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the internal structure or code. Or in other words the Test engineer need not know the internal
working of the Black box or application.
Main focus in black box testing is on functionality of the system as a whole. The term
behavioral testing is also used for black box testing and white box testing is also sometimes
called structural testing. Behavioral test design is slightly different from black-box test design
because the use of internal knowledge isnt strictly forbidden, but its still discouraged.
Each testing method has its own advantages and disadvantages. There are some bugs that cannot
be found using only black box or only white box. Majority of the applicationa are tested by black
box testing method. We need to cover majority of test cases so that most of the bugs will get
discovered by blackbox testing.
Black box testing occurs throughout the software development and Testing life cycle i.e in Unit,
Integration, System, Acceptance and regression testing stages.
BVA techniques:
1. Number of variables
For n variables: BVA yields 4n + 1 test cases.
2. Kinds of ranges
Generalizing ranges depends on the nature or type of variables
Advantages of Boundary Value Analysis
1. Robustness Testing Boundary Value Analysis plus values that go beyond the limits
2. Min 1, Min, Min +1, Nom, Max -1, Max, Max +1
3. Forces attention to exception handling
Equivalence Partitioning:
Equivalence partitioning is a black box testing method that divides the input domain of a
program into classes of data from which test cases can be derived.
White box testing involves looking at the structure of the code. When you know the internal
structure of a product, tests can be conducted to ensure that the internal operations performed
according to the specification. And all internal components have been adequately exercised.
Code coverage:
Segment coverage:
Ensure that each code statement is executed once.
Path Testing:
Path testing is where all possible paths through the code are defined and covered. Its a time
consuming task.
Loop Testing:
These strategies relate to testing single loops, concatenated loops, and nested loops. Independent
and dependent code loops and values are tested by this approach.
All loops executed at their boundaries and within their operational bounds internal data
structures validity.
Logical error tend to creep into our work when we design and implement functions,
conditions or controls that are out of the program
The design errors due to difference between logical flow of the program and the actual
implementation
Skills Required:
We need to write test cases that ensure the complete coverage of the program logic.
For this we need to know the program well i.e. We should know the specification and the code to
be tested. Knowledge of programming languages and logic.
Limitations of WBT:
Not possible for testing each and every path of the loops in program. This means exhaustive
testing is impossible for large systems.
This does not mean that WBT is not effective. By selecting important logical paths and data
structure for testing is practically possible and effective.
Reference- http://www.softrel.org/stgb.html
Comment out your queries on white box testing below. Meantime I will cover Black box testing
in detail.