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Contoh#1
KasusDFFdanJKFF

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Contoh#2

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Step1:
Deriveexcitationequations,i.e.,booleanexpressionsforthe
inputsofeachflipflopintheschematic,interms
oftheexternalinputCntandtheffoutputsQ1andQ0.Sincethere
aretwoffsinourexample,wederivetwo
expressionsforD1andD0:
Contoh#3

Step2:
Derivethenextstateequationsbysubstitutingtheexcitation
Circuitwithnooutputs.Derivethestatetableandstatediagramforthe equationsintotheflipflopcharacteristic
(modulo4counter)sequentialcircuitrepresentedbythefollowingschematic. equations.
Thecharacteristicequationsformallydescribethefunctional
behaviorofalatchorflipflop.Theyspecifythe
flipflopsnextstateasafunctionofitscurrentstateandinputs.
FortheDflipflop,thecharacteristicequationis

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Step3a:
Derivethenextstatetablefromthenextstateequations.Each Step4:
rowcorrespondstoastateofthesequentialcircuitwhichis Thetimingdiagramisshownbelow:
definedbythebinaryvaluesstoredinitsffs.Eachcolumn
representsonesetofinputvalues.Eachentrydefinesthevalueof
thesequentialcircuitinthenextclockcycleaftertherisingedgeof
theClk.

Step3b:
Insteadofanextstatetable,wecoulduseastatediagramto
representthebehaviorofthesequentialcircuit.Astatediagramis
basicallyapictorialrepresentationofthenextstatetable.Ithas
exactlyonenodeforeachpresentstateinthenextstatetable.

WecanseethataslongasCnt=1,thesequentialcircuitvisitsthestatesinthe
sequence0,1,2,3,0,1,2,.WhenCnt=0,thecircuitstaysinitspresentstateuntil
Cntchangesto1,atwhichpointthecountingcontinues.Weconcludethatthe
circuitisamodulo4counterwithonecontrolsignal,Cnt.