which they were asked to give away
some money. While the players were (6) in the game, many of them were willing to
share money with the others who were (7) part in the experiment, despite the fact they
did not (8) from this in any way. The scientists who (9) the experiment also
analysed the players DNA samples. The scientists found a relationship between these
peoples DNA and their willingness to be generous. The scientists reached the (10)
that some people are naturally kind and helpful without expecting anything in return.
Similar behaviour has actually been (11) in the chimpanzee. In experiments,
these animals have acted in a very (12) way towards their fellow chimps.
1. A. impression B. argument C. technique D. discussion
2. A. interests B. wishes C. rights D. needs
3. A. expected B. possible C. likely D. probable
4. A. typically B. selfishly C. arrogantly D. intentionally
5. A. members B. actors C. demonstrators D. participants
6. A. interested B. active C. involved D. conditioned
7. A. taking B. being C. playing D. doing
8. A. expect B. extend C. thrive D. benefit
9. A. performed B. carried C. conducted D. constructed
10. A. conclusion B. ending C. decision D. argument
11. A. known B. observed C. watched D. shown
12. A. interactive B. behavioural C. lively D. cooperative

396 FLYING INTO THE EYE OF THE STORM

Hurricanes, which are storms with extremely (1) _ winds, are found mainly in
the West Atlantic Ocean. If the winds dont (2) down before the hurricane hits land,
the storm can leave a (3) of devastation behind, as it rips (4) building and blows
down trees.
 Meteorologists are able to follow hurricanes as they develop, thanks to
photographs provided bv satellites. More detailed information can be supplied by (5)
equipment
carried in aeroplanes which are flown by skilled pilots right into the centre or eye of the
hurricane. Such flights can last up to eight hours and involve flying back and (6)
through the hurricane. In this way, accurate data regarding wind speeds, temperature and air
pressure is (7) . The pilots who go in (8) of this valuable information are putting
their lives at (9) so that scientists can more fully understand the size and direction of
each hurricane, as well as the processes that (10) in a hurricane. All this is need
because (11) storms cant be confidently (12) without it.
1. A. strong B. tough C. full D. heavy
2. A. reduce B. stop C. die D. drop
3. A. path B. trail C. corridor D. line
4. A. ahead B. around C. about D. apart
5. A. prestigious B. sophisticated C. special D. established
6. A. front B. forward C. forth D. over
7. A. gathered B. taken C. counted D. measured
8. A. demand B. desire C. look D. search
9. A. trouble B. rick C. chance D. danger
10. A. result B. forecast C. cause D. bring
11. A. arriving B. proceeding C. approaching D. reaching
12. A. guessed B. known C. assumed D. predicted

397 SAFETY FIRST

Most fashion designers do not have safety in mind when they pick out material for
clothes. But when choosing material for sports clothes, it is very important to be safety (1)
. This is particularly true with (2) to clothes for extreme sports. Luckily, a team
of scientists has recently developed a material that (3) safety concerns into account.
This fabric, which (4) a layer of silicone, is now being used to make clothing for
extreme sports because it has a special quality. It (5) soft unless the wearer is (6)
in an accident of some kind. When this happens, the material immediately hardens to
protect the wearer from injury, becoming soft again moments later.
The people developing the material are sure that it will make a major (7) to sports
safety in (8) . In addition, they also (9) _ that it will be important for other
purposes. For example, it could be used for the (10) of workers in the construction
industry, protecting them from injury on a building site.
 Clearly, this new material has raised the (11) _ for safety performance in clothes.
What is more, because it is soft and flexible, it is easy to make the clothing both comfortable
and (12) .
1. A. concerned B. proof C. aware D. conscious
2. A. ragard B. relation C. interest D. attention
3. A. makes B. puts C. gets D. takes
4. A. controls B. includes C. holds D. consists
5. A. comes B. lasts C. continues D. remains
6. A. engaged B. involved C. occurred D. survived
7. A. rise B. donation C. contribution D. increase
8. A. general B. total C. whole D. full
9. A. perceive B. observe C. anticipate D. react
10. A. benefit B. advantage C. gain D. profit
11. A. point B. standard C. ideal D. demand
12. A. fashionable B. latest C. cosmetic D. current

398 GIRLS AND CRIME

Statistics that were published in the United States show that more girls are involved (1)
crime than ever before. Between 1992 and 2003, the summer of girls arrested for (2)
violent crimes rose over 40 percent. Some experts (3) that the media is to blame
because they show an increasing amount of (4) behavior among women in films and
television programs. In addition, modern methods of communication such as email and
texting have made bullying easier.
However, other experts refuse to admit that a problem concerning girls and crime really
exists on a large (5) _. They claim that the actual number of crimes among girls is far (6)
increasing. Instead, they believe that a change in the policy of the police (7) of
the country accounts for a (8) number, if not be the majority of, the arrests made in
recent years. The police no longer ignore certain crimes, as they did in the past. In addition,
many actions which were (9) seen as minor offenses are now considered to be real
crimes.
Despite these differences, most experts agree that it will be impossible to stamp (10)
such crime completely. However, they want the government to (11) _ action
immediately in order to (12) the amount of crime by girls in the community.

1. A. about B. at C. in D. over
2. A. doing B. acting C. displaying D. committing
3. A. argue B. fault C. blame D. persuade
4. A. severe B. tense C. aggressive D. loud
5. A. range B. scale C. number D. way
6. A. away B. to C. by D. from
7. A. teams B. forces C. groups D. people
8. A. good B. strong C. major D. fair
9. A. commonly B. prominently C. potentially D. memorably
10. A. onto B. out C. under D. into
11. A. get B. make C. have D. take
12. A. reduce B. eliminate C. prevent D. ban

399 TOUGH LOVE

Tough love is a system of rules where strict measures are used as a means (1) helping
teenagers change their dangerous or unacceptable behaviour. This (2) _ was first used by
Phyllis and David York in the 1970s, when their daughter was (3) guilty of a serious
crime robbery. They only allowed her to return home after she had completed a special
behavioural program and found a job.
Today, over 700 branches of the Tough love movement have been set (4) all over the
world. Parents who participate in the program are encouraged to take a stand. This means
they should (5) long-term goals for their children. At the same time, parent must
decide on a bottom line or basic standard of behaviour that they expect from thire
children.
(6) of tough love believe that parents dont help their children develop by (7) a
blind eye towards bad behaviour. Instead, the best way of building (8) of character in
their children is to give them a (9) to make a change in themselves. This can be done
by setting objectives that these teenagers can achieve. In addition, to ensure the program has
a (10) and lasting impact on the teenager, friends and teachers should also be involved.
The ideas behind Tough Love are now so (11) that even parents who are not (12)
involved in the movement are adopting its principles. In fact, several official programs
for teenagers with drug or alcohol problems are based on Tough Love principles.
 1. A. to B. for C. of D. by
2. A. phenomenson B. measure C. observation D. method
3. A. accused B. found C. caught D. convicted
4. A. down B. aside C. along D. up
5. A. lay B. appoint C. establish D. display
6. A. Advocates B. Supports C. Warriors D. Authorities
7. A. putting B. turning C. giving D. making
8. A. strength B. force C. quality D. sense
9. A. break B. chance C. call D. signal
10. A. recognisable B. predictable C. significant D. persuasive
11. A. growing B. recognisable C. promiment D. widespread
12. A. directly B. mainly C. exactly D. totally

400 MENSA
Mensa is an organization for highly intelligent people. Mensa is interested in (1)
people with high intelligence or IQ and helping them develop in order to make more of
a (2) to society. Anyone who wants to join must get a high mark on a special test and
then pay a small fee. Those who have this intellectual (3) are in the top 2% of the
population.
Mensa was originally started in England in 1946 and since then, it has grown into an
organization of over 100,000 members in 40 countries worldwide. Members meet in local
groups where they listen to lectures, have an opportunity to (4) friends and discuss
things they (5) in common besides their intelligent. However, Mensa (10) such
claims, saying that these critics are (11) the point. Mensa members are just ordinary
people leading ordinary lives. They work in a variety of (12) professions and fields as
doctors, lawyers, teachers, authors, models and sportsmen and they represent all ages from
two and a half years old to 103!
1.
7. A.
A. indentifying
to B.
B. judging
in C.
C. justifying
on D.
D. revealing
with
2.
8. A.
A. breakthrough
honourable B.
B. benefit
influential C.
C. contribution
accomplished D.
D. difference
worthwhile
3.
9. A.
A. potential
suspected B.
B. opportunity
portrayed C.
C. sense
regarded D.
D. accomplishment
recognised
4.
10. A.
A. get
refuses B.
B. make
denies C.
C. take
prevents D.
D. keep
avoids
5. A. do
11. A. missing B. passing
B. are C. have
C. getting D. losing
D. share
6.
12. A.
A. enable
remarkable B. impressive
B. expect C. suit
C. motivating D. fit
D. respected
 401 THE PETRIFIED FOREST OF LESVOS
The Greek island of Lesvos is worth visiting for many (1) ; like other Greek islands it
(2) to tourists because of its beautiful beaches, breathtaking (3) _ and interesting
history. But one thing which makes it (4) from the other islands is a unique forest
called the Petrified Forest.
This forest, situated on the west of the island, has ancient trees which are millions of
years old. These have been (5) thanks to a volcanic eruption which occurred about 20
million year ago. When volcanic lava covered the trees, it did not destroy them but had an
interesting (6) . Through a chemical process, it actually (7) the plant life into
stone, which is why the forest remains there today.
Nowadays, the Petrified Forest is a protected area. However, it is (8) for people to visit
it and see the hundreds of ancient tree trunks, some of which are still standing. Visitors who
wish to learn more about the forest can visit a museum at Sigri, a small fishing village on the
west of the island. Petrified leaves, fruit, branches and roots, as well as similar items from
other parts of Greece are (9) at the museum. In (10) , visitors can (11) a
stroll through the botanical gardens located near the museum, where there is a (12)
selection of aromatic plants.
1. A. causes
10. A. regard B. goals
B. addition C. points
C. fact D.
D. reasons
advance
2.
11. A.
A. draws
make B.
B. enjoys
go C.
C. appeals
take D.
D. attracts
do
3.
12. A.
A. scenery
full B.
B. display
total C.
C. nature
broad D.
D. land
wide
4. A. unusual B. different C. strange D. varied
5. A. preserved B. saved C. kept D. remained
402 CAPTURING NATURE ON FILM
6. A. cause B. effect C. conclusion D. change
Geoff Mackley has an unusual but thrilling profession. He photographs natural disasters,
7. A. created B. developed C. made D. turned
often (1) his life at risk to get the best pictures he possibly can. According to Geoff, his
8. A. likely B. probable C. possible D. expected
fascination with nature photography began as a child. He (2) how his father used to
9. A. exhibited B. illustrated C. discovered D. represented
take him and his brothers on trips in freak weather (3) to see snowstorms and flooding.
They would take pictures from close-up whenever possible.
Geoff, who today is one of the best-known photographers in his field, invests an enormous
amount of time and (4) in his work. When he is not off chasing a storm or climbing
into a volcano, he is busy (5) data from Internet sites to help him (6) wherever
the next disaster may strike. Even in his spare time, Geoff focuses on work, exercising
regularly to maintain the high (7) of fitness he needs for his job. (8) Geoff is
never careless about his safety, he cannot completely (9) danger. (10) his
 cameras, he makes sure that he has all the equipment he needs, (11) fireproof clothing
when necessary!
Today, you can see Geoffs remarkable shots of volcanoes, earthquakes and tornadoes in
countless newspapers, magazines and television programmes. Despite the risks involved,
Geoff has no (12) of quitting any time soon!
1. A. putting B. facing C. taking D. making
2. A. reminds B. perceives C. recalls D. memories
3. A. circumstances B. conditions C. locations D. spots
4. A. power B. force C. strength D. energy
5. A. choosing B. editing C. gathering D. gaining
6. A. assume B. predict C. submit D. figure
7. A. point B. quality C. level D. requirement
8. A. Although B. In spite C. Despite D. However
9. A. postpone B. avoid C. protect D. resist
10. A. In addition B. As well C. Rather than D. Apart from
11. A. including B. counting C. convering D. providing
12. A. desire B. intention C. ambition D. interest
403 FASCINATED BY TARANTULAS
Sam Murshall, who is assistant professor of biology at Hiram College in Ohio, is an
archnologists: he studies spiders. Sam is especially (1) in tarantulas. In fact, he (2)
their company so much that he even kept a few in his room while at college! Luckily,
his roommate did not (3) to having Sams pets in the room.
Despite the growing number of people who keep tarantulas as pets, Marshall is one of only a
dozen arachnologists worldwide who (4) this interest. Many people consider tarantulas
to be (5) frightening creatures because they believe them to be deadly poisonous.
However, (6) their size and the venom they produce, tarantulas are rarely dangerous to
human beings they feed on insects as well as small animals like lizards.
What is also scary about tarantulas is they can grow very large, (7) in size from eight
to 30cm in length depending on the species. Tarantulas can also become (8) make a
loud hissing sound, but they dont try to bite very much.
One of the reasons that few arachnologists in the world specialize in tarantulas is that it is not
always easy to reach their (9) habitat. In fact, Sams search for these spiders has taken
him to places that are off the beaten (10) , like the jungles of South America or the
desert of Arizona. Through his travels, Sam has gathered a collection of around 500
tarantulas. He observes their behaviour and (11) _ out countless experiments to further
his own understanding of tarantulas and to (12) to scientific information about these
remarkable creatures.
1. A. interested B. dedicated C. engaged D. enthusiastic
2. A. benefits B. enjoys C. encourages D. complements
3. A. oppose B. prevent C. argue D. object
4. A. share B. participate C. join D. combine
5. A. possibly B. certainly C. particularly D. probably
6. A. despite B. although C. while D. because
7. A. differing B. going C. ranging D. stretching
8. A. furious B. aggressive C. wild D. urgent
9. A. common B. normal C. usual D. natural
10. A. way B. route C. track D. location
11. A. develops B. figures C. works D. carries
12. A. assist B. provide C. contribute D. give
404 THE WORK OF A TOP MAKE-UP ARTIST
Christine Blundell is a highly respected make-up artist, who made a (1) for herself
working on the film Topsy Turvy for director Mike Leigh. She generally works on three films
a year; the rest of her time is spent at the make-up academy she (2) some years ago.
According to Christine, her (3) in a project begins long before the first day of filming.
She is required to research the period the film is set in, in order to (4) that the make-up
and hairstyles are appropriate. In addition, she has to work out how much money it will take
to (5) all the make-up costs for the film. Apparently, her (6) for a film could be
as low as 500 or5 as high as 350,000.
Once filming actually begins, Christine and her team have to work very (7) hours.
They might be on set early as 4 am and usually (8) there throughout the day. The
pressure doesnt (9) _ when filming is over, as the make-up applied so carefully to the
(10) earlier in the day all has to be (11) off.
But despite the downsides, Christine finds her job very (12) . And while she always
stresses that it is far from glamorous, her work does provide her with opportunities to travel,
stay in luxurious hotels and, of course, meet the stars.
1. A. reputation B. name C. title D. profession
2. A. founded B. arganised C. originated D. invented
3. A. assistance B. connection C. involvement D. contribution
4. A. inquire B. control C. assign D. ensure
5. A. spend B. add C. cover D. buy
6. A. expense B. fund C. price D. budget
7. A. various B. long C. strict D. wide
8. A. keep B. last C. remain D. reside
9. A. let up B. put aside C. keep down D. turn off
10. A. crew B. group C. crowd D. cast
11. A. taken B. removed C. cleared D. put
12. A. valuable B. content C. fulfilling D. useful

405 THE ANGEL OF THE NORTH

Where in the world will be greeted by the sculpture of an angel? The sculpture, at Gateshead
in northern England, stands on a hilltop and is 20 metres tall. Its wings (1) for 26
 metres on either side of its body and are (2) to look like two open arms, welcoming
people to area. Known throughout Britain as The Angel of the North, the statue was created
by well-known British artist Antony Gormley, who succeeded in (3) across the
welcome message the wanted to convey.
Creating the sculpture was no easy task. Gormley had never built such a large statue before,
so he had to get engineers to help him with its (4) . They had to take (5)
consideration both the height and width of the structure in order to ensure it would not fall
over when there was a strong wind.
Built at a (6) of nearly 800,000 some people were (7) of the project because of
expense. (8) , the sculpture has become one of the most famous (9) _ in the
country, (10) thousands of tourists every year. In addition, local people say that The
Angel has had a (11) influence on the cultural life of Gateshead, (12) other artists
and architects to contribute to the city.
1. A. surround B. compose C. display D. extend
2. A. combined B. intended C. conveyed D. illustrated
3. A. getting B. giving C. coming D. making
4. A. development B. construction C. effort D. industry
5. A. into B. over C. by D. with
6. A. purchase B. cost C. fee D. price
7. A. angry B. opposed C. critical D. negative
8. A. However B. Although C. Despite D. In spite
9. A. details B. signs C. views D. landmarks
10. A. appealing B. encouraging C. drawing D. recommending
11. A. significant B. mostly C. serious D. intentional
12. A. persuading B. enabling C. engaging D. inspiring

406 THE DISAPPEARING LAKE!

The Magallanes region in southern Chile is (1) for its breathtaking scenery, which (2)
mountain peaks as well as beautiful lakes. But in June 2007, an (3) event took
place: one of the mountain lakes disappeared!
All that was left of the lake was a dry 40-metre-deep crater and some pieces of ice. These
pieces of ice had floated on the surface of the lake (4) to its sudden strange
disappearance. (5) from the ice, geologists noticed a hole in the bottom of the scater.
 At first, it was (6) that an earthquake had struck the area with such (7) that the
lake floor had cracked and the water had flowed away. But after geologists had gathered
some (8) about the empty crater, they (9) a different approach to explaining the
disappearance of the lake. They (10) it down to climate change. Apparently, high
temperatures had caused the mountain ice way and this (11) in all the water from the
lake flowing into the sea. It seems that climate change is taking its (12) in this region
of the world, as well as many others.
1. A. known B. called C. considered D. recognised
2. A. ranges B. involves C. includes D. contains
3. A. overwhelming B. extraordinary C. unheard D. unrecognised
4. A. before B. earlier C. previous D. prior
5. A. Despite B. Except C. Apart D. Besides
6. A. assumed B. realised C. perceived D. guessed
7. A. energy B. force C. scale D. pressure
8. A. data B. background C. reasons D. impressions
9. A. made B. went C. took D. thought
10. A. had B. considered C. placed D. put
11. A. caused B. resulted C. created D. led
12. A. effect B. fault C. trouble D. toll

407 A PARK FOR THAI LANDS ELEPHANTS

When touring Thailand several years ago, I decided to (1) advantage of the
opportunity go to the Elephant Nature Park, where visitors get a chance to (2)
elephants, one of Thailands symbols. Seeing elephants in their (3) habitat was real
learning (4) . It enabled me to (5) insight into the habits of these remarkable
creatures from close up. Apart from the thrill of seeing so many elephants, I also found out a
(6) deal about the history of the elephant in Thailand.
One hundred years ago, there were over 100,000 elephants in the country. Many lived in the
jungles and others were used as working animals to help local people (7) a living.
Sadly, over the last century, many of the jungles have been destroyed. In addition, many of
the working elephants were badly abused. As a result, their numbers have steadily (8)
and today there are no more than 5,000 elephants left.
This where the Elephant Nature Park comes in. the park, which is a (9) for over abused
or injured elephants, in run by a staff of volunteers and professionals. These dedicated people,
who (10) a lot of satisfaction from their work, (11) the elephants with a
safer home, where it is (12) for the animals to live out their lives in peace and dignity.
1. A. use B. have C. receive D. take
2. A. glance B. look C. observe D. check
3. A. common B. natural C. typical D. daily
4. A. experience B. event C. encounter D. opportunity
5. A. give B. gain C. learn D. share
6. A. positive B. significant C. generous D. good
7. A. make B. build C. get D. create
8. A. reduced B. lowered C. declined D. limited
9. A. captivity B. refuge C. site D. camp
10. A. put B. enjoy C. give D. get
11. A. provide B. contribute C. offer D. enable
12. A. likely B. available C. possible D. ready

408 YOUNG WOMEN IN SCIENCE

The Perry Outreach Progarmme, based in San Francisco, encourages, young women to
pursue careers in orthopedic surgery and biomechanical engineering. The programme, which
is (1) for teenage girls, offers them an opportunity to learn more about working in
these fields because according to statistics, most girls are (2) to go into these
professions. One possible reason for their (3) of interest could be that boys, in (4)
, are encouraged more than girls to study maths and science at school. With (5)
to orthopaedic surgery, its possible that girls are not (6) encouragement to enter the
profession because of the physical strength which is sometimes (7) to perform these
operations.
The girls participating in the Perry Outreach Programme actually watch female surgeons (8)
their skills in the operating theatre. They also attend workshops and take part in hands-
on activities which are (9) to orthopaedic surgery and biomechanical engineering.
Working under the personal (10) of women surgeons and engineers, the students learn
a great deal. Teenage girls are encouraged to reach their (11) potential in this way. The
organisers of the scheme hope that in the future they will see a significant (12) in the
number of women working in orthopaedic surgery and biomechanical engineering.
1. A. founded B. planned C. catered D. designed
2. A. uncommon B. unlikely C. rare D. unusual
3. A. indififference B. loss C. exclusion D. lack
4. A. actual B. whole C. general D. full
5. A. view B. regard C. point D. mention
6. A. given B. shown C. conveyed D. enabled
7. A. demanded B. sought C. desired D. required
8. A. demonstrate B. provide C. conduct D. share
9. A. related B. necsessary C. similar D. known
10. A. reputation B. supervision C. assignment D. interest
11. A. complete B. strong C. full D. total
12. A. rise B. extension C. development D. addition

409 LION WHISHPERER

Most of us would be (1) with fear if we suddenly saw a lion close by. But Kevin
Richardson thinks (2) of it. He spends his days playing, swimming and even sleeping
with lions and other wild cats. Kevin works at a South African nature reverse (3) as the
Lion Park. He has loved animals since he was a child, but he is (4) fond of lions and
has worked with them for over a decade, (5) _ a close relationship with the animals.
Because of his (6) experience with these animals, Kevin is very aware of the dangers
his work (7) . He interacts only with lions that he has (8) since they were very
young. Yet he has been injured several times. Even lions that have grown up in (9) , he
explains, are dangerous and must be treated like any other wild animals- with great respect.
Recently, the media has (10) a lot of attention on Kevins close relationship with these
lions. Television interviews and video clips of him playing with lions have been shown and
film about Kevins experiences with the lions has been (11) . A book on the subject has
been published too. Kevin hopes that his efforts will (12) in increased public
awareness about these remarkable creatures whose numbers have been greatly reduced in
recent years.
1. A. tense B. paralysed C. defenceless D. startled
2. A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything
 3. A. called B. known C. seen D. named
4. A. significantly B. absolutely C. exactly D. particularly
5. A. developing B. growing C. dedicating D. constructing
6. A. widespread B. extensive C. foremost D. major
7. A. involves B. affects C. consists D. maintains
8. A. cared B. grown C. raised D. looked
9. A. refuge B. supervision C. control D. captivity
10. A. conveyed B. demanded C. focused D. appealed
11. A. done B. made C. taken D. given
12. A. cause B. turn C. develop D. result

410 TOO BUSY TO HEAR THE MUSIC

Street performers are a (1) sight in cities. Main streets and tube stations are considered
to be prime (2) for people who want to perform. However, (3) are often in too
much of a hurry to pay these entertainers much attention.
This was the case in 2007, when Joshua Bell, the (4) talented classical violinist,
pretended to be a busker, and played his 300-year-old Stradivarius violin at a Washington
train station. Hed been invited to do so by the Washington Post. A journalist for this
newspaper wanted to (5) insight into human behaviour. How would people walking by
(6) to hearing a piece of music beautifully played? Joshua, dressed in jeans and a
baseball cap went unrecognised. To the journalists surprise, the (7) violinist, who had
performed with the Philadelphia Orchestra at the age of 14, did not draw in the crowds. Of
the thousand people who passed by during his 45-minute performance, only 27 were (8)
enough about his music to give him some money, and in total, he collected just $32 in
loose (9) . It seems that people were too busy to appreciate the music of one the
worlds (10) classical violinists. If thats the case, it (11) must be difficult for
street performers to (12) a living.
1.
7. A.
A. general
perfect B.
B. common
gifted C.
C. usual
trained D.
D. widespread
clever
2.
8. A.
A. districts
enthusiastic B.
B. places
pleased C.
C. locations
generous D.
D. situations
positive
3.
9. A.
A. onlookers
money B.
B. passersby
pay C.
C. viewers
change D.
D. visitors
donation
4.
10. A.
A. successfully
known B.
B. totally
competitive C.
C. exceptionally
prime D.
D. completely
foremost
5.
11. A.
A. gain
certainly B.
B. form
particularly C.
C. gather
usually D.
D. learn
greatly
6.
12. A.
A. seem
have B.
B. feel
do C.
C. act
win D.
D. react
make
 411 WILDFIRES
In February 2009, the state of Victoria in Australia experienced is worst bushfire ever.
A (1) area of land was destroyed by flames. Worse, millions of (2) animals
living in the bush died in the fires and many were burnt.
Thousands of injured animals were taken to (3) sanctuaries in the area for (4)
medical treatment when their (5) habitat went up in flames. These animals
included kangaroos and koalas with burnt paws, and lyre birds with burnt feathers. Among
the casualties was an animal known as the echidna, which is a (6) of Australian
mammal resembling a hedgehog. As it would have been (7) impossible for these low-
moving mammals to avoid the flames, they followed their (8) and dug holes in the
ground to hide. This resulted in burns on their backs.
After spending time in (9) , some lucky animals were considered well enough to
be (10) into the forest to continue their lives in the (11) . However, experts (12)
that it will take over 20 years before the plant life in the area returns to what it was
before the devastating fires.
1. A. massive B. foremost C. countless D. visible
2. A. afraid B. outrun C. defenceless D. hopeles
3. A. refuge B. nature C. species D. wildlife
4. A. insistent B. urgnet C. alarm D. sudden
5. A. ordinary B. physical C. standard D. natural
6. A. version B. form C. type D. product
7. A. absolutely B. mainly C. deeply D. extremely
8. A. feelings B. instinets C. thoughts D. attitudes
9. A. prison B. jail C. captivity D. welfare
10. A. endangered B. released C. returned D. loaded
11. A. freedom B. habitat C. nature D. wild
12. A. anticipate B. mention C. opt D. doubt

412 HELLS CANYON

Hells Canyon in North America is the perfect holiday destination for anyone who
likes outdoor activities that are off the beaten (1) . The National Recreation Area there
has something for everyone, (2) from hiking to horseback riding.
Hells Canyon, which (3) for 16 kilometres, was formed by the Snake River. In
many places along the river, the water is fast flowing and dangerous. A growing number of
people are (4) to Hells Canyon each year to go rafting on its wild waters. Others prefer
to take guided boat trips on the slower moving parts of the river. With an experience (5)
on hand to make sure everything runs (6) _ , visitors can sit back and enjoy the
breathtaking (7) . As your boat sails down the river, you can see drawings on the huge
black and green cliffs that were (8) into the rock over 1,000 years ago by Native
Americans. They were attracted to the area because of the (9) of the areas rich
wildlife.
If youre interested in the more recent history of the area, you can (10) _ a taste
of life in Hells Canyon in the 1930s at the Kirkwood Historic Ranch. Here, household (11)
and farming equipment used by early settlers are (12) in a reconstructed
farmhouse.
1. A. track B. way C. road D. path
2. A. involving B. differing C. ranging D. varying
3. A. heads B. extends C. goes D. develops
4. A. heads B. pulled C. drawn D. headed
5. A. led B. crowd C. group D. gang
6. A. crew B. quickly C. correctly D. smoothly
7. A. vision B. scenery C. land D. background
8. A. carved B. created C. formed D. made
9. A. mixture B. difference C. amount D. diversity
10. A. find B. receive C. get D. achieve
11. A. pieces B. items C. belongings D. tools
12. A. noticed B. conserved C. exhibited D. demonstrated
413 TOM KEATING
 The works of British artist Tom Keating (1) _ to many art collectors today even
though they are all forgeries. As a young man, Tom had hoped to become a successful artist,
but art dealers were (2) _ to his work and Tom became frustrated. He was (3) of
art dealers, who he claimed sometimes made mistakes in their judgment of art.
Tom (4) to show the world that the opinions of art dealers and other experts
could not be trusted, and he started creating forgeries of works by great artists. Tom studied
all the (5) of their paintings, and by using a (6) of techniques, got his paintings
to look just like the originals. For the next 25 years, Tom successfully (7) _ art dealers,
selling more than 2,000 forgeries by over 100 different artists. He had (8) _ his technical
abilities into creating a successful business.
In 1977, Tom was arrested and public was shocked. They couldnt (9) over
how he had tricked everyone. (10) then, his forgeries werent worth much, but today it
has become fashionable to own a Tom Keating forgery. Tom, who died in 1984, would have
got a (11) out of knowing that today his paintings are popular in their own (12)
and now are worth thousands of pounds!
1. A. appeal B. please C. attract D. admire
2. A. unconcerned B. unimpressed C. indifferent D. unenthusiastic
3. A. angry B. critical C. negative D. disgusted
4. A. enabled B. chose C. dreamed D. intended
5. A. details B. pieces C. parts D. points
6. A. joining B. composition C. visualisation D. combination
7. A. conditioned B. fooled C. influenced D. injured
8. A. put B. produced C. turned D. created
9. A. put B. get C. come D. go
10. A. over B. round C. behind D. back
11. A. hit B. surprise C. kick D. fun
12. A. right B. talent C. style D. ability

THE BEST CHESS PLAYER IN THE WORLD From a very early age, it was (1) that
Magnus Carlsen was a brilliant chess
player. By the age of 13, Magnus was (2) to be one of the best chess players in the
world, and his parents wanted him to reach his (3) potential as a professional chess
player.
 This meant their son had to develop a lifestyle of strict (4) which included
many hours of practice. Only this way could he become a world champion. (5)
Magnuss parents supported him, they did not want him to devote his whole life to chess.
They felt that if he (6) only on chess, he would suffer both physically and emotionally.
They made it clear to him that they (7) no intention of letting their son drop out of
school. He was also encouraged to follow his interest in sports. As a result of his (8) ,
when Magnus graduated from high school in 2009, he was not only the best chess player in
the world, but he was also awarded the title of sport-student of the year for his
achievements in snowboarding an golf.
Today, Magnus gives (9) to his parents for the way they (10) him. They
set rules, but they never (11) with his ambitions. Instead they gave him the (12)
and encouragement he needed to achieve his goals and still be a happy young man.
1. A. TRUE B. apparent C. sure D. secure
2. A. considered B. regarded C. decided D. counted
3. A. complete B. whole C. ectire D. full
4. A. order B. behaviour C. diacipline D. effort
5. A. since B. until C. because D. although
6. A. aimed B. trained C. focused D. pointed
7. A. took B. had C. gave D. made
8. A. treatment B. environment C. upbringing D. preparation
9. A. credit B. attention C. trust D. approval
10. A. taught B. brought C. grew D. raised
11. A. interfered B. opposed C. mistrusted D. prevented
12. A. approach B. support C. contact D. recommendation

415 FOCUS ON THE ARTS

Today there is a huge (1) for schools to train people in the performing arts.
The BRIT School in London, which was (2) _ in 1991, in considered to be one of the
best. However, the BRIT is not only for students whose hearts are (3) on fame. The
school (4) courses that provide teenagers with the (5) qualifications for varied
careers in the performing arts, media, art and design.
 The school has studios for dance, theatre, music, TV and radio as well as a theatre
which (6) up to 700 people. In addition, student have (7) to state-of-the-art
 equipment. (8) the schools focus is on the arts, it is (9) for its high standard of
education in all academic subjects.
Not all students who (10) to BRIT are accepted. Those who do get in must be
(11) to work hard at all their subjects. The teachers invest a great deal of time and (12)
in the students, motivating them to do their very best. With over 60 percent of their
students going on to professions in the creative industries, the school and staff are certainly
doing something right!
1. A. wish B. request C. demand D. order
2. A. constructed B. founded C. made D. raised
3. A. set B. put C. taken D. carried
4. A. includes B. conducts C. enables D. contains
5. A. needed B. wanted C. necessary D. demanded
6. A. seats B. has C. provides D. enters
7. A. opening B. approach C. entrance D. access
8. A. in spite B. although C. apart from D. despite
9. A. noticed B. admitted C. familiar D. recognised
10. A. assign B. submit C. apply D. intend
11. A. prepared B. arranged C. concerned D. enthusiastic
12. A. force B. power C. activity D. energy

416 THE BIG GREEN GATHERING

The Big Green Gathering (BGG) is a festival that focuses on ecology and the
environment. It is a five-day camping event that takes place every summer in Somerset, in
Southern England. Since it was first set (1) in 1994, the BGG has become one of the
most (2) environmental events in Europe with around 15-20000 people taking part. It
is a popular (3) for tourists and anyone who wants to (4) the problem of global
warming and the weather. The organisers say their (5) is to show that ordinary people
can have a positive (6) _ on the climate.
For example, prior (7) their departure, many visitors arrange shared transport
when (8) their way to the Gathering. Most people take public transportation or share
cars and taxis. Also, at the Gathering itself, energy sources such as sunshine and wind are
used as a (9) of providing the power; other sources-gas or electricity-are (10) .
 The BGG (11) not only to environmentalists, but also to many visitors who
come simply to enjoy themselves. There are cafes selling organic food, souvenir stalls and
craft workshops. The entertainment includes concerts and films and while most performances
are fee, when tickets are sold, they are usually (12) at a discount. Participants find the
BGG a memorable experience. Even after returning home, they continue working to create a
cleaner environment.
1. A. down B. over C. up D. around
2. A. significant B. extensive C. common D. widespread
3. A. establishment B. reservation C. resort D. attraction
4. A. notice B. address C. anticipate D. display
5. A. influence B. method C. banner D. mission
6. A. impression B. force C. inpact D. consequence
7. A. to B. before C. from D. for
8. A. going B. getting C. leading D. making
9. A. tool B. means C. measure D. result
10. A. refused B. denied C. banned D. eliminated
11. A. appeals B. attends C. devotes D. admits
12. A. prominent B. evident C. convenient D. available

417 SAVING A LANGUAGE

Hawaii, which is part of the United States, has two main language; English and
Hawaiian. Today most people in Hawaii (1) _ in English, however, a small number of
people are learning to speak Hawaiian again. In 1983, fewer than 50 children could speak
Hawaiian (2) and there were hardly any (3) speakers left. There
was a real possibility that one day no one would speak this language at (4) . A small
group of people decided they had to (5) the Hawaii language from disappearing and they
would do something (6) it. They opened two schools where teachers and
students spoke only Hawaiian. At first they had to (7) many difficulties, but
they were (8) to save the Hawaiian language and they did not (9) up.
Today there are more than 20 schools where all the lessons are taught in Hawaiian.
 The students who (10) these schools speak Hawaiian during the school day, but when
they go home, they usually speak English with their parents. At (11) , there are at least
2,000 children who speak Hawaiian (12) .

1. A. communicate B. pronounce C. explain D. say

2. A. regularly B. specially C. fluently D. really
3. A. native B. proper C. available D. foreign
4. A. point B. ever C. good D. all
5. A. charge B. prevent C. affect D. fail
6. A. by B. with C. about D. for
7. A. take B. include C. cause D. overcome
8. A. confident B. sure C. determined D. thrilled
9. A. give B. put C. get D. take
10. A. stody B. attend C. belong D. go
11. A. now B. today C. moment D. present
12. A. particularly B. properly C. luckily D. evidently

418 IPODS IN SCHOOLS

Ipods are in schools and theres no (1) about it, they are here to stay. However,
many teachers are not (2) enthusiastic about this situation as they (3) iPods with
suspicion. They worry that students will waste their time listening to music on them instead
of (4) their time studying. The question is whether these teachers fears are (5) .
Teacher Camilla Gagliolo of Jamestown School in technology in the class. She says, it (7)
sense to allow students to use iPods in class because they can be very useful and
students feel (8) using them. For example, students can record lessons and listen to
them later. Students who dont have much (9) can use them to practise speaking (10)
languages. Even for regular work or projects, they can write something, record it
and then present it to the class. Don Knezek of the International Society for Technology in
Education is also very positive about using iPods in class. He says that schools that want to
(11) well todays learners cant (12) that students work best when they are
allowed to use new technology.
1.
7. A.
A. competition
becomes B.
B. comment
makes C.
C. misunderstanding
does D.
D. doubt
creates
2.
8. A.
A. barely
comfortable B.
B. eventually
remarkable C.
C. particularly
appropriate D.
D. simply
convenient
3.
9. A.
A. suppose
genius B.
B. regard
confidence C.
C. judge
accomplishment D.
D. express
devotion
4.
10. A.
A. spending
classic B.
B. doing
far C.
C. having
atrange D.
D. going
foreign
5. A. bonourable B. recognisable C. judgmental D. justified
6. A. impresses B. confuses C. recognises D. devotes
 11. A. relate B. share C. turn D. identify
12. A. ignore B. identify C. deny D. refuse

419 SHERLOCK HOLMES IN INDIA

Indian film director Ashoke Viswanallha made a film in which the famous fictional
detective Sherlock Holmes appears. In the film, an Indian detective is trying to work out
who has (1) a crime. Unfortunately, all his efforts are in (2) and he doesnt think he
will be (3) of solving the crime. He wished Sherlock Holmes could help him.
Just as he is losing all hope of making any (4) with the case, Sherlock Holmes
magically appears. Holmes (5) charge of the situation, and together the two
detectives solve the crime.
One of the problems the director had was finding a British actor n India to play the part
of Holmes. He decided to ask the British Embassy if they could help. (6) , one of the
diplomats in the embassy, Simon Wilson, liked acting, so the director tried to (7)
him to play the part. After a lot of thought Wilson made up his (8) to accept the offer.
He thought it would be an interesting (9) for him. He also felt that his (10) in
the film would be a personal (11) to the cultural life of India. The director was
delighted, and he was even happier when he (12) that Wilson smoked a pipe just like the
famous detective.
1.
11. A.
A. done
motivation B.
B. made
contribution C.
C. committed
support D.
D. convieted
help
2.
12. A.
A. vain
discovered B.
B. private
invented C.
C. trouble
detected D.
D. recognition
told
3. A. flexible B. able C. insistent D. capable
4. A. ratings B. progress C. sequence D. reaction
420 THE COMMON COLD
5. A. borrows B. gets C. climinates D. takes
What do people do when they know that they have just (1) a cold? It depends
6. A. apparently B. severely C. subsequently D. extremely
on what (2) of person they are. In the case of colds, people can be divided into two
7. A. negotiate B. insist C. persuade D. organise
groups according to the way they react. The first group (3) it for granted that whatever
8. A. decision B. announcement C. aim D. mind
they do, the cold will last for a least a week so theres no point in doing anything about it.
9. A. experiment B. experience C. employment D. action
The other group rushes to the chemists to (4) medicine that they think will help them.
10. A. calculation B. anticipation C. obligation D. involvement
Experts say that if you look after yourself (5) , you can reduce your chances of
falling ill in the first place. We are constantly (6) to bacteria and one way of avoiding
(7) is to wash your hands frequently. It is also important to eat plenty of fresh fruit
and vegetables, drink a lot of water, tea and juices, and got out in the fresh air regularly.
But what do you do when you already have a runny nose and such a sore throat that
you can hardly (8) ? Before rushing off to the doctor for a (9) , there are various
 (10) remedies that can help, such as Echinacea and ginger tea. Rest is also (11)
, as this helps the body fight the virus. You should, however, take into (12)
the fact that no matter what you do, you need to be patient since it will take a few days before
you completely recover from your cold.
1. A. taken B. fallen C. hit D. caught
2. A. branch B. kind C. study D. assessment
3. A. taken B. thinks C. understands D. tells
4. A. achieve B. require C. equip D. purchase
5. A. usually B. independently C. properly D. personally
6. A. treated B. shown C. activated D. exposed
7. A. injury B. infection C. hurt D. wound
8. A. swallow B. chew C. recover D. gulp
9. A. script B. recipe C. prescription D. notice
10. A. individual B. natural C. achievablt D. physical
11. A. essential B. appealing C. obliged D. capable
12. A. thought B. knowledge C. consideration D. advantage

421 ITS ALL IN THE HEAD!

 Maybe there is an easier way to learn English than to study it at school.
Seventeen- year-old Metej Kus from the Czech Repulic is a case in (1) . When he
arrived in Britain he could hardly (2) himself in
English. People could (3) understand him. Then an amazing (4) occurred.
Matej was (5) in an accident.
Afterwards, he was very confused and didnt know what was (6) on around him. He
had no idea who he was and he didnt even realize that he was in a foreign country. However,
Matej now spoke English perfectly! He had lost his (7) accent and didnt have to
make any (8) to speak the language. Unfortunately for him, after a short while, Matej
began to forget his English.
This (9) has been known to occur occasionally, but it is not (10) . It
seems that sometimes after accidents, a part of the brain which is linked to our (11) to
speak other language is (12) and this enables a person to suddenly speak other
languages is (12) and this enables a person to suddenly speak a language that he
couldnt speak previously.
1. A. example B. claculation C. point D. judgment
2. A. express B. explain C. identify D. convey
3. A. simply B. evidently C. subsequently D. barely
4. A. opportunity B. incident C. misunderstanding D. effect
5. A. committed B. captivated C. involved D. disrupted
6. A. happening B. going C. taking D. getting
7. A. appropriate B. loud C. human D. strong
8. A. effort B. comment C. progress D. attempt
9. A. evidence B. inpression C. phenomenon D. consequence
10. A. common B. regular C. unique D. repetitive
11. A. motivation B. confidence C. accomplishment D. ability
12. A. respected B. affected C. arganised D. bothered

422 TOP CHEF!

When internationally famous chef, Gordon Ramsay, announced he was (1) for
a new chef for his restaurant in London, many people tried to (2) who the lucky chef
would be. It would be a (3) step in any chefs career, since the restaurant had been
awarded three stars by a top restaurant guide, and this is not a common (4) in the UK.
 The names of possible (5) were discussed by food critics in the newspapers.
They (6) out that choosing the wrong person could result in disaster for Ramsays
restaurant. When the name of the new chef was finally announced, it made a would be the
first time a female chef would run a restaurant with three stars. There was no doubt that 29-
year-old Clare Smyth had the right (8) for the job, but all the same, it was an amazing
(9) for someone who had left school at the age of 16 in (10) _ to become a
chef.
In the end, Ramsays choice has proved to be a good one. Clare is an expert in her
(11) and takes great (12) in her work. It seems that Gordon Ramsays three
stars are in good hands.
1. A. looking B. hiring C. applying D. employing
2. A. declare B. appreciate C. predict D. monitor
3. A. eligible B. required C. astonishing D. significant
4. A. observation B. method C. occurrence D. opening
5. A. applications B. candidates C. staff D. characters
6. A. carried B. showed C. brought D. pointed
7. A. notice B. inpact C. buzz D. effect
8. A. qualifications B. innovations C. availability D. appointments
9. A. acquisition B. evolution C. achievement D. assessment
10. A. addition B. demand C. purpose D. order
11. A. region B. branch C. field D. position
12. A. advantage B. pride C. justice D. virtue

423 WATCH YOUR STEP!

A recent (1) of reality programmes in which celebrities learn how to dance
traditional dances with professionals has (2) _ about an increase in interest in ballroom
dancing in Britain. More and more people see it as a (3) of having fun while also
keeping in (4) so they have decided to give it a (5) . The problem is that, in
many cases, it is having the opposite (6) and people are getting hurt. People dont
seem to understand that although it looks easy, ballroom dancing demands a high level of
fitness. Without (7) training, their health can suffer. Its not enough just to get up and
start dancing. You have to (8) out and prepare your body for the special moves that
are (9) in each of the dances. Different dances (10) pressure o different part
of the body, and dancers must be (11) of this. As Sammy Margo of the Chartered
Society for Physiotherapy said, if you are sitting in your armchair one minute and
dancing the next without a proper warn-up, you will be at risk of (12) .
1. A. progress B. series C. sequence D. custom
2. A. brought B. turned C. set D. carried
3. A. tool B. requirement C. way D. field
4. A. progress B. shape C. fitness D. health
5. A. lesson B. break C. signal D. try
6. A. effect B. consequience C. influence D. phenomenon
7. A. evident B. instant C. proper D. subsequent
8. A. train B. make C. get D. work
9. A. participated B. varied C. involved D. located
10. A. put B. make C. push D. do
11. A. obliged B. satisfied C. suitable D. aware
12. A. wound B. injury C. infeetion D. damage

424 GUY FAWKES NIGHT

I have just got back from London, where I (1) some time with my cousins.
The night before I left was Guy Fawkes Night, which (2) a very important date in
British history. I wasnt (3) with the story behind it, so I asked my cousin to tell me
about it.
Apparently, Guy Fawkes Night has its (4) in British history. In 1605 a group
of people that included a man called Guy Faweks, decided to blow up the Houses of
Parliament and kill the king. Luckily, they didnt get (5) with their plan. On 5
November, before they could (6) their attack on the king, Guy Fawkes and his friends
were caught and arrested. Ever since this historic (7) , people in England have a
special evening.
Even (8) Guy Fawkes Day is not a national (9) _ , on the evening of 5
November you can see fireworks and people light large bonfires and burn a big doll on the
fire. This big doll is (10) to represent Guy Fawkes.
I must say it was great fun. In the evening, I (11) _ my cousins a hand in
building the (12) bonfire, and later we watched the fireworks.
 1. A. held B. enjoyed C. met D. spent
2. A. continues B. celebrates C. remids D. bases
3. A. familiar B. confident C. known D. sure
4. A. relationships B. record C. origins D. causes
5. A. on B. by C. off D. away
6. A. turn out B. carry out C. go off D. pick up
7. A. event B. experiment C. condition D. custom
8. A. but B. however C. though D. despite
9. A. holiday B. observation C. break D. culture
10. A. preserved B. meant C. rearranged D. suggested
11. A. helped B. shared C. lent D. assisted
12. A. traditional B. social C. popular D. original

425 THE TELEPHONE

` Today telephone are so much a part of our (1) that we cant get along without
them. But did you know that 150 years ago telephone didnt (2) ? The person who
invented the telephone was an Italian engineer, Antonio Meucci. One day, just (3)
chance, Meucci made and interesting (4) . He noticed that sound could travel from
one place to another through a thin wire made from a metal called copper. Meucci used this
metal to design a machine that made it possible for people in different places to have a (5)
with each other. Some years later Meucci (6) a chance to use his invention
when he moved to New York for work. His wife had become very ill, and Meucci was (7)
about leaving her alone. To (8) this difficulty, Meucci used his invention to
talk with his wife (9) he was in his workshop in a nearby building. Meucci was so
thrilled with his invention that he asked some friends to come (10) so that he could
show it to them. (11) then, this was very unusual and Meuccis friends must have
been very (12) to hear someone talking to them from another room!
1.
8. A.
A. choice
support B.
B. habit
improve C.
C. world
overcome D.
D. role
solve
2.
9. A.
A. develop
whenever B.
B. prepare
whatever C.
C. invent
wherever D.
D. exist
whoever
3. A. for
10. A. through B. by
B. round C. back
C. with D. up
D. in
4.
11. A.
A. experience
Back B.
B. effect
Since C. discovery
C. After D. Later
D. account
5.
12. A.
A. conversation
remarkable B.
B. speech
surprised C. voice
C. dramatic D. emotional
D. language
6. A. did B. took C. had D. gave
7. A. hard B. aware C. reserved D. concerned
426 LEADERSHIP IN MEDICINE
 The organization called Medecines sans Frontieres (MSF), or Doctors Without
Borders as it is known in English, helps people all over the world. This organization has
(1)
itself the goal of giving medical (2) _ to people who might be (3) to
get it.
The organization was (4) in 1971 by a group of French doctors. They had
gone to an African country to (5) assistance to the people who had suffered from
a long war and years without rain. Many of the people were homeless and hungry. The (6)
authorities were not able to deal (7) the problem. When the doctors
realized how much their help was needed, they established MFS
Today, MFS is made up of 2,500 (8) motivated volunteers that include
doctors, nurses, engineers and counselors who are sent to 70 countries. When they (9)
a call for help, MFS responds (10)
. In a medical (11) , their volunteers can
reach their destination within 24 hours. Their valuable contribution was recognised in 1999
1. the
when A.organization
set (12)B. created C. embraced
the Nobel Peace Prize. D. fulfilled
2. A. behaviour B. handling C. treatment D. experiment
3. A. useless B. unable C. hopeless D. unhappy
4. A. released B. achieved C. located D. founded
5. A. offer B. hand C. return D. spread
6. A. common B. local C. nearby D. central
7. A. for B. took C. with D. on
8. A. greatly B. highly C. helpfully D. certainly
9. A. connect B. contact C. do D. get
10. A. impatiently B. regularly C. immediately D. exactly
11. A. emergency B. hardship C. opportunity D. occasion
12. A. gathered B. received C. accomplished D. conquered
427 AN AMBITIOUS YOUNG STAR
Many teenagers dream of becoming famous pop stars or film stars. But Miley Cyrus
wanted to be both. Miley, whose father is popular American singer and actor, was already (1)
on acting and singing when she was very young. When she was only 12, she heard
that Walt Disney Pictures was (2) for someone to star in a new television series called
Honnoh Montana about a 16-year-old girl who becomes a pop star. Miley felt sure she was
(3) for the lead role and decided to try (4) for it. (5) _ the people at
Disney were impressed with her acting, they (6) _ Miley to be young and too small to
play the part of a 16-year-old. But Miley didnt give up hope and her (7) paid off.
Disney (8) on looking and interviewed thousands of teenagers, but they didnt find
anyone as good as young Miley, and they (9) gave her the role. Since then, Miley has
become very (10) _ both as a singer and an actress. Recently she was asked which (11)
she would prefer. Acting is cool, but singing is a better way to be yourself, so I cant
choose, she (12) .
1. A. keen B. interested C. excited D. popular
2. A. investigating B. searching C. explering D. selecting
3. A. evident B. convincing C. brilliant D. perfect
4. A. up B. out C. over D. on
5. A. But B. Except C. However D. Although
6. A. considered B. consulted C. treated D. decided
7. A. advice B. contribution C. determination D. socurity
8. A. kept B. continued C. got D. ran
9. A. regularly B. properly C. eventually D. correctly
10. A. suitable B. profitable C. winning D. successful
11. A. job B. career C. work D. employer
12. A. suggested B. told C. repeated D. replied

428 DONT FORGET YOUR HAT

An important point to remember if you life spending time out in the open air is that
the human head doesnt work very well outdoors if it become too hot, cold or wet. Thats
why a hat is a good investment, wherever youre planning to go out and (1) .
Surprisingly, a single waterproof hat with a brim will do the (2) adequately in most
conditions.
In cold climates, the problem is that the head is (3) heat all the time. As (4)
as fifty to sixty percent of your bodys heat is lost through the head and neck, (5)
on which scientist you believe. Clearly this heat loss needs to be prevented, but its
important to remember that hats dont actually (6) you warm, they simply stop heat
escaping.
Just a important is the need to protect your neck from the effects of (7)
sunlight, and the brim of your hat will do this. If you a baseball cap, (8) buying one
that has a drop down tail at the back to stop your neck (9) sunburnt.
And in wet weather (10) hats are often more practical than pulling up the hood of
your waterproof coat because when you (11) your head, the hat goes with you, (12)
the hood usually does not.
1. A. around B. about C. along D. above
2. A. role B. task C. job D. duty
3. A. sending out B. giving away C. dropping off D. runnig down
4. A. soon B. much C. well D. long
5. A. according B. regarding C. relating D. depending
6. A. maintain B. stay C. keep D. hold
7. A. bright B. keen C. sharp D. deep
8. A. suggest B. recommend C. advise D. consider
9. A. suffering B. getting C. having D. going
10. A. occasions B. positions C. conditions D. cases
11. A. alter B. switch C. spin D. turn
12. A. whereas B. instead of C. rather than D. thereby

429 SUDOKU
Are you a fan of the popular logical puzzle that goes by the name Sudoku? (1)
youre not, the chances are you know somebody who is. Once (2) known
outside Japan, this addictive brain teaser has become a common feature of newspaper puzzle
pages all over the world.
Sodokus great success (3) much to its simplicity. The game (4) _ for
neither mathematical ability nor (5) knowledge and there are just a few sentences of
 straightforward instructions to read before you can play. The only skill required is the ability
to (6) the difference between nine different symbols, and these dont even have to be
numbers.
Some clever marketing has helped the game. Western newspapers worked (7)
at promoting the game. Without this, it is unlikely that it would have (8) _ off and
become quite such a runaway success. The game also (9) from its Japanese name that
made people in many parts of the world (10) it as a superior kind of puzzle compared
to those you usually find in newspapers and magazines.
But the popularity of Sudoku reached a peak in 2006, if the number of (11) on
one leading website is anything to go by. Newspapers responded by (12) up with new
kinds of logical puzzle, all with simple rules and Japanese names. But for true Sudoku fans,
only the real thing will do.
1. A. Apart from B. In spite of C. Even if D. Regardless
2. A. thinly B. hardly C. rarely D. briefly
3. A. owes B. thanks C. results D. lends
4. A. expects B. demands C. requests D. calls
5. A. normal B. general C. usual D. ordinary
6. A. copy B. match C. notice D. recognise
7. A. tough B. strong C. hard D. heavy
8. A. got B. passed C. given D. taken
9. A. promoted B. benefited C. improved D. increased
10. A. believe B. consider C. think D. regard
11. A. bits B. clicks C. strikes D. shots
12. A. setting B. putting C. corning D. making

430 BOOTS FOR AFRICA

Sheffield Football Club was founded one-hundred-and-fifty years ago, and is the
oldest in the world. As part of its anniversary celebration, the club has (1) forces with
the worlds largest express transportation company, FedEx Express, in a charitable scheme
(2) as
Boots for Africa. The (3) of the scheme is to send more than two thousands.
The (3) of the scheme is to send more than two thousand pairs of used football boots to
 South Africa. The boots will be given to young people living in remote rural areas who are
(4) in taking up the sport and (5) up local teams.
Sports organization in Africa are giving their (6) _ support to the scheme which
will help make the game more accessible to thousands of young people and could have a
beneficial (7) on the countrys performance in future World Cup championships.
People in Sheffield are, (8) being asked to donate any football boots, astro
boots or football trainers of any size to the scheme. All the boots donated must be in good (9)
complete with laces and studs. Local businesses and schools who may be able to
donate more than one pair of boots can receive a special group donation pack. This pack
(10) posters and leaflets, which can be used to publicise the scheme, plus collection
bags to encourage people to (11) a donation. The clubs website has (12)
information about the scheme.
1. A. tied B. added C. joined D. linked
2. A. known B. named C. called D. titled
3. A. ambition B. motive C. aim D. reason
4. A. curious B. interested C. keen D. attracted
5. A. coming B. finding C. beginning D. setting
6. A. whole B. full C. entire D. thorough
7. A. conclusion B. result C. reaction D. effect
8. A. therefore B. however C. although D. despite
9. A. fitness B. state C. form D. condition
10. A. complies B. contains C. composes D. consists
11. A. put B. do C. make D. band
12. A. further B. greater C. wider D. larger

431 LUNCH IS FOR SHARING

Mini Ito carefully puts together her childrens packed lunches each morning. She then
photographs them on her cameraphone and (1) the pictures on her online blog. In this
way, Mini is able to (2) _ a record of meals that she is (3) of, and hungry
websurfers (4) the chance to look at her mouth-watering creations. For these are no
ordinary lunches, Mini prepares what are (5) _ as bento meals for her children.
 A bento is a single-portion Japanese takeaway meal that traditionally (6) of
rice, fish or meat, whit vegetables on the side. In Japan, they are normally served in
 distinctive trays divided into sections for the different parts of the meal. Mini thinks that
children in (7) enjoy having small compartments with little bits of food that are (8)
to their small appetites. (9) , if we think of the excitement that many of us feel
when our airline meal arrives, its (10) to understand the fascination.
Mini was born in Japan and currently lives in the USA. She is fairly health (11)
, but believes that having wide tastes and finding pleasure in food is important. She
thinks that its possible to (12) on that whilst at the same time also eating healthily.
1. A. mails B. posts C. sends D. delivers
2. A. hold B. save C. keep D. do
3. A. proud B. satisfied C. content D. pleased
4. A. take B. find C. gain D. get
5. A. titled B. known C. named D. called
6. A. involves B. includes C. contains D. consists
7. A. specific B. particular C. special D. precise
8. A. suited B. fitted C. created D. designed
9. A. Whatever B. Despite C. Regardless D. However
10. A. simple B. clear C. easy D. plain
11. A. sensible B. conscious C. knowledgeable D. informed
12. A. focus B. emphasise C. stress D. aim

432 THE WORLDS FINEST CHOCOLATES

Belgium likes to think of itself as the home of the finest chocolate in the world. If this
(1) is true, then the Place du Grand Sablon in Brussels must be the centre of the
chocolate world. This square is not far from the citys Museum of Fine Arts and some of the
countrys (2) chocolate shops can be found there, (3) such internationally
famous names as Wittamer, Godiva and Marcolini.
Marcolini is the most recent arrival in the square and is (4) regarded as the
most fashion able chocolate-maker in Belgium. The designers of the companys shop have
evidently been (5) up ideas form Emporio Armani a few doors down. The Marcolini
shop has black walls, a white floor and staff who (6) black and white shirts and
resemble fashion models (7) than salespeople.
 As (8) as the chocolates are concerned, these are displayed in impressive glass
cases. Once youve (9) _ your selection, you go over to the counter to pay, and get a
wonderful close-up (10) of a flowing foundation of melted chocolate.
 Some Belgians would (11) that the best examples of the countrys skill at
chocolate-making are the small chocolates called pralines. These have a hard outer shell of
chocolate around a softer filling that (12) in a variety of flaviours. It was these that I
decided to try.
1. A. accusation B. challenge C. demand D. claim
2. A. winning B. leading C. ruling D. beating
3. A. including B. enrolling C. enclosing D. involving
4. A. wholly B. greatly C. widely D. deeply
5. A. catching B. picking C. getting D. copying
6. A. carry B. clothe C. dress D. wear
7. A. rather B. better C. whereas D. instead
8. A. soon B. well C. long D. far
9. A. done B. made C. achieved D. arrived
10. A. sight B. scene C. view D. look
11. A. suggest B. remind C. persuade D. inform
12. A. goes B. offers C. comes D. gains

433 MY FIRST EXPEDITION

When I was about twelve, I got chance to go to western China, looking for rare plants
in an extraordinary area of mountains and forests. I wasnt all that (1) _ in plants, but my
dads a botanist by (2) and he was going assistant to Professor Beall, who was leading
the expedition.
It was an important international expedition and may name was (3) not on the
list of participant. But at the (4) moment, one of the experts broke his ankle and so had
to (5) out. It was impossible to get anyone else to go at such (6) notice, so my
dad suggested taking me, for the experience.
I think the professor was so surprised that he agreed without thinking, but he
obviously began to (7) doubts as soon as the plane was in the air. I remember him (8)
that he helped I wasnt going to run around and (9) on rare specimens! As if I
was a little kid.
 My dad didnt say anything as bad as that , but he did say that he hoped he wasnt
going to (10) bringing me. I tried to be really quiet so they would forget I was there.
 They didnt realize it at the (11) . But my ambition was to get photo of a wild panda.
And. Of course, in the end thats (12) what I did.
1. A. interested B. keen C. fascinated D. fond
2. A. work B. profession C. job D. employment
3. A. definitely B. completely C. paritcularly D. confidently
4. A. late B. final C. end D. last
5. A. fall B. slip C. drop D. step
6. A. quick B. brief C. fast D. short
7. A. see B. have C. do D. feel
8. A. speaking B. telling C. talking D. saying
9. A. tread B. spoil C. squash D. ruin
10. A. discourage B. disappoint C. regret D. apologise
11. A. minute B. time C. event D. point
12. A. exactly B. correctly C. perfectly D. accurately

434 ASSISTANT TO THE STARS

It stand to (1) that a city like Los Angeles, which is home to the rich and
famous, is also where you (2) the Association of Celebrity Personal Assistants
(ACPA). Celebrity personal assistants are a unique group among Hollywood professional. (3)
the lawyers and agents who rub shoulders whit the stars and (4) _ millions,
personal assistants (Pas) are not paid well. They typically earn about $56000 a year which,
(5) their round the clock obligations, isnt much by Hollywood standards. As for the
job description, its also (6) from glamorous. Responsibilities include (7)
laundry, fetching groceries and paying bills. So whats the attraction? One celebrity PA says,
I dont (8) myself a vain or superficial person, but it would be (9) to say that
we all dont like being close to someones thats powerful. But not everyone is qualified for
the job. Rita Tateel teaches would be assistants to the stars and begins her lessons with some
(10) truths: you must be in good health at all times, because you are (11) a
celebritys life. If you get sick their life cant just stop. And you need to be flexible and able
to (12) in all kinds of hours. You have to be a can do person. If theres one world that
celebrities dont want to hear, that world is no.
 1. A. discussion B. truth C. argument D. reason
2. A. look B. find C. search D. see
3. A. Despite B. Similarly C. However D. Unlike
4. A. take B. make C. pay D. give
5. A. being B. received C. given D. spend
6. A. far B. just C. such D. still
7. A. making B. fixing C. having D. doing
8. A. consider B. know C. describe D. think
9. A. lie B. honest C. wrong D. TRUE
10. A. hard B. such C. advice D. heavy
11. A. dealing B. running C. getting D. working
12. A. take B. put C. get D. adapt

435 FORMULA FOR CAREER SUCCESS

Since the end of January I havent eaten any chocolate, Lisa Lilley says proudly.
This isnt (1) to her job as technology manager in Shells Formula One team, but it
tells us about how she works. Her team-mates, most of whom are men, challenged her to (2)
up chocolate and she had done it. This (3) _ is partly responsible for Lilleys rise
to a (4) role with Ferrari. The most exciting (5) of the job is working at the races. Last year
she attended her first one at Imola, the Italian track that hosts the San Marino Grand Prix, (6)
famous red suit and ear defenders for the first time, an (7) that left her nearly
lost for words: its an incredible feeling to be part of a phenomenal team. Something shes
first seen as a career (8) has become a passion.I become
enthusiastic through work. In never had a big interest in it before, but now when Im not at a
race I watch it on TV. But what is it like working in such a male-dominated environment? I
dont notice it, she says. the Ferrari team have (9) me feel so welcome. Because I have
a technical role at the track it wouldnt matter whether I was male or female; you have to gain
respect for (10) good at yours job. Next year she will (11) about 200 nights
away from home with the team. At the moment, Im loving it. The Ferrari team is like an
extended (12) , she says.
1.
5. A.
A. part
way B.
B. connected
piece C.
C. defined
quality D.
D. reason
part
2.
6. A.
A. give
changing B.
B. resign
buying C.
C. eat
wearing D.
D. described
showing
3.
7. A.
A. food
experience B.
B. taste
qualifications C.
C. determination
application D.
D. intelligence
interest
4.
8. A.
A. simple
job B.
B. crucial
chance C.
C. position
position D.
D. heavy
opportunity
 9. A. had B. did C. made D. were
10. A. being B. staying C. applying D. wanting
11. A. move B. spend C. drive D. work
12. A. interview B. partnership C. life D. family

436
The Go Between by LP. Hartley is my (1) short novel. It is the story of (2)
innocence, and the tragic love affair of people, (3) a social divide. The (4)
character is a young boy called Leo, a pupil at a private school. During the long, hot
summer of 1900 he goes to (5) a rich classmate called Marcus at his familys
magnificent country house. He immediately develops a (6) crush on Marcuss elder
sister, Marian. When Marcus falls ill, Leo is bored and Marian (7) him deliver love
letters to a farmer called Ted. Their meetings have to be secret (8) to Teds lower social
position. (9) Marian is engaged to be married to a gentleman, poor Leo is
used by the couple whose secret is finally revealed with the (10) tragic consequences. The
tale is narrated half a century later by a now (11) _ Leo, whose chance of happiness
disappeared forever after those terrible events. Not (12) is the book a wonderful
tale, but it was adapted into a haunting film directed by Joseph Losey.
1. A. favourite B. best C. most D. quite
2. A. gone B. disappeared C. lost D. vanished
3. A. across B. over C. between D. from
4. A. primary B. great C. most D. main
5. A. stay B. visit C. keep D. maintain
6. A. hopeless B. useless C. helpless D. helpful
7. A. makes B. engages C. employs D. reatains
8. A. according B. because C. owed D. due
9. A. While B. Although C. Moreover D. Yet
10. A. very B. many C. most D. extremely
11. A. ancient B. vintage C. elderly D. antique
12. A. all B. yet C. again D. only

437
The government released (1) figures for last year. Overall, the statistics show a
fall in violent street crime (2) as mugging. A police (3) said that the number of
arrests for robbery (4) also increased. They also claimed that their work with local
shop owners had reduced cases (5) shoplifting and vandalism. However, (6) -
based crime continues to rise with 20% more cases than ever of hackers breaking (7)
files to access personal data on customers. George Maynard, a software analyst specialising
(8) computer security, believes this trend is unlikely to change in the near future.
Hacking is here to stay and is potentially public (9) _ number one. Finally, the figure
attracting most attention given to millionaire celebrities has meant their (12) have
become obvious targets for kidnappers.
1. A. detective B. police C. number D. crime
2. A. such B. with C. like D. so
3. A. criminal B. minister C. speaker D. spokesperson
4. A. is B. has C. will D. was
5. A. from B. in C. to D. of
6. A. robber B. computer C. internationally D. password
7. A. out of B. off C. into D. up
8. A. in B. with C. for D. of
9. A. against B. terrorist C. enemy D. crime
10. A. threat B. rise C. problem D. stealing
11. A. special B. media C. interest D. burglar
12. A. children B. possession C. houses D. accounts

438 TELEPATHY DOES EXIST CLAIMS CAMBRIDGE SCIENTIST

Many people have had the experience of getting a telephone call from someone just as
they were thinking about them. Now a new study suggests that might (1) be down
purely to coincidence. Scientist Dr Rupert Sheldrake says he has performed tests into

400
telephone telepathy which show 45 percent of the time people can correctly (2) who is
ringing them. This is much higher odds than if it was due to (3) alone, he claimed.
However his research has sparked (4) controversy in the scientific (5) . Dr

400
Rupert Sheldrake receives funding to investigate unexplained (6) from Trinity College
in Cambridge. He (7) to his critics, saying by far the most common dined of telepathy
in the modern world occurs n connection with telephone calls- when you think of someone for
no apparent reason and then they ring and you say what a (8) . I was just thinking
about you. For his experiments, four volunteers were told they would get a call and were
asked to predict which of only four people were used, they repeated the test more than 270
times. He found that they correctly (10) the caller 45% of time. But scientists and
skeptics of the (11) _ have questioned the reliability of the work. Professor Peter Atkins,
tutor in Physical Chemistry at the University of Oxford, said Work in this field a complete
waste (12) time.
1. A. could B. also C. not D. never
2. A. ask B. speculate C. wonder D. guess
3. A. chance B. opportunity C. risk D. possibility
4. A. of B. on C. off D. out
5. A. group B. community C. locality D. people
6. A. nature B. questions C. flying objects D. phenomena
7. A. disagreed B. responded C. attacked D. speculated
8. A. hilarious B. funny C. laughter D. coincidence
9. A. up B. out C. on D. off
10. A. looked up B. predicted C. found D. answered
11. A. unidentified B. hoax C. abnormal D. paranormal
12. A. of B. for C. in D. with

439 BE SMART WHILE SHOPPING ONLINE

Sitting in (1) of a computer screen can certainly be faster and less stressful than
looking for a (2) space and fighting your way through crowds (3) fellow
shoppers. But is online shopping safer?
Many (4) still seem to have some hesitation when it comes to online shopping, but
authorities say it has in many ways become more secure than (5) purchases at an actual
store. After all, every time you use a credit card in a store you (6) someone all your
personal details and financial information. Experts advise that online (7) _ may now be
better protected than traditional shoppers, especially if they follow a few useful (8) .
401
First of all, use one credit card for all (9) so if someone does use it illegally, only one

402
card is affected. Next, be careful that you are on the site of a real company. Some thieves have
(10) websites that look like the real thing just to get your information and money.
The best way to check if a site is real is to (11) for the , which stands for secure, in
the https part of the website address bar at the top of your browser. The final thing you can
do to (12) safe while shopping online is to always make sure the computer being used
has a firewall and up to date antivirus software.
1. A. next B. behind C. front D. beside
2. A. car B. large C. blank D. parking
3. A. in B. of C. along D. at
4. A. police B. shop assistants C. clients D. consumers
5. A. giving B. paying C. making D. doing
6. A. give B. write C. pay D. copy
7. A. websites B. customers C. goods D. addresses
8. A. tips B. advice C. ideas D. discuonts
9. A. bargains B. purchases C. offers D. deliveries
10. A. visited B. bought C. set up D. accessed
11. A. click B. pay C. kind D. look
12. A. stay B. make C. have D. protect

440
A legend which continues to fascinate us is that of the island of Atlantis which was lost,
never to re-appear. The disappearance of the island, wiped (1) from one day to the
next, would have mystified and terrified its neighbours. The story, passed down from (2)
Egyptians, eventually reached the philosopher Plato (427-347 BC), who (3) of
the catastrophic disappearance of an island empire, inhabited by wealthy and sophisticated
people. Difference locations have been (4) as possible sites; the most (5)
candidate is the island of Santorini in the Aegean sea. Thera, as it was called in the Bronze
(6) , was a developed Minoan civilization origination in Crete. This civilization would
have (7) probably controlled much of the eastern Mediterranean. In 1630 BC, a
massive eruption and earthquake produced a tsunami which devastated the area. Part of the
island (8) sank beneath the sea as one plate of the earths crust slid underneath another.
Before the disaster Thera would have been a large circular island which is exactly (9)
Plato tells us. There could have been (10) _ hope for its population. Everyone
must have (11) , it is impossible to imagine there being many survivors, if (12)
at all.
1. A. out B. off C. down D. up
2. A. historial B. old C. elderly D. ancient
3. A. told B. said C. reropted D. described
4. A. risen B. raised C. rose D. arisen
5. A. alike B. likelihood C. likely D. possibility
6. A. Event B. Time C. Epoch D. Age
7. A. much B. most C. almost D. highly
8. A. still B. but C. yet D. even
9. A. that B. which C. what D. why
10. A. few B. little C. almost D. hardly
11. A. killed B. dead C. died D. death
12. A. none B. nobody C. one D. any

441
Newspaper circulation is on the (1) . However, this isnt recent news. The problems go
right back to the late 1940s when the number of (2) was falling but at that time
population growth maintained sales. But the 1990s saw fewer and fewer people developing
the newspaper (3) . So where are they all going? Its impossible to say fully. Some
people are getting all their news from cable television. With 24 hour new channels providing
round-the-clock (4) _, newspaper editors have had to, shift focus from new news to
analysis of yesterdays news. We have (5) whole role it is to comment on events and tell us
what they (and therefore perhaps we) should think. (6) , while sales have gone down,
newspaper width has progressively increased. There are more (7) than ever: book reviews,
TV guides, travel (8) , health and nutrition, comic books-theres no (9)
to what newspapers will now do to entice us. But it still hasnt (10) readers
back. And as for the young, they were never there in the first place. They went online. You
can receive your news from free online news (11) . Blogs will let you discuss the news.
Your mobile can even get the latest sports (12) . An automated email will fill you in on
your favourite celebs. So why go looking for your news when it will find you wherever you
are?
 1. A. fall B. decrease C. decline D. go down
2. A. journalist B. readers C. paparazzi D. people
3. A. addiction B. content C. habit D. headline
4. A. input B. downloads C. outlooks D. updates
5. A. politicians B. coclumnists C. celebrities D. photographers
6. A. Due B. Although C. Because D. Futhermore
7. A. adverts B. photos C. pages D. supplements
8. A. places B. journeys C. agents D. tips
9. A. finish B. end C. way D. stop
10. A. carried B. held C. come D. brought
11. A. sites B. stands C. places D. reporters
12. A. games B. pages C. results D. figures

442 ECO-FRIENDLY LIVING

Too many of (1) go home at night so unaware of how much energy we waste. OK, so
we might turn (2) the standby button on the TV these days or use energy-saving light-
bulls, but how many of us (3) change our house to make it eco-friendly? Matthew
Bennett would. In fact he thought it was such a good idea that he totally rebuilt it, making
his four-bedroom home into (4) of the most eco-friendly in any Canadian urban area.
From the street the house looks (5) a typical home in the middle of a suburban
neighbourhood. (6) _ from the wind turbine perched on the roof you wouldnt really
know it was any different. But hidden below the ground underneath his basement there is a
50000 litre tank (7) _ catches enough rain to supply all of his water. Any water from
washing machines, showers and other household (8) is recycled through filters and
ponds, and (9) planted trees. The biggest benefit for Mr Bennett is (11) he has
virtually no water or energy bills. The wind turbine, (12) panels and small biodiesel
generator provide nearly 100% of his household requirements.
1.
8. A. them
A. appliances B.
B. all
technology C.
C. us
goods D.
D. people
furniture
2.
9. A.
A. off
first B.
B. on
to C.
C. away
addition D.
D. of
then
3.
10. A.
A. try
hadnt B.
B. can
has C.
C. would
was D.
D. must
had
4. A. why
11. A. all B.
B. one
also C.
C. many
that D.
D. first
so
5.
12. A.
A. at
solar B.
B. than
sun C.
C. as
wood D.
D. like
bright
6. A. However B. Apart C. Although D. Along
7. A. it B. when C. what D. which
443 TAKEN AWAY AND BROUGHT BACK
 Have you ever wondered what happens to people who just disappear? Some go forever, and
others turn up again. Those who do come (1) _ are able to clear (2) they mystery
of their strange absence. But those who do not return, will continue to (3) us. Some of the
most common (4) are: murdered by a colleague or (5) away by aliens in a
spaceship.
There was the (6) in Warwickshire, where a little girl of eight disappeared
mysteriously. Her parents had died when she was a baby, and her uncle had been (7)
after her. At the age of eighteen, she was going to inherit the family wealth and property. The
uncle was (8) to find her and panicked: he decided to (9) up another little girl
and (10) she was his niece. Police investigation discovered what he had done and he
was (11) with murder. He was (12) guilty and in those days that meant the
death penalty.
1. A. in B. back C. out D. away
2. A. away B. down C. up D. by
3. A. puzzle B. wonder C. deceive D. question
4. A. replies B. excuses C. facts D. explanations
5. A. given B. taken C. moved D. driven
6. A. happening B. crime C. time D. case
7. A. talking B. looking C. running D. caring
8. A. unable B. failed C. impossible D. made
9. A. make B. look C. dress D. ring
10. A. believe B. like C. pretend D. look like
11. A. accused B. charged C. punished D. taken
12. A. found B. not C. decided D. discovered

444 FLAT TO LET

 Location: Norfolk Gardens, Westgate
No.of bedrooms: 1
Price per week: 420
This large one-bedroomed flat, situated in the leafy residential suburb of Westgate and (1)
the nearby St Jonhs Par, is ideal for a busy single person or couple. The
accommodation is (2) located in the heart of the suburb within (3) _ walking
distance of the wide range of amenities offered by both Westgate and the fashionable
Donatello Road Market.
(4) decorated and carpeted, the property (5) a double bedroom, good-sized
reception room, large living room, (6) fitted kitchen and a bathroom with quality
shower. Tenants also have (7) of their own secure underground parking space. The flat
is simply but (8) furnished and the south-facing living room is pleasantly light and (9)
, with large picture windows which offer superb views of the surrounding area.
What (10) this property apart from other accommodation with similar (11) is
its very acceptable price, given its central location and excellent transport links to other parts
of the city. For (12) _ details or to arrange a viewing telephone 020 786 50991.
1. A. overseeing B. overhanging C. overreaching D. overlooking
2. A. appropriately B. conveniently C. suitably D. fittingly
3. A. easy B. simple C. close D. nearby
4. A. Ultimately B. Lately C. Newly D. Proximately
5. A. Composes B. comprises C. comprehends D. service
6. A. absolutely B. extremely C. entirely D. fully
7. A. use B. employment C. application D. service
8. A. sparsely B. plainly C. richly D. tastefully
9. A. draughty B. airy C. breezy D. gusty
10. A. keeps B. puts C. sets D. holds
11. A. characteristics B. kinds C. types D. aspects
12. A. added B. advanced C. further D. larger

445 A QUESTION OF SAFETY

 Life involves a certain amount risk or at least it did. These days, however, governments seem
to have become (1) _ with the idea of protecting us from it. As a result, what we actually
risk most is not being allowed to live at all.
(2) , take a recent edict which emerged from the British governments health and safety
department. It would be amusing if it wasnt so serious. Circus artistes performing on
tightropes or the flying trapeze are being (3) _ to wear the type of hard hats more usually
(4) with the construction industry. Under a relatively new law (5) as the
temporary work at heights directive, such a hat must be worn for any working activity
taking (6) above the height of an average stepladder. Now you might think that
sounds (7) reasonable, but the absurd thing is that the rule is being (8) to circus
performers as well.
The first to be hit by this rule were baffled members of the Moscow State Circus, who were
touring England at the time. Used to flying through the air without even the (9) of a
safety net, they (10) that trapeze artistes often break arms and legs, but (11)
heads. This simple fact was apparently (12) on the bureaucrats at the government
department, however, who insisted that the rule be followed.
1. A. prone B. devoted C. addicted D. obsessed
2. A. in other words B. Such as C. For example D. Whats more
3. A. required B. challenged C. proposed D. demanded
4. A. regarded B. associated C. recognised D. demanded
5. A. known B. associated C. entitled D. referred
6. A. forth B. place C. part D. ahead
7. A. closely B. duly C. widely D. fairly
8. A. presided B. enforced C. applied D. directed
9. A. benefit B. profit C. remedy D. welfare
10. A. came forward B. pointed out C. put across D. cleared up
11. A. barely B. merely C. rarely D. unusually
12. A. passed B. left C. missed D. lost

446 A STRANGE HISTORY

Mexican General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna (1814-76) was somewhat accident-prone.
Throughout the 1830s the Mexican were (1) _ I a number of battles with the Texans. On
20 April 1836, Santa Anna (2) up camp at the San Jacinto River, overlooking a wood
 where the Texans were (3) to be hiding. Given the circumstances it was perhaps a little
unwise to (4) his troops to take a siesta, for in the middle of their afternoon nap the
entire Mexican army was overpowered by the Texans in just eighteen minutes. Santa Anna
(5) to escape on horseback but was not as fortunate when, fighting the French in
December 1838, he lost a leg. For the next four years, Santa Anna (6) _ the leg at his
hacienda near Vercruz until, on 26 September 1842, by which time the he had virtually (7)
dictator of Mexico, he of bands and orchestras, his supporters solemnly paraded the
leg through the streets of Mexico city before (9) _ it to rest in a national shrine (10)
as the Pantheon of Saint Paula. Two years later the leg was (11) during riots
that marked Santa Annas fall from power and (12) without trace.
1. A. involved B. fought C. appeared D. fallen
2. A. grew B. brought C. set D. made
3. A. used B. known C. spoken D. managed
4. A. propose B. suggest C. explain D. order
5. A. achieved B. succeeded C. managed D. arrived
6. A. remained B. kept C. stayed D. reserved
7. A. risen B. grown C. become D. made
8. A. for B. to C. because D. about
9. A. laid B. laying C. lied D. lying
10. A. called B. named C. believed D. known
11. A. stolen B. robbed C. disappeared D. departed
12. A. missed B. disappeared C. went D. displaced

447
My father, a (1) regarded member of the legal profession, was not generally an early
nd
riser, but he made an exception every January 2 for what was a(n) (2) event in our
family queuing for the January sales. At any other time of the year, may father hardly (3)
shopped, and if he did, he would shop around before making any purchases, but on
this one day a year he would make up (4) his normal reticence by simply grabbing
bargains off the shelves at random.
My mother was always going (5) at him for buying useless things (6) because
they were half the original asking price. For example, we never quite worked out why on (7)
he once decided to buy an entire range of gardening (8) despite the fact we
 lived in an apartment with no garden. On another occasion he drew a crowd of curios (9)
as he struggled to get on a bus carrying a stuffed bear. The passengers must habe been
utterly astonished to see such a sight boarding the vehicle.
While (10) on earth would tempt me to hang around in the cold waiting for the shops
to open, Im inclined to (11) up for my father and did him the world of (12) .
Not only that, but, from time to time, he did actually buy something really useful!
1. A. highly B. fairly C. hardly D. tirelessly
2. A. current B. annual C. present D. constant
3. A. always B. never C. often D. ever
4. A. for B. with C. in D. from
5. A. out B. up C. on D. off
6. A. simply B. plainly C. utterly D. exceptionally
7. A. world B. ground C. earth D. the world
8. A. productions B. products C. produce D. producers
9. A. witnesses B. viewers C. audience D. onlookers
10. A. anything B. something C. nothing D. not
11. A. put B. weigh C. set D. stick
12. A. fun B. happiness C. good D. joy

448 LEARNING TO MAKE A PERFECT PIZZA

According to the European Pizza-Makers Association, making a good pizza is not a
straightforward skill to learn. The ingredients seem very simple: flour, yeast, water and a bit
of salt. (1) ,water and flour can easily (2) a rather unappetizing gluey mix, and
anyone who has eaten a (3) quality pizza will know how bad it can make our stomach
(4) . In Italy, 70 percent of pizza makers could improve on their product, not to (5)
all the pizza makers around the world who (6) uneatable meals, says Antonio
Primiceri, the Associations founder. He has now started a pizza school in an attempt to (7)
the reputation of this traditional dish. As part of an (8) course, the students at Mr
Primiceris school are taught to (9) common mistakes, produce a good basic mixture,
add a tasty topping and cook the pizza properly. Test the finished pizza by breaking the
crust, advises Mr Primiceri. If the soft (10) inside the pizza is white, clean and dry,
 its a good pizza. If it is not like this, the pizza will (11) your stomach. You will feel
(12) full and also thirsty.

1. A. Despite B. However C. Although D. Conversely

2. A. turn into B. take up C. put out D. make out
3. A. sad B. short C. poor D. weak
4. A. sense B. do C. be D. feel
5. A. state B. remark C. mention D. tell
6. A. submit B. give C. deal D. provide
7. A. hold B. save C. deliver D. return
8. A. extensive B. extreme C. intensive D. intentional
9. A. avoid B. escape C. miss D. pass
10. A. spot B. slice C. side D. part
11. A. upset B. worry C. ache D. depress
12. A. discouragingly B. tightly C. uncomfortably D. heavily

449 EVERYONES AN ARTIST

Every year, the village of Pettineo celebrates its unique arts festival. For a few days each
summer, artists from all over Europe (1) at this village near the north coast of Sicily to
(2) the creative atmosphere. During their stay, the artists get together with the local
people to paint a one-kilometre long picture that runs the (3) of the high street. (4)
the painting is done, each visiting artist joins a local family for a big lunch and, (5) the
meal, the family receives the (6) of the painting that the artist has painted. As a result,
(7) few villagers are rich, almost every home has at least one painting by a well-known
European artist. Visitors to the village are eagerly (8) into homes to see these paintings.
The festival was the idea of Antonio Presti, a local businessman who (9) it up several
years ago. Since then. Pettineo has (10) a sort of domestic art museum in (11) any
visitor can ring a doorbell, go into a house and (12) a painting. In addition to this
exhibition of paintings in peoples homes, for those who have time to spare, there is an
opportunity to wander through the display of huge sculptures in the village square.
1. A. group B. crowd C. combine D. gather
2. A. amuse B. enjoy C. entertain D. delight
3. A. length B. measure C. size D. area
4. A. Just B. Once C. Soon D. Only
5. A. in exchange for B. in place of C. in common with D. in addition to

6. A. partition B. section C. division D. region

7. A. since B. despite C. though D. even
8. A. invited B. persuaded C. requested D. attracted
9. A. had B. put C. got D. set
10. A. grown B. advance C. become D. increased
11. A. which B. where C. whom D. what
12. A. wonder B. stare C. respect D. admire

450 THE TEXTING PIGEONS

Not everybody recognises the benefits of new development in communications technology.
Indeed, some people fear that text messaging may actually be having a negative (1) on
young peoples communication and language skills, especially when we hear that primary
school children may be at (2) of becoming addicted to the habit. So widespread has
texting become, however, that even pigeons have started doing it. (3) , in this case, its
difficult to view the results as anything but positive.
Twenty of the birds are about to (4) to the skies with the task of measuring air pollution,
each (5) with sensor equipment and a mobile phone. The (6) made by the sensors
will automatically (7) into text message and beamed to the Internet where they will
(8) on a dedicated pigeon blog.
The birds will also each have a GPS receiver and a camera to capture aerial photos, and
research are building a tiny pigeon kit containing all these (9) . Each bird will carry
these in a miniature backpack, (10) , that is, from the camera, which will hang around
its neck.
The data the pigeons text will be displayed in the (11) of an interactive map, which
will (12) local residents with up-to-date information on their local air quality.
1.
8. A.
A. effect
appear B.
B. outcome
present C.
C. result
issue D.
D. conclusion
attend
2.
9. A.
A. danger
appliances B.
B. threat
utensils C.
C. risk
gadgets D.
D. peril
implements
3.
10. A.
A. Therefore
instead B.
B. What's name
except C.
C. Whereas
besides D.
D. That
apart is
4.
11. A.
A. make
shape B.
B. launch
form C.
C. reach
way D.
D. take
size
5.
12. A.
A. granted
offer B. produce
B. loaded C.
C. armed
donate D. stocked
D. provide
6. A. readings B. studies C. reviews D. inquiries
7. A. adapted B. converted C. rivised D. applied
451 BRILLIANT IDEA TO LIGHT UP VILLAGE
 A village in the fioothills of the Italian Alps that sees no sun for nearly three months a year is
to (1) its winters by using a giant mirror to reflect sunshine onto its (2) square.
This week, the 197 inhabitants of Viganella, which is buried in the (3) Antrona valley,
north of Turin, will gather for the arrival of a tailor-made (4) of steel 8m wide and 5m
high. It will be flown by helicopter to a (5) spot on the mountainside.
The mayor, Pierfranco Midali, who is spearheading the project, is (6) _ that the hamlet
will no longer have to suffer from the (7) _ absence of direct sunlight for 83 days a year,
from November 11 to February 13. Midali first set the ball rolling with a (8) he made
sven years ago, after he commissioned a sundial for the faade of the parish church. He told
the architect who made this that if he could (9) of a solution to bring the sun to
Viganella, he would (10) it all the way. Weighing more than a ton, and (11) on
the nearby Colna Peak, the mirror will reflect the suns rays onto the village square half a
mile away and light up an area of 30 square metres for at least six hours a day. The mirrors
maker has (12) it will stand up to the strongest winds and will last at least 30 years.
1. A. enlighten B. ruduce C. lift D. brighten
2. A. first B. important C. main D. open
3. A. thin B. narrow C. shallow D. brief
4. A. sheet B. blanket C. cover D. meterial
5. A. concluded B. designated C. best D. specialised
6. A. ascertainting B. ensured C. convincing D. confident
7. A. complete B. intact C. full D. whole
8. A. word B. saying C. comment D. speech
9. A. draw B. think C. make D. decide
10. A. hold B. carry C. stand D. support
11. A. positioned B. held C. lain D. dropped
12. A. insured B. thought C. guaranteed D. hoped
 452 USELESS THINGS, UMBRELLAS
If theres one thing I dislike about living in London, its when weather forecasters, after
predicting showers, add with a smile: so dont forget your umbrellas. But they havent said
anything of the (1) this week for the very good reason that its been both wet and
windy, and umbrellas are useless in a (2) wind. Today, you can see people all over the
city who look as if they are being pulled along by their umbrellas. You see the twisting and
(3) as if struggling to control some large ill-behaved bird. Then suddenly, the umbrella
blows inside out, after which it is (4) useless, either because the material is torn or
because the metal (5) is broken. Another (6) of umbrellas is that no object is so
frequently left in public places. In (7) of twelve thousand a year are abandoned on the
London Underground alone, according to a radio report broadcast this week. You used to get
a lot of very nice golfing umbrellas, an employee told the reporter. But now they tend (8)
to be dumpy, folding ones. One of these is, of course, more (9) , because it will
fit into your bag or briefcase, thereby (10) its chances of being left somewhere. But
unfortunately, a folding umbrella performs no better in the wind, (11) _ may even be
less robust. I cant help but think that if we can invent ingenious things like the mobile phone
and the MP3 player, then someone should have (12) up with a gadger to prplace the
umbrella by now.
1. A. genre B. type C. category D. sort
2. A. large B. high C. heavy D. tough
3. A. winding B. trailing C. curling D. turning
4. A. resulted B. remained C. rendered D. regarded
5. A. net B. frame C. grid D. stand
6. A. drawback B. upshot C. outcome D. letdown
7. A. quantity B. advance C. amount D. excess
8. A. mostly B. widely C. greatly D. hugely
9. A. amenable B. comfortable C. convenient D. accommodating
10. A. removing B. reducing C. receding D. replacing
11. A. instead B. whereas C. indeed D. however
12. A. come B. earn C. get D. gain
453 FOOTBALL AS AN ART FORM
 When filmmakers Douglas Gordon and Philipe Parreno (1) out to make an art house
movie about the lengendary French footballer Zinedine Zidane, they chose to film just one
match between Real Madrid the club for which he was playing at the (2) , and their
great rivals Villareal. But (3) of following the progress of the match, the ninety-minute
film would show something that had not been seen before: the precise detailed movements of
one man during an entire top-level football match.
They hope that the audience would disengage from the match itself, and focus on this portrait
of greatness. Every (4) _ gesture would be captured and they would see all of the
players grace, athleticism and competitiveness in (5) detail.
The (6) film is a fascinating work. Those who are not regular watchers football will be
astonished at how (7) Zidane becomes actively (8) in the game. For much of the
ninety minutes he moves around the field relatively slowly; saying nothing, expressing even
less, and only occasionally (9) into a lethargic jog.
And then the ball arrives at his feet, and there is a flurry of bewildering activity the cameras
(and there are seventeen of them (10) on him) struggle to keep up. The defenders dont
(11) a chance. In a few touches a couple of checks and feints, Zidane has (12)
the mall behind.. he crosses form the tightest of angles and his team-mate is left with the
simplest of headers to score a goal.
1. A. planned B. set C. worked D. put
2. A. point B. moment C. time D. occasion
3. A. alternative B. instead C. rather D. preference
4. A. one B. sole C. lone D. single
5. A. great B. big C. huge D. giant
6. A. following B. resulting C. concluding D. arising
7. A. rarely B. scarely C. partly D. hardly
8. A. concerned B. associated C. involved D. regarded
9. A. starting B. changing C. opening D. breaking
10. A. pointed B. looking C. trained D. starting
11. A. gain B. stand C. hold D. earn
12. A. missed B. dropped C. lost D. left

454 AS OLD AS YOU FEEL

 It might after all be true that you are only as old as you feel. A British clinic is carrying out
new high-tech tests to calculate the real biological age of patients (1) on their rate of
physical deterioration.
Information on very ( 2) of a patients health, fitness, lifestyle and family medical
history is (3) into a computer to work out whether they are older or younger the their
calendar age suggests.
The availability and increasing accuracy of the tests has (4) one leading British
gerontologist to call for biological age to be used to determine when workers should retire.
He (5) that if an employees biological or real age is shown, for example, to be 55
th
when he reaches his 65 birthday, he should be (6) to work for another decade.
Apparently most employers only take into (7) a persons calendar years, and the two
may differ considerably.
Some of those prepared to pay substantial sums of money for the examinations will be able to
smugly walk away with medical (8) showing that they really are as young as they feel,
giving them the confidence to act and dress as if they were younger. Dr Lynette Yong,
resident doctor at the clinic where the tests are offered claims that the purpose of these test
will be to motivate people to (9) their health. The concept of real age is set to
become big (10) in the USA, with books and websites helping people work out (11)
their body is older or younger than their years. Others firmly believe that looks will
always be the best (12) _ of age.
1. A. decided B. based C. arranged D. established
2. A. position B. prospect C. aspect D. attitude
3. A. supplied B. fed C. provided D. planned
4. A. projected B. prodded C. prompted D. provoked
5. A. argues B. debates C. discusses D. enquires
6. A. promoted B. supported C. incited D. encouraged
7. A. interest B. account C. detail D. importance
8. A. evidence B. signs C. demonstration D. grounds
9. A. progress B. gain C. improve D. increase
10. A. trade B. pursuit C. concern D. business
11. A. whether B. unless C. in case D. so that
12. A. notice B. token C. figure D. indicator
 455 MAKING SHOES, MAKING MONEY
If you visit an Asian factory which produces sports shoes you will see the major (1)
coming off the same production lines. The sports shoe (2) have mostly become design
and marketing companies, which (3) a lot of attention to coming (4) original
ideas. There are teams whose only (5) is to design and (6) new ideas
for footwear. The logos are very important: the Nike swoosh; the three stripes of Adidas.
These companies (7) huge amounts of money on advertising. The image they try and (8)
is American, young and hi-tech. the shoes they make are particularly (9) with
males who like to (10) _ themselves as tough and competitive. The companies (11)
compete to persuade top sports personalities to (12) their clothes.

1. A. brands B. types C. goods D. sorts

2. A. groups B. products C. companies D. shops
3. A. take B. make C. ask D. pay
4. A. down B. up C. in D. away
5. A. hobby B. work C. profession D. job
6. A. make B. do C. test D. control
7. A. spend B. put C. use D. pass
8. A. do B. create C. make up D. invent
9. A. famous B. a lot C. popular D. loved
10. A. look B. set C. show D. make
11. A. addition B. too C. and D. also
12. A. wear B. carry C. show D. put

456 A FAMILY GAP YEAR

When Jonathan and Claire Spencer, accompanied by their two children aged 8 and 11, set off
on a 17,000 mile voyage from England to Australia in their 51-foot yacht Attitude, Jonathan
(1) the year long voyages as the gentlest way of having an experience. But the
couple were not trying to (2) anything out of their system, and certainly didnt see thre
tri as something which had to be achieved at all (3) . Indeed, in spite of the enormity of
their adventure, the Spencers were in no sense dropping out. Both are (4) sailors, and
regarded their adventure as a career break, as a kind of family gap year.
Claire had been (5) _ a years unpaid leave from her job, and the family rented out
the home in London. Meanwhile, arrangements were mad for the children to return to
school
 after a years (6) _; this had the school blessing, (7) a private tutor was employed
to keep them up to (8) with curriculum.
Jonathan, the managing director of a property company, was able to take his job with him. He
worked out a way of (9) his duties without actually (10) foot in the office. As
you might imagine, the arrangement was entirely dependent on technology, and the cabin on
Attitude was (11) out with a communications satellite which (12) him to keep in
phone and email contact with his workplace. Could this be gap year of the future?
1. A. described B. expressed C. explained D. outlined
2. A. let B. take C. get D. remove
3. A. events B. costs C. accounts D. lengths
4. A. fond B. eager C. keen D. doting
5. A. granted B. conferred C. consented D. yielded
6. A. omission B. truancy C. default D. ansence
7. A. so that B. as long as C. even if D. as well as
8. A. speed B. pace C. rate D. stride
9. A. functioning B. achieving C. satisfying D. fulfilling
10. A. placing B. putting C. setting D. stepping
11. A. stocked B. fitted C. equipped D. furnished
12. A. ensured B. enforced C. enabled D. engaged

457 HAPPY TO BE AVERAGE

At a dinner party I was at recently, conservation was (1) fever pitch. A group of very
boring parents were (2) _ about just how exceptional their children were. Little Rosie
was walking almost before she was born, said one. Thats nothing! Little Bobby was
using conditional tenses at thirteen months and was even (3) his mother, said another.
Then came the (4) of a woman who had, until them, chosen to (5) silent. What
(6) was her child bringing into the world? The table hushed as she spoke. Well ,
Theos entirely average, she said. But I love him.
How brave she was to value the average, thereby elevating it to the extraordinary. The ironic
thing, (7) , was that the rest of the dinner guests then started to complete (8) over
again, saying that actually their child was (9) more average than hers because, etc. it
made me (10) that being confident enough to say you are entirely average (11)
that youre actually anything but.
 The world is full of superlatives. We have become (12) to everything being new,
brilliant, fabulous, the latest or the best (13) . So much so that we too (14)
talking like the advertisers who are always telling us that things are glamorous, fairytale,
glittering and wonderful. Im sure that Im not (15) in feeling very tired of it all.
1. A. reaching B. attaining C. gaining D. getting
2. A. applauding B. praising C. boasting D. complimenting
3. A. altering B. correcting C. amending D. revising
4. A. attempt B. try C. go D. turn
5. A. remain B. repose C. rest D. resist
6. A. contributions B. donations C. presents D. gifts
7. A. therefore B. of course C. nonetheless D. even though
8. A. it B. everything C. all D. anything
9. A. effectively B. considerably C. eventually D. constructively
10. A. perceive B. imagine C. suppose D. realise
11. A. tells B. speaks C. means D. points
12. A. accustomed B. accepted C. acquainted D. acknowledged
13. A. ever B. yet C. so far D. of all
14. A. fall back B. end up C. come down D. get around
15. A. lonely B. individual C. single D. unique

8
By this time tomorrow, more than 243 hectares of tropical rain forest will have been
destroyed and one hundred or (1) species of wildlife will be (2) the verge of
total (3) .
Rain forest cover just 7 percent of the Earths land area but are home to 30 percent of its
birds and 90 percent of its invertebrates. By razing this rich (4) ,we are putting an
enormous proportion of the planets biological wealth (5) risk. We may never know
the value of the life forms were destroying. Many plants found in these forest may have
anticancer properties; other food plants which many contain disease or pest- resistant genes
could, by means of genetic (6) , be used to improve domestics plant production and
help in the fight (7) _ hunger.
Rain forest absorb huge amounts of rain and water vapor. It a forest is cleared, heavy rain
inundates the ground, resulting in flooding and (8) erosion.
 At a global level, rain forest help stabilize the planet by absorbing huge amounts of carbon
dioxide from the atmosphere. Clearing forests increase the amount of carbon dioxide being
released into the air by burned or decayed vegetation. The overall effect is an increased level
of this (9) gas which traps heat near the Earths surface and may be a major cause of
global warming.
Rain forest conservation is now at a crossroads. Organizations concerned to protect the (10)
have proven that innovative strategies can (11) , but tropical and temperate
forests are still disappearing at an alarming rate. It will (12) a worldwide effort to halt
the destruction and save (13) remains, but the benefits will be incalculable. Not only
will we preserve innumerable (14) of wildlife, priceless resources and the Earths
climatic stability, we may also create a society that cherishes (15) than ravages our
planets natural wonders.
1. A. earth B. more C. most D. many
2. A. on B. by C. for D. from
3. A. disappear B. gone C. erosion D. extinction
4. A. situation B. inhabit C. habitat D. habitation
5. A. with B. by C. on D. at
6. A. gardening B. exchanging C. engineering D. arranging
7. A. for B. against C. towards D. from
8. A. earth B. dirt C. soil D. ground
9. A. greenhouse B. glasshouse C. greening D. green
10. A. nature B. surroudnings C. environs D. environment
11. A. work B. agree C. conform D. fulfil
12. A. afford B. take C. use D. demand
13. A. that B. which C. what D. those
14. A. families B. species C. breeds D. tribes
15. A. rather B. more C. other D. farther

459 LUDWIG VAN BEETHOVEN

Ludwig van Beethoven, a famous composer, was born on December 16, 1770, in Bonn,
Germany. He (1) in a very musical but poor family. He began (2) music at the
age of four. Beethovens first music teacher was his father. There are (3) legends
which say that his father was a violent and intemperate man, who returned home (4)
 late at night and dragged young Ludwig for his bed in order to beat music lessons into the
boys sleepy head. (5) these the young Beethoven developed a sensitivity and vision
for music. When, despite his fathers brutal teaching methods, Ludwig began to show signs
of promise, other teachers were called in. by the age of seven he was advanced enough to
appear in (6) . His first compositions were published in 1782. Five years later, while in
Vienna, he performed for and (7) a good impression on Mozart, a renowned composer
of the time. Beethoven studied with many of the great musical masters but found his (8)
of composition which was freer and more modern. He became (9) _ as an original
composer by the time he had written his Third Symphony. He began to lose his hearing in
1798 but did not stop composing. He wrote (10) 100 pieces of music during his (11)
. By the time he finished his Ninth Symphony in 1823, Beethoven was completely
deaf. In spite of this, he (12) the first performance of his work and it was his (13)
success. Beethoven had a (14) and devoted circle of friends all his life, thought
to have been attracted by his strength of personality. He died three years later of pneumonia on
March 26, 1827. He (15) on of most famous and influential composers of all time.
1. A. was grown B. brought out C. grew up D. came from
2. A. learning B. studying C. listening D. practising
3. A. numerous B. incalculable C. limitless D. plenty
4. A. drunkard B. drunk C. drinking D. drunken
5. A. In spite B. Due to C. Despite D. However
6. A. public B. publicity C. daylight D. the open
7. A. did B. got C. gave D. made
8. A. lifestyle B. style C. method D. way
9. A. famous B. appreciated C. celebrated D. known
10. A. more B. above C. over D. almost
11. A. lifetime B. life C. living D. existence
12. A. carried out B. proceeded C. realised D. conducted
13. A. biggest B. highest C. smallest D. lowest
14. A. tight B. close C. near D. dear
15. A. remembers B. reminds C. leaves D. remains

460
If you go to Stockholm, you are quite (1) to come across people talking loudly to
themselves in the streets. At first, you think they must have (2) crazy. But when you
have closer (3) at them, you pot a tiny headphone with a hardly visible strip of black wire in
their ears. This is when you realize that the thing you see is the latest gizmo a craze or a new
fashion among the Swedes. What is it exactly? A mini-headphone that comes with a mobile
phone. The set (4) a combination of a Walkman and a modem stage microphone. The
mobile can be seated in your pocket (5) the headphone stays in the ear. Although the set is
a costly thing, it is expected to reach wider markets soon. The advertisers are already trying to
(6) people that the headphone set eliminate the range of dangerous radiation (7)
by mobiles. The Swedes are known to be (8) about their health just
as they care about the proper upbringing for their offspring. This is why they have recently
bought thousands of electronic toy animals which are placed inside a plastic egg. (9) to
experts, the toys can help teach children to be systematic and responsible
(10) cats or dogs, the electronic pets need to be fed and taken for a regular walk. And
they can be even more demanding than live pets. However, they do not (11) much
trouble to parents. Whenever a child forgets about feeding time or ignores the pets natural
needs, the pets will whine and squeal in a horrible (12) . The real problem starts when
children bring their beloved pets to school. Lessons are broken on several occasions when a
hungry or thirsty pet loudly (13) of its existence. One teacher has found a good
solution (14) the trouble. She (15) her pupils build a mini-zoo where they are
asked to leave their artificial pets before coming into a classroom. The children may only see
and play with their darling during the lunch-break.
1.
12. A.
A. probably
habit B.
B. possibly
custom C.
C. likely
approach D.
D. really
manner
2.
13. A.
A. gone
recalls B.
B. driven
reminds C.
C. grown
memorizes D.
D. run
remembers
3.
14. A.
A. notice
to B.
B. sight
at C.
C. view
on D.
D. look
with
4.
15. A.
A. remembers
did B.
B. resembles
wanted C.
C. reminds
made D.
D. recognizes
asked
5. A. otherwise B. nevertheless C. thereafter D. while
6. A. realize B. prove C. convince D. confirm
461 THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS
7. A. emitted B. issued C. poured D. distributed
The League of Nations was founded in Paris during the course of the peace conference that
8. A. conscious B. considerate C. committed D. concerned
concluded the First World War. Its (1) aim w\as to achieve peace and trust (2)
9. A. Following B. According C. Agreeing D. Regarding
member countries. It also (3) to settle disputes and promote international cooperation,
10. A. Similar B. Approximately C. Like D. Equivalent
(4) in political areas.
11. A. cause B. design C. establish D. reason
 The League (5) operations in January 1920. However, the idea of an organization to
maintain peace had originated (6) time earlier. It had been suggested by a number of
pacifists who had been active in the years (7) the First World War.
It developed as a society that was (8) to all who wished to join it. Members were free
to withdraw later if they wished to do (9) for any reason. It (10) its power
through an Assembly, a Council and a Secretary. The council consisted of several members,
both permanent and nonpermanent. (11) being highly organized, the powers of League
of Nations were (12) in fact very effective. Actions (13) aggressive states were
difficult to carry out because every decision needed to be agreed upon by all members.
In its time the League did stop wars in some cases. But (14) countries began to avoid
their obligations by withdrawing. The (15) of the League became unmistakable with
the Second World War of 1939-1945, and in the course of the war, the United Nations was
devised in its place.
1.
11. A.
A. chief
Since B.
B. larfe
In spite C.
C. concise
Altogether D.
D. proper
Despite
2.
12. A.
A. to
nothing B.
B. about
not C.
C. among
sometimes D.
D. towards
truly
3.
13. A.
A. sought
to B.
B. ougt
by C.
C. went
without D.
D. tempted
against
4.
14. A.
A. partially
certain B.
B. finally
whenever C.
C. really
sure D.
D. especially
such
5.
15. A.
A. formed
fault B. began
B. failure C.
C. managed
loss D. ran
D. disaster
6. A. much B. a C. some D. one
7. A. prefixing B. pursuing C. perusing D. preceding
462 THE LOST ART OF OLD MASTERS
8. A. owed B. due C. open D. aimed
The three blank spaces on the wall of the Frankfurt Schirn Gallery are probably more
9. A. so B. or C. and D. there
photographed than the old paintings which (1) there until last Thursday. That was the
10. A. exhibited B. exercised C. performed D. gave
day when thieves (2) two paintings by JMW Turner, which were (3) loan from
Londons Tate Gallery. In fact, as theft increases, empty walls are (4) _ an increasingly
familiar (5) in Europeans galleries. The thieves are usually (6) _ of professional
gangs who study the layout of their target in (7) beforehand. They are becoming better
at overcoming the tightest security. The thieves of Frankfurt waited (8) the gallery
closed at 10pm, overpowered the security guard before he could (9) on the alarm
system and (10) with the painting to a waiting car. The pictures are (11) at
37.3 million and, since they are (12) famous to sell, police suspect that the thieves
will hold them ransom. A 62,800 reward is being (13) _ for information. Unfortunately
European Union policy has made it easier for thieves to (14) borders and harder for
police to follow them. To discourage thieves, galleries may have to turn themselves (15)
high security fortresses.
 1. A. fixed B. stayed C. held D. hung
2. A. robbed B. burgled C. stole D. borrowed
3. A. for B. on C. in D. at
4. A. becoming B. getting C. having D. growing
5. A. look B. scene C. site D. sight
6. A. guests B. partners C. members D. owners
7. A. fact B. detail C. addition D. general
8. A. until B. while C. before D. for
9. A. go B. turn C. rely D. set
10. A. hid B. parted C. got D. escaped
11. A. valued B. charged C. measured D. appreciated
12. A. very B. enough C. too D. quite
13. A. stated B. offered C. held D. taken
14. A. swap B. alter C. cross D. change
15. A. for B. towards C. over D. into

463 ECCNTRIC OR MAD?

Traditionally, the British have always been very fond of their eccentrics. Even today, British
eccentrics are considered to be strangest, (1) _ to American psychologist David Weeks.
(2) the Leopard Man, for example. He lives alone in a cave on the Isle of Skye. He
tattooed from (3) to toe with leopard spots, and (4) a living selling seafood. But
is this bizarre (5) a type of mental illness? It has long been believed that creativity and
insanity
1. A.areconcerning
(6) . In B.
the last 30 years or so,C.
considering psychologists
according haveD.
triedresponding
to find evidence to
2.
(7) A. this
Takebelief. One B. See
study C. people
found that creative Watch have a lotD.of (8)
Look common
3. eccentrics
with A. peakand also that
B. they
hairare more (9) C. height
to suffer from D. headdepression,
extreme
4. A.
which creates
is often B. makes
associated with C.during
mental illness. But gets David Weeks
D. detailed
has (10)
5. theA.personalities
into action B. treament
of eccentrics, he found thatC.theyacting
are (11) D.thebehaviour
happiest and
6. A. of
healthiest connected B. joined do they visitC.their
people. Not (12) same
doctors muchD.lessattached
often than the (13)
7. A. give
of us, B. usually
but they are also hold (14) C.in several
supportthings atD.
onebear
time, so they always
8. a (15)
have A. on in life. B. from C. of D. in
9. A. probable B. likely C. possibly D. available
10. A. search B. look C. check D. research
11. A. between B. among C. by D. apart
12. A. only B. just C. simply D. purely
13. A. other B. rest C. others D. most
14. A. interesting B. involving C. interested D. invested
15. A. goal B. reason C. score D. want
464 ANOREXIA
Anorexia is a comparatively new illness and seems to be linked to the society we live in
which increasingly (1) us on our appearance. The media encourages us to try to be (2)
and beautiful. Falling short of these criteria can put enormous (3) on the
majority of us who are less than (4) . Each year there are estimated to be at (5)
2,000 new cases of anorexia. About one sufferer in ten is male, but most anorexia are females
in their teens and twenties who suffer (6) a distorted self image, feeling fat and ugly,
(7) slim and attractive they may appear to other. Though constantly hungry, anorexics
attempt to gain (8) of their lives by (9) _ to eat. The problem commonly (10)
in teenage years, when responsibilities increase. In (11) cases, in can (12)
anaemia, heart and kidney problems and, in almost a fifth of the cases, death by
starvation or secondary infection. Treatment (13) encouraging patients to (14)
weight by providing counseling and therapy which, in essence, guides the sufferers (15)
a normal life.

1. A. watches B. criticises C. measures D. judges

2. A. narrow B. slim C. light D. slight
3. A. pressure B. tension C. weight D. force
4. A. exact B. good C. excellent D. perfect
5. A. minimum B. less C. least D. more
6. A. by B. for C. of D. from
7. A. whether B. however C. moreover D. either
8. A. control B. direction C. power D. authority
9. A. forbidding B. rejecting C. refusing D. denying
10. A. delivers B. develops C. turns D. takes
11. A. prolonged B. extended C. enlarged D. expanded
12. A. lead B. catch C. cause D. give
13. A. involves B. considers C. concerns D. deals
14. A. put B. win C. earn D. regain
15. A. in B. from C. towards D. at

465 ALTERNATIVE THERAPY

 Creative therapy is now regarded as a worthy alternative to the more conventional forms of
treatment such as psychoanalysis. Art, music and dance are some of the forms of therapy now
(1) . These therapies are thought to be (2) in relieving stress, depression and
even emotional problems (3) by tensions in relationships. Art therapy (4)
painting, sculpture and modeling as a(n) (5) of expressing ones hidden feelings. The
good news is that no particular talent is needed; once you have (6) your work of art,
(7) is the opportunity to talk it through with a therapist. Those who (8) difficult
to immediately start up a conversation find this (9) of therapy useful. Music therapy
involves singing or the playing of a musical instruments, (10) sound to bring hidden
emotions to the (11) . Again, no (12) skill is required; you dont have to be
Pavarotti to benefit (13) this type of therapy. This technique is often used to promote
self-confidence in the physically or mentally disable. And for those among you who (14)
too much time in intellectual pursuits, dance therapy may prove (15) .
It encourages spontaneity and helps the deep thinker become bodily aware.

1. A. visible B. handy C. available D. ready

2. A. effective B. capable C. possible D. likely
3. A. directed B. happened C. occurred D. caused
4. A. contains B. involves C. has D. needs
5. A. type B. attempt C. means D. effort
6. A. worked B. completed C. been D. added
7. A. ii B. here C. that D. there
8. A. find B. make C. seem D. have
9. A. condition B. shape C. form D. pattern
10. A. using B. having C. consisting D. trying
11. A. side B. top C. front D. surface
12. A. strange B. special C. peculiar D. typical
13. A. from B. by C. of D. in
14. A. have B. use C. spend D. spare
15. A. worthy B. priceless C. precious D. invaluable

466 DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

 There are roughly 140 countries which (1) to the Third World and which are (2)
as developing, less developed and poor countries. Although there are great (3) between
them, they do have a number of (4) in common. For (5) , much of the Third
World is in poverty. A few exceptions to his rule are Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and Libya.
However, because the economies of these three countries (6) largely on one export, oil, they
are still vulnerable in the world market. Most of the developing countries (7)
have very little industry. Farming is often the only (8) in which the country can make
money. (9) worse, many of the countries only produce enough food to (10) their
own population alive. India is a classic example of this, as (11) less than 70 percent of
its 870 million people work the land (12) a living. Another feature which links less
developed countries is life expectancy. People die younger in the Third World because of the
poverty in (13) they live. The poor have much less healthy diets (14) in
developed countries, and health care is also more (15) to be inadequate.
1. A. belong B. attach C. connect D. include
2. A. said B. told C. known D. taken
3. A. changes B. disagreements C. varieties D. differences
4. A. faces B. sides C. features D. signs
5. A. case B. instance C. reason D. fact
6. A. decide B. insist C. lean D. depend
7. A. then B. still C. while D. although
8. A. way B. type C. model D. method
9. A. Most B. More C. Even D. Quite
10. A. have B. make C. hold D. keep
11. A. a B. the C. no D. too
12. A. as B. for C. of D. to
13. A. which B. where C. that D. whose
14. A. as B. than C. like D. or
15. A. definite B. probable C. possible D. likely

467 DOES THE MOON AFFECT YOUR BEHAVIOUR

For thousands of years the moon has caught our imagination. Although it can be seen during
the day, it is associated (1) things that come out after (2) like werewolves and
witches. For thousands of years the moon has been considered to have magical (3) and
 it is still a symbol of the supernatural. Despite moon-landings in the (4) half of the
century, the idea that the moon (5) our minds and bodies remains (6) . American
studies have reported more murders at full moon, more bleeding during surgery, a greater
number of accidents and suicides, and more disturbed (7) in psychiatric hospitals. This
(8) lunar influence has been called the Transylvania effect. In (9) , there are
at least two theories put (10) by scientists claiming to explain this effect. (11) ,
Ivan Kelly of the University of Saskatchewan and James Rotton of Florida International
University found that the Transylvania effect did not (12) exist at all. Furthermore,
they (13) the Transylvania effect theories, saying they
psychological factors. If you believe the moon affects you, you alter your behaviour
accordingly. There is no magic (15)
at all.
1. A. for B. with C. to D. at
2. A. dark B. night C. day D. light
3. A. talents B. gifts C. powers D. strengths
4. A. other B. second C. present D. nearer
5. A. moves B. reacts C. adopts D. affects
6. A. popular B. contemporary C. famous D. modern
7. A. manners B. taste C. behaviour D. actions
8. A. appearing B. plain C. open D. apparent
9. A. time B. place C. fact D. order
10. A. forward B. away C. on D. up
11. A. Probably B. Moreover C. Otherwise D. However
12. A. frequently B. actually C. eventually D. hardly
13. A. sacked B. dropped C. rejected D. refused
14. A. thought B. made C. invented D. caused
15. A. involved B. concerned C. mixed D. included

468 DIAMONDS ARE FOREVER

It has been common practice in recent years for a man to buy his fiance a diamond to (1)
their engagement. Diamond rings have been bought by the aristocracy since the (2)
of the century, but until the 1950s they were considers and expensive and (3)
accessory for a working-class wedding. (4) , it was around this time that De Beers, the
biggest producers of diamonds in the world, decided that they needed to (5) their
 market. As a (6) , they launched an advertising campaign which was (7) at
couples with a slightly smaller budget. It was one of the most successful campaigns in the
companys (8) . For this campaign, the advertisers wanted to sell the idea that, (9)
diamonds are an expensive luxury, they are also the (10) of everlasting love.
Thus a diamond engagement ring was supposed to signify the husbands life-long (11)
to his wife. The idea was expressed in the (12) which was first conceived by De Beers
advertisers : Diamonds are Forever. This (13) _ to be highly profitable because the
public bought the idea and (14) bought diamond rings by the thousands. De Beers,
who now have almost total (15) over diamond production worldwide, have never
looked back.
1. A. prove B. notice C. show D. mark
2. A. first B. beginning C. origin D. front
3. A. unnecessary B. unwanted C. invaluable D. needless
4. A. Although B. While C. However D. When
5. A. stretch B. grow C. continue D. extend
6. A. fact B. result C. conclusion D. reaction
7. A. aimed B. pointed C. guided D. led
8. A. story B. past C. history D. tale
9. A. although B. but C. even D. nevertheless
10. A. post B. symbol C. fact D. signal
11. A. relationship B. trust C. devotion D. faith
12. A. phrase B. word C. part D. remark
13. A. tinned B. confirmed C. ended D. proved
14. A. after B. consequently C. though D. following
15. A. force B. check C. control D. strength

469 DIARIES

A diary is a daily record of events, thoughts and feelings (1) either for the writers
own personal satisfaction or for (2) use Most diarists (3) expect nor necessarily
want anyone else to read what they have written, so, on the (4) only they and perhaps
their relatives and (5) friends ever see their writings. On the other hand, some people
do write with the (6) of informing and entertaining the public, although often diaries
are only (7) _ and published after the authors death.
 Once example of a diarist who never expected his diary to be (8) by the public was
th
Samuel Pepys, who lived in the 17 century. His diary is the most impressive (9) the
English language, recording some of the greatest (10) in English history, yet it is also
the story of a (11) lovable mans life. Another example is that of Anne Frank, a young
Jewish girl who was in (12) from the Nazis in Amsterdam (13) the Second
World War. It is a unique and moving (14) of her unbearable life and the courage she
needed to (15) it.
1. A. possessed B. held C. kept D. stocked
2. A. then B. latter C. late D. later
3. A. not B. neither C. none D. either
4. A. all B. general C. whole D. everything
5. A. close B. narrow C. near D. tight
6. A. reason B. fact C. intention D. function
7. A. explored B. excavated C. invented D. discovered
8. A. shown B. revealed C. seen D. exhibited
9. A. in B. for C. of D. to
10. A. stories B. events C. facts D. happenings
11. A. most B. much C. many D. more
12. A. save B. hiding C. search D. rescue
13. A. during B. through C. over D. for
14. A. file B. report C. collection D. account
15. A. pass B. tolerate C. suffer D. outlive

470 STRESS
Stress is important. We all need a certain amount of in order to (1) fulfilling lives.
However, if we have too much of it, it can have the opposite (2) . Some people can
tolerate greater (3) of stress than others, but most of us will (4) at some time in
our lives. It is (5) a good idea to learn a few stress management techniques.
Indentifying the (6) _ of the problem we have, so that we can (7) _ it more
effectively, is one of the first (8) towards reducing stress. The second is talking to a
person you can trust, who will listen and, if necessary, (9) you some positive advice.
Not only are smoking and drinking (10) to our health, they actually increase stress (11)
than reduce it. So, next time you want to relax, (12) of reaching for that glass of
wine or a cigarette, have a warm bath or go for a walk. Walking has more than health
benefits, it helps you think more (13) too. Pets have a calming influence on us, unless
they make noise which irritates us. In fact, unwanted noises should be (14) as far as
possible. On the other hand, laughter is one of the best ways to (15) yourself feel
considerably better.
1. A. lead B. guide C. carry D. spend
2. A. influence B. solution C. effect D. answer
3. A. platforms B. levels C. grades D. scales
4. A. undergo B. torture C. tolerate D. suffer
5. A. therefore B. so C. however D. nevertheless
6. A. purpose B. cause C. occurrence D. reason
7. A. rather B. do C. solve D. cope
8. A. movements B. steps C. ways D. methods
9. A. hand B. provide C. supply D. give
10. A. negative B. destructive C. harmful D. hurtful
11. A. rather B. more C. as D. quite
12. A. ahead B. instead C. because D. other
13. A. cleanly B. well C. skilfully D. clearly
14. A. subtracted B. limited C. avoided D. transported
15. A. succeed B. have C. do D. make

471 WHY ARE BROKEN MIRRORS BELIEVED TO BE UNLUCKY?

Breaking a mirror is said to bring seven years bad luck. Although most people may (1)
that they are not superstitious, they would nonetheless be a (2) _ uncomfortable if
they did break a mirror. This age-old superstition is (3) to have come from the ancient
belief that when a person (4) at their reflection, they were seeing their own soul. (5)
that reflection was broken, then the soul would be (6) . The seven-year (7)
probably arises from another ancient belief, that the body (8) itself every seven
years. After this time had (9) the soul would then be renewed. Superstitions
surrounding mirrors dont (10) there. Break one in Yorkshire, and youll (11)
your best friend, and in America, its not bad luck to break one on (12) . If you do it
accidentally, simply (13) out a dollar bill and make the sign of the cross. In many
countries its a (14) _ custom to (15) any mirrors in the house with a cloth when
someone has died.
1. A. claim B. tell C. persist D. support
2. A. lot B. little C. small D. few
3. A. possible B. apparently C. probable D. likely
4. A. saw B. looked C. watched D. obvered
5. A. As B. Should C. Unless D. if
6. A. destroyed B. crushed C. exploded D. disappeared
7. A. distance B. time C. period D. date
8. A. replaced B. charged C. removed D. began
9. A. left B. spent C. passed D. been
10. A. begin B. complete C. go D. end
11. A. overlook B. lose C. miss D. misplace
12. A. chance B. accident C. reason D. purpose
13. A. take B. have C. remove D. bring
14. A. plain B. cutural C. common D. familiar
15. A. dress B. cover C. shade D. screen

472 JERSEY

Over recent years Jersey, an island in the English Channel, has become a very popular
holiday destination for British tourists. They are attracted by its (1) climate and
magnificent scenery. Jersey was popularized as a resort by an English television series (2)
Bergerac, which follows a police detective on his adventures around the island. The
producers of the series were (3) to show the island at its (4) Scenes were shot in
all the most beautiful (5) of the island so, although Bergerac was not (6) to
boost the islands tourist industry, the number of visitors to the island steadily (7) as
the series became more popular. Most of the tourist who come to Jersey are English. Jersey
appeals (8) them because the ferry crossing or plane journey gives the (9) of
travelling abroad, yet the island has all the conveniences of home. For (10) , English is
spoken all over the island (only the older (11) still speak Jersey French) and the
currency and many of the shops are familiar. Yet, because the island is so close to France, it
 is (12) to sense a French (13) in the food, the architecture and the (14) of
life. It is this added cultural element that (15) Jersey a popular holiday destination.

1. A. easy B. mild C. shy D. calm

2. A. said B. pronounced C. callled D. told
3. A. careful B. accurate C. cautious D. exact
4. A. excellence B. best C. prime D. advantage
5. A. countries B. divisions C. regions D. parts
6. A. aimed B. determined C. intended D. proposed
7. A. rose B. raised C. arose D. appeared
8. A. from B. by C. for D. to
9. A. meaning B. sense C. perception D. understanding
10. A. case B. illustration C. instance D. point
11. A. age B. group C. peoples D. generation
12. A. easy B. painless C. obvious D. casual
13. A. effect B. pressure C. power D. influence
14. A. way B. means C. method D. type
15. A. does B. creates C. makes D. gives

473 GRAFFITI
The history of writing and drawing on walls, nowadays known as graffiti, is much longer
than (1) of us realize. People were painting on walls thousands of years ago. (2)
. The paintings could have been done for religious reasons, there is also the (3)
that the artists wanted to (4) their individuality at the same time. (5) days
graffiti can be seen almost everywhere, from the Paris Metro to the outside walls of house in
Northern Ireland. It is often viewed as the (6) of vandals, but some people actually
claim that it is a (7) of art. Certainly, there have been a number of (8) of graffiti
which have been of (8) _ of graffiti which have been shown at art exhibitions.
However as most graffiti is not appreciated, there are continuous (9) to have it
removed, which (10) a great deal of money. (11) instance, London
Underground has to spend 5 million a year (12) _ cleaning Its stations. Unfortunately
the stations do not (13) clean for very long. But recent research has (14) to the
development of a new type of paint. This is effective in the fight (15) _ graffiti because
paint will not dry on it, so it is much easier to clean the walls.
1. A. every B. much C. most D. lot
2. A. But B. Although C. However D. Moreover
 3. A. possibility B. risk C. ability D. circumstance
4. A. explain B. describe C. tell D. express
5. A. Now B. These C. Our D. Modern
6. A. career B. operation C. job D. work
7. A. mark B. make C. form D. name
8. A. drawings B. shows C. models D. examples
9. A. tries B. attempts C. trials D. tests
10. A. spends B. charges C. saves D. costs
11. A. For B. By C. As D. In
12. A. with B. at C. on D. to
13. A. stop B. remain C. maintain D. hold
14. A. led B. found C. reached D. arrived
15. A. for B. versus C. against D. counter

474 THE MAN WHO DREW WINNIE

Many people have seen the creations of Ernest H.Shepard, although few know the name.
Generations of children of (1) ages have read Winnie the Pooh and The Wind in the
Willows, and (2) is Shepards drawing that bring the stories to (3) . Born in
1879, he was (4) up in London and had a happy childhood (5) the death of his
mother when he was nine. After leaving school, he studied an at the Royal Academy and (6)
his first exhibition in 1901. After the First World War, he took (7) a career in
illustration and (8) some of the most memorable characters in childrens literature.
In his autobiography, draw for memory, the describes (9) it was like to grow up in
Victorian Britain. He creates an excellent (10) of life then, describing seaside visits to
the (11) and journey by horse-drawn cab. It (12) his own drawings of scenes
from his childhood, (13) his family life and exciting visits he and his brothers and
sisters (14) . Times have (15) since then, but people still enjoy Shepards
beautiful illustrations.
1.
6. A. made
A. everyout B. put
B. bothon C. came
C. all by D. turned
D. severalup
2.
7. A. off
A. it B. out
B. that C. down
C. which D. up
D. what
3.
8. A. produced
A. reality B. discovered
B. creation C. increased
C. life D. caused
D. force
4.
9. A.
A. grown
how B.
B. brought
which C.
C. put
that D.
D. done
what
5. A.
10. A. by
vision B.
B. thought
picture C.
C. unless
print D.
D. until
eight
11. A. land B. edge C. coast D. border
 12. A. includes B. comprises C. composes D. consists
13. A. demonstrating B. displaying C. showing D. offering
14. A. went B. made C. did D. took
15. A. moved B. turned C. gone D. changed

475 AARDVARKS
When the Boer settlers first arrived in South Africa form Holland, they found a strange
animal. Its ears (1) _ those of a donkey and its body is (2) with stiff hair. It has a
long snout, (3) longer than that of a pig, and long eyelashes. It is also (4) with
very short, powerful legs, with (5) it digs into the ground. The Boers named it the
aardvark , which means earth pig in the (6) Dutch.
The favourite food of the aardvark is termites. Termites are insects that live in large colonies,
(7) ants. Using (8) and saliva, termites construct a tall mound which is as hard
as concrete. The aardvark uses its (9) legs to break the termite mound (10) and
get at the insects uses its (11) as soldiers, who try to protect the colony. Aardvarks,
(12) , have thick skin to protect themselves from bites/.
Females only (13) birth to one baby a year, so aardvarks are quite rare. When they are
(14) threat, they use their tough legs to quickly dig underground to (15) from
their attacker. Aardvarks are not often seen because they are nocturnal, sleeping in their
burrows during the day and coming out to hunt at night.
1.
8. A. soil
A. appear B. ground
B. resemble C. floe
C. seem D. surface
D. look
2.
9. A. top
A. decorated B. forward
B. full C. ahead
C. covered D. from
D. surrounded
3. A.
10. A. out
much B. over
B. more C. open
C. very D. through
D. as
4. A.
11. A. recognised
qualified B.
B. enabled
known C.
C. provided
named D.
D. equipped
called
5. A.
12. A. though
them B.
B. which
despite C.
C. those
although D.
D. these
still
6. A.
13. A. do
primary B.
B. genuine
make C.
C. first
give D.
D. original
have
7. A.
14. A. in
as B.
B. like
on C.
C. so
with D.
D. also
under
15. A. escape B. prevent C. remove D. avoide

476 CREDIT CARDS

In most Western countries, few people use cash any more to pay for large purchases. (1)
, they either write cheques or pay by credit card. Whereas cheques are decreasing in (2)
 each year, the credit card has become increasingly indispensable. Many people now
have several credit cards at any one time.
Paying by credit card offers (3) several major advantages. Firstly, you dont have to
carry around large amounts of (4) (which could be stolen and is (5) to have in
your pocket or wallet) or a large cheque book. This is because of the way the system (7)
. With a credit card, you receive a (8) from the credit card company or bank at
the end of each month. If you (9) your purchase at the beginning of month, you will
have had several weeks of interest free credit. You can then decide to pay the amount in
(10) , and thus not be charged any payment, at a high (12) of interest, to
subsequent months.
This, of course, can lead to one of the main disadvantages of credit cards. They (13)
people the impression that they can (14) to spend more than they actually can, (15)
in their ending up with huge amounts of debt.

1. A. Likewise B. Moreover C. However D. Rather

2. A. fame B. popularity C. regard D. reputation
3. A. consumers B. regulars C. shoplifter D. clients
4. A. exchange B. currency C. cash D. coinage
5. A. bothering B. annoying C. disturbing D. discrupting
6. A. rightly B. really C. truly D. actually
7. A. works B. acts C. happens D. manages
8. A. fee B. receipt C. charge D. bill
9. A. took B. made C. created D. did
10. A. total B. complete C. full D. whose
11. A. certain B. sure C. clear D. firm
12. A. grade B. worth C. rate D. value
13. A. have B. make C. take D. give
14. A. afford B. succeed C. provide D. achieve
15. A. leading B. resulting C. affecting D. forcing

477 THE HANGING GARDENS OF BABYLON

The Hanging Gardens of Babylon were considered to be one of the Seven Wonders of
the (1) World. They are believed to have been built by King Nebuchadnezzar in the
sixth (2) BC as a present for his wife, Amytis.
 The gardens were (3) in lawyers one on top of the other, much like a modern
multi-storey car (4) _, although a lot of more (5) to look at. Each layer was a large
terrace (6) with tropical flowers, plants and trees. The large (7) of water which
these plants required was (8) from the river Euphrates nearby, it is said that
Nebuchadnezzar and his wife would sit in the (9) of the gardens and (10) down
on the city of Babylon below.
The gardens fame quickly (11) , and travelers would be come from far and
wide to (12) them. Even thousands of years ago, people used to go (13) ! The
city of Babylon itself was also famous thoughts the whole (14) for its beautiful
buildings, huge tiled walls and magnificent gates made of brass.
Sadly, nothing (15) _ today of the beautiful hanging gardens, and the city of
Babylon lies in ruins what is modern day Iraq.
1. A.
10. A. watch
Ancient B. see
B. Antique C. look
C. Historical D. observe
D. Traditional
2. A.
11. A. distributed
decade B. spread
B. century C. extended
C. era D. moved
D. period
3. A.
12. A. admire
constructed B. respect
B. assembled C. approve
C. collected D. assess
D. invented
4. A.
13. A. glimpsing
garage B.
B. stop
staring C.
C. station
glancing D.
D. park
sightseeing
5. A.
14. A. planet
good-looking B.
B. handsome
world C.
C. attractive
earth D.
D. adorable
globe
6. A.
15. A. waits
included B. stays
B. contained C. remains
C. consisted D. continues
D. filled
7. A. total B. amount C. sum D. number
8. A. dragged B. pulled C. pushed D. pumped
478 THE ORIGINS OF PHOTOGRAPHY
9. A. shade B. shadow C. gloom D. glow
The worlds surviving photograph was taken in 1627 by a Frencheman called Niepce.
Up to that (1) , it had been impossible to capture permanently a living image, (2)
in a painting or drawing. Niepce pointed his early camera at the window of his country home
and produced an image. It wasnt very (3) and it took him eight hours in bright
sunlight, but the image still survives to this day.
Another Frenchman, Daguerre, heard about Niepces work and (4) him. They
became (5) and worked together to create a new photographic process. This process
was very complicated and (6) a great deal of skill. (7) the difficulties, it became
very popular and soon people around the world were taking daguerreotypes, as they were
known. In England, William Henry Fox Talbot (8) developed his own process at about
the same time that Daguerre and Niepce ware working on theirs. His method (9) more
than one copy to be made, (10) the daguerreotype could not be reproduced.
This new technology created all kinds of opportunities for (11) brave enough to
travel to remote locations and to go into dangerous situations. Photographers (12) as
 Roger Fenton of England and Matthew Brady of America took some of the first war
photographs.
By the 1880s, (13) American George Eastman produced the first Kodak
camera, the world was ready for mass photography. The Kodak camera had a roll of film
inside and was (14) _ easier to use than any previous camera. It was a instant success
and soon people were (15) their picture taken as if it were the most ordinary thing in
the world.
1.
5. A. companions
A. mark B. rivals
B. period C. partners
C. occasion D. opponents
D. point
2.
6. A. demanded
A. although B. claimed
B. except C. asked
C. despite D. mentioned
D. otherwise
3.
7. A. In
A. clean
spite B. Though
B. shiny C. However
C. smooth D. Despite
D. clear
4.
8. A. had
A. communicated B.
B. was
contacted C. did
C. informed D. got
D. greeted

9. A. made B. let C. allowed D. produced

10. A. whereas B. even C. yet D. otherwise
11. A. some B. those C. they D. ones
12. A. even B. so C. just D. such
13. A. when B. where C. which D. while
14. A. extremely B. considerably C. absolutely D. completely
15. A. being B. doing C. having D. making

479 TELEVISION
If you ask anyone who invented television, they will tell you that it was Jonh Logie
Baird. While Baird was, of course, extremely important in the history of television, it would
be more (1) _ to see his role as part of a (2) _ of event which finally led to
television as we (3) it today.
The history of television really begins in 1817 whit the (4) by Berzelius, a
Swedish chemist, of the chemical selenium. It was found that the amount of electric current
that selenium could carry (5) on how much light struck it.
This discovery directly led to G.R.Carey, an American inventor, (6) _ up with
the first real television system in 1875. His system used selenium to transmit a picture along
wires to a (7) of light bulbs. This picture was not very clear, however.
Over the next few year, a number of scientists and inventors simplified and (8)
on Careys system. It was not (9) 1923 that Baird made the first practical
transmission. Once again, the picture was (10) through wires, but it was such clearer
than Careys had been almost fifty years (11) .
The Second World War (12) the development of television. After the war, television
(13) began to flood the market, with the first mass TV (14) watching the
baseball World Series in the USA in 1947. Within a few years, television had captured the
(15) of the whole world.
1. A. particular B. accurate C. specific D. real
2. A. chain B. cycle C. link D. connection
3. A. comprehend B. realise C. know D. distinguish
4. A. finding B. discovery C. location D. sighting
5. A. resulted B. affected C. relied D. depended
6. A. going B. making C. coming D. doing
7. A. row B. list C. queue D. procession
8. A. bettered B. extended C. developed D. improved
9. A. up to B. after C. until D. then
10. A. sent B. pushed C. transferred D. transported
11. A. ago B. before C. after D. later
12. A. abandoned B. cancelled C. waited D. delayed
13. A. machines B. boxes C. sets D. models
14. A. assembly B. group C. gathering D. audience
15. A. attention B. awareness C. notice D. observation

480 CHEESE
Most of us take cheese for (0) . When we go to the supermarket, we expect to
see a (1) of different cheeses to choose from. But have you ever wondered how
these differences (2) about?
Cheese has been produced and eaten for many thousands of years. No one knows for
sure how we (3) how to make cheese, but some animals, like lambs, produce cheese
naturally in their stomachs. Its possible that our (4) found this cheese-like (5)
in the stomach of a dead lamb or calf and liked the taste. Certainly, cheese is very
practical. Milk (6) very quickly, but turning it into a (7) means that it can
be kept for much longer. Cheese is also healthy, being full of protein, calcium and (8)
acids.
Cheese can be made from the milk of animals such as goats, sheep, cows, and (9)
 horses and reindeer. By (10) the most popular cheese in the world is
Cheddar, an English cheese made from cows milk.
The amount of water and fat used in the production of cheese (11) whether it
is hard or soft. The flavor of cheese (12) on the kind of bacteria used in the ripening
process. All cheese has bacteria in it, but this is not (13) to humans.
 The holes in Swiss cheese are made by bacteria that (14) a certain gas.
Roquefort and other blue cheese are blue because they have a mould in them. Once (15)
, this is quite safe to eat.

1. A. range B. sort C. variation D. distribution

2. A. take B. are C. came D. go
3. A. discovered B. invented C. worked D. succeeded
4. A. elders B. descendants C. peers D. ancestors
5. A. sort B. substance C. material D. type
6. A. takes in B. takes out C. goes off D. ends up
7. A. solid B. form C. shape D. figure
8. A. famous B. noteworthy C. significant D. essential
9. A. still B. even C. yet D. too
10. A. far B. long C. high D. deep
11. A. decides B. means C. determines D. says
12. A. derives B. results C. relies D. depends
13. A. bad B. harmful C. destructive D. unhelpful
14. A. set in B. make up C. give off D. hand out
15. A. more B. again C. over D. up

481 CHESS
Chess, often referred to as the Royal Game, is the oldest of all (1) games
which do not contain an element of (2) .
The origins of chess are uncertain, (3) there are a number of legends
regarding its invention. One story (4) that it was King Solomon who invented chess,
another that it was the Greek god Hermes, and yet another that the Chinese mandarin Han-
Sing was (5) for its creation. In fact, chess almost certainly (6) in India in
the sixth or seventh century AD. The games (7) then spread quickly through Persia
(now (8) as Iran) and form there came to Europe. The first documented (9)
to chess in literature is in a Persian romance which was written about 600 AD.
It is (10) the word chess come from shah, the Persian world for king
and that checkmate, the games winning (11) , comes from the phrase shah mat,
(12) the king is dead.
 The rules and pieces used in the game have (13) _ changes over the centuries.
Modern chess (14) much to the Spaniard Ruy Lopez de Segura, who in 1561 wrote
the first book on how to play game. In it, he introduced the (15) of castling, which
had not been part of the game until then.
1. A. top B. table C. panel D. board
2. A. chance B. opportunity C. possibility D. probability
3. A. despite B. nevertheless C. however D. although
4. A. reads B. says C. tells D. writes
5. A. reliable B. trustworthy C. dependable D. responsible
6. A. created B. originated C. invented D. dicovered
7. A. celebrity B. knowledge C. popularity D. notoriety
8. A. known B. called C. referred D. stated
9. A. appeal B. mention C. reference D. indication
10. A. believed B. imagined C. held D. taken
11. A. place B. move C. go D. stand
12. A. meaning B. suggesting C. intending D. representing
13. A. underdone B. overseen C. undergone D. overtaken
14. A. borrows B. owes C. lends D. pays
15. A. belief B. view C. concept D. faith

482 SOCRATES
Born on the outskirts of Athens in about 470 BC, Socrates was the first of the great
philosophers of Ancient Greece.
As a young man he studied sculpture and served for a (1) as a soldier in the
Peloponnesian War, where he was (2) for his courage and bravery. He soon decided,
however, that his calling was to search for truth, and, uninterested (3) money,
fame and power, he (4) _ the streets of Athens barefoot, in a (5) woollen garment,
talking to whoever wanted to talk to him.
His (6) of conversation has been (7) the name Socratic Dialogue. It
involved asking questions, (8) other peoples answers and emphasizing logic.
 Socrates did not directly (9) in Athenian politics, but he (10) many
political enemies. In 399 BC, he was falsely (11) with several crimes by his enemies.
 He was (12) guilty and sentenced to death by drinking hemlock, a poison. This he
did, (13) by his friends and pupils, including Plato.
Socrates did not write any books or papers himself. (14) we know of his life,
teaching and philosophy has been passed (15) to us by the historian Xenophon, by
Plato and by Platos famous student, Aristotle.
1. A. moment B. phase C. time D. stage
2. A. considered B. judged C. believed D. respected
3. A. in B. for C. with D. at
4. A. staggered B. hiked C. wandered D. marched
5. A. straightforward B. simple C. clear D. precise
6. A. craze B. fashion C. trend D. style
7. A. called B. given C. presented D. awarded
8. A. attempting B. risking C. daring D. challenging
9. A. take part B. take place C. take over D. lake up
10. A. produced B. made C. invented D. developed
11. A. arrested B. blamed C. accused D. charged
12. A. found B. regarded C. discovered D. treated
13. A. covered B. sheltered C. surrounded D. hidden
14. A. That B. What C. which D. This
15. A. through B. off C. down D. over

483 TEXT MESSAGING

Every day more than a billion messages are zapped from one mobile phone to
another. However, although texting has become (1) in Europe and Asia, it has failed
to (2) off in America. Globally, the average number of messages sent or received
each month (3) a mobile subscriber is now around 30, or one message per day. In
some parts of Asia, such as Singapore and the Philippines, where large number of free
messages are thrown in with monthly (4) plans, the number of messages sent per
subscriber per month is as high as 200. But the (5) for America is just over seven,
according to the Cellular Telecommunications Internet Association. Why is such a high-tech
nation eschewing texting?
 The short answer is that in America talk is cheap. Because local calls on land lines are
usually free, wireless operators have to (6) big bundles of minutes to (7)
subscribers to use mobile phones instead.
American telecoms regulation, which encouraged different mobile operators to choose
different, (8) technologies, are also responsible for the dearth of texting. (9)
last year did the largest American operators agree to past text messages between their
networks, an agreements still only patently (10) . Moreover, texting is not (11)
as standard in most subscription packages in America, but us an extra for which
customers must pay a few dollars per month. you have to pay for it, most peoples
phones dont have it, and I dont know how many of my friend have it (12) , says Vince
Tobkin, an analyst at Bain & Company in San Francisco. In text-crazed Europe, in (13)
, all these conditions are (14) by default and you can be pretty sure that your
message will get (15) .
1. A. familiar B. prosaic C. commonplace D. basic
2. A. show B. get C. keep D. take
3. A. to B. by C. from D. off
4. A. invoicing B. cost C. billing D. pricing
5. A. numeral B. score C. figure D. rate
6. A. offer B. recommend C. propose D. suggest
7. A. affect B. persuade C. press D. make
8. A. incomptible B. unsuitable C. modern D. incompatible
9. A. Just B. Only C. Already D. About
10. A. imposed B. restricted C. implemented D. announced
11. A. rejected B. involved C. comprised D. included
12. A. anabled B. installed C. empowered D. purchased
13. A. particular B. contrast C. spite D. itself
14. A. overruled B. made C. followed D. met
15. A. through B. by C. into D. ahead

484 BLOODTHIRSTY BEARS

 Kenzo Kudo got in his car one day last May and drove out to a mountain near
Sapporo, on the Japanese island of Hokkaido, to look for wild vegetables. He never returned.
 Police found his body a few hundred meters away with (1) marks on his legs. What
happened, they surmised, is that Kudo had the misfortune to run (2) a brown bear.
The Japanese like their (3) animals as much as anybody, but theyre out for
blood following an increase in bear encounter, which often lead to maulings. Some farmers
have taken (4) shooting the bears, (5) on Hokkaido is perfectly legal.
The problem is that on Hokkaido, more people and bears now live together in tighter
quarters than anywhere else o earth. There are 5.6 million people and between 2000 and
3700 bears on an intensively farmed island about the size of Pennsylvania. In recent years
the bear and people on (7) course. Some of the recent maulings occurred within 30
kilometres of Sapporo, making (8) in the city of 2 million.
The spate of close encounters has (9) more than a century ago, when
fishermen began (10) Hokkaido rivers of salmon, then a (11) of the brown
bear diet. The bears became vegetarians, eating berries, wild mountain grapes, skunk cabbage
and hogweed. From the 1950s to the 1970s loggers began cutting down the old-growth
forests and (12) underbrush that once gave bears an unusually good (13) .
Logging cleared space in the forests that (14) blackberry and raspberry bushes to
thrive. In recent years forest regeneration and tree farms have replaced berry (15) ,
and the bears have been forced to look elsewhere for food, bringing them closer to towns and
cities.
1. A. bite B. injury C. wound D. cut
2. A. against B. up C. on D. into
3. A. furry B. hairy C. fluffy D. tousled
4. A. on B. to C. up D. a
5. A. that B. what C. which D. where
6. A. increase B. spread C. extension D. sprawl
7. A. dangerous B. fighting C. collision D. conflict
8. A. stories B. fuss C. disaster D. headlines
9. A. reasons B. causes C. roots D. results
10. A. decreasing B. depleting C. diminishing D. depriving
11. A. staple B. fundamental C. core D. foundation
12. A. lavish B. trimmed C. spare D. lush
13. A. home B. safety C. cover D. lodging
14. A. allowed B. let C. made D. prolonged
15. A. fields B. patches C. shreds D. areas

485 DYSLEXIC MINDS

Why some children (1) so much with reading used to be a mystery. Now
researchers know whats wrong and what to do about it. When some children look at a page
of text, they can see letters names. They can even tell you what sounds those letters make.
Nevertheless, even for (2) high school students, to tell what words those letters form
is baffling, to say the (3) . They see a wall, a hurdle to get over, and often (4)
that some letters are easier to (5) out than others.
The condition is called dyslexia, a reading (6) that persists (7) good
schooling and normal or even above-average intelligence. its a handicap that (8)
10% of the population, according to experts, though some put the figure higher up to 20%.
The exact (9) of the problem has eluded doctors, teachers, parents and dyslexics
themselves since it was first described more than a century ago. (10) _ it is so hard for
skilled readers to imagine what its like not to be able to effortlessly absorb the printed word
that they often (11) the real problem is laziness or obstinacy or a proud parents
inability to (12) that his or her child isnt that smart (13) all.
The mystery may finally be staring to lift. The more researchers learn about dyslexia,
the more they realize its a flaw not of character but biology, specifically, the biology of the
brain. A growing (14) of scientific evidence suggests difficult for glitch in the
neurological wiring of dyslexics that makes reading extremely difficult for them. Fortunately,
the science also (15) to new strategies for overcoming the glitch. The most successful
programs focus on strengthening the brains aptitude for linking letters to the sounds they
represent. Some studies suggest that the right kinds of instruction provided early enough may
rewire the brain so thoroughly that the neurological glitch disappears entirely.
1. A. fight
9. A. nature B. strive
B. characteristics C. quality
C. cope D. struggle
D. type
2.
10. A.
A. talkative
However B.
B. mindful
Indeed C. articulate
C. Really D.
D. well-educated
Nevertheless
3.
11. A.
A. least
doubt B.
B. most
reject C. truth
C. suspect D.
D. fact
wonder
4.
12. A.
A. assume
decipher B.
B. admit
decide C.
C. predict
disagree D.
D. accept
recognise
5.
13. A.
A. figure
in B.
B. points
for C.
C. find
after D.
D. make
to
6. A. malfunction
14. A. area B. disorder
B. spread C. aspect
C. disease D. faults
D. body
7.
15. A.
A. without
shows B.
B. although
points C. besides
C. aims D.
D. despite
hints
8. A. influences B. effects C. affects D. attacks

486 THE FUTURE IN BIOTECHNOLOGY

 Modern industry pollutes, and it also seems to cause significant changes to the
climate. What is needed is industry that (1) _ the benefits without the costs. And the (2)
of such an industry can now be (3) _.
That industry is based on biotechnology. At the moment, biotechs main uses are in
medicine and agriculture. However, its biggest long-term impact may be industrial.
Biotechnology will (4) _ demand for oil by taking the cheapest raw (5)
imaginable, carbon dioxide and water, and using them to make fuel and plastic.
It is now possible to create enzymes that work thousands of times faster than their
natural counterparts. These should turn the manufacture of ethanol as a petrol (6)
from a subsidized boondoggle into an industry that can pay its (7) . biotechnologists
are also working on enzymes that can (8) cellulose. Turning cellulose into
fermentable sugars really would give petrol a (9) _ for its money.
The plastics industry, too, may be (10) _ by biotechnology. There are now
lpastics made entirely by bacteria that have had their metabolic pathways redesigned. Soon,
plastics may be grown on farms, in genetically engineered plants, rather than being (11)
in huge, centralized industrial plants.
Plastics and fuels made in this way would have several advantages. They can be
called renewable, (12) nothing is depleted to make them. They would be part of
the natural carbon cycle, borrowing that element from the atmosphere for a few months, and
returning it when they were burned or (13) _. That means that they could not possibly
(14) to global warming. They would also be environmentally friendly in other ways.
Bioplastics are biodegradable, and biofuels are a lot cleaner than petrol and diesel, and
would be cleaner (15) even than the fuel-cell technology.
 All in all, the future could be green in ways that traditional environmentalists had not
expected.
1. A. delivers B. collects C. reaps D. produces
2. A. impact B. age C. glimmerings D. outgrowth
3. A. distinguished B. discerned C. considered D. viewed
4. A. satisfy B. preserve C. boost D. diminish
5. A. deposits B. resources C. materials D. stuff
6. A. ingredient B. additve C. addition D. particle
7. A. road B. route C. way D. course
8. A. digest B. absorb C. devour D. consume
9. A. path B. run C. race D. climb
10. A. converted B. subsitituted C. modulated D. transformed
11. A. manufactured B. assembled C. constructed D. mingled
12. A. although B. since C. otherwise D. therefore
13. A. garbaged B. wasted C. disposed D. dumped
14. A. contribute B. provide C. donate D. develop
15. A. almost B. wholly C. overall D. thoroughly

487 STOP THE ANTI-AGING PROCESS

In government laboratories and elsewhere, scientists are (1) _ a drug able to
prolong life and youthful vigor. Studies of caloric restriction are showing the way. As
researches on aging the build up of molecular and cellular damage that increases (2)
to infirmity as we grow older. But one intervention, consumption of a low-calorie (3)
nutritionally balanced diet, works incredibly well in a broad (4) of animals,
increasing longevity and prolonging good health. Those (5) suggest that caloric
restriction could (6) aging in humans, too.
(7) , for maximum benefit, people would probably have to reduce their caloric (8)
by roughly 30 percent, (9) to dropping from 2,500 calories a day to 1750.
Few mortals could (10) _ to that harsh a regimen, especially for years on end. But what
if someone actually forcing people to go hungry? Could such a caloric-restriction mimetic
enable people to stay healthy longer, (12) age-related disorders (such as diabetes,
atherosclerosis, heart disease and cancer) until very late in life?
 The question was first (13) in the mid-1990s, after a discovery of a chemical
(14) that, in rodents, seemed to reproduce many of caloric restrictions benefits. Since
then the search has been going on for a compound that would safely achieve the same feat in
people. There has been no success yet, but the (15) have been informative and have
fanned hope that caloric-restriction mimetic can indeed be developed eventually.
1. A. seeking B. pursuing C. questing D. searching
2. A. vulnerability B. inclination C. harmfulness D. defence
3. A. nevertheless B. Eventually C. still D. yet
4. A. range B. span C. number D. scope
5. A. deductions B. goals C. findings D. scores
6. A. delay B. suspend C. detain D. hold
7. A. Luckily B. Eventually C. Unfortunately D. Furthermore
8. A. digestion B. intake C. income D. processing
9. A. counterpart B. commensurate C. matching D. equivalent
10. A. obey B. follow C. stick D. comply
11. A. mocked B. mimed C. mimiced D. mimicked
12. A. triggering B. cancelling C. postponing D. rejecting
13. A. enquired B. roused C. evoked D. posed
14. A. factor B. agent C. composition D. ingredient
15. A. failures B. breakdowns C. faults D. flaws

488 JOURNEY TO THE LOST CITY

The four-hour rail journey to Machu Picchu is nothing short of spectacular. On either
(1) of the tracks you will see steep mountains towering above. As the outlines of the
(2) site loom out of the mist, you will (3) your first glimpse of the silent ruins
of the lost city, which stand on a high ridge with great (4) of the Andes Mountains.
(5) opposite sides of the ruins, you will be able to (6) straight down at
different river valleys. You can follow an ancient stone road, (7) leaves the site to
climb to a gap (8) _ as the Gate of the Sun. (9) the climb is exhausting, the
astonishing scenery (10) an unforgettable experience. Even though the Incas left (11)
 clues behind when they abandoned Machu Picchu some 500 years (12) , its
believed to have been one of the homes of the royal (13) . A walking (14) of
the site will take you about four and a half hours, but the experience will be (15)
worth the effort.
1. A. bank B. side C. edge D. part
2. A. ancient B. past C. previous D. old
3. A. grasp B. take C. catch D. hold
4. A. picture B. sight C. scene D. view
5. A. Over B. From C. On D. For
6. A. watch B. view C. see D. look
7. A. whose B. which C. where D. who
8. A. called B. understood C. known D. thought
9. A. Although B. When C. Even D. Despite
10. A. makes up B. makes of C. makes off D. makes for
11. A. few B. little C. many D. much
12. A. laster B. before C. ago D. after
13. A. team B. family C. people D. group
14. A. travel B. trip C. journey D. tour
15. A. well B. rather C. fairly D. quite

489 AN EARLLY BIRD OR A NIGHT OWL

Owls are nocturnal creatures. Theyre wide awake at night and they sleep during the
day. If this (1) like bliss to you, then, like about 20 percent of the population (2)
find themselves most active at around 9pm, you may fall into the same category (3)
our feathered friend. Night owls often have difficulty waking up in the morning, and
like to be up late at night. (4) of animal behaviour indicate that being a night owl may
actually be (5) into some peoples genes. This would explain (6) those late-to
bed, late to rise people find it so difficult to change their behaviour.
The trouble for night owls is that they just (7) to be at places such as work and
school far (8) early. This is when the alarm clock becomes the night owls most
important survival tool. Exerts (9) that one way for a night owl to beat their
dependence (10) their alarm clocks is to sleep with the curtains open. The theory is
that if they do so, the morning sunlight will awaken them gently and naturally.
 The (11) is that, unlike the feathered owl, human owls cant claim that a
nocturnal existence is their (12) lifestyle. They are programmed to be at their best
(13) the day. (14) if we try to change our schedules and work at night,
Mother Nature isnt flooded. Night is still the time when our body (15) down. Night
owls simply start and finish a little later than average.
1. A. looks B. hears C. listens D. sounds
2. A. when B. who C. which D. whose
3. A. as B. like C. with D. for
4. A. Research B. Studies C. Enquiries D. Examinations
5. A. built B. constructed C. erected D. made
6. A. when B. why C. how D. where
7. A. ought B. must C. have D. should
8. A. too B. enough C. from D. away
9. A. tell B. speak C. inform D. say
10. A. in B. to C. on D. for
11. A. truth B. honesty C. real D. reason
12. A. usual B. expected C. ordinary D. natural
13. A. while B. throughout C. during D. thruogh
14. A. Also B. Even C. Yet D. As
15. A. goes B. moves C. slows D. falls

490 PARALYMPICS

The Paralympics is the largest sporting event for disabled athletes in the world. Athletes
from six disability groups take (1) during eleven days of competition. However, both
the (2) and athletes stress that the sporting performance is whats important (3)
than the participants disabilities. The Paralympics have (4) a long way since
1948, when a sports competition was first (5) in England for World War II veterans
with spinal (6) . Competitors from Holland joined a few years (7) _ and in
Rome in 1960 the (8) official, Olympic style Paralympics was first organized. The
Paralympics include (9) Summer and Winter Games and now take place (10)
Olympics at the same venue in the same year. Events such as wheelchair rugby are very (11)
 with spectators ski on great skill. Another favourite is three-track skiing. He disabled
competitors ski on one leg while (12) themselves on two crutches which also have
small skis attached to them. In (13) years the Paralympics have grown dramatically,
both in popularity and in the (14) of athletes taking part. This growth will (15)
in the future as more and more countries send representatives to the Games.

1. A. part B. place C. action D. play

2. A. directors B. presenters C. orgainisers D. coordinators
3. A. more B. rather C. other D. instead
4. A. been B. gone C. done D. come
5. A. done B. fixed C. arranged D. agreed
6. A. injuries B. illnesses C. problems D. wounds
7. A. after B. later C. then D. previously
8. A. more B. many C. most D. much
9. A. either B. all C. both D. neither
10. A. nearby B. between C. together D. alongside
11. A. precious B. popular C. worth D. famuous
12. A. putting B. learning C. holding D. supporting
13. A. last B. late C. recent D. modern
14. A. addition B. group C. amount D. number
15. A. continue B. keep C. stay D. expand

491 THE STRANGE CASE OF DR JEKYLL AND MR HYDE

Robert Louis Stevenson is one of Britains most respected and enduring authors but
his wife was less than impressed with his literary talents.
After reading the first of his most famous book, The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr
Hyde, Fanny Stevenson (1) it was such utter nonsense that she (2) _ fire to it.
This shameful ending to the first draft of the novel had been (3) in a letter to
the poet WE Hanley. It lay (4) in the attic of Mr Hanleys (5) for 115 years.
Mr Stevenson, who was (6) of her sick husband but also his fiercest (7) \
, wrote in 1885: he wrote pages and pages of complete nonsense. (8) he has forgotten
all about it now, and I shall burn it after I show it to you. He said it was his greatest (9)
.
The letter is (10) t fetch up to 1500 when it is (11) at Phillips, in
London, on 17 November. La Merry, the head of the book (12) said : this should
end
(13) about what happened to first draft of Dr Jekyll it seems clear she burned it.
 But the discovery of the letter (14) another mystery. Was Stevensons first
attempt at his most successful novel (15) nonsense?
1. A. judged B. described C. examined D. decided
2. A. out B. lit C. set D. threw
3. A. informed B. revealed C. expressed D. shown
4. A. forgotten B. unaware C. ignorant D. absent
5. A. survivors B. descendants C. generations D. ancestors
6. A. sympathetic B. preserving C. defensive D. protective
7. A. critic B. judge C. observer D. referee
8. A. Favourably B. Properly C. Fortunately D. Occasionally
9. A. job B. work C. labour D. composition
10. A. intended B. guessed C. hoped D. expected
11. A. auctioned B. exchanged C. traded D. bid
12. A. class B. part C. department D. zone
13. A. speculation B. assumption C. imagination D. opinion
14. A. cuases B. makes C. produces D. creates
15. A. exactly B. indeed C. quite D. rightly

492 MOTOR RACING EXPERTS TO GIVE ADVICE ON

SPEEDY TRANSFERS OF SICK CHILDREN
Britains top childrens hospital has turned to the world of motor racing for help in
moving sick babies at maximum speed and with minimum risk.
Great Ormond Street Hospital in London has (1) in experts from the Maclaren
Formula One motor racing team to bring the (2) of the pit stop into the sphere of
medical care in an (3) to learn how children might be transferred more quickly and
safely out of the operating (4) during the critical minutes that follow complex heart (5)
.
David Ryan, the Maclaren team manager, has visited the hospital and (6)
doctors how to shave seconds off a tyre change. Doctors hope to (7) the method
functions as soon as possible after a baby who has had surgery arrives in the (10) care
unit.
 Specialists at the hospital, led by Martin Elliott, a cardiac surgeon, believed the speed
and efficiency (11) _ by motor racing teams at pit stops offered the (12) parallel
for the improvements they were seeking to (13) and so contacted Maclaren for advice.
(14) of the Maclaren team will return to the hospital later this month to examine a plan
(15) up by doctors t improve the transfers.
1. A. put B. sent C. set D. called
2. A. habit B. discipline C. arrangement D. order
3. A. operation B. aim C. action D. effort
4. A. clinic B. room C. theatre D. ward
5. A. disease B. surgery C. therapy D. remedy
6. A. instructed B. guided C. educated D. lectured
7. A. vary B. adjust C. turn D. adapt
8. A. insert B. introduce C. inject D. enter
9. A. watching B. guarding C. monitoring D. nursing
10. A. high B. intensive C. continuous D. additional
11. A. produced B. noted C. displayed D. mentioned
12. A. closest B. shortest C. briefest D. nearest
13. A. put B. make C. form D. do
14. A. holders B. owners C. tenants D. members
15. A. drawn B. taken C. done D. written

493 GRANDMOTHER HAS HER DAY IN COURT

When retired teacher Joan Meredith wanted to make a point about nuclear weapons
she sat down in the roadway outside the Trident submarine (1) on the River Clyde,
near Glasgow in Scotland.
Yesterday magistrates responded n kind, (2) _ her to find a comfortable spot in
their courtroom and to sit for the entire days (3) as punishment for non-payment of a
100 fine.
Mrs Meredith, 70, from Northumberland, in the north east of England, had been (4)
to spend a week in jail for refusing to pay the fine imposed after a peace (5) at
Faslane. She even packed a case for a (6) in Low Newton prison near Durham. But
magistrates in Alnwick cose to enact a little-used (7) of the Magistrates Court Act and
told her she must stay in the court precincts for the day.
Dressed in a purple T-shirt and (8) socks, Mrs Meredith sat at the back of the
court listening to (9) and pronounced herself satisfied with her (10) .

A grandmother of six, she was (11) fined after joining a blockade of Faslane
(12) by an anti nuclear group. A week long jail term imposed in June was (13)
to give her another chance to pay. Mrs Meredith refused to do so because she does not
believe her (14) were morally wrong.
She would do it again, she said yesterday. I cant see this (15) any difference.

1. A. site B. station C. place D. base

2. A. erdering B. forcing C. calling D. threatening
3. A. procedure B. procession C. process D. proceedings
4. A. waiting B. expecting C. allowing D. intending
5. A. crisis B. revolution C. objection D. protest
6. A. season B. spell C. turn D. cycle
7. A. group B. topie C. section D. detail
8. A. matching B. fitting C. suiting D. joining
9. A. episodes B. meetings C. events D. circumstances
10. A. sentence B. judgment C. result D. decision
11. A. primarily B. originally C. newly D. principally
12. A. organized B. forecast C. performed D. done
13. A. forgiven B. reserved C. suspended D. lost
14. A. measures B. actions C. operations D. performances
15. A. being B. doing C. making D. meaning

494 FAST LANE FOR PEDESTRIANS

Get ready for the next transport revolution. A group of London businesses are so
annoyed with the tortoise-like (1) of walkers down Britains busiest shopping street
that they have (2) the worlds first pedestrian last lane.
Under their plans, lodged (apparently) in all (3) with Westminster city council,
one way fast lanes would have a minimum speed limit of 5kph, and would be (4) by
speed cameras. Anyone caught dawdling in the fast lane, reading maps, using a mobile
 phone, or carrying bulky shopping bags would be (5) to a 10 on the spot fine. This,
(6) , is after they have been pulled over into the slow lane for a reprimand.
Andy Kourpas, spokesman for the West End business behind the (7) _, said :
overcrowding of the pavement on Oxford Street is (8) problems and delays for
shoppers and for people who work in the area. It can take ages to get anywhere and (9)
become frayed when people are (10) up by slow walkers or window shoppers.
A (11) of pedestrians in the two-kilometre-long street has found that nine out
of ten had (12) some form of pavement rage, with more than half (13) on a
daily (14) . Most say they are regularly bumped into, nudged or elbowed. A quarter
said tourists were the chief (15) , particularly when they stop to look at maps or street
signs.
1. A. travel B. increase C. progress D. passing
2. A. voted B. intended C. argued D. proposed
3. A. seriousness B. attention C. resolution D. gravity
4. A. guarded B. tended C. monitored D. served
5. A. guilty B. liable C. responsible D. risking
6. A. unfortunately B. hopefully C. sadly D. presumably
7. A. demonstration B. campaign C. manifestation D. deed
8. A. making B. doing C. starting D. causing
9. A. tempers B. characters C. personalities D. moods
10. A. taken B. held C. put D. done
11. A. research B. measure C. scan D. survey
12. A. experienced B. approached C. become D. occurred
13. A. bearing B. feeling C. suffering D. troubling
14. A. reason B. basis C. routine D. way
15. A. suspects B. criminals C. culprits D. defendants

495 THE HISTORY OF WRITING

The development of writing (1) a huge difference to the world and we might
see it as the beginning of the (2) . Pieces of pottery with marks on that are probably
numbers have been (3) in China that date from around 4000 BC. Hieroglyphics and
other forms of picture writing developed in the (4) around Mesopotamia, where the
(5) Sumerian civilization was based, from around 3300 BC onwards. However, the
 first (6) alphabet was used by the Phoenicians around 1050BC. Their alphabet had 22
letters and it is ( 7) _ that it lasted for 1000 years. The first two signs were called
aleph and beth, which in Greek became alpha beta , which gave us the (8)
word alphabet.
The modern European alphabet is based on the Greek and (9) to other
European countries under the Romans. A number of changes took (10) as time (11)
. The Romans added the letter G, and the letters J and V were (12) to people in
Shakespeares time. If we (13) the history of punctuation, we also find some
interesting facts. The Romans used to write quaesto at the end of a sentence in (14) to
show that it was a question. They started to write Qo in (15) of the whole word, and
then put the Q above the o. In the end. That became the question mark ?.
1. A. did B. had C. made D. took
2. A. journalism B. bulletin C. programme D. media
3. A. invented B. discovered C. displayed D. appeared
4. A. distance B. earth C. length D. area
5. A. antique B. old-fashioned C. ancient D. dated
6. A. true B. accurate C. exact D. precise
7. A. observed B. estimated C. counted D. measured
8. A. modern B. trendy C. new D. fashionable
9. A. appeared B. spread C. was D. occurred
10. A. control B. part C. place D. account
11. A. spent B. developed C. went D. passed
12. A. unknown B. unpopular C. infamus D. hidden
13. A. bring on B. look into C. make off D. holdup
14. A. turn B. fact C. intention D. order
15. A. place B. space C. spot D. positece

496 CRITICISM
It can (1) a long time to become successful in your chosen field, however (2)
you are. One thing you have to be (3) _ of is that you will face criticism along
way. The world is (4) of people who would rather say something negative than
positive. If youre made up your (5) to achieve a certain goal, such as writing a novel,
dont let the negative criticism of others (6) you from reaching your target, and let
constructive criticism have a positive (7) on your work. If someone say youre totally
(8) in talent, ignore them. Thats negative criticism. If, however, someone (9)
you to revise your work and gives you good reasons for doing so, you should (10) their
suggestions carefully. There are many film stars who were once out of (11) . There are
many famous novelists who made a complete (12) of their first novel-or who didnt,
but had to (13) approaching hundreds of publishers before they could get it published.
Being successful does (14) on luck, to a certain extent. But things are more likely to
(15) well if you persevere and stay positive.

1. A. take B. have C. be D. do
2. A. workable B. invested C. mixed D. talented
3. A. aware B. clever C. intelligent D. alert
4. A. overflowing B. full C. filled D. packed
5. A. thought B. brain C. mind D. idea
6. A. cease B. remove C. avoid D. prevent
7. A. outcome B. effect C. result D. consequence
8. A. absent B. short C. missing D. lacking
9. A. suggests B. proposes C. advises D. explain
10. A. think B. consider C. look around D. take
11. A. work B. business C. job D. career
12. A. garbage B. rubbish C. trash D. mess
13. A. put off B. bank on C. keep on D. drop in on
14. A. depend B. need C. require D. trust
15. A. come into B. turn out C. deal with D. sail through

497
The Italian city of Venice is unique in its position as an island city. The 118 separate
islands on which they city stands lie in a huge lagoon, the waters of which are protected (1)
the seaward side by a line of sandbanks with three gaps in them. These gaps (2)
the tides to come in and out, along with the citys maritime traffic. The lagoon, which was (3)
created by the interaction of Adriatic tidal (4) and the waters of several Alpine
rivers, (5) careful protection and maintenance to prevent flooding of the very city it (6)
th
. The present urban structure of the city dates (7) to the 7 century, when a
system of canals and bridges was built to links all the islands together. The Grand Canal, the
main waterway of Venice, divides the city (8) two parts. It is (9) with palaces,
 churches, hotels and other fine, historic buildings and is the center of a network of more than
200 canals which branch off it on (10) side.
The gondola (11) one of the symbols of Venice; however, there are (12) than
400 of these boats left today and the cost of maintenance is impossibly (13) .
There is also a variety of motor-powered boats on the canals, ranging from public water buses
to private motor-launch taxis. Automobiles are (14) from the city but you can get
everywhere you need to go (15) foot, making use of the 400 or so canal bridges.
1. A. for B. on C. in D. with
2. A. pull B. let C. allow D. leave
3. A. firstly B. originally C. formerly D. surely
4. A. cliffs B. ponds C. shores D. currents
5. A. needs B. asks C. wants D. brings
6. A. covers B. surrounds C. floats D. surfaces
7. A. back B. long C. before D. years
8. A. at B. by C. into D. to
9. A. lining B. joined C. full D. lined
10. A. both B. every C. either D. two
11. A. stays B. remains C. has D. consists
12. A. hardly B. few C. least D. fewer
13. A. large B. increased C. high D. big
14. A. banned B. cut off C. refused D. allowed
15. A. using B. of C. with D. on

498 WRITE THE PERFECT CRIME NOVEL

Most people are born with the natural ability to (1) stories, but only a rare few have the
determination to become (2) authors, and even fewer have the joy of seeing their novels
top the (3) of bestselling books. Some of the worlds famous crime writers have
achieved the (4) success of all. Who can (5) the appeal of famous detectives like
Sherlock Holmes, Miss Marple or Hercule Poirot? Even if you havent read the (6)
books you will have seen them in films or on the TV. If you have an ambition to become the
(7) Agatha Christie what should you do? The best starting (8) is to read lots of
examples of crime fiction written by good authors. You will need a notebook to carry around
with you or, (9) better, some loose (10) _ of paper that you can (11) notes on
and then file into a folder. After all, the most (12) situation for example, watching a
woman get (13) a train may be the (14) for your first bestseller. Like any good
recipe you have to know the main (15) of a successful novel. There are: an original
story, strong characters and a memorable setting.

1 A. say B. tell C. speak D. announce

2 A. occupied B. employed C. professional D. working
3 A. queue B. list C. row D. line
4 A. largest B. highest C. greatest D. prime
5 A. deny B. refuse C. insist D. hide
6 A. first B. initial C. early D. original
7 A. following B. next C. subsequent D. later
8 A. point B. tip C. spot D. mark
9 A. very B. still C. even D. so
10 A. strips B. pieces C. layers D. sheets
11 A. make B. down C. fill D. complete
12 A. standard B. regular C. average D. everyday
13 A. off B. down C. out D. from
14 A. notion B. inspiration C. invention D. idea
15 A. parts B. pieces C. ingredients D. sections
 499 SELF DESCRIPTION
So the time has come for you to fill in your college application form. The best advice is to
(1) that youre the person whos choosing the applicants and to ask yourself what
valuable (2) you and you alone can bring to the college in questions. (3) every
justified opportunity to (4) _ yourself in a positive light. You must (5) that you are
clear headed, keen to study your chosen subject and that you can (6) your
personality. Make the most of your interests but bear in mind that any you (7) may be
probed in depth at interview.
Hopefully, you can (8) a deep, thorough interrest in one or two fields. Saying youve
(9) a polar expedition is much more (10) than saying you like to go for long
walks. If its true put it down!
Remember to say what your hobbies have taught you. If you (11) as a gardener
you will surely have (12) ideas about the environment. In a similar way, if youre a
volunteer hospital porter youll have gained some significant (13) into the needs of the
sick and their anxious relatives. Any job may (14) deep seated benefits, even if you
undertook it just to earn money.
Getting two or three people to (15) your application can be very useful. And make
sure your writing is easy for a poor old professor to read. After all, he may have tired eyes and
a hundred forms to go through.
1 A. imagine B. presume C. deduce D. intend
2 A. elements B. factors C. qualities D. recourses
3 A. catch B. apprehend C. have D. seize
4 A. advance B. present C. command D. proffer
5 A. display B. manifest C. declare D. show
6 A. deliver B. practice C. project D. identify
7 A. mention B. boast C. denote D. enumerate
8 A. take B. demonstrate C. prove D. reveal
9 A. captained B. taken C. led D. undergone
10 A. successful B. impressive C. worthy D. illustrious
11 A. serve B. employ C. labour D. work
12 A. informed B. had C. educated D. thoughtful
13 A. awareness B. insight C. understanding D. vision
14 A. confer B. convey C. enjoy D. attract
15 A. consider B. veto C. test D. check

500 DOLPHIN TO THE RESCUE

People often claim that humans and animals are not as different as they appear. For
example, dolphins are (1) with human or even super human intelligence and also a
sort of (2) with human beings. This (3) _ to dolphins is not surprising in view of (4)
like the (5) one, which happened in 1983. A lawyers wife was bathing alone from
a private beach in Florida. She had only just gone into the water when she was (6) off by
a strong current. She swallowed water and beginning to lose (7) , wishing desperately that
someone would come and rescue her. And she tells how at this (8) she was given a
tremendous shove and found herself (9) out of the water. She slowly recovered and
turned to thank her (10) . But there was no one about, only a pair of dolphins playing
and leaping up to (11) _ that he had (12) for a dead body being pushed ashore by
one of the dolphins. Now this is not an obscure (13) of an incident which happened in
the him and (14) past. It happened in our own times and was witnessed by a number of
(15) .

1 A. credited B. awarded C. attributed D. reckoned

2 A. likeness B. attraction C. sympathy D. fellowship
3 A. regard B. attitude C. viewpoint D. aspect
4 A. occasions B. scenes C. incidents D. circumstances
5 A. following B. next C. subsequent D. below
6 A. taken B. transported C. fetched D. carried
7 A. sight B. consciousness C. awareness D. life
8 A. moment B. time C. instance D. occasion
9 A. Appearing B. hauling C. rescuing D. staggering
10 A. saver B. companion C. rescuer D. assistant
11 A. speak B. say C. tell D. shout
12 A. recognised B. supposed C. taken D. supposed
13 A. narrative B. version C. tale D. account
14 A. unreliable B. distant C. ancient D. historical
15 A. onlookers B. watchers C. viewers D. spectators

501 A LONG WAY ROUND

 I knew the town quite well but I had to ask for instructions as to how to get to a particular
restaurant. The instructions were easy to (1) as the route was made up of three segments
with each of wich I was (2) , for each of them (3) some obvious landmark.
One day some friends set out for the restaurant from the same place as myself and at the (4)
time. But they got there (5) before I did. I asked them if they had driven quickly
but they (6) this. Then I asked them what (7) they had taken. They explained, and
it was (8) that they had taken a short cut. A small side turning had led them (9) to
the restaurant while I was making an unnecessary (10) through the centre of the town.
Way own route had always seemed satisfactory so I had never (11) for a shorter one. In fact
I was (12) that a shorter one existed. I had driven past the small side turning each time, but
had never (13) it because there had never been any reason to do , and I had never (14) out
how useful it was. My (15) _ instructions had been in term of large, well-known segments of
route, because that it the easiest way to give instructions. There had never been any reason to
find a better alternative.
1 A. follow B. pursue C. comply D. take
2 A. aware B. known C. familiar D. amazed
3 A. showed B. involved C. passed D. displayed
4 A. similar B. exact C. very D. same
5 A. long B. much C. rather D. soon
6 A. disbelieved B. refused C. rejected D. denied
7 A. way B. route C. journey D. map
8 A. seen B. evidence C. obvious D. unmistakable
9 A. punctually B. directly C. shortly D. fast
10 A. tour B. route C. way D. detour
11 A. tried B. sought C. looked D. wanted
12 A. unaware B. uninformed C. unconcerned D. unknown
13 A. sighted B. found C. explored D. viewed
14 A. made B. found C. tried D. turned
15 A. friend's B. starting C. first D. original

502 FREE INSPIRATION

 Anybody with a real desire to write, plus an average vocabulary an enthusiasm, can be taught
to write saleable short stories. Short story writing is not (1) money, but it can be
delightful and remunerative hobby. And the beauty of it is that (2) is all around us.
I known several writers who make notes not only of scenes and surroundings, but of (3)
. That does not mean that when they dine with the doctor they lift his (4) work for
the next story in which a (5) character appears. Is does not mean that they (6) a
notebook furtively under they soup plate or scribble frantically behind their newspaper in a
train. What it does mean is that their ears are open and their eyes (7) for the apt phrase
and the perfect setting, for the brilliant repartee and the characteristic (8) .
You can sometimes be with a person for hours of uneventful conversation, and then suddenly
he will say something or (9) a gesture which will immediately (10) _ in your mind a mental
comment such as Nobody else would do that, or Funny, that habit of his!
It is those individual phrase, those (11) gestures, those quaint bursts of speech or actionn,
that make character. Thus it is that there are (12) occasions when you can observe, and (if
wise) late make a (13) of, valuable material. Perhaps a hostess handles a tactless guest
admirably: you hear a telling phrase in a sermon, (14) a motor accident and see for yourself
the (15) of the shaken drivers, hear a business argument in the train. Jot the points down!

1 A. ready B. easy C. simple D. vast

2 A. inspiration B. aspiration C. satisfaction D. story-line
3 A. exchanges B. talks C. dialogues D. conversations
4 A. each B. very C. every D. final
5 A. clerical B. healing C. medical D. medical
6 A. cram B. jam C. slip D. stuff
7 A. bright B. alert C. active D. peering
8 A. activity B. sign C. gesture D. scenario
9 A. make B. give C. produce D. raise
10 A. illicit B. spring C. rouse D. produce
11 A. distinctive B. partial C. observant D. distinguished
12 A. uncounted B. countless C. unknown D. unrestricted
13 A. recording B. list C. note D. memorandum
14 A. scrutinise B. witness C. sight D. attend
15 A. reactions B. saying C. feelings D. activities
 503
The thought of taking a year out from studying is enticing. Fun, freedom, adventure, perhaps
even money, seem to be on offer for a year. So why not go (1) it? A year outcan provide
all of there things. But before you make a (2) decision, take some time to thing about
whether a year out is really what you want. If it is, then do make sure you known what you
want to do with it. A year with nothing planned can be depressing and a (3) waste of
time.
You need to take a positive (4) if you are benefit. You need to start preparing for
it well before the time comes to take the (5) . Most universiities and employers look
favorably on such (6) if they have shown good reasons for taking a year out and have
not just (7) into it. They value the maturity, confidence, social and other (8) a gap
year can bring. Colleges find that gap year students tend to be more mature and motivated.
They mix better with their (9) students and work harder because they have a better idea
of where they want to go. They also (10) more to college life in general, because they
are used to being a part of a team; either at work of study.
Employers also look kindly on (11) gap year students. They want employees who are
experienced and mature and can (12) better with the unexpected. If their year out has
also equipped them with skills which other applicants may not have, such as a better (13)
of a foreign langue, then that too it a plus.
Your familly may well have (14) feelings. On the one hand, they will be (15) of your
independence; on the other hand, there will be worries about your safety.
112 A.
A. at
lead B.
B. in
manage C. interact
C. for D.
D. off
deal
213 A.
A. sharp
grasp B.
B. firm
grab C. grapple
C. deep D.
D. solid
hold
314 A.
A. sheer
different B.
B. large
mixed C. muddled
C. deep D.
D. full
crossed
415 A.
A. meaning
admiring B.
B. attitude
impressed C. struck
C. learning D.
D. position
proud
5 A. jump B. dive C. plunge D. spin
6 A. applicants B. employees C. internees D. aspirants
504 MALL PSYCHOLOGY
7 A. flown B. floated C. flopped D. drifted
Have you ever wondered why there are so any mirrors in shopping malls? Apart from
8 A. knacks B. skills C. talents D. gifts
the fact it makes them glitzy and glamorous theyre also there to slow us down, so when we
9 A. common B. mate C. colleague D. fellow
take (1) our image, we notice the closest shop (2) as well. Most malls (3)
10 A. present B. participate C. contribute D. involve
around anchor tenants, such as supermarkets that (4) people to the mall out of necessity.
11 A. former B. old C. latter D. present
By locating them at the back of the mall, we have to walk past other shops to get there and
the chances are something will (5) our eye. And once inside, the (6) like milk and
 butter, will be at the back, so that you have to (7) the gauntlet of the sweets and
chocolates to get there. The pure white (8) of a halogen spotlight in shop windows will
artfully (9) a must-buy item. Walkways are also very bright, so you can check (10)
all the other shoppers and be seen yourself. And then theres (11) noise-a constant hiss
broadcast over the public address system so that people feel there is something going on,
somewhere. The constant (12) of Vivaldis Four Seasons into bookstores is supposed to
make you feel (13) while the pop music (14) out in a young persons clothing
store makes you feel hip and trendy. Clever or manipulative? It all depends on your point of
(15) .

1 A. back B. up C. in D. out
2 A. front B. frontier C. frontispiece D. frontal
3 A. dissolve B. evolve C. devolve D. revolve
4 A. pull B. draw C. tug D. haul
5 A. capture B. arrest C. seize D. catch
6 A. fundamentals B. rudiments C. essentials D. necessities
7 A. run B. race C. ride D. rush
8 A. gleam B. stream C. ray D. beam
9 A. accentuate B. highlight C. emphasise D. stress
10 A. over B. in C. out D. through
11 A. white B. red C. black D. grey
12 A. peeping B. purring C. paging D. piling
13 A. educated B. cultured C. learned D. sophisticated
14 A. blaring B. banging C. booming D. blazing
15 A. opinion B. sight C. view D. outlook

505 COLIN McRae

Despite being paid over L3m a year by Ford, enough to live wherever he fancies,
Colin McRae is (1) in the unpretentious Scottish town where he was born. True, he has
a(n) (2) in Monaco and a yacht in Majorca (3) give him a second glance, which is
one of the real (4) of his job: since he spends his (5) professional life with his (6)
concealed behind a helmet, he can enjoy his wealth without the associated
inconveniences of fame.
Next month, McRae (7) in the RAC Rally of Great Britain at the end of which he hopes
to be (8) world champion once again. When he fist did it, he was 27. Rallying, he say, (9)
a vast accumulation of knowledge and experience to (10) to the top. At 33, he feels he
still has manor more year left in him and many more things he would like to achieve. For a
(11) _ , hed like to see his sport (12) more popularity. This, he hopes, will come
from a new television (13) that begins next (14) - a contract with Channel 4. The channel
will be showing regular (15) from every rallying event around the globe.

1 A. based B. established C. founded D. centred

2 A. location B. area C. place D. land
3 A. hardly B. roughly C. slightly D. narrowly
4 A. awards B. honours C. prizes D. rewards
5 A. complete B. entire C. total D. full
6 A. characters B. elements C. features D. aspects
7 A. attempts B. challenges C. contests D. competes
8 A. awarded B. topped C. crowned D. peaked
9 A. requires B. requests C. asks D. appeals
10 A. reach B. get C. succeed D. arrive
11 A. beginning B. first C. lead D. start
12 A. take B. gain C. add D. collect
13 A. arrangement B. pact C. business D. deal
14 A. season B. time C. period D. term
 15 A. moments B. highlights C. sights D. flashes

506 HISTORY SET IN STONE

Many species of animals and plants have disappeared from the earth. They have died out, or
become extinct, but sometimes animals or plant (1) can be found buried in rocks. There
are called fossils. Imprints in rocks (2) ( prints, for example) are also called fossils.
Not every creature (3) _ as a fossil. Many simply not away completely and leave no (4)
of their existence. Because many creatures and plants have disappeared without leaving
any fossils, we will never know anything about them.
The story of fossils, or paleontology, to give it its scientific (5) , became
established at the beginning of the nineteenth century. Before this research began, people did
not believe that fossil once been (6) . Large fossil teeth were seen as evidence of a race
of giants in the past, while ammonites, a very (7) type of fossil which you might easily
find yourself on a beach or among rocks, were called snakestones because of their snake-like
(8) . People believed that snakes had been (9) to stone by a miracle.
The most famous fossils of all are the dinosaurs. There are, of course, no dinosaurs on (10)
in zoos. They were not (11) to extinction by humans as some animals have been,
but become extinct millions of years before our own species developed. The reason why the
dinosaurs become extinct is still a myself. Many theories have (12) the disappearance of
dinosaurs with major (13) change.
One possibility is that s gigantic meteorite crashed into the earth (14) _ so much dust into the
atmosphere that the (15) of sunlight was reduced. The temperature would have fallen
and, as a consequence, many types of plants and animals would have become extinct.
111 A.
A. bones
hunted B.
B. evidence
brought C. chased
C. parts D.
D. remains
driven
212 A. explained
A. toe B. joined
B. palm C. connected
C. paw D.
D. hand
initiated
313 A.
A. lasts
temporal B.
B. develops
climatic C. weather
C. continues D.
D. survives
seasonal
414 A.
A. trace
disturbing B.
B. proof
putting C. displacing
C. remnants D.
D. marks
pushing
515 A.
A. term
heat B.
B. name
period C. degree
C. description D.
D. status
amount
6 A. living B. physical C. alive D. flesh
7 A. usual B. common C. normal D. frequent
507 FOOD FOR ASTRONAUTS
8 A. shape B. manner C. type D. figure
It used to be thought that people could not swallow well in space, so the food (1)
9 A. petrified B. turned C. ossified D. made
for astronauts consisted of bite-sized pieces of food pushed out of tubes. But now it is (2)
10 A. exhitibion B. appearance C. sight D. display
that you can eat space in the same way as on Earth.
 The physical constraints lie in the body of the spaceship rather than the body of the
astronaut. Limited storage and cooking facilities, with no space or power to (3) for
complex food preparation, mean that the (4) for space nutritionists has gone beyond
providing astronauts with food that is palatable and good for them. The solution has emerged
in the (5) of dehydrated foods. Simply add water to the freeze-dried granules and
bon apptit!
With space flights often (6) more than a week, astronauts cannot live on granules alone.
They also taken pre-cooked meals (7) in bags, which they (8) up in a small oven.
There are tastier than granules but, according to Dr Helen Lane, a research nutritionist, it is
difficult to get astronauts to eat as much as they need. Its partly that they are so busy but
also because there is no (9) to eat. So tickling their taste buds is an (10) struggle,
especially since one of the effects of zero gravity is to (11) the since of smell.
Weightlessness is an important (12) in space food because of the danger that the food
might (13) and float off in different (14) . We need foods that coalesce,
says Dr Lance. Yoghurts, puddings, sauces all (15) together in large droplets.
Your spoon may float away, but the food will stay on it.
18 A.
A. dites
cook B.
B. routines
make C.
C. programmes
serve D. agendas
D. warm
29 A.
A. known
hunger B.
B. thought
stimulation C.
C. revealed
provocation D. expected
D. longing
310 A.
A. provide
anxious B.
B. give
intense C.
C. make
impossible D. spare
D. uphill
411 A.
A. opportunity
control B.
B. challenge
reduce C.
C. achievement
cut D. ambition
D. slop
512 A.
A. type
consideration B.
B. way
thing C.
C. order
business D. form
D. principle
613 A.
A. lasting
break B.
B. going
fragment C.
C. flying
slip D. enduring
D. drop
714 A.
A. locked
pieces B.
B. tied
ways C.
C. sealed
directions D. fixed
D. places
15 A. hold B. link C. keep D. maintain

508 A BALLOONING CHALLENGE

For those people who go out in search of adventure, a long-distance flight in a hot-air
balloon is a particularly exciting (1) . Indeed, a round-the-world balloon trip is widely
regarded as the (2) challenge. One well-known adventurer, David Hemplemann-Adams
would not agree, however. Recently, he became the first man to (3) the North Pole in a hot-
air balloon, a more significant (4) in his eyed. Ggiven that the distance an altitudes
(5) are comparatively modest, you might wonder why the trip from Canada to the Pole,
should present such a challenge.
 Part of the (6) was that such a flight had not even been attempted for over a
century. In those days, such expeditions were huger events, with a nations pride (7) on
their success, and so resources were (8) to them. Although he eventually managed to
secure a substantial sponsorship (9) from an insurance company, Hemplemann-Adams
had the added challenge of having to (10) sufficient funds for his trip.
Then, of course, he has to face major survival concerns, such as predicting the
weather (11) and coping with the dangerously low temperatures. But most challenging
of all was the incredibly complex problem of navigation. As the earths magnetic field gets
stronger, only the most (12) of satellite-linked navigation systems can (13) that
one has got to the Pole. Without them, the chances of getting anywhere hear it are extremely
(14) . Not to mention an even greater problem that (15) on Hemplemann-Adamss mind:
getting back!
15 A.
A. campaign
engaged B. regarded
B. engagement C.
C. motion
involved D.
D. prospect
connected
26 A.
A. extreme
allure B. beauty
B. ultimate C.
C. utmost
charm D.
D. eventual
appeal
37 A.
A. reach
leaning B. resting
B. meet C.
C. attain
waiting D.
D. fulfil
standing
48 A.
A. recognition
committed B. confided
B. acquisition C.
C. realisation
confirmed D.
D. achievement
commended
9 A. bargain B. purchase C. deal D. transaction
10 A. elevate B. raise C. lift D. build
11 A. conditions B. tendencies C. circumstances D. elements
12 A. cultured B. refined C. sophisticated D. educated
13 A. confirm B. approve C. reinforce D. support
14 A. thin B. slight C. tight D. slim
15 A. pushed B. stressed C. weighed D. pressed

509 SMILE. YOURE ON TRAFFIC CAMERA

If you drive in Los Angeles, be ready to have your picture (1) . At about 175
intersections in the Los Angeles area, you will find cameras ready to take your picture if
you
(2) the law. The idea behind the traffic cameras, the government says, is to (3) the
number of collisions when people run a red light, which is when drivers continue driving
after the traffic light has already (4) red. When drivers run red lights, they can (5) head-
on collisions where the two cars front ends (6) each other, or one car can side- swipe (7)
, which is when one car hits the side of another car. The (8) for using there cameras is
that they will make driving safer. However, many unhappy drivers say that the real reason for
the cameras is to (9) revenue for the city. A ticket costs (10)
$175 for illegal right turns and about $400 for running a red light. About 80% of the tickets
are for illegal right turns. In the US, driver can make (11) right turns event when the
light is red if no car are coming IF they first make a full and complete stop. Those who dont
make a complete stop can get a $175 ticket. Some people say that not making a full stop is
not really unsafe and allowing tickets for this (12) _ offense is just the citys way of
making more money. I have been very lucky. I havent received (13) of there
tickets(yet), but I know someone who did. The cameras takes a picture of the car showing the
license plate and perhaps of the driver, and a copy of that picture is (14) to the driver
with the ticket. Its a bad day when you get a letter from the citys traffic division.
Does your city have special ways to (15) traffic laws?
1 A. given B. done C. taken D. got
2 A. break B. trouble C. disturb D. pass
3 A. exclude B. shorten C. treat D. reduce
4 A. become B. turned C. changed D. grew
5 A. produce B. begin C. cause D. start
6 A. struck B. hit C. beat D. crashed
7 A. new B. different C. other D. another
8 A. goal B. origin C. rationale D. source
9 A. add B. enrich C. increase D. join
10 A. about B. near C. at D. close
11 A. direct B. true C. acceptable D. legal
12 A. little B. minor C. small D. minimal
13 A. one B. some C. other D. much
14 A. granted B. presented C. delivered D. mailed
15 A. carry out B. implement C. effect D. enforce

510 THE LEFT-HANDED BURGER

A well-known fast food chain recently published a full-page advertisement announcing that
they were (1) a new item to their menu Left-Handed Burger , (2) specifically
for their left-handed customers. (3) to the advertisement, the (4) of the new burger
were identical to those of the original burger, (5) were the ingredient. The difference
 was that the ingredients had been (6) vy 180 degrees to (7) left-handed people to
handle the burger without (8) .
nd
The following day, April 2 , the fast food store (9) that the story had been (10)
as an April Fools trick and the left-handed burger didnt exist. Neverthelees, restaunats
reported that they had been visited by several thousand customers (11) the new burger.
Simultaneously, there were many other (12) _ customers who insisted that staff severd them
with their own right-handed (13) . It just goes to (14) how readily people can be (15)
, even on April Fools Day .
16 A.
A. introducing
circled B.
B. establishing
reversed C.
C. initiating
turned over D.
D. organizing
rotated
27 A.
A. projected
enlist B.
B. imagined
enable C.
C. created
entitle D.
D. generated
endure
38 A.
A. relative
difficulty B.
B. appropriate
issues C.
C. corresponding
problem D.
D. according
damages
49 A.
A. quantities
conflicted B.
B. measures
confided C.
C. dimensions
confessed D.
D. portions
conformed
510 A.
A. while
falsified B.
B. as
made out C.
C. since
worked out D.
D. because
invented
11 A. attracting B. calling C. requesting D. appealing
12 A. involved B. concerned C. attentive D. disturbed
13 A. version B. form C. figure D. adaptation
14 A. indicate B. show C. point D. express
15 A. trapped B. disappointed C. betrayed D. deceived

511 JUST A LITTLE RESPECT

A few years ago, it looked as through Rich DeVos would not like to see another year. The
(1) were stacked heavily against the 70-year-old businessman and entrepreneur. With a
(2) heart following a stroke, his only hope was to have a heart (3) __.
DeVoss life story is (4) in his new book, Hope From My Heart: Ten Lessons for Life.
Really, it is a primer of practical (5) DeVos acquired during his rise to fame and (6)
as co-founder of the very prosperous, Amway Corporation. The ten lessons in the book
are (7) , among other things, hope, persistence, and respect - each (8) (sometimes
humorously) by incidents from his own experience.
Some of DeVoss most profound (9) agree found in the lesson on respect. The hero
in this (10) is a rubbish collector whom the business met one summer. He was fantastic
at his (11) , DeVos writes. You could set your (12) by him. He worked quietly
and discreetly, a meticulous man who made a physically (13) job look easy.
When DeVos meant out one morning to tell him he (14) the job he was doing, the man told
him that in 12 years of hauling garbage, no acne had ever said a (15) _ word to him, including
his boss.

7 A. named B. dubbed C. entitled D. labeled

8 A. drawn B. demonstrated C. sketched D. illustrated
9 A. insights B. visions C. views D. notions
10 A. chapter B. topic C. unit D. episode
11 A. task B. chore C. duty D. job
112 A. chances
A. meter B.
B. odds
watch C.
C. risks
gauge D.
D. stakes
clock
213 A.
A. failing
difficult B.
B. faulty
tough C.
C. flawed
demanding D.
D. imperfect
trying
314 A.
A. change
respected B.
B. shift
valued C.
C. transplant
admired D.
D. transfer
appreciated
415 A.
A. recited
kind B.
B. recounted
generous C.
C. repeated
pleasant D.
D. related
sweet
5 A. wisdom B. sense C. logic D. advice
6 A. fortune B. riches C. wealth D. power
512 THE OLDEST BUILDING
On a hillside at Chichibu, north of Tokyo, Japanese archaeologists have uncovered
the remains of what is believed to be the worlds oldest (1) structure. The structure was
discovered during the construction of a park. The site has been (2) to half million years
ago, (3) to a report in a scientific magazine. The structure consists of what appear to be
10 post holes, which from two (4) pentagons. These could be the remain of two huts.
A
(5) of stone tools were also found (6) around the site. It is believed that the shelter was
built by an (7) ancestor of humans, Homo erectus, who is known to have (8) stone
tools. The remains of these huts could help to (9) how Homo erectus lived and hunted.
What is not known is whether these structures were temporary, or more permanent shelters.
But they do (10) us that hominids could (11) of using technology to organise
things. They had the idea of actually making a structure a (12) where they could
sleep. It (13) _ the mental capacity to distinguish (14) inside and outside. Before
this new (15) , the oldest remains of a structure were those at Terra Amata in France,
from around 200,000 to 400,000 years ago.
19 A.
A. unnatural
explain B.
B. fake
inform C.
C. synthetic
argue D.
D. artificial
answer
210 A. illustrate
A. aged B.
B. dated
show C. demonstrate
C. calculated D.
D. estimated
display
311 A.
A. according
imagine B.
B. following
think C.
C. saying
conceive D.
D. mentioning
plan
412 A.
A. odd
place B.
B. shapeless
site C.
C. irregular
situation D.
D. uneven
resort
513 A.
A. some
symbolises B.
B. few
stands for C.
C. figure
means D.
D. number
represents
614 A.
A. thrown
within B.
B. scattered
between C.
C. extended
among D.
D. splashed
from
7 A. ancient B. elderly C. antique D. old
8 A. employed B. handled C. used D. handed
 15 A. breakthrough B. invention C. discovery D. finding

513 BECOMING A TRANSLATOR

The role of the translator inenabling literature to pass beyond its natural frontiers is
receiving growing recognition. In view of the general increase in this (1) , it is not surprising
that many people with literary interests and a knowledge of languages should think of
adopting translating as a full or part-time (2) . Some advice may usefully be (3) to such
would-be translators.
The first difficulty the beginner will (4) is the unwillingness of to entrust a translation
to anyone who has not already (5) a reputation for sound work. The least publishers
will
(6) before commissioning a translation is a fairly lengthy (7) of the applicants work,
even if unpublished. Perhaps the best way the would-be can begin is to select some book of
the type which he or she feels competent and (8) to translate, translate a (9)
section of the book and then submit the book and the translation to a (10)
publisher. If he or she is extremely lucky, this may (11) in a commission to translate the book.
More (12) , however, publishers will (13) the book as such but if they are favorably (14)
by the translation, they may very possibly commission some other book of a (15) nature
which they already have in mind.
110 A.
A. category
fit B.
B. ground
suitable C.
C. field
right D. class
D. convenient
211 A.
A. work
result B.
B. employment
finish C.
C. line
effect D. occupation
D. lead
312 A.
A. made
surely B.
B. given
probably C.
C. told
certainly D. shown
D. expectedly
413 A.
A. reveal
reject B.
B. involve
exclude C.
C. encounter
object D. introduce
D. disapprove
514 A.
A. established
taken B.
B. set
convinced C.
C. founded
affected D. formed
D. impressed
615 A. common
A. instruct B. similar
B. oblige C. same
C. demand D. joint
D. direct
7 A. instance B. model C. case D. specimen
8 A. agitated B. nervous C. eager D. excited
514 A LIFE ON THE OCEAN WAVE
9 A. substantial B. main C. grand D. plentiful
If your idea of heaven is a worlds where the suns always (1) , where the living is
luxurious and where the worlds biggest parties taken (2) on your doorstep, then take
out your cheque- (3) _. For L750,000 (1.2 million) a two-bedroom apartment on the first live-
in luxury cruise liner - (4) calling itself The World- can be yours. And if you
want to be really flashy, you can fork out L3.3 million for the penthouse suite. ResidenSea,
the Norwegian company putting up the L300 million to build this ship in time for its maiden
 (5) in the year 2000, has (6) sold 51 of the 250 apartment, mainly to (7) - aged Scandinavians,
(8) also to Americans, Australians and Americans. (9) The World has completed
its initial three year-journey, taking in the Northern Lights, the opera
(10) in Rome, the Cannes Film Festival, the Monaco Grand Prix and the Rio Carnival, its
residents will vote on where they (11) next. It (12) be a democracy, says Paul
Mundy, who is (13) ResidenSea in Britain. The idea is that the ship will always be in
the most desirable places (14) the most desirable times and the (15) will vote on where
that will be.
112 A.
A. shines
might B.
B. sparkles
will C. may
C. glitters D.
D. glows
can
213 A.
A. part
symbolising B.
B. position
supporting C. standing
C. place D.
D. seat
representing
314 A.
A. account
on B.
B. book
in C. at
C. leaflet D.
D. statement
for
415 A.
A. decently
minority B.
B. plainly
plurality C. plenty
C. shyly D.
D. modestly
majority
5 A. voyage B. journey C. travel D. trip
6 A. still B. already C. yet D. previously
515 LIVING ABOVE THE SHOP
7 A. average B. medium C. middle D. intermediate
Have you ever considered applying for a job where you can live on the premises? While
8 A. unless B. but C. however D. nevertheless
living above the shop (1) sound good because you dont have to commute, such
9 A. immediately B. since C. if D. once
a situation has its pros and (2) . Bernadette Gillow, who lives and works at Ightham Mote, a
10 A. time B. period C. season D. era
medieval National Trust property, admits that it can be difficult (3) times. It takes
11 A. sail B. navigate C. embark D. move
some getting (4) to. As you come in with your supermarket bags on your day off, you walk
through showrooms to get to your (5) . I once found a little old lady on my sofa. No (6)
how many PRIVATE (7) you have on the door, if it opens, people will open it.
However, shes generally happy. When she (8) the job as manager, the whole family her
husband and two children moved in. renting out their (9) home, they have settled in
and now (10) from using the grounds on summer evenings after the visitors have gone. You
feel a wonderful (11) _ of history here, she says. Although it is (12) a general
management job, Im responsible for the (13) to day running of the property: the house
1 garden,
and A. should B. would the (14) _C.
the shop and tearoom, will
and D. might
the financial administration. It does give us
an2 opportunity
A. downsto completely
B. cons C. backs
absorb the scenery D. Its
and the property. forms
a gorgeous place to be
3 itsA.
and at privilege. (15)
a great B. forthe drawbacks,C.I inwouldnt like toD.goonback to the way we lived
4 .A. felt
before B. used C. known D. lived
5 A. rooms B. parts C. sections D. quarters
6 A. matter B. point C. question D. doubt
7 A. directions B. labels C. signs D. messages
8 A. took B. received C. agreed D. reached
9 A. final B. early C. previous D. last
10 A. reward B. love C. enjoy D. benefit
11 A. ideal B. sense C. touch D. tone
12 A. completely B. truly C. wholly D. basically
13 A. day B. night C. week D. evening
14 A. men B. people C. staff D. members
15 A. spite B. despite C. however D. although

516
The money that some professional sportsmen earn shouldnt impress anyone when
you take into (1) the fact that only a few of them manage to (2) immortality and
everlasting fame. And once they reach their (3) and display their talent at their best,
they are fully conscious that their brilliant careers wont last forever. They live under a
constant pressure of being (4) and subsequently replaced by someone who is younger,
faster and more (5) . For that reason, objectives like retirement benefits and pensions are
(6) great concern to all professional athletes.
Some of the retired competitors go as far as to organize strikes and rallies to (7) their
protest against any policy unresponsive to their demands (8) the younger professionals
seek more upgrading solutions to the problem as more and more of them attach a proper
significance to (9) a solid education, even at university level. Such an approach should
help them find interesting and well-paid jobs (10) their sports career is over.
A completely new strategy has been (11) by the schools priding themselves (12)
supporting their own teams. Their authorities insist that the sports clubs member achieve high
academic standards or else they are debarred from partaking in certain sports events, which
may lead to further (13) in their professional creels.
By these practical and most effective (14) ,combining education with sports activity, the
(15) of the professional athlete as being brainless and unintelligent may eventually be changing
to the sportsmens benefit.
1 A. Reflection B. consideration C. examination D. attention
2 A. obtain B. fulfil C. attain D. succeed
3 A. prime B. shape C. best D. capacity
4 A. outcast B. outshone C. outstayed D. outgrown
5 A. Achieved B. attributed C. accredited D. accomplished
6 A. with B. in C. of D. at
7 A. voice b. claim C. insist D. speak
8 A. whereby B. wherein C. whereupon D. whereas
9 A. mastering B. receiving C. learning D. attending
10 A. right away B. promptly C. once D. barely
11 A. assembled B. installed C. emerged D. devised
12 A. on B. with C. for D .in
13 A. wreckage B .hitch C. detachment D. disruption
14 A. means B. results C. factor D. grounds
15 A. vision B. outlook C. image D. judgment

517
The knowledge and eloquence that people (1) _ through travelling is usually
perceived as the best (2)_ in life. It is the inquisitive human nature that (3) people to
seek (4) experiences and to set out on an exploration trip. Those who travel frequently and
to (5) places benefit from establishing new relationships and (6) a better knowledge
about other cultures and lifestyles.
However, there is a (7) _ of truth in the assumption that people are prone to (8)
clichs and unfounded prejudices about other nation and their characteristics. Sometimes, it
is only the first-hand encounter that can help change the (9) towards the so called
inferior communities. This direct contact with a different civilization enables travelers
to (10) their baseless assumptions and get (11) _ with the real concept of life in all four
corners of the globe.
(12) question, travelling (13) friendship and makes it easier for many individuals to
acknowledge the true value of different traditions and customs. Yet, it does not always mean
enjoyment. It many also (14) coming close with the atrocities of real existence as well as
becoming aware of the challenges and hardships that other people have to struggle with.
Hence, a true voyage is the one with a good deal of experience to (15) about, very often
combined with exposure to abhorrent sights and incredible ordeals. The learning to be
complete, thus, requires an ability to observe and analyse the surroundings, both their
glamour and brutality.
16 A.
A. purchase
exacting B.
B. exact
educating C.
C. gain
learning D.
D. nurture
acquiring
27 A.
A. completion
speck B.
B. fulfillment
scrap C.
C. conclusion
grain D.
D. resolution
tip
38 A.
A. impels
persevering B.
B. involves
persisting C.
C. entails
indulging D.
D. pursues
cherishing
49 A. prejudice
A. thriving B. approach
B. throbbing C. outlook
C. thwarting D. resolution
D. manner
510 A.
A. reverse
quit B.
B. diverse
cease C.
C. averse
tail D.
D. converse
drop
11 A. acquainted B. realized C. informed D. defined
 12 A. apart B. beyond C. unfailing D. beneath
13 A. elicits B. affords C. facilitates D. incites
14 A. involve B. derive C. consist D. enclose
15 A. commemorate B. resemble C. reminisce D. remind

518
It only (1) the completion of the reconstruction of the human genetic map for a whole
host of hereditary diseases to be (2) . Originally, it was forecast that the venture would
take until the beginning of the 21st century to be (3) . At present, it is clear that the task
can be finished much earlier.
Hundreds of scholars have gone to (4) to help (5) the mystery of the human genetic
structure with an ardent hope for (6) mankind from disorders such as cancer, cystic
fibrosis or arthritis.
The progress in this incredible undertaking is (7) _ by an accurate interpretation of the
information (8) in the chromosomes forming the trillions of the cells in the human body
Locating and characterizing every single gene may (9) an implausible assignment, but
very considerable (10) has already been made. What we know by now is that the
hereditary code is assembled in Dna, some parts of which may be diseased and (11) to
the uncontrollable transmission of the damaged code from parent to their children.
Whereas work at the completion of the human genome may last for a few years more,
notions like gene therapy or genetic engineering dont (12) much surprise any longer.
Their potential application has already been (13) _ in the effective struggle against many
viruses or in the genetic treatment of blood disorders. The hopes are, then, that hundreds of
maladies that humanity is (14) with at present might eventually cease to exist in the not
too (15) future.
13 A.
A. expects
dismantled B.
B. anticipates
discharged C.
C. requires
accomplished D.
D. remains
exterminated
24 A.
A. eradicated
maximum B.
B. interfered
extremes C.
C. terminated
supreme D.
D. disrupted
utmost
5 A. dissolve B. interrogate C. respond D. unravel
6 A. liberating B. insulating C. surviving D. averting
7 A. dependent B. reliant C. qualified D. conditioned
8 A. involved B. contained C. associated D. derived
9 A. perceive B. hear C. voice D. sound
10 A. headline B. headway C. heading D. headship
11 A. amiable B. conceivable C. conducive D. evocative
12 A. evoke B. institute C. discharge D. encourage
13 A. examined B. inquired C. corroborated D. accounted
14 A. aggravated B. plagued C. persecuted D. teased
15 A. far-away B. outlying C. imminent D. distant

519
For many people doing physical exercise may (1) a painful torturing of
the body.
Therefore, theres usually something we come up with that is (2) bigger importance
than putting ones muscles through their (3) . Unless wa are forced to go in for a
physical training, we are (4) to treat it as something of a lower (5)
than staying in front of the TV set, spending time in a pub (6)
alcoholic beverages or consuming excessive
quantities of fattening confectionery in a cafe. We need to be considerably motivated to (7)
up a body workout and build our physical fitness. What
usually (8) individuals from (9) themselves to strenuous
exercise is the fear of fatigue, discomfort or even the (10) of being outdone by
true fitness zealots.
However, getting fit is fully a (11) of common sense. Different forms of
exercise may be of great (12) to the human body increasing its strength,
flexibility and endurance. When supported by a nutritious diet, much better performance of
the heart and the lungs improves the blood circulation making an individual more resistant to
stressfull situations as well as more (13) _ to infections and diseases.
 In the first place, self-discipline that is requisite for proceeding with such physical effort
ought to be attained to (14) that the intention of becoming healthier and more
vigorous isnt (15) by any trivial impediments.
1. A. incorporate B. entail C. administer D. correspond
2. A. in B. with C. of D. at
3. A. paces B. efforts C. labours D. burdens
4. A. tended B. implied C. affirmed D. inclined
5. A. superiority B. priority C. advantage D. privilege
6. A. smacking B. sniffing C. seething D. sipping
7. A. put B. take C. get D. make
8. A. repels B. denies C. opposes D. rejects
9. A. engrossing B. absorbing C. involving D. committing
10. A. hindrances B. impairments C. inhibitions D. preventions
11. A. point B. matter C. case D. reason
12. A. benefit B. liking C. appreciation D. gain
13. A. irresistible B. preventative C. immune D. wary
14. A. certify B. ascertain C. resolve D. ensure
15. A. suppressed B. tormented C. harassed D. persecuted
520
The problems of racial minorities (1) the headlines occasionally when
one group or another (2) to (3) their protests against the oppressive
treatment of their authorities. The native Indians have been living within the (4) of
their reserves, the Australian Aborigines have a hard (5) of integrating with the
descendants of the European colonizers and the African Movement keeps (6) its
war against the concealed racial discrimination in America. There are also cultures and
nations whose heritage and history has only remained alive (7) chronicles and
museums. Vast number of indigenous populations have been slaughtered by merciless
invaders or persecuted by acquisitive colonizers, then, (8) of their lands, rights and
properties. Many of them have (9) with their oppressors to be finally (10)
non-existent.
One example of such a community is represented by the Ainu people the original
inhabitants of the Japanese Archipelago whose independent existence was ruined by an
extremely rapid assimilation with the Japanese culture. The Ainu are believed to have
possessed very distinct characteristics from those that (11) the Japanese people.
Theirs was a light complexion and thick wavy hair as well as a totally isolated language.
They adored many spirits (12) by natural phenomena like animals, plants or
climatic forces. Once a year they would sacrifice a bear cub at a religious festival which was
a sign of reverent (13) for the gods. Now, they are claimed to be no longer
existent in there pure form.
By similar means, dozens of other cultures have (14) leaving only a trait of
their (15) imprinted in the character of the societies that have absorbed them.

1. A. fill B. get C. write D. make

2. A. pursues B. resolves C. undergoes D. embarks
3. A. stage B. place C. assure D. expose
4. A. margins B. realms C. boundaries D. zones
5. A. moment B. time C. while D. spell
6. A. deploying B. engaging C. tackling D. waging
7. A. by dint of B. in the way of C. in lieu of D. for the sake of
8. A. evicted B. ousted C. removed D. deprived
9. A. exchanged B. intermingled C. intertwined D. incorporated
10. A. decided B. nicknamed C. classified D. presupposed
11. A. typify B. divulge C. relate D. sport
12. A. ingrained B. displayed C. embodied D. defaced
13. A. esteem B. acclaim C. commitment D. worship
14. A. vanished B. extinguished C. annihilated D. eradicated
15. A. heredity B. legacy C. remnant D. heirloom

521 GETTING TO THE ROOT OF BONSAI CRIME

Bonsai trees have always been a source of great fascination to people. They are perfect
miniatures, grown in pots small enough to sit on a windowsill. You have to keep reminding
yourself that trees are (1) real and identical to their larger cousins in all (2)
except their size. Rather like other small and perfectly-formed artifacts, bonsai
 trees (3) quite a high price in the marketplace and so it doesnt come as a great
surprise to find that they also
(4) the attention of thieves. It seems that quite a flourishing business has (5)
, in which they are stolen from the homes of growers and collectors, then repotted
and trimmed by unscrupulous dealers, to be sold on, at good prices, to (6) buyers.
One of Britains top collectors of bonsai trees, Paul Waddington, believes that he has
found a solution, however. After losing his lifes work, (7) at 250,000, when
burglars broke into his home one night, Paul decided to (8) the possibilities of
electronically tagging the trees he bought as a replacement. This (9) injecting a
microchip the size of a (10) of rice into the trunk of each tree. Each chip is laser-
etched with information which is (11) in a central register held by the police.
Paul is quite aware that this kind of data-tagging doesnt (12) thieves from
stealing the trees in the first (13) , although it may increase the (14)
of getting them back. So hes also (15) a security alarm system, complete with infra-
red detectors, in his home.
1. A. actually B. eventually C. deeply D. greatly
2. A. concerns B. respects C. regards D. matters
3. A. command B. expect C. obtain D. charge
4. A. invite B. inquire C. appeal D. attract
5. A. erupted B. adapted C. evolved D. arrived
6. A. unavoidable B. undemanding C. unconscious D. unsuspecting
7. A. prized B. valued C. treasured D. coasted
8. A. go after B. set about C. try out D. look into
9. A. involves B. includes C. requires D. reflects
10. A. crumb B. speck C. grain D. bean
11. A. detained B. stored C. locked D. piled
12. A. prevent B. preserve C. prohibit D. protect
13. A. turn B. time C. point D. place
14. A. counts B. chances C. choices D. claims
15. A. investing B. inserting C. installing D. inputting

522 GROUNDHOG DAY

 According to an interesting US popular tradition, the groundhog, a small and furry
animal, (1) of its winter sleep on 2 February. If the sky is (2) _ , he sees his
 shadow. This means theres going to be six more weeks of (3) weather and he
returns to his hole. If the day is cloudy and he cant see his shadow, it means will be an (4)
spring and he stays above ground. Each year reporters (5) _ in Punxsutawney at dawn
and a large (6) _ of cameras are focused on the burrow of a groundhog named Punxsutawney
Phil. Is spring just around the (7) ? Thats what they want Phil to tell them. Or is it going
to be a long, (8) winter with a risk of more (9) snow? Groundhog Day has become
more popular in recent years, mainly because of the 1993 Hollywood film of the same (10)
, which made Punxsutawney famous and (11) Phil into a major celebrity. The following
February, over 30,000 people (12) _ in Punxsutawney, Pennsylvania for Phils big day.
Unfortunately, (13) _ the large crowds were hoping (14) a prediction of good weather, Phil
saw his shadow and returned to his hole, so everyone knew that winter was going to (15)
for a few more weeks.
1 A. gets out B. comes up C. gets up D. comes out
2 A. calm B. clear C. apparent D. fair
3 A. low B. rude C. ill D. severe
4 A. advanced B. early C. ahead D. immature
5 A. crowd B. group C. gather D. combine
6 A. number B. quantity C. total D. sum
7 A. street B. turn C. bend D. corner
8 A. hard B. stiff C. solid D. forceful
9 A. strong B. dense C. heavy D. warm
10 A. name B. title C. label D. term
11 A. got B. turned C. took D. became
12 A. looked over B. called off C. came on D. turned up
13 A. although B. despite C. still D. otherwise
14 A. to B. for C. by D. on
15 A. exist B. rest C. last D. hold

523
There are so many threats to the wildlife on our planet nowadays that we are rarely surprised
when we are (1) about another one. (2) _, some people might find it difficult to (3)
 that small creatures (4) hedgehogs world be the cause, rather than the victims, of
one of these threats. One resident of an island which (5) off the west coast of Scotland
(6) how this extraordinary situation has come about. It appears that hedgehogs are not
native to the islands. They were introduced by a gardener who thought they (7) be an
effective way of controlling the slug population. There are now so (8) hedgehogs on the
island that they are putting many rare birds at (9) because they eat birds eggs. The
hedgehogs, it seems, are (10) - so what are the local people going to do (11) it?
One group of conservationists tried to transport hedgehogs to the mainland. The plan might
have (12) if residents on the mainland hadnt pointed out that the hedgehogs would (13)
just as much of a threat on the mainland as on the island. But, unless action is (14)
soon, the continuing increase in the hedgehog population will (15) in the disappearance
of certain rare species of birds.
1. A. mentioned B. told C. explained D. said
2. A. However B. Although C. Yet D. Even
3. A. suppose B. convince C. believe D. consider
4. A. so B. like C. such D. as
5. A. extends B. stretches C. covers D. lies
6. A. talked B. commented C. described D. meant
7. A. would B. can C. ought D. should
8. A. largely B. much C. far D. many
9. A. danger B. trouble C. risk D. difficulties
10. A. everywhere B. anywhere C. anything D. nothing
11. A. with B. about C. to D. for
12. A. beaten B. won C. caught D. succeeded
13. A. change B. return C. become D. move
14. A. made B. done C. held D. taken
15. A. result B. lead C. cause D. Turn

DAP AN
1 2 3 4

1. A 1. A 1. B
 1. D
2. C 2. C 2. B 2. A
3. A 3. B 3. D 3. C
4. B 4. D 4. A 4. D
5. A 5. C 5. C 5. C
6. B 6. B 6. A 6. D
7. D 7. C 7. C 7. B
8. C 8. A 8. B 8. C
9. A 9. B 9. D 9. A
10. B 10. D 10. C 10. D

5 6 7 8
1. D 1. A 1. D 1. D
2. B 2. C 2. C 2. B
3. A 3. B 3. B 3. D
4. B 4. D 4. A 4. C
5. A 5. C 5. B 5. B
6. B 6. A 6. D 6. A
7. C 7. B 7. A 7. D
8. A 8. A 8. C 8. A
9. C 9. C 9. B 9. C
10. D 10. D 10. D 10. B

9 10 11 12
1. B 1. A 1. A 1. A
2. C 2. C 2. C 2. C
3. B 3. B 3. D 3. B
4. D 4. C 4. B 4. C
5. A 5. A 5. D 5. A
6. B 6. D 6. C 6. D
7. A 7. B 7. A 7. B
8. C 8. A 8. B 8. A
9. D 9. B 9. C 9. D
10. A 10. D 10. B 10. C

13 14 15 16

1. A 1. D 1. D 1. A
2. D 2. B 2. C 2. C
3. C 3. D 3. D 3. B
4. D 4. A 4. A 4. D
5. B 5. C 5. B 5. B
6. A 6. B 6. A 6. C
7. D 7. A 7. C 7. A
8. C 8. C 8. A 8. B
9. B 9. D 9. D 9. D
10. C 10. A 10. B 10. A

17 18 19 20
1. A 1. B 1. C 1. C
2. C 2. B 2. B 2. A
3. B 3. D 3. A 3. D
4. D 4. C 4. B 4. B
5. A 5. D 5. C 5. D
6. D 6. C 6. A 6. C
7. B 7. B 7. D 7. D
8. C 8. C 8. B 8. A
9. B 9. A 9. D 9. B
10. D 10. D 10. C 10. C

21 22 23 24
1. C 1. A 1. A 1. A
2. A 2. B 2. D 2. D
3. C 3. C 3. C 3. B
4. B 4. B 4. B 4. A
5. D 5. D 5. D 5. C
6. B 6. A 6. C 6. B
7. B 7. D 7. A 7. C
8. C 8. A 8. B 8. D
9. A 9. B 9. A 9. B
10. D 10. C 10. D 10. A

25 26 27 28

1. A 1. D 1. C 1. D
2. C 2. C 2. A 2. B
3. A 3. B 3. D 3. A
4. D 4. A 4. B 4. D
5. B 5. D 5. D 5. C
6. C 6. C 6. A 6. D
7. D 7. B 7. C 7. B
8. C 8. A 8. A 8. A
9. A 9. B 9. B 9. C
10. B 10. D 10. D 10. B

29 30 31 32
1. D 1. A 1. D 1. A
2. B 2. D 2. A 2. C
3. D 3. B 3. B 3. A
4. A 4. C 4. C 4. D
5. B 5. D 5. A 5. B
6. C 6. A 6. B 6. D
7. A 7. C 7. A 7. B
8. D 8. D 8. C 8. A
9. B 9. C 9. B 9. C
10. C 10. B 10. D 10. D

33 34 35 36
1. B 1. D 1. A 1. B
2. D 2. B 2. C 2. A
3. A 3. A 3. D 3. D
4. C 4. C 4. C 4. A
5. A 5. D 5. A 5. B
6. D 6. C 6. D 6. C
7. B 7. B 7. B 7. A
8. A 8. A 8. C 8. D
9. C 9. B 9. D 9. B
10. D 10. D 10. B 10. C
11. C 11. A 11. A 11. D
12. B 12. C 12. B 12. C

37 38 39 40

1. B 1. B 1. D 1. A
2. C 2. D 2. B 2. B
3. A 3. A 3. C 3. D
4. C 4. C 4. A 4. C
5. D 5. B 5. C 5. A
6. C 6. A 6. A 6. D
7. A 7. D 7. C 7. B
8. B 8. C 8. D 8. C
9. D 9. A 9. B 9. D
10. B 10. B 10. C 10. A
11. A 11. D 11. A 11. C
12. D 12. C 12. B 12. B

41 42 43 44

1. B 1. D 1. B 1. C
2. C 2. C 2. A 2. D
3. B 3. A 3. C 3. B
4. A 4. C 4. A 4. A
5. C 5. B 5. D 5. C
6. A 6. A 6. C 6. B
7. D 7. B 7. D 7. D
8. C 8. D 8. B 8. A
9. D 9. A 9. A 9. D
10. B 10. D 10. D 10. B
11. D 11. B 11. C 11. C
12. A 12. C 12. B 12. A

45 46 47 48

1. A 1. D 1. B 1. A
2. B 2. B 2. A 2. A
3. A 3. D 3. C 3. D
4. D 4. B 4. B 4. B
5. C 5. C 5. D 5. B
6. D 6. A 6. C 6. C
7. B 7. D 7. A 7. B
8. D 8. A 8. D 8. D
9. A 9. C 9. C 9. B
10. C 10. A 10. A 10. A
11. B 11. B 11. B 11. C
12. C 12. C 12. D 12. D
49 50 51 52

1. D 1. C 1. C 1. A
2. A 2. D 2. D 2. D
3. D 3. A 3. B 3. A
4. B 4. C 4. D 4. B
5. D 5. B 5. C 5. C
6. B 6. D 6. A 6. D
7. C 7. B 7. B 7. B
8. A 8. D 8. A 8. D
9. C 9. A 9. B 9. C
10. A 10. B 10. C 10. B
11. B 11. C 11. D 11. A
12. C 12. A 12. A 12. C

53 54 55 56

1. D 1. A 1. C 1. B
2. B 2. B 2. D 2. C
3. D 3. C 3. B 3. B
4. C 4. A 4. A 4. C
5. B 5. D 5. C 5. D
6. A 6. A 6. B 6. A
7. D 7. D 7. A 7. B
8. A 8. B 8. D 8. A
9. C 9. C 9. A 9. D
10. A 10. B 10. B 10. A
11. D 11. D 11. A 11. B
12. B 12. B 12. D 12. A
13. C 13. C 13. C 13. C
57 58 59 60

1. A 1. D 1. D 1. A
2. C 2. B 2. A 2. C
3. A 3. D 3. C 3. A
4. D 4. B 4. B 4. D
5. C 5. C 5. D 5. B
6. D 6. A 6. C 6. C
7. B 7. D 7. A 7. A
8. D 8. A 8. D 8. D
9. A 9. C 9. C 9. B
10. C 10. A 10. A 10. A
11. B 11. B 11. B 11. C
12. A 12. C 12. C 12. B
13. C 13. D 13. D 13.D D

61 62 63 64

1. D 1. C 1. C 1. A
2. A 2. D 2. D 2. D
3. D 3. A 3. B 3. A
4. B 4. C 4. D 4. B
5. D 5. B 5. C 5. C
6. B 6. D 6. A 6. D
7. C 7. B 7. B 7. B
8. A 8. D 8. A 8. D
9. C 9. A 9. B 9. B
10. A 10. B 10. C 10. C
11. B 11. C 11. D 11. A
12. C 12. A 12. A 12. D
13. B 13. D 13. B 13. C
65 66 67 68

1. D 1. A 1. C 1. B
2. B 2. D 2. D 2. C
3. C 3. C 3. B 3. B
4. D 4. A 4. A 4. C
5. B 5. C 5. C 5. D
6. A 6. B 6. D 6. A
7. D 7. D 7. A 7. D
8. A 8. B 8. D 8. A
9. C 9. C 9. B 9. C
10. A 10. B 10. D 10. A
11. C 11. D 11. B 11. B
12. B 12. A 12. C 12. D
13. C 13. C 13. A 13. B

69 70 71 72

1. A 1. D 1. B 1. A
2. C 2. B 2. A 2. C
3. A 3. D 3. C 3. A
4. D 4. B 4. B 4. D
5. C 5. C 5. D 5. B
6. D 6. A 6. C 6. C
7. B 7. D 7. A 7. A
8. D 8. A 8. D 8. D
9. A 9. C 9. C 9. B
10. C 10. A 10. A 10. A
11. B 11. B 11. B 11. C
12. C 12. C 12. C 12. B
13. A 13. D 13. D 13. D
73 74 75 76

1. D 1. C 1. C 1. A
2. A 2. D 2. D 2. D
3. D 3. A 3. B 3. A
4. B 4. C 4. D 4. B
5. D 5. B 5. C 5. C
6. B 6. D 6. A 6. D
7. C 7. B 7. B 7. B
8. A 8. D 8. A 8. D
9. C 9. A 9. B 9. C
10. A 10. B 10. C 10. B
11. B 11. C 11. D 11. A
12. C 12. A 12. A 12. D
13. D 13. D 13. B 13. C

77 78 79 80

1. D 1. A 1. C 1. B
2. B 2. D 2. D 2. C
3. D 3. C 3. C 3. B
4. C 4. A 4. A 4. C
5. B 5. C 5. C 5. D
6. A 6. A 6. B 6. C
7. C 7. D 7. A 7. D
8. B 8. B 8. D 8. A
9. D 9. C 9. A 9. D
10. A 10. B 10. D 10. A
11. C 11. D 11. B 11. B
12. A 12. B 12. D 12. A
13. C 13. C 13. B 13. B

81 82 83 84

1. A 1. D 1. B 1. A
2. B 2. B 2. A 2. C
3. A 3. D 3. C 3. A
4. D 4. B 4. B 4. D
5. C 5. C 5. D 5. B
6. D 6. A 6. C 6. C
7. B 7. D 7. A 7. A
8. D 8. A 8. D 8. D
9. A 9. C 9. C 9. B
10. C 10. A 10. A 10. A
11. B 11. B 11. B 11. C
12. C 12. D 12. D 12. B
13. A 13. C 13. C 13. D

85 86 87 88

1. D 1. C 1. C 1. A
2. A 2. D 2. D 2. D
3. D 3. A 3. B 3. A
4. B 4. C 4. D 4. B
5. D 5. B 5. C 5. C
6. B 6. D 6. A 6. D
7. C 7. B 7. B 7. B
8. A 8. D 8. A 8. D
9. C 9. A 9. B 9. C
10. A 10. B 10. C 10. B
11. B 11. C 11. D 11. A
12. C 12. A 12. A 12. D
13. D 13. B 13. B 13. C

89 90 91 92

1. D 1. A 1. C 1. B
2. B 2. B 2. B 2. C
3. D 3. C 3. A 3. B
4. C 4. A 4. D 4. C
5. B 5. D 5. B 5. D
6. A 6. B 6. D 6. A
7. C 7. D 7. C 7. C
8. A 8. B 8. D 8. A
9. C 9. C 9. A 9. D
10. D 10. B 10. C 10. A
11. C 11. D 11. A 11. B
12. B 12. A 12. B 12. D
13. D 13. C 13. A 13. B

93 94 95 96

1. A 1. D 1. B 1. A
2. B 2. B 2. A 2. C
3. A 3. D 3. C 3. A
4. D 4. B 4. B 4. D
5. C 5. C 5. D 5. B
6. D 6. A 6. C 6. C
7. B 7. C 7. A 7. A
8. C 8. A 8. D 8. D
9. A 9. C 9. C 9. B
10. C 10. A 10. A 10. A
11. B 11. B 11. B 11. C
12. A 12. D 12. C 12. B
13. D 13. A 13. B 13. D

97 98 99 100

1. D 1. C 1. C 1. A
2. A 2. D 2. D 2. D
3. D 3. A 3. B 3. A
4. B 4. C 4. D 4. B
5. D 5. B 5. C 5. C
6. B 6. D 6. A 6. D
7. C 7. B 7. B 7. B
8. A 8. D 8. A 8. D
9. C 9. A 9. B 9. C
10. A 10. B 10. C 10. B
11. B 11. C 11. D 11. A
12. C 12. A 12. A 12. D
13. B 13. C 13. B 13. C
101 102 103 104
1. D 1. A 1. C 1. B
2. A 2. B 2. D 2. C
3. D 3. D 3. A 3. B
4. C 4. A 4. B 4. C
5. B 5. C 5. C 5. D
6. A 6. A 6. B 6. C
7. D 7. D 7. A 7. D
8. B 8. B 8. D 8. A
9. C 9. C 9. A 9. B
10. A 10. B 10. D 10. A
11. C 11. D 11. C 11. B
12. B 12. B 12. D 12. A
13. C 13. C 13. B 13. D

105 106 107 108

1. D 1. A 1. A 1. B
2. C 2. C 2. B 2. A
3. A 3. B 3. D 3. C
4. B 4. D 4. A 4. D
5. A 5. C 5. C 5. C
6. C 6. B 6. A 6. D
7. D 7. C 7. C 7. B
8. C 8. A 8. B 8. C
9. A 9. B 9. D 9. A
10. B 10. D 10. C 10. D
11. C 11. A 11. D 11. A
12. D 12. B 12. C 12. B
13. C 13. D 13. D 13. C
14. D 14. A 14. B 14. D
15. B 15. C 15. A 15. A
109 110 111 112

1. D 1. A 1. D 1. D
2. B 2. C 2. C 2. B
3. A 3. B 3. B 3. D
4. B 4. D 4. A 4. C
5. A 5. C 5. B 5. B
6. B 6. A 6. D 6. A
7. C 7. B 7. A 7. D
8. A 8. A 8. C 8. A
9. D 9. C 9. B 9. C
10. C 10. D 10. D 10. B
11. A 11. B 11. A 11. C
12. D 12. D 12. C 12. A
13. C 13. C 13. A 13. B
14. B 14. D 14. D 14. D
15. D 15. A 15. B 15. A

113 114 115 116

1. B 1. B 1. A 1. A
2. C 2. C 2. C 2. C
3. B 3. B 3. D 3. B
4. D 4. C 4. B 4. C
5. A 5. A 5. D 5. A
6. B 6. D 6. C 6. D
7. A 7. B 7. A 7. B
8. C 8. A 8. B 8. A
9. D 9. C 9. C 9. D
10. C 10. D 10. B 10. C
500
11. B 11. A 11. D 11. B
12. D 12. D 12. A 12. C
13. C 13. A 13. B 13. D
14. A 14. B 14. A 14. B
15. D 15. C 15. D 15. A

117 118 119 120

1. A 1. B 1. C 1. C
2. C 2. A 2. B 2. A
3. B 3. D 3. A 3. D
4. D 4. C 4. B 4. B
5. A 5. D 5. C 5. D
6. D 6. C 6. A 6. C
7. B 7. B 7. D 7. A
8. C 8. C 8. B 8. D
9. B 9. A 9. D 9. B
10. D 10. D 10. C 10. C
11. C 11. A 11. A 11. A
12. A 12. B 12. D 12. D
13. C 13. C 13. A 13. B
14. B 14. B 14. B 14. A
15. D 15. A 15. D 15. C

121 122 123 124

1. A 1. D 1. C 1. D
2. C 2. C 2. A 2. B
500
3. A 3. B 3. D 3. A
4. D 4. A 4. B 4. D
5. B 5. D 5. D 5. C
6. C 6. C 6. A 6. D
7. D 7. B 7. C 7. B
8. C 8. A 8. D 8. A
9. A 9. C 9. B 9. C
10. B 10. D 10. D 10. B
11. D 11. A 11. B 11. A
12. B 12. C 12. A 12. C
13. D 13. B 13. B 13. A
14. A 14. C 14. C 14. D
15. B 15. D 15. A 15. C

125 126 127 128

1. C 1. A 1. B 1. D
2. A 2. C 2. A 2. B
3. D 3. D 3. C 3. A
4. B 4. B 4. B 4. C
5. C 5. C 5. D 5. D
6. B 6. D 6. A 6. B
7. D 7. B 7. C 7. A
8. A 8. A 8. D 8. C
9. C 9. C 9. C 9. A
10. A 10. D 10. A 10. B
11. D 11. C 11. D 11. C
12. B 12. B 12. B 12. A
13. A 13. A 13. C 13. D
14. C 14. B 14. D 14. B
15. D 15. D 15. A 15. C
129 130 131 132

1. C 1. A 1. A 1. B
500
2. D 2. C 2. B 2. C
3. B 3. B 3. D 3. A
4. C 4. D 4. B 4. B
5. A 5. A 5. D 5. D
6. C 6. B 6. A 6. C
7. D 7. C 7. C 7. A
8. C 8. B 8. A 8. D
9. A 9. D 9. C 9. B
10. B 10. C 10. D 10. C
11. A 11. A 11. B 11. D
12. B 12. B 12. D 12. A
13. A 13. D 13. A 13. D
14. D 14. C 14. C 14. A
15. B 15. D 15. B 15. C

133 134 135 136

1. C 1. C 1. B 1. D
2. B 2. A 2. C 2. B
3. A 3. C 3. A 3. A
4. D 4. B 4. D 4. C
5. B 5. D 5. B 5. B
6. D 6. B 6. D 6. D
7. C 7. D 7. B 7. A
8. D 8. A 8. A 8. D
9. B 9. D 9. D 9. B
10. D 10. B 10. C 10. C
11. A 11. C 11. B 11. A
12. C 12. A 12. A 12. C
13. B 13. C 13. C 13. D
14. A 14. B 14. D 14. A

500
15. D 15. D 15. A 15. B

137 138 139 140

1. A 1. D 1. B 1. A
2. B 2. B 2. A 2. C
3. A 3. D 3. C 3. A
4. D 4. B 4. B 4. D
5. C 5. C 5. D 5. B
6. D 6. A 6. C 6. C
7. B 7. D 7. A 7. A
8. D 8. A 8. D 8. D
9. A 9. C 9. C 9. B
10. C 10. A 10. A 10. A
11. B 11. B 11. B 11. C
12. A 12. D 12. D 12. D
13. D 13. A 13. C 13. B
14. B 14. B 14. D 14. C
15. C 15. C 15. A 15. D

141 142 143 144

1. D 1. C 1. C 1. A
2. A 2. D 2. D 2. D
3. D 3. A 3. B 3. A
4. B 4. C 4. D 4. B
5. D 5. B 5. C 5. C
6. B 6. D 6. A 6. D
7. C 7. B 7. B 7. B
8. A 8. D 8. A 8. D
9. C 9. A 9. B 9. C
10. A 10. B 10. C 10. B
11. B 11. D 11. D 11. A
12. A 12. A 12. A 12. D
500
13. C 13. C 13. B 13. C
14. B 14. B 14. D 14. A
15. C 15. C 15. A 15. B

145 146 147 148

1. D 1. A 1. A 1. B
2. C 2. C 2. B 2. A
3. A 3. B 3. D 3. C
4. B 4. D 4. A 4. D
5. A 5. C 5. C 5. C
6. B 6. B 6. A 6. D
7. D 7. C 7. C 7. B
8. C 8. A 8. B 8. C
9. A 9. B 9. D 9. A
10. B 10. D 10. C 10. D
11. C 11. A 11. D 11. A
12. D 12. B 12. C 12. C
13. C 13. D 13. D 13. B
14. D 14. A 14. B 14. D
15. B 15. C 15. A 15. A

149 150 151 152

1. D 1. A 1. D 1. D
2. B 2. C 2. C 2. C
3. A 3. B 3. B 3. D
4. B 4. D 4. A 4. C
5. A 5. C 5. B 5. B
6. B 6. A 6. D 6. A
7. C 7. B 7. A 7. D
8. A 8. A 8. C 8. A

500
9. D 9. C 9. B 9. C
10. C 10. D 10. D 10. B
11. A 11. B 11. A 11. C
12. D 12. D 12. C 12. A
13. C 13. C 13. A 13. B
14. B 14. D 14. D 14. D
15. C 15. A 15. B 15. A

153 154 155 156

1. B 1. B 1. A 1. A
2. C 2. C 2. C 2. C
3. B 3. B 3. D 3. B
4. D 4. C 4. B 4. C
5. A 5. A 5. D 5. A
6. B 6. D 6. C 6. D
7. A 7. B 7. A 7. B
8. C 8. A 8. B 8. A
9. D 9. C 9. C 9. D
10. C 10. D 10. B 10. C
11. B 11. A 11. D 11. B
12. D 12. D 12. A 12. C
13. C 13. A 13. B 13. D
14. A 14. B 14. A 14. B
15. D 15. C 15. D 15. A

157 158 159 160

1. A 1. B 1. C 1. C
2. C 2. A 2. B 2. A
3. B 3. D 3. A 3. D
4. D 4. C 4. B 4. B
5. A 5. D 5. C 5. D
6. D 6. C 6. A 6. C
500
7. B 7. B 7. D 7. A
8. C 8. C 8. B 8. D
9. B 9. A 9. D 9. B
10. D 10. D 10. C 10. C
11. C 11. A 11. A 11. A
12. A 12. B 12. D 12. D
13. C 13. C 13. A 13. B
14. B 14. B 14. B 14. A
15. D 15. A 15. D 15. C

161 162 163 164

1. A 1. D 1. C 1. D
2. C 2. C 2. A 2. B
3. A 3. B 3. D 3. A
4. D 4. A 4. B 4. D
5. B 5. D 5. D 5. C
6. C 6. C 6. A 6. D
7. D 7. B 7. C 7. B
8. C 8. A 8. D 8. A
9. A 9. B 9. B 9. C
10. B 10. D 10. D 10. B
11. D 11. A 11. B 11. A
12. B 12. C 12. A 12. C
13. D 13. B 13. B 13. A
14. A 14. C 14. C 14. D
15. B 15. D 15. A 15. C

500
165 166 167 168

1. C 1. A 1. B 1. D
2. A 2. C 2. A 2. B
3. D 3. D 3. C 3. A
4. C 4. C 4. B 4. C
5. B 5. B 5. D 5. D
6. C 6. D 6. A 6. B
7. D 7. B 7. C 7. A
8. A 8. A 8. D 8. C
9. C 9. C 9. C 9. A
10. A 10. D 10. A 10. B
11. D 11. C 11. D 11. C
12. B 12. B 12. B 12. A
13. A 13. A 13. C 13. D
14. C 14. B 14. D 14. B
15. D 15. D 15. A 15. C

169 170 171 172

1. C 1. A 1. A 1. B
2. D 2. C 2. B 2. C
3. B 3. B 3. D 3. A
4. C 4. D 4. B 4. B
5. A 5. A 5. D 5. D
6. C 6. B 6. A 6. C
7. D 7. C 7. C 7. A
8. C 8. B 8. A 8. D
9. A 9. D 9. C 9. B
10. B 10. C 10. D 10. C
11. A 11. A 11. B 11. D
12. D 12. B 12. D 12. A
13. A 13. D 13. A 13. D
14. D 14. C 14. C 14. A
15. B 15. D 15. B 15. C

173 174 175 176

1. C 1. C 1. B 1. D
2. B 2. A 2. C 2. B
3. A 3. C 3. A 3. A
4. D 4. B 4. D 4. C
5. B 5. D 5. B 5. B
6. D 6. B 6. D 6. D
7. C 7. D 7. B 7. A
8. D 8. A 8. A 8. D
9. B 9. D 9. D 9. B
10. D 10. B 10. C 10. C
11. A 11. C 11. B 11. A
12. C 12. A 12. A 12. C
13. B 13. C 13. C 13. D
14. A 14. B 14. D 14. A
15. C 15. D 15. A 15. B

177 178 179 180

1. A 1. D 1. B 1. A
2. B 2. B 2. A 2. C
3. A 3. D 3. C 3. A
4. D 4. B 4. B 4. D
5. C 5. C 5. D 5. B
6. D 6. A 6. C 6. C
7. B 7. D 7. A 7. A
8. D 8. A 8. D 8. D
9. A 9. C 9. C 9. B
10. C 10. A 10. A 10. A
11. B 11. B 11. B 11. C
12. A 12. D 12. D 12. D
13. D 13. A 13. C 13. B
14. B 14. B 14. D 14. C
15. C 15. C 15. A 15. B

181 182 183 184

1. D 1. C 1. C 1. A
2. B 2. D 2. D 2. D
3. C 3. A 3. B 3. A
4. A 4. C 4. D 4. B
5. C 5. B 5. C 5. C
6. A 6. D 6. A 6. D
7. B 7. B 7. B 7. B
8. A 8. D 8. A 8. D
9. C 9. A 9. B 9. C
10. A 10. B 10. C 10. B
11. B 11. D 11. D 11. A
12. A 12. A 12. A 12. D
13. C 13. C 13. B 13. C
14. B 14. B 14. D 14. A
15. C 15. C 15. A 15. B

185 186 187 188

1. C 1. C 1. B 1. D
2. B 2. A 2. C 2. B
3. A 3. C 3. A 3. A
4. D 4. B 4. D 4. C
5. B 5. D 5. B 5. B
6. D 6. B 6. D 6. D
7. C 7. D 7. B 7. A
8. D 8. A 8. A 8. D
9. B 9. D 9. D 9. B
10. D 10. B 10. C 10. C
11. A 11. C 11. B 11. A
12. C 12. A 12. A 12. C
13. B 13. C 13. C 13. D
14. A 14. B 14. D 14. A
15. C 15. D 15. A 15. B

189 190 191 192

1. D 1. A 1. A 1. B
2. C 2. C 2. B 2. A
3. A 3. B 3. D 3. C
4. B 4. D 4. A 4. D
5. A 5. C 5. C 5. C
6. B 6. B 6. A 6. D
7. C 7. C 7. D 7. B
8. D 8. A 8. B 8. C
9. A 9. B 9. D 9. A
10. B 10. D 10. C 10. D
11. C 11. A 11. D 11. A
12. D 12. B 12. C 12. C
13. C 13. D 13. D 13. B
14. D 14. A 14. B 14. D
15. B 15. C 15. A 15. A

193 194 195 196

1. D 1. A 1. D 1. D
2. B 2. C 2. B 2. B
3. A 3. B 3. C 3. D
4. B 4. D 4. A 4. C
5. A 5. C 5. B 5. B
6. B 6. A 6. D 6. A
7. C 7. B 7. A 7. D
8. A 8. A 8. C 8. A
9. D 9. C 9. B 9. C
10. C 10. D 10. D 10. B
11. A 11. B 11. A 11. C
12. D 12. D 12. C 12. A
13. C 13. C 13. A 13. B
14. B 14. D 14. D 14. D
15. C 15. A 15. B 15. A

197 198 199 200

1. B 1. B 1. A 1. A
2. C 2. C 2. C 2. C
3. B 3. B 3. D 3. B
4. D 4. C 4. B 4. C
5. A 5. A 5. D 5. A
6. B 6. D 6. C 6. D
7. A 7. B 7. A 7. B
8. C 8. A 8. B 8. A
9. D 9. C 9. C 9. D
10. C 10. D 10. B 10. C
11. B 11. A 11. D 11. B
12. D 12. D 12. A 12. C
13. C 13. A 13. B 13. D
14. A 14. B 14. A 14. B
15. D 15. C 15. D 15. A

201 202 203 204

1. A 1. B 1. C 1. C
2. C 2. A 2. B 2. A
3. B 3. D 3. A 3. D
4. D 4. C 4. B 4. B
5. A 5. D 5. C 5. D
6. D 6. C 6. A 6. C
7. B 7. B 7. D 7. A
8. C 8. C 8. B 8. D
9. B 9. A 9. D 9. B
10. D 10. D 10. C 10. C
11. C 11. A 11. A 11. A
12. A 12. B 12. D 12. D
13. C 13. C 13. A 13. B
14. B 14. B 14. B 14. A
15. D 15. A 15. C 15. C

205 206 207 208

1. A 1. D 1. C 1. D
2. C 2. C 2. A 2. B
3. A 3. B 3. D 3. A
4. D 4. A 4. B 4. D
5. B 5. D 5. D 5. C
6. C 6. C 6. A 6. D
7. D 7. B 7. C 7. B
8. C 8. A 8. D 8. A
9. A 9. B 9. B 9. C
10. B 10. D 10. D 10. B
11. D 11. A 11. B 11. A
12. B 12. C 12. A 12. C
13. D 13. B 13. B 13. A
14. A 14. C 14. C 14. D
15. B 15. D 15. A 15. C
209 210 211 212
1. C 1. A 1. C 1. D
2. A 2. C 2. A 2. B
3. D 3. D 3. C 3. A
4. B 4. C 4. B 4. C
5. C 5. B 5. D 5. D
6. B 6. D 6. A 6. B
7. D 7. B 7. C 7. A
8. A 8. A 8. D 8. C
9. C 9. C 9. C 9. A
10. A 10. D 10. A 10. B
11. D 11. C 11. D 11. C
12. B 12. B 12. B 12. A
13. A 13. A 13. C 13. D
14. C 14. B 14. D 14. B
15. D 15. D 15. A 15. C

213 214 215 216

1. C 1. A 1. A 1. B
2. D 2. C 2. B 2. C
3. B 3. B 3. D 3. A
4. C 4. D 4. B 4. B
5. A 5. A 5. D 5. D
6. C 6. B 6. A 6. C
7. D 7. C 7. C 7. A
8. C 8. B 8. A 8. D
9. A 9. D 9. C 9. B
10. B 10. C 10. D 10. C
11. A 11. A 11. B 11. D
12. B 12. B 12. D 12. A
13. A 13. D 13. A 13. D
14. D 14. C 14. C 14. A
15. C 15. D 15. B 15. C

217 218 219 220

1. C 1. C 1. B 1. D
2. B 2. A 2. C 2. B
3. A 3. C 3. A 3. A
4. D 4. B 4. D 4. C
5. B 5. D 5. B 5. B
6. D 6. B 6. D 6. D
7. C 7. D 7. B 7. A
8. D 8. A 8. A 8. D
9. B 9. D 9. D 9. B
10. D 10. B 10. C 10. C
11. A 11. C 11. B 11. A
12. C 12. A 12. A 12. C
13. B 13. C 13. C 13. D
14. A 14. D 14. D 14. A
15. C 15. A 15. A 15. B

229 230 231 232

1. D 1. A 1. A 1. B
2. C 2. C 2. B 2. A
3. A 3. B 3. D 3. C
4. B 4. D 4. A 4. D
5. A 5. C 5. C 5. C
6. B 6. B 6. A 6. D
7. D 7. C 7. C 7. B
8. C 8. A 8. B 8. C
9. A 9. B 9. D 9. A
10. B 10. D 10. C 10. D
11. C 11. A 11. D 11. A
12. D 12. B 12. C 12. C
13. C 13. D 13. D 13. B
14. D 14. A 14. B 14. D
15. B 15. C 15. A 15. A

233 234 235 236

1. D 1. A 1. D 1. D
2. B 2. C 2. C 2. B
3. A 3. B 3. B 3. D
4. B 4. D 4. A 4. C
5. A 5. C 5. B 5. B
6. B 6. A 6. D 6. A
7. C 7. B 7. A 7. D
8. A 8. A 8. C 8. A
9. D 9. C 9. B 9. C
10. C 10. D 10. D 10. B
11. A 11. B 11. A 11. C
12. D 12. D 12. C 12. A
13. C 13. C 13. A 13. B
14. B 14. D 14. D 14. D
15. C 15. A 15. B 15. A

237 238 239 240

1. D 1. C 1. C 1. A
2. A 2. D 2. D 2. D
3. D 3. A 3. B 3. A
4. B 4. C 4. D 4. B
5. D 5. B 5. C 5. C
6. B 6. D 6. A 6. D
7. C 7. B 7. B 7. C
8. A 8. D 8. A 8. D
9. C 9. A 9. B 9. C
10. A 10. B 10. C 10. B
11. B 11. D 11. D 11. A
12. A 12. A 12. A 12. D
13. C 13. C 13. B 13. C
14. B 14. B 14. D 14. A
15. C 15. C 15. A 15. B

221 222 223 224

1. A 1. D 1. B 1. A
2. B 2. B 2. A 2. C
3. A 3. D 3. C 3. A
4. D 4. B 4. B 4. D
5. C 5. C 5. D 5. B
6. D 6. A 6. C 6. C
7. B 7. D 7. A 7. A
8. D 8. A 8. D 8. D
9. A 9. C 9. C 9. B
10. C 10. A 10. A 10. A
11. B 11. B 11. B 11. C
12. A 12. D 12. D 12. D
13. D 13. A 13. C 13. B
14. B 14. B 14. D 14. C
15. C 15. C 15. A 15. B

225 226 227 228

1. D 1. C 1. C 1. A
2. A 2. D 2. D 2. D
3. D 3. A 3. B 3. A
4. B 4. C 4. D 4. B
5. D 5. B 5. C 5. C
6. B 6. D 6. A 6. D
7. C 7. B 7. B 7. C
8. A 8. D 8. A 8. D
9. C 9. A 9. B 9. C
10. A 10. B 10. C 10. B
11. B 11. D 11. D 11. A
12. A 12. A 12. A 12. D
13. C 13. C 13. B 13. C
14. B 14. B 14. D 14. A
15. C 15. C 15. A 15. B

241 242 243 244

1. B 1. B 1. A 1. A
2. C 2. C 2. C 2. C
3. B 3. B 3. D 3. B
4. D 4. C 4. B 4. C
5. A 5. A 5. D 5. A
6. B 6. D 6. C 6. D
7. A 7. B 7. A 7. B
8. C 8. A 8. B 8. A
9. D 9. C 9. C 9. D
10. C 10. D 10. B 10. C
11. B 11. A 11. D 11. B
12. D 12. D 12. A 12. C
13. C 13. A 13. B 13. D
14. A 14. B 14. A 14. B
15. D 15. C 15. D 15. A
245 246 247 248
1. A 1. B 1. C 1. C
2. C 2. A 2. B 2. A
3. B 3. D 3. A 3. D
4. D 4. C 4. B 4. B
5. A 5. D 5. C 5. D
6. D 6. C 6. A 6. C
7. B 7. B 7. D 7. A
8. C 8. C 8. B 8. D
9. B 9. A 9. D 9. B
10. D 10. D 10. C 10. C
11. C 11. A 11. A 11. A
12. A 12. B 12. D 12. D
13. C 13. C 13. A 13. B
14. B 14. B 14. B 14. A
15. D 15. A 15. D 15. C

249 250 251 252

1. A 1. D 1. C 1. D
2. C 2. C 2. A 2. B
3. A 3. D 3. D 3. A
4. D 4. A 4. B 4. D
5. B 5. B 5. D 5. C
6. C 6. C 6. A 6. D
7. D 7. B 7. C 7. B
8. C 8. A 8. D 8. A
9. A 9. B 9. B 9. C
10. B 10. D 10. D 10. B
11. D 11. A 11. B 11. A
12. B 12. C 12. A 12. C
13. D 13. B 13. B 13. A
14. A 14. C 14. C 14. D
15. B 15. D 15. A 15. C

253 254 255 256

1. C 1. A 1. B 1. D
2. A 2. C 2. A 2. B
3. D 3. D 3. C 3. A
4. B 4. C 4. B 4. C
5. C 5. B 5. D 5. D
6. B 6. D 6. A 6. B
7. D 7. B 7. C 7. A
8. A 8. A 8. D 8. C
9. C 9. C 9. C 9. A
10. A 10. D 10. A 10. B
11. D 11. C 11. D 11. C
12. B 12. B 12. B 12. A
13. A 13. A 13. C 13. D
14. C 14. B 14. D 14. B
15. D 15. D 15. A 15. C

257 258 259 260

1. C 1. A 1. D 1. B
2. D 2. C 2. B 2. C
3. B 3. B 3. A 3. A
4. C 4. D 4. B 4. B
5. A 5. A 5. D 5. D
6. C 6. B 6. A 6. C
7. D 7. C 7. C 7. A
8. C 8. B 8. A 8. D
9. A 9. D 9. C 9. B
10. B 10. C 10. D 10. C
11. A 11. A 11. B 11. D
12. B 12. B 12. D 12. A
13. A 13. D 13. A 13. D
14. D 14. C 14. C 14. A
15. B 15. D 15. B 15. C

261 262 263 264

1. C 1. C 1. B 1. D
2. B 2. A 2. C 2. B
3. A 3. C 3. A 3. A
4. D 4. B 4. D 4. C
5. B 5. D 5. B 5. B
6. D 6. B 6. D 6. D
7. C 7. D 7. B 7. A
8. D 8. A 8. A 8. D
9. B 9. D 9. D 9. B
10. D 10. B 10. C 10. C
11. A 11. C 11. B 11. A
12. B 12. A 12. A 12. C
13. C 13. C 13. C 13. D
14. A 14. B 14. D 14. A
15. C 15. D 15. A 15. B

265 266 267 268

1. A 1. D 1. B 1. A
2. B 2. B 2. A 2. C
3. A 3. D 3. C 3. A
4. D 4. B 4. B 4. D
5. C 5. C 5. D 5. B
6. D 6. A 6. C 6. C
7. B 7. D 7. A 7. A
8. D 8. A 8. D 8. D
9. A 9. C 9. C 9. B
10. C 10. A 10. A 10. A
11. B 11. B 11. B 11. C
12. A 12. D 12. D 12. D
13. D 13. A 13. C 13. B
14. B 14. B 14. D 14. C
15. C 15. C 15. A 15. B

269 270 271 272

1. D 1. C 1. C 1. A
2. A 2. D 2. D 2. D
3. D 3. A 3. B 3. A
4. B 4. C 4. D 4. B
5. D 5. B 5. C 5. C
6. B 6. D 6. A 6. D
7. C 7. C 7. B 7. B
8. A 8. D 8. A 8. D
9. C 9. A 9. B 9. C
10. A 10. B 10. C 10. B
11. B 11. D 11. D 11. A
12. A 12. A 12. A 12. D
13. C 13. C 13. B 13. C
14. D 14. B 14. D 14. A
15. C 15. C 15. A 15. B

273 274 275 276

1. D 1. A 1. A 1. B
2. C 2. C 2. B 2. A
3. A 3. B 3. D 3. C
4. B 4. D 4. A 4. D
5. A 5. C 5. C 5. C
6. B 6. B 6. A 6. D
7. D 7. C 7. C 7. B
8. C 8. A 8. B 8. C
9. A 9. B 9. D 9. A
10. B 10. D 10. C 10. D

277 278 279 280

1. D 1. A 1. D 1. D
2. B 2. C 2. C 2. B
3. A 3. B 3. B 3. D
4. B 4. D 4. A 4. C
5. A 5. C 5. B 5. B
6. B 6. A 6. D 6. A
7. C 7. B 7. A 7. D
8. A 8. A 8. C 8. A
9. C 9. C 9. B 9. C
10. D 10. D 10. D 10. B

281 282 283 284

1. B 1. B 1. A 1. A
2. C 2. C 2. C 2. C
3. B 3. B 3. D 3. B
4. D 4. C 4. B 4. C
5. A 5. A 5. D 5. A
6. B 6. D 6. C 6. D
7. A 7. B 7. A 7. B
8. C 8. A 8. B 8. A
9. D 9. C 9. C 9. D
10. C 10. D 10. D 10. C
285 286 287 288

1. A 1. D 1. D 1. A
2. D 2. B 2. C 2. C
3. C 3. D 3. D 3. B
4. D 4. A 4. A 4. D
5. B 5. C 5. B 5. B
6. A 6. B 6. A 6. C
7. D 7. A 7. C 7. A
8. C 8. C 8. A 8. B
9. B 9. D 9. D 9. D
10. C 10. A 10. B 10. A

289 290 291 292

1. B 1. D 1. A 1. B
2. D 2. B 2. C 2. A
3. A 3. A 3. D 3. D
4. C 4. C 4. C 4. A
5. A 5. D 5. A 5. B
6. D 6. C 6. D 6. D
7. B 7. B 7. B 7. A
8. A 8. A 8. C 8. D
9. C 9. B 9. D 9. B
10. D 10. D 10. B 10. C

293 294 295 296

1. B 1. B 1. D 1. A
2. C 2. D 2. B 2. B
3. A 3. A 3. D 3. D
4. C 4. B 4. A 4. C
5. D 5. C 5. C 5. A
6. C 6. A 6. A 6. D
7. A 7. D 7. C 7. B
8. B 8. C 8. D 8. C
9. D 9. A 9. B 9. D
10. C 10. B 10. C 10. A
11. A 11. C
12. B 12. B

297 298 299 300

1. B 1. D 1. B 1. C
2. C 2. C 2. A 2. D
3. B 3. A 3. C 3. B
4. A 4. C 4. A 4. A
5. C 5. B 5. D 5. C
6. A 6. A 6. C 6. B
7. D 7. C 7. D 7. D
8. C 8. D 8. B 8. A
9. D 9. A 9. A 9. D
10. B 10. D 10. D 10. B
11. D 11. B 11. C 11. C
12. A 12. C 12. B 12. A

301 302 303 304

1. A 1. D 1. B 1. A
2. B 2. B 2. A 2. C
3. A 3. D 3. C 3. A
4. D 4. B 4. B 4. D
5. C 5. C 5. D 5. B
6. D 6. A 6. C 6. C
7. B 7. D 7. A 7. B
8. D 8. A 8. D 8. D
9. A 9. C 9. B 9. B
10. C 10. A 10. A 10. A
11. B 11. B 11. C 11. C
12. C 12. C 12. D 12. D

305 306 307 308

1. D 1. C 1. C 1. A
2. A 2. D 2. D 2. D
3. D 3. A 3. B 3. A
4. B 4. C 4. D 4. B
5. D 5. B 5. C 5. C
6. B 6. D 6. A 6. D
7. C 7. B 7. B 7. B
8. A 8. D 8. A 8. D
9. C 9. A 9. B 9. C
10. A 10. B 10. C 10. B
11. B 11. C 11. D 11. A
12. C 12. A 12. A 12. C

309 310 311 312

1. D 1. A 1. C 1. B
2. B 2. B 2. D 2. C
3. D 3. C 3. B 3. B
4. C 4. A 4. A 4. C
5. B 5. D 5. C 5. D
6. A 6. A 6. B 6. A
7. D 7. D 7. A 7. D
8. A 8. B 8. D 8. A
9. C 9. C 9. A 9. D
10. A 10. B 10. B 10. A
11. D 11. D 11. A 11. B
12. B 12. B 12. D 12. A

313 314 315 316

1. A 1. D 1. D 1. A
2. C 2. B 2. A 2. C
3. A 3. D 3. C 3. A
4. D 4. B 4. B 4. D
5. C 5. C 5. D 5. B
6. D 6. A 6. C 6. C
7. B 7. D 7. A 7. A
8. D 8. A 8. D 8. D
9. A 9. C 9. C 9. B
10. C 10. A 10. A 10. A
11. B 11. B 11. B 11. C
12. A 12. C 12. C 12. B

317 318 319 320

1. D 1. C 1. B 1. A
2. A 2. D 2. D 2. D
3. D 3. A 3. C 3. A
4. B 4. C 4. D 4. B
5. D 5. B 5. C 5. C
6. B 6. D 6. A 6. D
7. C 7. B 7. B 7. B
8. A 8. D 8. A 8. D
9. C 9. A 9. B 9. C
10. A 10. B 10. C 10. B
11. B 11. C 11. D 11. A
12. C 12. A 12. A 12. D

321 322 323 324

1. D 1. C 1. C 1. B
2. A 2. D 2. D 2. C
3. D 3. A 3. B 3. B
4. B 4. C 4. A 4. C
5. D 5. B 5. C 5. D
6. B 6. D 6. D 6. A
7. C 7. B 7. A 7. D
8. A 8. D 8. D 8. A
9. C 9. A 9. B 9. C
10. A 10. B 10. D 10. A
11. B 11. C 11. B 11. B
12. C 12. A 12. C 12. D

325 326 327 328

1. A 1. D 1. B 1. A
2. B 2. B 2. A 2. C
3. A 3. D 3. C 3. A
4. D 4. B 4. B 4. D
5. C 5. C 5. D 5. B
6. D 6. A 6. C 6. C
7. B 7. D 7. A 7. A
8. D 8. A 8. D 8. D
9. A 9. C 9. C 9. B
10. C 10. A 10. A 10. A
11. B 11. B 11. B 11. C
12. C 12. C 12. C 12. B
329 330 331 332
1. D 1. C 1. C 1. A
2. A 2. D 2. D 2. D
3. D 3. A 3. B 3. A
4. B 4. C 4. D 4. B
5. D 5. B 5. C 5. C
6. B 6. D 6. A 6. D
7. C 7. B 7. B 7. B
8. A 8. D 8. A 8. D
9. C 9. A 9. B 9. C
10. A 10. B 10. C 10. B
11. B 11. C 11. D 11. A
12. C 12. A 12. A 12. D

333 334 335 336

1. D 1. A 1. C 1. B
2. B 2. D 2. D 2. C
3. D 3. C 3. C 3. B
4. C 4. A 4. A 4. C
5. B 5. C 5. C 5. D
6. A 6. A 6. B 6. C
7. C 7. D 7. A 7. D
8. B 8. B 8. D 8. A
9. D 9. C 9. A 9. D
10. A 10. B 10. D 10. A
11. C 11. D 11. B 11. B
12. A 12. B 12. D 12. A

337 338 339 340

1. A 1. D 1. B 1. A
2. B 2. B 2. A 2. C
3. A 3. D 3. C 3. A
4. D 4. B 4. B 4. D
5. C 5. C 5. D 5. B
6. D 6. A 6. C 6. C
7. B 7. D 7. A 7. A
8. D 8. A 8. D 8. D
9. A 9. C 9. C 9. B
10. C 10. A 10. A 10. A
11. B 11. B 11. B 11. C
12. C 12. D 12. D 12. B

341 342 343 344

1. D 1. C 1. C 1. A
2. A 2. D 2. D 2. D
3. D 3. A 3. B 3. A
4. B 4. C 4. B 4. B
5. D 5. B 5. C 5. C
6. B 6. D 6. A 6. D
7. C 7. B 7. B 7. B
8. A 8. D 8. A 8. D
9. C 9. A 9. B 9. C
10. A 10. B 10. C 10. B
11. B 11. C 11. D 11. A
12. C 12. A 12. A 12. D

345 346 347 348

1. D 1. A 1. C 1. B
2. B 2. B 2. B 2. C
3. D 3. C 3. A 3. B
4. C 4. A 4. D 4. C
5. B 5. D 5. B 5. D
6. A 6. C 6. D 6. A
7. C 7. D 7. C 7. C
8. A 8. C 8. D 8. A
9. C 9. B 9. A 9. D
10. A 10. C 10. C 10. A
11. C 11. D 11. A 11. B
12. B 12. A 12. B 12. D

349 350 351 352

1. A 1. D 1. B 1. A
2. B 2. B 2. A 2. C
3. A 3. D 3. C 3. A
4. D 4. B 4. B 4. D
5. C 5. C 5. D 5. B
6. D 6. A 6. C 6. C
7. B 7. C 7. A 7. A
8. C 8. A 8. D 8. D
9. A 9. C 9. C 9. B
10. C 10. A 10. A 10. A
11. B 11. B 11. B 11. C
12. A 12. D 12. D 12. B

353 354 355 356

1. D 1. C 1. C 1. A
2. A 2. D 2. D 2. D
3. D 3. A 3. B 3. A
4. B 4. C 4. D 4. B
5. D 5. B 5. C 5. C
6. B 6. D 6. A 6. D
7. C 7. B 7. B 7. B
8. A 8. D 8. A 8. D
9. C 9. A 9. B 9. C
10. A 10. B 10. C 10. B
11. B 11. C 11. D 11. A
12. C 12. A 12. A 12. D

357 358 359 360

1. D 1. A 1. C 1. B
2. A 2. B 2. D 2. C
3. D 3. D 3. A 3. B
4. C 4. A 4. B 4. C
5. B 5. C 5. C 5. D
6. A 6. A 6. B 6. C
7. D 7. D 7. A 7. D
8. B 8. B 8. D 8. A
9. C 9. C 9. A 9. B
10. A 10. B 10. D 10. A
11. C 11. D 11. C 11. C
12. B 12. B 12. D 12. A

361 362 363 364

1. D 1. A 1. A 1. B
2. C 2. C 2. B 2. A
3. A 3. B 3. D 3. C
4. B 4. D 4. A 4. D
5. A 5. C 5. C 5. C
6. C 6. B 6. A 6. D
7. D 7. C 7. C 7. B
8. C 8. A 8. B 8. C
9. A 9. B 9. D 9. A
10. B 10. D 10. C 10. D
11. C 11. A 11. D 11. A
12. D 12. B 12. C 12. C
365 366 367 368
1. D 1. A 1. D 1. D
2. B 2. C 2. C 2. B
3. A 3. B 3. B 3. D
4. B 4. D 4. A 4. C
5. A 5. C 5. B 5. B
6. B 6. A 6. D 6. A
7. C 7. B 7. A 7. D
8. A 8. A 8. C 8. A
9. D 9. C 9. B 9. C
10. C 10. D 10. D 10. B
11. A 11. B 11. A 11. C
12. D 12. D 12. C 12. A

369 370 371 372

1. B 1. B 1. A 1. A
2. C 2. C 2. C 2. C
3. B 3. B 3. D 3. B
4. D 4. C 4. B 4. C
5. A 5. A 5. D 5. A
6. B 6. D 6. C 6. D
7. A 7. B 7. A 7. B
8. C 8. A 8. B 8. A
9. D 9. C 9. C 9. D
10. C 10. D 10. B 10. C
11. B 11. A 11. D 11. B
12. D 12. D 12. A 12. C
373 374 375 376
1. A 1. B 1. C 1. C
2. C 2. A 2. B 2. A
3. B 3. D 3. A 3. D
4. D 4. C 4. B 4. B
 5. A 5. D 5. C 5. D
6. D 6. C 6. A 6. C
7. B 7. B 7. D 7. A
8. C 8. C 8. B 8. D
9. B 9. A 9. D 9. B
10. D 10. D 10. C 10. C
11. C 11. A 11. A 11. A
12. A 12. B 12. D 12. D

377 378 379 380

1. A 1. D 1. C 1. D
2. C 2. C 2. A 2. B
3. A 3. B 3. D 3. A
4. D 4. A 4. B 4. D
5. B 5. D 5. D 5. C
6. C 6. C 6. A 6. D
7. D 7. B 7. C 7. B
8. C 8. A 8. D 8. A
9. A 9. B 9. C 9. C
10. B 10. D 10. D 10. B
11. D 11. A 11. B 11. A
12. B 12. C 12. A 12. C

381 382 383 384

1. C 1. A 1. B 1. D
2. A 2. C 2. A 2. B
3. D 3. D 3. C 3. A
4. B 4. C 4. B 4. C
5. C 5. B 5. D 5. D
6. B 6. D 6. A 6. B
7. D 7. B 7. C 7. A
8. A 8. A 8. D 8. C
9. C 9. C 9. C 9. A
10. A 10. D 10. A 10. B
 11. D 11. C 11. D 11. C
12. B 12. B 12. B 12. A

385 386 387 388

1. C 1. A 1. A 1. B
2. D 2. C 2. B 2. C
3. B 3. B 3. D 3. A
4. C 4. D 4. B 4. B
5. A 5. A 5. D 5. D
6. C 6. B 6. A 6. C
7. D 7. C 7. C 7. A
8. C 8. B 8. A 8. D
9. A 9. D 9. C 9. B
10. B 10. C 10. D 10. C
11. A 11. A 11. B 11. D
12. B 12. B 12. D 12. A

389 390 391 392

1. C 1. C 1. B 1. D
2. B 2. A 2. C 2. B
3. A 3. C 3. A 3. A
4. D 4. B 4. D 4. C
5. B 5. D 5. B 5. B
6. D 6. B 6. C 6. D
7. C 7. D 7. B 7. A
8. D 8. A 8. A 8. D
9. B 9. D 9. D 9. B
10. D 10. B 10. C 10. C
11. A 11. C 11. B 11. A
12. C 12. A 12. A 12. C

393 394 395 396

1. A 1. D 1. B 1. A
2. B 2. B 2. A 2. C
 3. A 3. D 3. C 3. A
4. D 4. B 4. B 4. D
5. C 5. C 5. D 5. B
6. D 6. A 6. C 6. C
7. B 7. D 7. A 7. A
8. D 8. A 8. D 8. D
9. A 9. C 9. C 9. B
10. C 10. A 10. A 10. A
11. B 11. B 11. B 11. C
12. A 12. D 12. D 12. D

397 398 399 400

1. D 1. C 1. C 1. A
2. A 2. D 2. D 2. D
3. D 3. A 3. B 3. D
4. B 4. C 4. D 4. B
5. D 5. B 5. C 5. C
6. B 6. D 6. A 6. A
7. C 7. B 7. B 7. B
8. A 8. D 8. A 8. D
9. C 9. A 9. B 9. C
10. A 10. B 10. C 10. B
11. B 11. D 11. D 11. A
12. A 12. A 12. A 12. D

401 402 403 404

1. D 1. A 1. A 1. B
2. C 2. C 2. B 2. A
3. A 3. B 3. D 3. C
4. B 4. D 4. A 4. D
5. A 5. C 5. C 5. C
6. B 6. B 6. A 6. D
7. D 7. C 7. C 7. B
8. C 8. A 8. B 8. C
 9. A 9. B 9. D 9. A
10. B 10. D 10. C 10. D
11. C 11. A 11. D 11. A
12. D 12. B 12. C 12. C

405 406 407 408

1. D 1. A 1. D 1. D
2. B 2. C 2. C 2. B
3. A 3. B 3. B 3. D
4. B 4. D 4. A 4. C
5. A 5. C 5. B 5. B
6. B 6. A 6. D 6. A
7. C 7. B 7. A 7. D
8. A 8. A 8. C 8. A
9. D 9. C 9. B 9. C
10. C 10. D 10. D 10. B
11. A 11. B 11. A 11. C
12. D 12. D 12. C 12. A

409 410 411 412

1. D 1. A 1. A 1. A
2. B 2. C 2. C 2. C
3. A 3. B 3. D 3. B
4. B 4. C 4. B 4. C
5. A 5. A 5. D 5. A
6. B 6. D 6. C 6. D
7. C 7. B 7. A 7. B
8. A 8. A 8. B 8. A
9. D 9. C 9. C 9. D
10. C 10. D 10. B 10. C
11. A 11. A 11. D 11. B
12. D 12. D 12. A 12. C
413 414 415 416
1. A 1. B 1. C 1. C
2. C 2. A 2. B 2. A
3. B 3. D 3. A 3. D
4. D 4. C 4. B 4. B
5. A 5. D 5. C 5. D
6. D 6. C 6. A 6. C
7. B 7. B 7. D 7. A
8. C 8. C 8. B 8. D
9. B 9. A 9. D 9. B
10. D 10. D 10. C 10. C
11. C 11. A 11. A 11. A
12. A 12. B 12. D 12. D

417 418 419 420

1. A 1. D 1. C 1. D
2. C 2. C 2. A 2. B
3. A 3. B 3. D 3. A
4. D 4. A 4. B 4. D
5. B 5. D 5. D 5. C
6. C 6. C 6. A 6. D
7. D 7. B 7. C 7. B
8. C 8. A 8. D 8. A
9. A 9. B 9. B 9. C
10. B 10. D 10. D 10. B
11. D 11. A 11. B 11. A
12. B 12. C 12. A 12. C

421 422 423 424

1. C 1. A 1. B 1. D
2. A 2. C 2. A 2. B
3. D 3. D 3. C 3. A
4. B 4. C 4. B 4. C
 5. C 5. B 5. D 5. D
6. B 6. D 6. A 6. B
7. D 7. B 7. C 7. A
8. A 8. A 8. D 8. C
9. C 9. C 9. C 9. A
10. A 10. D 10. A 10. B
11. D 11. C 11. D 11. C
12. B 12. B 12. B 12. A

425 426 427 428

1. C 1. A 1. A 1. B
2. D 2. C 2. B 2. C
3. B 3. B 3. D 3. A
4. C 4. D 4. B 4. B
5. A 5. A 5. D 5. D
6. C 6. B 6. A 6. C
7. D 7. C 7. C 7. A
8. C 8. B 8. A 8. D
9. A 9. D 9. C 9. B
10. B 10. C 10. D 10. C
11. A 11. A 11. C 11. D
12. B 12. B 12. D 12. A

429 430 431 432

1. C 1. C 1. B 1. D
2. B 2. A 2. C 2. B
3. A 3. C 3. A 3. A
4. D 4. B 4. D 4. C
5. B 5. D 5. B 5. B
6. D 6. B 6. D 6. D
7. C 7. D 7. B 7. A
8. D 8. A 8. A 8. D
9. C 9. D 9. D 9. B
10. D 10. B 10. C 10. C
 11. A 11. C 11. B 11. A
12. C 12. A 12. A 12. C

433 434 435 436

1. A 1. D 1. B 1. A
2. B 2. B 2. A 2. C
3. A 3. D 3. C 3. A
4. D 4. B 4. B 4. D
5. C 5. C 5. D 5. B
6. D 6. A 6. C 6. C
7. B 7. D 7. A 7. A
8. D 8. A 8. D 8. D
9. A 9. C 9. C 9. B
10. C 10. A 10. A 10. A
11. B 11. B 11. B 11. C
12. A 12. D 12. D 12. D

437 438 439 440

1. D 1. C 1. C 1. A
2. A 2. D 2. D 2. D
3. D 3. A 3. B 3. A
4. B 4. C 4. D 4. B
5. D 5. B 5. C 5. C
6. B 6. D 6. A 6. D
7. C 7. B 7. B 7. B
8. A 8. D 8. A 8. D
9. C 9. A 9. B 9. C
10. A 10. B 10. C 10. B
11. B 11. D 11. D 11. A
12. A 12. A 12. A 12. D

441 442 443 444

1. C 1. C 1. B 1. D
2. B 2. A 2. C 2. B
 3. A 3. C 3. A 3. A
4. D 4. B 4. D 4. C
5. B 5. D 5. B 5. B
6. D 6. B 6. D 6. D
7. C 7. D 7. B 7. A
8. D 8. A 8. A 8. D
9. B 9. D 9. D 9. B
10. D 10. B 10. C 10. C
11. A 11. C 11. B 11. A
12. C 12. A 12. A 12. C

445 446 447 448

1. D 1. A 1. A 1. B
2. B 2. C 2. B 2. A
3. A 3. B 3. D 3. C
4. B 4. D 4. A 4. D
5. A 5. C 5. C 5. C
6. B 6. B 6. A 6. D
7. D 7. C 7. C 7. B
8. C 8. A 8. B 8. C
9. A 9. B 9. D 9. A
10. B 10. D 10. C 10. D
11. C 11. A 11. D 11. A
12. D 12. B 12. C 12. C

449 450 451 452

1. D 1. A 1. D 1. D
2. B 2. C 2. C 2. B
3. A 3. B 3. B 3. D
4. B 4. D 4. A 4. C
5. A 5. C 5. B 5. B
6. B 6. A 6. D 6. A
7. C 7. B 7. A 7. D
8. A 8. A 8. C 8. A
 9. D 9. C 9. B 9. C
10. C 10. D 10. D 10. B
11. A 11. B 11. A 11. C
12. D 12. D 12. C 12. A

453 454 455 456

1. B 1. B 1. A 1. A
2. C 2. C 2. C 2. C
3. B 3. B 3. D 3. B
4. D 4. C 4. B 4. C
5. A 5. A 5. D 5. A
6. B 6. D 6. C 6. D
7. A 7. B 7. A 7. B
8. C 8. A 8. B 8. A
9. D 9. C 9. C 9. D
10. C 10. D 10. B 10. C
11. B 11. A 11. D 11. B
12. D 12. D 12. A 12. C

457 458 459 460

1. A 1. B 1. C 1. C
2. C 2. A 2. B 2. A
3. B 3. D 3. A 3. D
4. D 4. C 4. B 4. B
5. A 5. D 5. C 5. D
6. D 6. C 6. A 6. C
7. B 7. B 7. D 7. A
8. C 8. C 8. B 8. D
9. B 9. A 9. D 9. B
10. D 10. D 10. C 10. C
11. C 11. A 11. A 11. A
12. A 12. B 12. D 12. D
13. A 13. C 13. A 13. B
14. B 14. B 14. B 14. A
 15. D 15. A 15. D 15. C
461 462 463 464
1. A 1. D 1. C 1. D
2. C 2. C 2. A 2. B
3. A 3. B 3. D 3. A
4. D 4. A 4. B 4. D
5. B 5. D 5. D 5. C
6. C 6. C 6. A 6. D
7. D 7. B 7. C 7. B
8. C 8. A 8. D 8. A
9. A 9. B 9. B 9. C
10. B 10. D 10. D 10. B
11. D 11. A 11. B 11. A
12. B 12. C 12. A 12. C
13. D 13. B 13. B 13. A
14. A 14. C 14. C 14. D
15. B 15. D 15. A 15. C

465 466 467 468

1. C 1. A 1. B 1. D
2. A 2. C 2. A 2. B
3. D 3. D 3. C 3. A
4. B 4. C 4. B 4. C
5. C 5. B 5. D 5. D
6. B 6. D 6. A 6. B
7. D 7. B 7. C 7. A
8. A 8. A 8. D 8. C
9. C 9. C 9. C 9. A
10. A 10. D 10. A 10. B
11. D 11. C 11. D 11. C
12. B 12. B 12. B 12. A
13. A 13. A 13. C 13. D
 14. C 14. B 14. D 14. B
15. D 15. D 15. A 15. C

469 470 471 472

1. C 1. A 1. A 1. B
2. D 2. C 2. B 2. C
3. B 3. B 3. D 3. A
4. C 4. D 4. B 4. B
5. A 5. A 5. D 5. D
6. C 6. B 6. A 6. C
7. D 7. C 7. C 7. A
8. C 8. B 8. A 8. D
9. A 9. D 9. C 9. B
10. B 10. C 10. D 10. C
11. A 11. A 11. B 11. D
12. B 12. B 12. D 12. A
13. A 13. D 13. A 13. D
14. D 14. C 14. C 14. A
15. B 15. D 15. B 15. C

1. C 1. C 1. B 1. D
2. B 2. A 2. C 2. B
3. A 3. C 3. A 3. A
473 4. D 474 4. B 475 4. D 476 4. C
5. BB
13. 5. CD
13. 5. CB
13. 5. DB
13.
6. AD
14. 6. BB
14. 6. DD
14. 6. AD
14.
7. CC
15. 7. DD
15. 7. AB
15. 7. BA
15.
8. D 8. A 8. A 8. D
477 9. B 478 9. D 479 9. D 480 9. XB
1.10. AD 1.10. DB 1.10. BC 1.10. AC
2.11. BA 2.11. BC 2.11. AB 2.11. CA
3.12. AC 3.12. DA 3.12. CA 3.12. AC
4. D 4. B 4. B 4. D
 5. C 5. C 5. D 5. B
6. D 6. A 6. C 6. C
7. B 7. D 7. A 7. A
8. D 8. A 8. D 8. D
9. A 9. C 9. C 9. B
10. C 10. A 10. A 10. A
11. B 11. B 11. B 11. C
12. A 12. D 12. D 12. D
13. D 13. A 13. C 13. B
14. B 14. B 14. D 14. C
15. C 15. C 15. A 15. B

481 482 483 484

1. D 1. C 1. C 1. A
2. A 2. D 2. D 2. D
3. D 3. A 3. B 3. A
4. B 4. C 4. D 4. B
5. D 5. B 5. C 5. C
6. B 6. D 6. A 6. D
7. C 7. B 7. B 7. C
8. A 8. D 8. A 8. D
9. C 9. A 9. B 9. C
10. A 10. B 10. C 10. B
11. B 11. D 11. D 11. A
12. A 12. A 12. A 12. D
13. C 13. C 13. B 13. C
14. B 14. B 14. D 14. A
15. C 15. C 15. A 15. B

485 486 487 488

1. D 1. A 1. A 1. B
2. C 2. C 2. B 2. A
3. A 3. B 3. D 3. C
4. B 4. D 4. A 4. D
 5. A 5. C 5. C 5. C
6. B 6. B 6. A 6. D
7. D 7. C 7. C 7. B
8. C 8. A 8. B 8. C
9. A 9. B 9. D 9. A
10. B 10. D 10. C 10. D
11. C 11. A 11. D 11. A
12. D 12. B 12. C 12. C
13. C 13. D 13. D 13. B
14. D 14. A 14. B 14. D
15. B 15. C 15. A 15. A

489 490 491 492

1. D 1. A 1. D 1. D
2. B 2. C 2. C 2. B
3. A 3. B 3. B 3. D
4. B 4. D 4. A 4. C
5. A 5. C 5. B 5. B
6. B 6. A 6. D 6. A
7. C 7. B 7. A 7. D
8. A 8. A 8. C 8. A
9. D 9. C 9. B 9. C
10. C 10. D 10. D 10. B
11. A 11. B 11. A 11. C
12. D 12. D 12. C 12. A
13. C 13. C 13. A 13. B
14. B 14. D 14. D 14. D
15. C 15. A 15. B 15. A

493 494 495 496

1. D 1. C 1. C 1. A
2. A 2. D 2. D 2. D
3. D 3. A 3. B 3. A
4. B 4. C 4. D 4. B
 5. D 5. B 5. C 5. C
6. B 6. D 6. A 6. D
7. C 7. B 7. B 7. B
8. A 8. D 8. A 8. D
9. C 9. A 9. B 9. C
10. A 10. B 10. C 10. B
11. B 11. D 11. D 11. A
12. A 12. A 12. A 12. D
13. C 13. C 13. B 13. C
14. B 14. B 14. D 14. A
15. C 15. C 15. A 15. B

497 498 499 500

1. B 1. B 1. A 1. A
2. C 2. C 2. C 2. C
3. B 3. B 3. D 3. B
4. D 4. C 4. B 4. C
5. A 5. A 5. D 5. A
6. B 6. D 6. C 6. D
7. A 7. B 7. A 7. B
8. C 8. A 8. B 8. A
9. D 9. C 9. C 9. D
10. C 10. D 10. B 10. C
11. B 11. A 11. D 11. B
12. D 12. D 12. A 12. C
13. C 13. A 13. B 13. D
14. A 14. B 14. A 14. B
15. D 15. C 15. D 15. A

501 502 503 504

1. A 1. B 1. C 1. C
2. C 2. A 2. B 2. A
3. B 3. D 3. A 3. D
4. D 4. C 4. B 4. B
 5. A 5. D 5. C 5. D
6. D 6. C 6. A 6. C
7. B 7. B 7. D 7. A
8. C 8. C 8. B 8. D
9. B 9. A 9. D 9. B
10. D 10. D 10. C 10. C
11. C 11. A 11. A 11. A
12. A 12. B 12. D 12. D
13. C 13. C 13. A 13. B
14. B 14. B 14. B 14. A
15. D 15. A 15. D 15. C

505 506 507 508

1. A 1. D 1. C 1. D
2. C 2. C 2. A 2. B
3. A 3. D 3. D 3. A
4. D 4. A 4. B 4. D
5. B 5. B 5. D 5. C
6. C 6. C 6. A 6. D
7. D 7. B 7. C 7. B
8. C 8. A 8. D 8. A
9. A 9. B 9. B 9. C
10. B 10. D 10. D 10. B
11. D 11. A 11. B 11. A
12. B 12. C 12. A 12. C
13. D 13. B 13. B 13. A
14. A 14. C 14. C 14. D
15. B 15. D 15. A 15. C

509 510 511 512

1. C 1. A 1. B 1. D
2. A 2. C 2. A 2. B
3. D 3. D 3. C 3. A
4. B 4. C 4. B 4. C
 5. C 5. B 5. D 5. D
6. B 6. D 6. A 6. B
7. D 7. B 7. C 7. A
8. A 8. A 8. D 8. C
9. C 9. C 9. C 9. A
10. A 10. D 10. A 10. B
11. D 11. C 11. D 11. C
12. B 12. B 12. B 12. A
13. A 13. A 13. C 13. D
14. C 14. B 14. D 14. B
15. D 15. D 15. A 15. C

513 514 515 516

1. C 1. A 1. D 1. B
2. D 2. C 2. B 2. C
3. B 3. B 3. A 3. A
4. C 4. D 4. B 4. B
5. A 5. A 5. D 5. D
6. C 6. B 6. A 6. C
7. D 7. C 7. C 7. A
8. C 8. B 8. A 8. D
9. A 9. D 9. C 9. B
10. B 10. C 10. D 10. C
11. A 11. A 11. B 11. D
12. B 12. B 12. D 12. A
13. A 13. D 13. A 13. D
14. D 14. C 14. C 14. A
15. B 15. D 15. B 15. C

517 518 519 520

1. C 1. C 1. B 1. D
2. B 2. A 2. C 2. B
3. A 3. C 3. A 3. A
4. D 4. B 4. D 4. C
 5. B 5. D 5. B 5. B
6. D 6. B 6. D 6. D
7. C 7. D 7. B 7. A
8. D 8. A 8. A 8. D
9. B 9. D 9. D 9. B
10. D 10. B 10. C 10. C
11. A 11. C 11. B 11. A
12. B 12. A 12. A 12. C
13. C 13. C 13. C 13. D
14. A 14. B 14. D 14. A
15. C 15. D 15. A 15. B

521 522 523 524

1. A 1. D 1. B 1. A
2. B 2. B 2. A 2. C
3. A 3. D 3. C 3. A
4. D 4. B 4. B 4. C
5. C 5. C 5. D 5. B
6. D 6. A 6. C 6. D
7. B 7. D 7. A 7. A
8. D 8. A 8. D 8. D
9. A 9. C 9. C 9. B
10. C 10. A 10. A 10. A
11. B 11. B 11. B 11. C
12. A 12. D 12. D 12. D
13. D 13. A 13. C 13. B
14. B 14. B 14. D 14. C
15. C 15. C 15. A 15. B

525 526 527 528

1. D 1. C 1. C 1. A
2. A 2. D 2. D 2. D
3. D 3. A 3. B 3. A
4. B 4. C 4. D 4. B
 5. D 5. B 5. C 5. C
6. B 6. D 6. A 6. D
7. C 7. B 7. B 7. B
8. A 8. D 8. A 8. D
9. C 9. A 9. B 9. C
10. A 10. B 10. C 10. B
11. B 11. D 11. D 11. A
12. A 12. A 12. A 12. D
13. C 13. C 13. B 13. C
14. B 14. B 14. D 14. A
15. C 15. C 15. A 15. B

529 530 531 532

1. A 1. B 1. C 1. C
2. C 2. A 2. B 2. A
3. B 3. D 3. A 3. D
4. D 4. C 4. B 4. B
5. A 5. D 5. C 5. D
6. D 6. C 6. A 6. C
7. B 7. B 7. D 7. A
8. C 8. C 8. B 8. D
9. B 9. A 9. D 9. B
10. D 10. D 10. C 10. C
11. A 11. B 11. D 11. D
12. C 12. C 12. C 12. B
13. B 13. B 13. B 13. A
14. D 14. D 14. D 14. C
15. B 15. A 15. C 15. B

533 534 535 536

1. A 1. D 1. C 1. D
2. C 2. C 2. A 2. B
3. A 3. B 3. D 3. A
4. D 4. A 4. B 4. D
 5. B 5. D 5. D 5. C
6. C 6. C 6. A 6. D
7. D 7. B 7. C 7. B
8. C 8. A 8. A 8. A
9. A 9. B 9. B 9. C
10. B 10. D 10. D 10. B
11. C 11. A 11. A 11. A
12. D 12. D 12. A 12. C
13. C 13. A 13. B 13. D
14. A 14. B 14. A 14. B
15. D 15. C 15. D 15. A

537 538 539 540

1. D 1. A 1. D 1. A
2. B 2. D 2. A 2. C
3. D 3. B 3. B 3. A
4. A 4. C 4. C 4. D
5. B 5. D 5. A 5. B
6. C 6. A 6. B 6. D
7. A 7. C 7. A 7. B
8. D 8. D 8. C 8. A
9. B 9. C 9. B 9. C
10. C 10. B 10. D 10. D
11. C 11. C 11. A 11. D
12. D 12. B 12. C 12. B
13. C 13. A 13. A 13. A
14. A 14. B 14. B 14. C
15. B 15. D 15. D 15. B

541 542 543 544

1. A 1. B 1. C 1. C
2. C 2. A 2. B 2. A
3. B 3. D 3. A 3. D
4. D 4. C 4. B 4. B
 5. A 5. D 5. C 5. D
6. C 6. C 6. A 6. D
7. D 7. B 7. C 7. B
8. C 8. A 8. D 8. A
9. A 9. B 9. B 9. C
10. B 10. D 10. D 10. B
11. C 11. A 11. A 11. A
12. A 12. B 12. D 12. D
13. A 13. C 13. A 13. B
14. B 14. B 14. B 14. A
15. D 15. A 15. D 15. C

545 546 547 548

1. A 1. C 1. C 1. D
2. C 2. D 2. A 2. B
3. A 3. B 3. D 3. A
4. D 4. A 4. B 4. D
5. B 5. D 5. D 5. C
6. D 6. C 6. A 6. C
7. B 7. B 7. D 7. A
8. C 8. C 8. B 8. D
9. B 9. A 9. D 9. B
10. D 10. D 10. C 10. C
11. D 11. A 11. B 11. A
12. B 12. C 12. A 12. C
13. D 13. B 13. B 13. A
14. A 14. C 14. C 14. D
15. B 15. D 15. A 15. C

549 550 551 552

1. C 1. A 1. B 1. D
2. A 2. C 2. A 2. B
3. D 3. D 3. C 3. A
4. B 4. C 4. B 4. C
 5. C 5. B 5. D 5. D
6. C 6. B 6. A 6. C
7. D 7. C 7. C 7. A
8. C 8. B 8. A 8. D
9. A 9. D 9. C 9. B
10. B 10. C 10. D 10. C
11. D 11. C 11. D 11. C
12. B 12. B 12. B 12. A
13. A 13. A 13. C 13. D
14. C 14. B 14. D 14. B
15. D 15. D 15. A 15. C

553 554 555

1. C 1. A 1. A .
2. D 2. C 2. B .
3. B 3. B 3. D
4. C 4. D 4. B .
5. A 5. A 5. D
6. B 6. D 6. A
.
7. D 7. B 7. C
8. A 8. A 8. D
9. C 9. C 9. C
10. A 10. D 10. A
11. A 11. A 11. B
12. B 12. B 12. D
13. A 13. D 13. A
14. D 14. C 14. C
15. B 15. D 15. B