ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

In an industry a considerable portion of investment is being made for machinery

installation. So in this project we have a proposed a machine which can perform
operations like cutting, shaping simultaneously which implies that industrialist have not
to pay for machine performing above tasks individually for operating operation
simultaneously. This paper presents the concept of Multi-Function Operating Machine
mainly carried out for production based industries.

We have developed multi purpose machine which would be capable of

performing different operations simultaneously and is also economically efficient. In
this machine we are actually giving drive to the main shaft to which scotch yoke
mechanism is directly attached, scotch yoke mechanism is used for sawing operation
and shaping operation powered by a AC motor.
LIST OF FIGURES
Chapter: 1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 INTRODUCTION
Multi-operation machine as a research area is motivated by questions that arise in
industrial Manufacturing, production planning, and computer control. Consider a large
automotive garage with specialized shops.
A car may require the following work like replace exhaust system, align wheels
and tune up. These three tasks may be carried out in any order. However, since the
exhaust system, alignment and tune-up shops are in different buildings, it is impossible
to perform two tasks for a car simultaneously. When there are many cars requiring
services at the three shops, it is desirable to construct a service schedule that takes the
least amount of total time .Industries are basically meant for Production of useful goods
and services at low production cost, machinery cost and low inventory cost.
Today in this world every task have been made quicker and fast due to technology
advancement but this advancement also demands huge investments and expenditure.
Every industry desires to make high productivity rate maintaining the quality and
standard of the product at low average cost. In an industry a considerable portion of
investment is being made for machinery installation.
1.2 AIM OF PROJECT
Chapter: 2
MECHANISM OF MULTI PURPOSE MACHINE

OBJECTIVE

THEORY
SCOTCH YOKE MECHANISM
The Scotch yoke (also known as slotted link mechanism is a reciprocating
motion mechanism, converting the linear motion of a slider into rotational motion, or
vice versa. The piston or other reciprocating part is directly coupled to a
sliding yoke with a slot that engages a pin on the rotating part. The location of the piston
versus time is a sine wave of constant amplitude, and constant frequency given a
constant rotational speed.

Applications
This setup is most commonly used in control valve actuators in high-pressure oil and
gas pipelines.
Although not a common metalworking machine nowadays, crude shapers can use
Scotch yokes. Almost all those use a Whitworth linkage, which gives a slow speed
forward cutting stroke and a faster return.
It has been used in various internal combustion engines, such as the Bourke engine,
SyTech engine and many hot air engines and steam engines.
The term scotch yoke continues to be used when the slot in the yoke is shorter than the
diameter of the circle made by the crank pin. For example, the side rods of a locomotive
may have scotch yokes to permit vertical motion of intermediate driving axles.
Chapter: 3 DESIGN OF MACHINE
3.1 COMPONENTS
An induction motor is an AC electric motor in which the electric current in
the rotor needed to produce torque is obtained by electromagnetic induction from
the magnetic field of the stator winding. An induction motor can therefore be made
without electrical connections to the rotor. An induction motor's rotor can be
either wound type or squirrel-cage type.
Three-phase squirrel-cage induction motors are widely used in industrial drives
because they are rugged, reliable and economical. Single-phase induction motors are
used extensively for smaller loads, such as household appliances like fans. Although
traditionally used in fixed-speed service, induction motors are increasingly being used
with variable-frequency drives (VFDs) in variable-speed service.
VFDs offer especially important energy savings opportunities for existing and
prospective induction motors in variable-torque centrifugal fan, pump and compressor
load applications. Squirrel cage induction motors are very widely used in both fixed-
speed and variable-frequency drive (VFD) applications.

Parts of a Single Phase Induction Motor

The main components of a single phase motor are the rotor and stator winding. The
rotor is the rotating part, the stator winding helps in rotating the rotor. In Fig. the iron
layer lamina which is fitted inside rotor is not shown, for better viewing of the rotor
bars.

The winding has got 2 parts; One main winding and an auxiliary winding. The
auxiliary winding is placed perpendicular to the main winding. A capacitor is connected
to the auxiliary winding.

Fig.Single phase motor has got 2 perpendicularly placed wingdings

HACK SAW
A hacksaw is a fine-tooth hand saw with a blade held under tension in a frame, used
for cutting materials such as metal or plastics. Hand-held hacksaws consist of a metal
arch with a handle, usually a pistol grip, with pins for attaching a narrow disposable
blade.
A screw or other mechanism is used to put the thin blade under tension. The blade
can be mounted with the teeth facing toward or away from the handle, resulting in
cutting action on either the push or pull stroke. On the push stroke, the arch will flex
slightly, decreasing the tension on the blade, often resulting in an increased tendency of
the blade to buckle and crack. Cutting on the pull stroke increases the blade tension and
will result in greater control of the cut and longer blade life.
SHAPING TOOL
VICES
BALL BEARING
A ball bearing is a type of rolling-element bearing that uses balls to maintain the
separation between the bearing races.
The purpose of a ball bearing is to reduce rotational friction and
support radial and axial loads. It achieves this by using at least two races to contain the
balls and transmit the loads through the balls. In most applications, one race is
stationary and the other is attached to the rotating assembly (e.g., a hub or shaft). As one
of the bearing races rotates it causes the balls to rotate as well. Because the balls are
rolling they have a much lower coefficient of friction than if two flat surfaces were
sliding against each other.
Ball bearings tend to have lower load capacity for their size than other kinds of rolling-
element bearings due to the smaller contact area between the balls and races. However,
they can tolerate some misalignment of the inner and outer races.

Pillow block bearing

A pillow block usually refers to a housing with an included anti-friction bearing. A
pillow block refers to any mounted bearing wherein the mounted shaft is in a parallel
plane to the mounting surface, and perpendicular to the center line of the mounting
holes, as contrasted with various types of flange blocks or flange units. A pillow block
may contain a bearing with one of several types of rolling elements, including ball,
cylindrical roller, spherical roller, tapered roller, or metallic or synthetic bushing. The
type of rolling element defines the type of pillow block. These differ from "plumber
blocks" which are bearing housings supplied without any bearings and are usually
meant for higher load ratings and a separately installed bearing.
The fundamental application of both types is the same, which is to mount a bearing
safely enabling its outer ring to be stationary while allowing rotation of the inner ring.
The housing is bolted to a foundation through the holes in the base. Bearing housings
may be either split type or solid type. Split type housings are usually two-piece housings
where the cap and base may be detached, while others may be single-piece housings.
Various sealing arrangements may be provided to prevent dust and other contaminants
from entering the housing. Thus the housing provides a clean environment for the
environmentally sensitive bearing to rotate free from contaminants while also retaining
lubrication, either oil or grease, hence increasing its performance and duty cycle.
Bearing housings are usually made of grey cast iron. However, various grades of
metals can be used to manufacture the same, including ductile iron, steel, stainless steel,
and various types of thermoplastics and polyethylene-based plastics. The bearing
element may be manufactured from 52100 chromium steel alloy (the most common),
stainless steel, plastic, or bushing materials such as SAE660 cast bronze, or SAE841 oil
impregnated sintered bronze, or synthetic materials.

MAINTENANCE AND LUBRICATION:

Many bearings require periodic maintenance to prevent premature failure, although
some such as fluid or magnetic bearings may require little maintenance. Most bearings
in high cycle operations need periodic lubrication and cleaning, and may require
adjustment to minimize the effects of wear.
 Bearing life is often much better when the bearing is kept clean and well-
lubricated. However, many applications make good maintenance difficult. For example
bearings in the conveyor of a rock crusher are exposed continually to hard abrasive
particles.
Packing:
Some bearings use thick grease for lubrication, which is pushed into the gaps between
the bearing surfaces, also known as packing. The grease is held in place by a plastic,
leather, or rubber gasket (also called a gland) that covers the inside and outside edges of
the bearing race to keep the grease from escaping. Bearings may also be packed with
other materials. Historically, the wheels on railroad cars used sleeve bearings packed
with waste or loose scraps cotton or wool fiber soaked in oil, than later used solid pads
of cotton.
FRAME
3.2 SPECIFICATIONS
Chapter: 4 OPERATIONS OF MACHINE

4.1 CUTTING
4.2 SHAPING
Chapter: 5 APPLICATIONS
5.1 APPLICATIONS
5.2 ADVANTAGES
5.3 DISADVANTAGES
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES