THTT So 457 Thang 07 Nam 2015 PDF

xuflr eiil rU rgo+ rap cxi Rn HAruc rxAruc - NAM r-nU 52
oAruH cHo rRUNG xoc pxd rHOruc vA rnuruc uoc co s6

2015 Tru s6: 1B7B Gi6ng Vo, Ha NOi
DT Bi6n tap: (04) 35121607; DT - Fax Ph5t hdnh, Tri su: (04) 35121606
s6 457 Email:toanhoctuoitrevietnam@gmail.com Website: http://www.nxbgd.vn/toanhoctuoitre
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HY T MUA TC TH&TT TI C S BU IN GN NHT !

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gA N sGJ hti "D U"B*:V-I ET*I(I A IVi
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w& e-dsv& KeB, tur*?ei-#UYffireff,
qO?siich "Tii Toin Trung hgc co so"
liQu chuyOn
2lilcatdt c& 8 cudn. cho cdc lfu 6.7 ,8,9. m6i lcp
gb* 2 tap: tdp mOt la &ai sdi& ldp 6, iap mQi ti Sd
hqc), t6p hai th Ffinh fuoc. N$i dung trong moi cudr:
ddu b6rT"l sit cl"r*arg irir:h To6n & c6c ldp THCS.
M5i c**n ddu c6 tiai ph5n: phSn Cdc chuyArt dd

c* b&r' {vidt theo trlrig chuang cia SCK} vi phAn
Ff6t sd chz*y.re dd n&*g cco. Ilh*n dAu trong m6i
chu'yn dd Ia tom t6t cdc kidn thirc !i thuy1 c*a
chxy6n dd m& HS c*n ndm vkg. ti6'p thec gidi
thiCu mot sd vt dir n:inh haq v& sau di la cac bdi iap 6*t'nii
dd nghi dd HS luyQn tqp. itherg chuyn dd ndng
ca* r:h&r:t gi*p HS hidu shu vi r$ng hcr:: *hr?:g r:6i
dl:ng c6 1i6n quan d6n ci:xsng irinh. llhr*"lg d dv
vi cac h&i t6p trinh b&y trung sSch dr:o, c c*c i6c gii
ch*n ioc kh* k? iu&:g, trong d'6 c& nhi6u vi du, bli
'$i!.'1i3#"r*ix*'.r-.:x..
tip li r':hr*g ir*i thi !"r*c slnh gi*i Toin Qr:dc gia, r}::lt iri-'iir iriil lFll:l
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thi Olya:pic ?cdn. ... Bang vic doc, gili nhi*-rg vi

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dq v* bdi tQp nly, HS sE drtgc m& rOng, d-ro siu H?ru:'i Fr**
nhl*'rg kidn thrit d6 h*c. qua d* d'rr. c rdn iuyr: khi
n&r:g l*di:y To*n hoc. CuOi sach sd la phAn H*o*g
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d#n g;{i; cho cac bii t?p duoc dm ra & cudi mdi
ant.:uen de. ro4}
liil';rl **C
Nh6nr tiic gi6 ciia bO sdch id nhtlrg thAy co gi6o dE
hc*c dang Ei&ns d+y & c6c iop chi.ryn To6n ctia c5c
t*l*:-rg ilai hoc vd cdc tr*ifi-rE Trung hgc phd th0ng
c6 *y tfn, l* nhulrg chuyn gia To6n &Tap chi Tadn
hac & TuS; tr* r,'d Nhd xudt b&n CiSo dyc ViO Nam.
ching han nhu, NGND. Va H** Binh {ch* bian}, rSXKT==
NGLt" lYgu5,6r": ?cnt Srvn, nh& giSo Dam Hidu *Fj$*
Chid*. PCS.TS" V#n lVhir Cr*dng, PCS.TS ildm :
Vdn ffhi, TS. Ph*rn Thi Bccf, Ngqc, PCS.TS. Ld

Q*dc ffc{n, TS. Trdn H#* lV*rn. .."
li
Hi vcng rhng bE sdch sd mdt tdi liqu thi6't thltc
va bd ich girlp c*c em l":qc sinh iiidu s*u s5c nhtlrg
kidn ihrlc Tcdn dE hoc, vi: g6p phAn v&o vic n&ng
cao chdt tirqng d*o tao vi bdi dr-rong hpc sinh gi6i
ToSn d cdp Trung hoc cd s&.
tsqn dgc c6 thd d$t nrua s&*tr Qi c6c C&:rg ty Sich - Thi*l bi Tnrdng hgc & e&c dla phrrong
ho{c c&e C*a h*ng s6ch cria N!r& xu6? b*n &i6o dgc ViQt Narn"
0iltltllfllln iltT (lt0 I
{1:-..,. .* : NGUYEN VAN HIEU
"'a. (dv fiUCS Wnh Htrng. Phu Lic, Th*a Thiln Hud)
,l/6n toan o chwong trinh giao dac ph6 Di6u ndy d6n <l6n c6c dp do6n ph6i chdng c6 s1r
,//A th6ng hidn hanh cila nadc ta chi di cQp l[p lai thir vi ndo tl6 ,rC sO duZ C6c b0 s6 ndy
dn cidu hiAt cac s6 chia hijt cho 2; 3; 5 vd 9. lin quan gi d6n "d6u hi6u chia h6t cho 7"?
ll/godi ra, trong qua trinh tim tdi, hgc h6i, II. Nhfln x6t tdng qu6t
chung ta cdn dffqc biil dn cdc diiu hiQu chia Khi chia cac s6 cd dqng lOk vit l0k*6 lvbi k: l;
ht khac nhu ddu hiQu chia h1t cho 4; 6; 8; 1 1; ...
2;3; 4; ... ) cho 7 thi chting c6 cilng tij do.
TrAn m\t tii di6n ddn todn hpc cfing c6 ddng
Chang minh:
m\t vdi kt qud khi xet diiu hiu chia hiit cho'1.
.,1 o6 thay 10r kh6ng chia hi5t cho 7 (l0r :2k.5\.
Vcti niem dam m toan hgc, t6i dd tim tdi va xin
Gi6 sir chia lOt cho 7 dugc thuong sO ld 4 vd sO
rrinh bdy m|t diiu hiQu chia hiit cho 7 nhd cac
bQ s6 duqc sd:p theo tha try md t\i sd dqt tAn
duldr: 10k:7q +r(1) (q,reN.vd0 <r<7).
rrong phin trinh bdy dwdi ddy. Ta cAn chimg minh khi chia 10r*6 cho 7 cflng
dugc s5 du ld r. ThQt vfly, tu (1) ttit trqp voi
I. Nh$n x6t m& tlflu
nhpn xdt md rlAu ta c6: 10r*6 : 10r.106
Xet cdc s6 co d4ng 10r vdi k:1,2,3 ... vit : (7q + r)(7.142857 + 1) : 7X+ r (X e N.).
m6l sti niy khi chia cho 7 co cdc k6t qui sau:
10 :7.1 + 3 III. Quy ur6rc c6ch ggi t6n
l0::7.14 + 2 1) C6c bQ s6 sAp thu t.u: (1;3;2; _l; _3; -2),
103 :7 .142 + 6 (l;3;2; -1; -3; -2; l), (l; 3;2; -1; -3; -2; I;3),
10r:7. t428+ 4 (1; 3; 2; -1; -3:' -2; l; 3; 2)... dusc goi li c6c
105:7. 14285 + 5 "bQ s6 tuAn hodn" tucrng img v6i c6c sd
n6:i.142857+I
:'7 . 1428571 + 3
abcdef , , abcdefgh, abcdefghi, ...
abcdefg
101
108 : 7. 142857t4 + 2
2) Kh6ng -At tioh t6ng qu6t, xdt sO tu nhi6n
t}e:1. t42857t42+ 6 abcdef , khi d6 nu t6ng 1. f + 3.e + 2.d * l.c -
loro:7. 142857t428 + 4 3.b -2.a chia h6t cho 7 thi ta n6i "c6c cht s6
101r :7. 14285714285 + 5
cira s6 abcdef thoa mdn bQ s6 tudn hodn tvong
Nhu vfly, voi citc s6 tri 10' cl6n 106 khi chia cho ring".
7 thi s6 du l6n luot theo thu t.u ld: 3;2; 6; 4; 5;
IV. D6u hiQu chia tr6t ctro Z
1. Di0u thri vi ld c6c sd ti6p theo tu 107d6n 1012
khi chia cho 7 cflng l[p lAi c5c sO du theo b0 sd l) Tradc hdt u fim diiu kin cdn vd dti dA s6 c6
(3;2;6;4; 5; l). 6 chir s6 dqng abcdef chia h1t cho 7.
t, nrr,r-roru, T?3I#?E I
Edt A: abcdef : a(7.14285 + 5) + b(7.1428 + : -2 * x, s6 70x026 chia h6t cho 7 e-2 - x
4) + c(7.142 + 6) + d (7.t4 + 2) + e(7.1+ 3) + f chia hi5t cho 7 e r: 5.
:7(14285a + 1428b + l42c + l4d + e) + 5a + 2) Bdy gid ta xdt diiu kiQn cin vd dil d cdc sd
4b + 6c + 2d + 3e + f : 7(14285a + 1428b + cd nhidu hcrn 6 chtt s6 chia ht cho 7. Tri nhf,n
l42c + l4d + e) + 7(a + b + c) - 2a - 3b *c+ x6t m& t16u ta th6y c6 sU l6p lai vO sd du khi
2d + 3e +l Nhu vQy A chiah6t cho 7 khi vd chi chia c6c sii c6 dpng 10r cho 7, do do khdng ldm
khit6ng R: 2a-3b-c+2d+3e+f chia m5t tintr t6ng qu6t ta xdt s5 c6 7 chir si5 c6 dpng
h5t cho 7 (2). abcdefg. Do abcdefg: a.106 + bcdefg , a6 i

Sip x6p lai c6c hQ s6 -2; -3; -l;2;3; I c6 m[t c6ch phdn tich 106 nhu 0 mqc NhQn xdt md diu
trong t6ng tr6n theo b0 (1; 3;2; -l; -3; -2) v1i vd k6t qui chimg minh trn cho sd Ucae@ ta c6
thri qu: hQ sd 1 img v6i chfr sd hdng rlcm vil hC
i^, I ' abcdefg chia hi5t cho 7 khi vd chi khi sd
sO 3 img v6i cht sd hdng chgc e, hQ s6 2 img
vcri cht s5 heng t5m d,hQ
-1 img vdi chir stisO
1.g + 3f + 2e - ld - 3c - 2b + l.a chia h6t cho
hdng nghin c, hQ si5 -3 ung v6i cht sO hdng 7 . Ta thdy xu6t hiQn bA sd ru6n hodn: (l; 3; 2; -l;
chpc nghin b, h0 st5 I tmg v6i cht sii neng -3; -2; l).
Chimg minh tuong tU nhu trn ta c6 bO sd tuin
trdm nghin a. Tn Q) suy ra "Sd fi6 nhiAn c6 6
hodn t6ng qu6t sau: (l;3;2; -l; _3; --2; 1;3 ;2;
chir si| A: ,brdrf chia hdt cho 7 khi vd chi khi
-l; -3; -2; ...).
f + 3e + 2d - c - 3b -2a chia hdt cho 7". (3) 3) D6u hiQu chia h6t cho Z
V6i quy u6c cSch goi t6n nhu trOn, hic ndy (3)
SO tg nhiAn chia h& cho 7 khi
di6n dat nhu sau: "r%%r""r-q
vd chi khi cdc chtr sd cfia n6 thda mdn "bQ si5
"Sii tq nhiAn cd 6 chti sd ,brff chia h1t cho 7
tuiin hodn" cd n sd tuong ftngz
khi vd chi khi cdc chfr s6 ctia n6 thda mdn b6 sd (l; 3; 2;-1; -3; -2; 1; 3 ; 2; -1; 1;
*2; 1; ...).
;,
tudn hodn tu(mg il,ng 0 : 3: 2: -l; -3; -2)" . Thi dlt 4. SO 10197824 co chia hi5t cho 7 hay
Chri ]i ring, trong chimg minh tr6n c6c cht sd khdng? Ta c6:
a, b, c, d, e, .f c6 th6 d6ng thoi bing 0 ho[c 1.4 + 3.2 + 2.8 - t.7 - 3.9 - 2.1 + 1.0 + 3.1
kh6ng rl6ng thoi bing 0 thi khi d6 (3) van clirng. : 4 + 6+ l6- 7 -27 -2 + 0 + 3 : -7.
Thi d1r 1. Kh6ng ding phdp chia, xdt xem s5 vfly s6 t0t97824 chia h6t cho 7.
3780 c6 chia hiit cho 7 hay kh6ng?
V. Ap dgng
Ta c6: 1.0 + 3.8 + 2.7 - 1.3 : 24 + 14 -3 : 35
V6i d6u hiQu nhfln bi6t mQt st5 chia hiit cho 7
chia ht5t cho 7, suy ra 3780 chia hi5t cho Z.
n6i tr6n, ta c6 th6 ki6m chimg dugc c5c k6t qui
Thi d1t 2. 36 120476 c6 tinh chit: 1.6 + 3.7 + sau:
2.4 - 1.0 - 3.2 * 2.1 :27 kh6ng chia h6t cho 7 1) Cric si5 c6 6 cht s6, 12 cht si5, 18 cht s5, ...
n6n s6 12}476kh6ng chiah6t cho7. gi6ng nhau thi chia h6t cho 7. Nhu 111111;
Th{ dtt 3. Tim gi6 ta cira chft sd x d s0 222222222222; 999999999999999999 ; ...
70x026 chia h6t cho 7. . 2) CLc s6 d4ng abcabc; abcabcabcabc;
X6t t6ng: 1.6 + 3.2 + 2.0 - lx - 3.0 - 2.7
2,s31#E:,*
Hrldng ddn giii oE'rul ruvft*t srNH vAo rdp 10 cHuyErrr roAru
Bni l. a) PT c6 hai nghi6m ph6n biQt a)Do MCN =90" n6n MN liL tluong kinh cira
,: (Q, kdo theo O' ld trung didmci.r. MN.
-,lzJz -2 vd t + tlzJz -2.
t
b) Theo dinh li Vidte, ta c6 - K6 tip tuyi5n tpi C clilra (O), cit ,4A k6o ddi tpi L
xt + x2 = 2, xrx, = (m -1)2 ,
Vi (O), (C) ti6p xtrc nhau nn IC ctng ld ti6p
tuy6n @i C cir' (Q, suy ra dfifu =1efu;
n6n (4 -\)' =(q + *r)' -4*rh = 4 - 4(m -l)' < 4,
suy ra lx. - xrl<z . ICM = CBA * CNM =CBA
= MN l/ AB.
b) Ta c6 O'D LAB nn O'D LMN. Do d6

Blri 2. Ta co D =Yl]
x'+l MD = ND hay CD liL tia phdn giSc ctn ACB .
eDx2 -4x+D-3:0 (1) K6o ddi CD cit (O) taidiOm thf hai E. Suy ra E
+NtiuD:0thi *=+. ld trung diiSm cria D 1n O"g chta C), E c6

dinh. Vfly CD lu6n ili qua di6mE cO einfr.
+ N6u D + 0 thi (1) phai c6 nghigmx, vi th6
A=16-4D(D-3)>0 c) Ta c6 F,,tlD=AA (ch6n hai cung AE = BE).
e 4D2 +l2D + 16 > 0 e (2D -3)2 <25 Xdt ducrng trdn ngoai tip MCD, frD chhn
<>-5<2D-3 <5<> -l<D<4. AD, tia AE nLm ngodi MCD, suy ra AE tip
Khi D: -1, (l) c6 nghidm kdp x -

-) - -2. xirc v6i <ludng trdn ngo4i ti'p MCD tqiA.
D
Bei 4. Gqi d =UCLN(,a' +4, n+5).
Khi D : 4, (1) c6 nghidm kdp x = 1= +.
D2 Do n2 + 4=(r+ S)(n -5)+29
Vay maxD : 4 khi * =;, 1
minD : -l khi x: -2. ndn d = UCLN (n + 5,29). Ta c6 p ld phdn sii

chua tdi gi6n
Bni 3.
e d >l e n+5 i 29 (vi 29 ld sd nguyn t6)
en:29k-5(keZ).
Theo gi6 thi6t 1 < n<2015
el< zgk-5<2ot5o 6 <k=2020 .

29 29
Md fr e Z nn k : 1, 2, 3, ..., 69.
YQy n = 29k - 5 voi k : 1, 2, 3, ...,.69.
CAo TRAN rtlnAr (Ninh ThuQn)

Gi.it thiQu
t?EilrH8[
*nrr,r-roru, I
',. xr rryr6ru srrur rrA.o r-0e ro
ilpr cnuytn g0A HQc r{ uNtru . DHqG nA nfi ulu nsc zou-zors
VONG t (120 phrit)
C0u I (3 diAm). l) Gid su a, b ld hai s6 thpc ph6n 3) Chung minh ring ba di6m A, J ,P thing hdng.
biQt th6a mdn a2 +3a = b2 +3b =2.
Cdu IV Q die@.1) Cho b6ng 6 vu6ng 2015 x 2015.
a) Chrmg minh ring a + b: -3 Ki hiQu 6 (r,j) 6 0 hdng tht i, cQt th? j.Tavi6t
li
b) Chung minh rdng a3 +b3 =45. ,i.
[?, -r- ?., : 5 -, c6c sd nguy6n duong hr 1 d6n 2015 vdo c6c 6 cua
2) Giei hQ phuong trinhJ -^ ' "' ""r bing theo quy tic sau:
l4x2 +y2 =5ry2 i) 56 1 duqc vi6t veo 6 (1,1),
Ciu II Q diAfi.1) Tim ciic sii nguyCn x, y kh6ng ii)Ni5usokduscvi6tvdoO (r,j), v6i i >1, this6
nh6 hcrn 2 sao cho xy -l chiah6t cho (-r-1)(y-1).
k+ 1 dugc vi6t vdo 6 (,-1,j+1),
2) Voi x, y ld nhirng s6 thUc th6a mdn ding thric
x2y2 +2y+1=0, tim gi6 td lon nh6t vd nhO nh6t
iii)N6us6kdugcvi6tvdoo (1,j) thisii ft+l dugc
vi6t vdo 6 (.i + 1,1). (Xem hinh 1)
cua bi6u thuc P = ,4
3v+l I J 6 t0
Cffu III (3 dim), Cho tam gi6c nhgn ABC thdng 2 5 9
cdn c6 t6m dudng trdn nQi ti6p h di6m1. Dudng 4 8
thingU cit aC t4i D. Ggi E,F ldnluqt ld c6c di6m 7
ttOi xung cria D qua IC ,lB.
l) Chrmg minh ringEF song song v6iBC. Hinh 1
2) GqiM,N,"r hn luqt li trung tliiSm cria c6c doqn Khi d6, sii zOts dugc vi6t viro 6 (m,n) . Hdy x6c
thingDE,DF,EF.Ducrng trdn ngo4i ti6p tam gi6c dithmvdn.
AEM cit dudng trdn ngopi ti6p tam gi6c AFN tqi P D Gie s'iJ a, b, c ld cic sO ttrqrc ducrng th6a mdn
LJndc A. Chrmg minh rlng b6n di6mM,P,N,"r cirng ab + bc + ca + abc < 4. Chimg minh ring
thuQc mQt dudng tron. a2 +b2 +c2 +a+b+c>2(ab+bc+ca).
VONG 2 (150 phitt)

Cnu diim).1)Yoi a, b, c ldcSc s6 thUc th6a thilngBC.Gqi,F/ldhinhchi6uvu6ngg6ccua B tr6n
I (3
mdn (3d+3b+3c)3 tloqn thing AM. Trdn tia d6i cua tia AM 16y di6m
a)3 + (3c + a N sao cho AN =2ll4H.
=24+(3a+b-c)3 +(3b + c - - b)3 .
Chrmg minh ring (a + 2b)(b + 2c)(c + 2a) = l. 1) Chung minh ring BN = AC.
Giei hQ phuong trinh

2) Gqi 0 ld di6m ttOi xrmg v6i A qua N. Duong
D
thingAC cltBQ taiD. Chimg minh ring b6n ili6ni
{2x +2y +.ry = 5
B, D, N, C cirng thuQc mQt tludng trdn, ggi tludng
f271x+y)+y3 +7 =26x3 +27x2 +9x.
CAu II Q diA@.1) Tim s6 t.u nhi6n n d6 n+5 vit trdn ndy le (O).
n+ 30 tt6u ld s6 chinh phuong (s6 chinh phucmg ld 3) Duong trdn ngopi tii5p tam gi6c AQD clt (O) tqi C
sli bing binh phuong cria mQt s<i nguy6n). kh6c D. Chrmg minh ring NG song song vli BC.
2) Tim x, y nguydn th6a mdn tting thric Ciu IV Q die@.
t+rtx+y+3 =./7*Jy. Kf hiQu S ld tip hqp g6m 2015 di6m ph6n biQt tr6n
mat phing. Gi6 sri tit cd cilc tli6m cta S kh6ng cing
3) Gi6 si x, y, z ld nhtng sO tfrgc l6n hon 2. Tlm gi6
nim tr6n m6t duong thing. Chimg minh ring c6 it
tri nh6 nh6t cria bi6u thuc
nhfit 2Ol5 <ludng thing ph6n biQt mi m6i ducrng
D: x ) r z
thing di qua it nh6t hai di6m cira S.
-
,/y;;- Jz+ x4 ,txirz NGUYfN Vfr LUCING-PHAM VaX nr)NC
CAu III Q diA@.Cho tam gi6c nhgnABCkh6ng
(GV THPT chuyan KHTN - EHOG Hd N|i)
c6n v6i AB < AC. Gpi M ld trung ditim cira tlo4n
Gidi thiAu
. TORN HOC
4 t cfuAfta sS nur,r-rorut

,..X?\e"ri
itu ONIG DANI GIAI .DE SO 9
Cffu 1. a) Bpn c19c t.u gi6i. nghiQm, suy ra PT (1) v6 nghi6m.
)
b) Ta c6 J' =3mx2 -6mx,),'=0e['= 2 Nm*ol. . Vcri x a -;, ,t (l ) tucrng duong v6i
lx=2'
Do y'AOi Oau khi qua x =}vdx =2nn AO tni |4 .
2s-919- 2 t8
-:-+;; (3)
hdm s5 c6 2 dimcgc tri.
. V6i x =0 th\ y=tm-l):, vfi x=2 thi y=-y-3.
+ (0., +l,Pr (3) ffd thdnh
x2=, \
Dat
'
Do vai trd ctra A vd B nhu nhau, kh6ng m5t = 4/
t6ng qu6t gi6 sirA(0; 3m-3),8(2; -m-3). o(t-'O -+r)= zr+-!!l- lo
Tac6 2AB2 -(OAz +OB2)=98
e 9(m - l)z + 4 + (m + 3)z - 2(4 + I6mz ) = -99 -2) 2(t -2)(r + 4)
36(t
l+J9-4t L+r
ellm2 +6m-56=0 <> m=2hodc *=-4.
Cirl2. a) T :4030.
11' ett-D( --l>-*4.)=o
' (,1+J9-4r l+t )
(4)
b) DAt z = a+bi (x,y elR)

= 7 = a-bi.Ta c6 v6i o .t<2 co --Lr4 ,a
i, - :l = V - z - rl e l-u - z + all =la - 2 + (b - lll 4 l+J9-4r 4
I
''t+4'-lr "3 18 " 18 t+4

1+r l+r<4<-:4 nen:-->0.
_2b _l ) y = (_2b _t) + bi.
= a- 1+J9-+t [+r
Dod6 (4)e t=2.Suyra x=-;.0. Tird6
Ta co lzl=
,Fil.+=+
Ding thric xiy ra kJli b = -?.
)
Tu d6 s6 phric cAn tim ld z = -l55
-1t.
Ciu 3. PT da cho <> sin2x-J3cos2x=Zcosx 2 2
.( n) (n )
ilu=x-2=<fdu=dx
0
<>srnl 2y-- l=srnl;-J
[ 3' tL )
l. . Tinh tr= [{x-zYax. Dat
Ttr d6 suy ra nghiQm cira PT rl5 cho li 1 ldv=ddx lv=e"
2
5n k2n =4+k2n
r=18+ (k ezt'
3 'r 6 c
CAu 4. PT thf hai cria hQ tucrng duong voi

(2x-l)3 =(r- y)3
=!=l-x.
Tlruy y =l- x vdo PT thir nh6t cira hQ clugc
25* *gJg*, -+ ='x * x'2 +7, (1)

)
Giai (1). DK: lxl>:. "8!
)
. Vcri x >:, PT ( l) tucrng <lucrng vdi
3 D{t r=,ffi. ud6 ,,=-.j:J*=)ttt-ltt.
,r*'$'11
x =l*-!-
x' xt+I
(z)
I > 251rdo *>ir\ vay 1 =-..i(oL.rr-rr)

IVT(2) J)
\
I
Tac6] nenPT(2)vo Ciu 6. .K6 SF/ LAC (H eAC).

lvrtzi
,|*ff.2s Do (SAC) -L (A-BC)n6n SH L(ABC).
$ .457(7-2015)
TOAN HQC
& sTudiEa 5-
CAu 8. . Mpt ciu(S)c6 t0m1(1; -3 -Z)vi b6n
kinhR = 6. Vi d(I, (a)) = 4 < R suy ra clpcm.
. Ggi FI vd r lin luqt ld tdm vd b6n kinh cira
tlunng trdn giao tuy5n, ta thhy H ld hinh chi6u
vu6ng g6c cria I trn (a). Ta c6
IH =d(1,(a))=4, r=JF:|frT =2J5.
Tqa d0 di6m H ld nghiQm cua HPT
B
[x = I + 2t; y = -3-2t; z = -2-t
1-
Ta c6 SH = SA.sin.ilZ =zoJl.)= ali. l2*-2y-z+2=0
t t (. _1._Z)
YAy Vs.ABc =
JS*.., rH =!es.ec.sH
6
=r=-;J =Hl-*:
\ : 3' 3)'
1 Cflu 9. 56 hAng khdng chria x ld
=l3a.4a.ali =2a, JT. clr{-t)424 :7920.
.Kd HD L BC (D e BC), HK L SD (I( e SD).
Khid6 HK=d.(H;(SBC). Yi AH =SA.cos.ilD
cdu lo. .Dat
' la =.Ear'
y Jxz*!"lor'*!y'
Ta c6
=zoJ|.$=3a, ndnAC =4HC
Js[z* *?\*L(
u >L( z" *?\ = Z( r *, *1 *1')
d(A;(SBC)) = 4d(H;(SBC)) = 4Hx.
x) Js\" y) Js[ x Y)
= (Theo BDT Bunyakovsky)
mctt
ffi= UE=ro=+. 4(- +-*r )= 4(4,,!x1
> *l - r -)
+----3Jry
"/.t";l +l
J5[" ,l-y) Js['" ,l*y " ) |
I
Tt d6 d(A;(SBC)) = 4HK
4SH.HD
aali. 3a- 6aJ1
=-= 5
JSH,TMT 5a"* 9a2
_
Ciu 7. Dulng trdn(C) c6 6m I(2; 2)vd bilrr ' x2 +l y'+1
kinhR =Ji, Ae(A)= A(a:-a-l). Ar- x Y
IB J5 '"-7-:-l) 3-r ^ l\ 3
Eit IA=x (x>O),fu=2.athi sina =
IA x'
-:- l*'* o)*4 l'"* o)*4
, ,. -x > V5/;.).
AB= JV= (vor -xv4x4v
cosa = IA * - -., 3 ' . ,3 4x+3' 4y+3
' " =-LL
** Y*4
+
1 -!
Ta c6 S*. - 8 <+ =8 4x * 4Y
1AB.AC.sin2a Hcm nta:4x+3' l(-f-.--l--)
=z- "[4x+3
4y+3-' ' ay+3)
e AB.ACsind.cosa = 8. Suy ra
a44
(x'-5)./5(x'-5) _, ,2-3 = Do tl6
=8=5(x:-5)3 =64xa +r *+y *O<2-3.m 5
-, 4 ^ Ê 4
o 5x6-l39xa +375x2 -625 =0 -rt-;(2). Tu(l) vd(2) suy ra P>16- ,-
a (xz -25)(5xa -14x2 +25) =0
= x = *5. I -4
p=2J5-S
Khi "r =y=; thi VaV
OOi ctri6u vdi DK , , J5 ta chon x :5.
Tt d6 IA-5 o (a-Z)z +(-a-3)2 =25 minP = 2Ji
- L\J -!'5
o az +a-6 = 0 <) a=Zhodca=-3.
Yoi a=2 thi A(2: -3); vbi a=1 thl A(1;2). (GV rH P r chuy an Ngay 6n ffi#:;'Hl',i#
TONN HOC
6'clumfi@
rlrftro {r},,*"hl n1r s6 pyorontq P?(AP
cnh lifu ToTN CUC TBI TBoNG o
ffi
A
HINHH$CI{IIONO0IAN
lt eu6c UAN
(GV Khoa Todn - EH Wnh, NghQ.An)
/Whi gidi cdc bdi to6n cr,rc tri trong hinh hgc Ydy Sr*o,* dat gi6 tri nh6 nh6t khi vd chi khi
'Ja/khdnggian, ta thucrng g6p bdi to6n tim gi6 MH dqt gi6trinh6 nh6t, nghia 1d khi vd chi khi
trt lon nh6t hay nh6 nhAt cria s6 do mQt g6c, clQ
MH ld tluong lu6ng g6c chung cia AA' vit
ddi mQt dopn th6ng, 9ien tich cira mQt hinh
phdng, th6 tich c5c kh6i tla diQn hay kh6i trdn
BD' (hay M ld trung ditim cira AA'vd H lir
xoay. Tpp chi TH&TT dA gi6i thiQu mQt sti trung diiim cua BD').
phuong ph6p gini l6p to6n ndy dga vin c6ng cq Chfi !. O ddy, di6m M phii nim trn doqn thiing
t7a dQ; Trong bdi b5o niy, chirng t6i trinh bdy M' vit N phii nim tr6n doqn thdng CC'.Liti giii
mQt sd phuong ph6p cht,y6u sri dlmg c6ng cq tr6n th6a mdn ci hai didu kiQn 6y. Tuy nhi6n kh6ng
hinh hqc thudn tily, c6 th6 kdt hqp vm c6ng cqt ph6i bao gio ta ctng gdp may mdn dy. Trong mQt s6
dai s6hay c6ng cq vecto. bdi to6n, cbc chdn duong vu6ng g6c chung ctra hai
ito4n thing lpi nim tr6n c6c tlopn tbing 6y kdo ddi.
1. Phuung phdp sri'dung thuin tiry cril: rlinh Trong mQt s6 bdi to6n l&6c, cdc di6m chuy6n dQng
li hinh hqrt: lai phdi th6a m6n th6m.mQt sO aiiu kiQn b6 sung,
C6c tlinh lf quen thuQc. thuong dugc str dpng n6n do4n thing ng6n nh6t chua hEn ld ttudng vu6ng
lh: ducrng vu6ng g6c ngln hcrn moi dudng xi6n, g6c chung. Khi d6 ta phdi sri dpng k! thuft kh5c.
m6i cpnh tam gi6c nho hcrn t6ng hai c4nh cdn Thi dp sau ddy minh hga cho nhpn x6t d6.
lai vd lon hon hi6u cria chfng, dunng vu6ng OThi dq 2. Cho hinh lQp phuong ABCD.A'B'C'D'
g6c chung cta hai ducrng thdng ch6o nhau li vd hai dim M,N ldn luqt chuydn dQng ffAn
cloan.thing ngin nh6t trong c5c tto4n thing c6 cdc dudng chdo A'B vd AC sao cho
hai ddu mrit ndm tr6n hai <ludng thdng dy, ... A'M = AN . Tim vi tr{ ctia M,N dA d0 ddi doqn
OThi dU l; Cho hinh lQp phmng ArcD.A:B'CD thdng MN dqt gid tr! nhd nhiit.
vd mQt dim M chuyn dQng ffAn cqnh AA'
Loi gi,rti. (h.2)
Mqtphdng (nttO') cdt CC' teti N. Timvitri B
dim M ai aien tich thi& diQn BMD'N dqt gia

tri nhd nhdt.
Ldi sidi. (h.t)
Hinh 2
CuOi tOi gihi, ta sE th6y ring khi ilQ ddi doan
thFng MN dqt gi6 tri nh6 nha\ MN kh6ng
A' D' phdi ld tlucrng ludng g6c chung c:0;a A'B vir
I{inh I AC (tr ttAy, cli6u kiQn rdng buQc ld A'M = AN ).
Vi (ABB'A')\|(DCC'D') nn BMIID'N. Tucrng Kf hiQu canh hinh lf,p phucrng dd cho ld a,
tv, MD'llBN. Vay th gi6c BMD'N ld hinh A, M = AN = x thi O<x<aJ2,MB=NC =ffi -x.
binhhdnh. Ke MH IBD' thi Trn AB lAydim H saocho MH ll AA' rti
sr*o,* =2.Srro, =2.!.ao'.rua = BD'.MH AH= --:A,M= AN
2 --- MB
HB - NC--- n6n theo tlinh lli Thales tl6o
HN IIBC.
TOnN HOC --
so aszrz-zorsr a q.rdiLa 7
Tt d6 tam gilc MHN rudng lai H. Vi cac t;t:F
tam gi6c AHN vd BHM vu6ng c0n t4i FI n6n (nghia ld VA^MN lcrn nhdt) eu-r=l';
Jz=+,
Jz.HM =ry=o'12--*.
HN =Ay- vay a(u -a')
Vor*r: )
'lz,) J2 theo BDT Cauchy. Vpy max
lZ,
tr +lalz-x)- E -^2
MIP =MIP+NLP = =f -al2x+d. dattlugc eAM=BN=
l;
MN dqt gi6 tri nh6 nh6t e x - ft e M,N OThf dq 4. Cho ta din ABCD vd mQt dim M
\IL chuydn d6ng trong /r diQn. Cac dadng thdng
tucrng img ld trung di6m cia A'B,AC. Khi d6 AM, BM,CM, DM cdt cac mdt (BCD), (ADC),
MN=BM=BN={ n6n BMN liL tam gi6c d6u, (ABD), (ABC) tqi A"B"C"D' taong rhng.
l.l
\L
do cl6 g6c gifta MN vd A'B b54g 60". Tucrng a) Xdc dinh vi tr{ dim M dA bidu thftc
tr, g6c giita MN vd AC cflng bdng 60" 'p=M nBM nCM,*DM, dat sia tri nho nhtit.
.
-':--o'-'
MA, ' W, MC, MD,
2. Phuong phip thi6t Bp hQ thric xic tllnh
b) Xdc dinh vi tr{ dim M dA bi6u thac
Trong nhi6u bni to6n, d6 tim clrc tri ctia d0 ddi
mQt doan thing, diQn tich cira mQt hinh phing
fAM* fBM* reM* DM aqr
- sta ,
hav th6 tich ciri mot kh6i tla diQn, tru6c hi5t ta ' I =
*o' l rg lw tl ua
pnai tnet lqp mQt sO t C thric lin quan d6n c6c tr! nhd nhiit.
ti6n chria trong c5c bi6u thric biu di6n cdc dqi Ldi sirti. b.a)
lugng n6i tr6n. Sau cl6 dtng c6c.BDT quen A
thuQc (Cauchy, Bunyakovsky ...) dC tim cuc tri

gin cdc bii5u thric trOn.
OThi dq 3. Cho hai dudng thiing Lx,By cheo
nhau vd vu6ng gdc vdi nhau cd AB : a ld
dadng vu6ng gdc chung. Hai di6m M, N lin
luqt chuydn d6ng tAn Ax, By sao cho MN = b
(voi b ld d0 ddi cho truoc). Tim gid tri ldn C
nhdt cua thd tich ttr didn ABMN . Hinh 4
Ldi gidi. ot-tj, MA _vr.rro. MB' _vu.aco.
" t ' " Au|t - vA
BCD' BB' vu.orr'
MC' _vM.ABp .MD' _v*.ou, u;
cc' vc.ABp' DD' Vr.*,
V*.uro *Vr.oro *V*.*o *V*.*, =V*r* suy ra
MA'_MB'_MC'_MD'
, _l
v AA,, BB, CC, DD,
Hinh 3
DAt AM = u, BN = v. Vi BN LAB, Theo BDT Cauchv., !'.
*, , *, BB' 9L. ?4
MA. MB, MC, ' MD,
BN L AM theo gi6 thi6t, nen BN L(ABM), ( MA, MB, MC, MD,\
Do tl6 BN LBM, nnV* =Vn.o*=l.S*rm,' -[aa' ' BB' cc' ' DD')
-r-r-i-r-
|
( AA' BB' cc' DD') -

= !.!.tu.en.BN = !.auv th.3\. lw.ffit+fu+ffi)'-'u
32 6
Theo ilinh lli Pythagore c6 CM DM
l'udo NtI BM uc,* ul
BM2 = AB2 + AM2 = MNz -BNz suy ra MA,+ MB,*
AM2 + BN2 = MN2 - AB2 = b2 - a2. Tri d6 _ AA' + BB' +CC' + DD'. _4> 12.
ttz +v2 - b2 -az (kh6ng e5l1 ncn uv ltrnnhdt
MA, MB, MC' MD'
Do d6 minP: 12, dqt clugc khi vd chi khi
B -tuagw
TO6N HOC

MA, MB, MC, MD, I hay M ld trOng xu6t ph6t tu c4nh AB ci.r- tu diQn. Col (7) h
AA,BB,CC,DD,4,-._J --,
-=-=-=-==;
tdm cira tu diQn ABCD.
6nh cira (f) q""phdp d6i xtmg mflt (a) . rcri
b) Eat Vupco = a2,Vutco = b2 ,Vr*o = c2, att (y) dugc goi ld mqt diii trung xu6t ph6t tu
. V*, d+&+C+*
"^{ --=- cqnh AB cta tu diQn.
l/...^
'MABC =d2. Th6 thi
"-- XIA Vr*o d MOt trr di6n c6 s6u mdt dOi trung. Ngudi ta d5
.. AM b2 +c2 +d2 I ucrng t.u chimg minh clugc ring s6u mpt d6i trung cia tu
Do do=-----------;-. diQn tl6ng quy tpi m6t clii5m. Di6m ndy tlugc ggi
MA'
- a)
BM a2+c2+dz CM a2+b2+d2 ld dim diii trgng tdm crtaff diQn.
MB, b2 , MC' C2 Dinhl!,. Chotu din ABCD vd M ldm6tdim
DM, b2 + c2 + a2
Mdt khric do nim trong tu diqn. Gqi H,I,J,K tucrng tmg li
MD,= d2
.
hinh chii5u ci:r. M *u6ng c5c m{t phing (BCD),
Z(Uz + c2 a)' ncn nhfln clusc
+ d2)>(b +c+
(CDA), (DAB),(ABC). Khi d6 c6c didu kiQn sau
W =Jb'*r'*d' l_.b+c+d vd ba BDT
,-J1' tucrng duong:
\MA'- a a 'uuu' i) M lddiem dOi trgng tdm cua tu didn ABCD;
tucrng tu. Tt
, ]:t
d6
I ( b+c+d a+c+d a+b+d a+b+c) |
Lt' Vrrro
j.:\
sj -Vroro s3 -V**,
s; -Vr*o s;
.
J3( a b c d ) ii1) M
ld trqng tAm cira tu diQn HIJK .
,4.n=4Ji (vi {+1>2,Yx,y>0) O day ,SA ,,SB ,,Sc ,,SD ld ki hiQu dien tich cbc mf;t
1
-a-f,-r- .
J3Yx (rco),(coe),(oen),(eac) tu diQn ABC D.
cira
Vdy minT: 4Ji , dqt tlugc khi vd chi khi
(Bpn tlqc h6y chtmg minh k6t qui ndy).
a2=b2=c2=d2
(r\ Bdy gid ta trd lqi Thi dw 5. Gqi G ld trgng tdm
oV,tt BCD =Vu.oco =Vru.oao =Vu.oacl =)'* tco)I cria tu diQn WZT (h.5).
\ + A
MA, MB, MC, MD, I
e77=ffi=fu=ffi=:-,hay M lit ,
trgng t6m cria tu diQn ABCD (Bpn <19c hdy

chimg minh chi ti6t nhan x6t ndy).
Chrt i). M6t s6 bdi to6n cgc tri hinh hqc g6p trong
c6c k!,thi hoc sinh gi6i hay V6 dich to6n, nhi6u khi
phai t.u xdy drmg MOt li thuyAt mdt (so v6i hiriu bit5t
th6ng thudng) m6i gi6i tlugc chirng.
C
OThf dq 5. Cho t* din ABCD . Tim cdc dim
X,Y,Z,T thuQc cdc mfi phdng (BCD), (CDA), Hinh 5
(DAB),(ABC) sao cho tdng sau ddy dqt gia tri Khi d6 GX.S o + GY.S u + GZ.S, + GI.5, >- 3Vo*o.
nhd nhdt W2 +Y,2 +fl2 +YZ2 +Wz +2T2. Theo BDT Bunyakovsky, c6
Ldi gidi. D gi6i bii to6n ndy, cAn dua vdo c6c (w +cv, +Gz +a2)(fi *sB +s/ +s]) >evlo,.
kh6i niem vd k6t qui sau Chf i ring, vi G ld trgng t6m ctra tu diQn
Dinh nghTa. Cho tu diQn ABCD, M ld trung WZI +Yz +Yz +YZz +W2 +ZI2
ndn Wz
di6m canh CD .Mra/-phdng (MAB) tluqc ggi ld =4(GX2 +GYz +GZz *GTr). Tt d6
m\t trung diQn xuiltphdt tu cqnh AB cria tu diQn.
Mgt tu di6n c6 s6u m{t trung di6n. D6 th6y s6u W +Y +W ru >'si +q36VfuD
+YZ +YP +7r2
+s: +sB '
m{t trung diQn cua tu diQn tl6ng quy tpi trgng
tAm cira tu diQn. Dlng thric xtty ra e G nim trong tu dinABCD
Dinh nghia. Cho tu din ABCD . Gqi (a),(0) sao cho 6,ffi,U,,Gf tucrng img vudng g6c
tucrng tmg ld m{t phdn gi6c vd m6t trung di6n v6i c6c mflt phing (nco), (cot), (odn),(eac)
sd nsr(?-rors)
T?8I#E:9

.(x @ GZGT tdm G cila t* din, cdt SA,SB,SC tuong ung
'u so=E =f =; o G n5m trong tu
J
tqi D,E,F- Tim gid tri l6n nhdt cfia bi6u ththc
111
diQn ABCD sao cho GX,GY,GZ,GI tuong 'D= ' t-r-
'
sD.sE sE.sF sF.sD'
'
img w6ng g6c v6i c6c mat phing (nCO), (Con), Ldi gidi. (h.6)
.s
(oen),(ABc)
'dW=W=W=ry
e GX,GY,GZ,GT tuong img vudng g6c vdi
cbc mdtphrng (nco),(coe),(oea),(eac)
vir G ld di6m tl5i trqng tdm cta tu diQn
ABCD >X,Y,Z,T tucvng img ld hinh chitiu
vudng g6c cria di6m d6i trgng t6m cria tu diQn B
Hinh 6
ABCD l6n c5c mpt phing (nCo), (Coe),
Vi G ld trgng t0m cira tu diQn SABC n6n
(oea), (enc) (*). vfy t6ng ducmg thing SG di qua trgng t6m S' cira tam
Wz +Y} +XI2 +YZ2 +YT? +ZT2 nh6 nh6,t gi6c ABC vd c6 hg thric
khi vd chi khi X,Y,Z,T th6a mdn (*) vd gi|trl ,"=1tr =1(*+sa+sc).
nh6 nh6t d6 bing
36VkcD
sj +sf +s] +Sfr rrd6 4fr=s.o.# rt.# *
phip vecto -- | l_ 1_
3. Phu'ong <+4SG=-S,+,,SE+*SF.
MQt s6 bdi todn cgc tri hinh hqc <tugc gi6i ggn
Lpi vi b6n di6m D,E,F,G d6ng phing n6n
hcrn ni5u ta bi6t sir dung c6ng cg vecto thich
hqp. Ngodi nhfrng ki6n thirc quen thuQc tl6 hqc lll =
I
o bOc THPT, bpn dsc cin bi6t th6m kh6i niQm 4SD 4SE 4SF
vit circ tinh ch6t cira trgng t6m mQt h0 di6m, Tt d6 su, ra
lll . srJ" * srsp
-I-l-
c6ng.thric Lagrange - Jacobi, titmfi,c1r cria mQt -:,

hQ tli0m, Dinh li "Con nhim" cho kh6i tu diQn...
-3[sD *,
16.
.1(,, ' sE *l)'=19. ""
' sF, 3' Dorr6minp - 3'
Dlnh ngh1a. Gi6 sit A1,A2,...,A* ld mQt h0 m
sap xp tuy j trong khOng gian khdng
-,:. ! i.
cli6m dqt dugc khi vd chi khi SD = SE =SF =1,
phdn biQt thir t.u. Di6m G dugc ggi ld trqng "4
nghTa ld khi vd chi khi m[t phing (DEF) di
di6m tr6n n6u qua G vA song song vdi m{t phdng (ABC).
tdm c'bahQ
iO+ =O .
OThi dq 7 . Cho ttb din SABC vdi SA = a,

OC ttr5y trong tdm cria mQt he di6m lu6n t6n tpi SB=b,SC=c. M1t m1t phdng (a) thay d6i
vi duy nhat. Hon nta n6u G ld trgng tdm cta lu6n di qua trqng tdm G cfia ta din, cdt
h9 diCm A1,4,...,A^ thi v6i mgi dii5m M SA,SB,SC tuong ung tqi D,E,F.Tim gid tr!
1 m-
trong khong gian, c6 MG =:-
mf,)',tWA,. t
nh6 nhrit cila biu thtrc p =#.#.#
Ldi gi,rti. &.6) LQp lufln tuong t.u thi du 6 nhfn
Dinh lit (Cdng thtc Lagrange - Jacobi ). Gi6 su
G ld trgng t0m cria hQ di6m Ar,,4r,...,A* vd tluschetr*c hay 9a!a9=4
M ldmQtdim tuy f trong khdng gian. Tht5 thi $+S*#=o
tml trong tl6 x = SD,y = SE,z=,SF, 0 1 x I a,
MG2 =i-\
m?
ull' --r= t
m2.-?,
AA2
t r 0<y< b,01z4c (1). Theo BDT Bunyakovsky,
r= I t:t <j:m
OThi dg 6. Cho tn diAn SABC vdi SA-SB=,ff:l. rc=( r.! + 0.1*r.1)' <( a2 +u*., t[1*1*1)
MQt mfit phdng (a) thay d6i tuAn di qua trong \ x y z) '\r y' r)
T?[l#B!
ro '.*
(a) :2x -2y + z *3 = O c1t nhau t4i A . Trn d
ru do 1*1*l t --]1 - . Dine thftc
x' y' z' at+bt+c' 6y mQt di0m B cO einn sao cho AB = a . Xet
. AllI t AD
xayrakhivdchikhi a:b:t'= I ,l t6 # voi M chuy6n d6ng tr6n (a).
xy,l ,1rra
z
Cho.rg minh ring t6n tai mOt vi tri M sao cho
abc
-' +- +"
=4, nghia la khi vd chi khi fj, s6.d6 dqt gi6 tri 16n nhdt vd tim gi6 tri l6n
x\)z nh6t 6y.
i+W+e az +b2 +c2,=-a2 +b2 +c2
X=#,y=::---:-- (2)
6*. Cho tu diQn du ABCD. Tim c5c cli6m
+a44c X,Y,Z,T thuQc c5c m[t phdng (nCO),(COe),
th6a mdn di6u kiQn (1).VdV giflfrnh6 nh6t cria (OeA),(enC) sao cho t6ng dO ddi cdc cpnh
,..r ^ I 1 I 16
*+ g,gz+* la ar+br+cr' cira tu diQn WZI dqt gi|tri nh6 nh6t.
breuthuc r=
7*. Cho tu diQn ABCD sao cho c6c cpnh
dpt dugc e x,y,z x6c tlinh b6i (2). AB,BC,CA tlu nh6 hon c6c canh DA,DB,
nAr 14e DC . Tlm gi6 talcyn nh6t vd nhd nhdt cua PD,
1. Cho hinh lap phucrng ABCD.A'B'C'D'. Hai trong tl6 di6m P th6a mdn di6u kien
dim M,N chuytin il6ng trOn AB vit DD' sao PDz =PAz +PB2 +PC2.
cho AM
8*. Cho tu dien ABCD vudng <y D. Goi
=DN. a,f,/ tucrng img ld g6c gifta <ludng cao
a) Chrmg minh c6c tlucrng thingMN ludn song
DH voi c6c cpnh DA,DB,DC. Tim gi6 tri nh6
song v6i mQt m{t phing cO Ointr.
b) X6c dinh vi tri ctra M,N dC cloan thing nh6t cta bi6u thric p=x|! *Y!z +z+x
MN co dO ddi nh6 nhAt. z2 x2 Y2
trong x = cosd,y = cosp,z = cosy .
<16
2. Cho tu diQn ABCD vd m6t tli6m M
chuy6n dQng trong +? diQn. C6c.tlucrng thdng 9*. Xdt cilc ttt diQn ArArA.,4, cirng ngoai titip
AM,BM,CM,DM cdt circ mdt d6i din cria tu mQt m{t cAu cho tru6c. M6i ti6p diQn oiua mgt
diQn Dn lugt tai A',B',C',D'. Tim gi5 tri nh6 cdu, song song v6i mOt mlt cria tu diQn ndy, cit
nhAt cria biiSu thfc
ra kh6i tu diqn d6 mOt tu diqn nh6. Goi
v,(i=1,2,34) ta tn6 tfch cira kh6i tu diQn nh6
( ue\'.[r".,1
( ue.t' ( ruc\' ( uo\'
.[.".J .[rr.J c6 clinh A, vd V ld the tich cta tu dien
lm )
3. Cho tu diQn ABCD vd mdt di6m M chuy6n Ar44Ao.Tim gi6 tq nh6 nh6t cira
d6ng trong mdt (BCD) . X6c dinh vi tri M dC yt+v1 +y1+vt
---tr vA x6c dinh nhirng tu diQn
t6ng c6c binh phucrng kho6ng cilchti M d6n
ba mdt cdnlai dat gi6tanh6 nh6t. Ar,4rArA, nhu thi5.
4. Cho hai ducrng thing ,Lr,By ch6o nhau c6
10*. Cho tu diQn ABCD. L6y mQt di6m Q
AB = a ld ducrng r.udng g6c chung. Hai dim
nim trong tu dien. Ggi Q' ld di6m cl6i ximg v6i
M,N chuy6n ilQng trn Ax,By tucrng img sao
qua m{t phing (nco). eua e' dr,rng m6t
cho AM + BN = MN.
a) Chrmg minh th6 tich ctra tu diQn ABMN phing song song v6i m{t phdng (nCO), m4t
kh6ng ddi. phing niry clt c6c cludng thing AB,AC,AD
b) X6c dlnh vi tri M,N d,5 doan thing MN c6
tucrng img tqi At,Bl,Ct t4o thdnh hinh ch6p
d0 dei nh6 nh6t.
cytt BCDBTCTD,. Bing cilchlly diOm dOi ximg
c) X6c dinh vi tri M,N AC Aign tich todn phdn
cria tu din ABMN dqt gi|tri nh6 nh6t.
v6i qua mpt mat cdn lpi cria tu diQn r6i dlmg
5. Trong khdng gian cho ducrng th[ng
cic mf;t ph[ng song song tuong t.u nhu tr6n, ta
dugc ba hinh ch6p cpt nta.
x+l y-l
a, '- ,j
z-3 Va mat pnang
=-
t2-2
Hdy xilc dinh vi tri cli6m dC t6ng c6c th6 tich
cria b6n ch6p cut tao thdnh dqt gi|tri nh6 nh6t.
T?EilrH?[
ts nur,r-roru, II
tr{J,
ll
ffifiG lffi BIT D0llG lllUG", i.,.
grgiynirMt,lnilPrlfililrrl,l,tinrn il
" ilGuYfr{viililuo
(GV THPT Nguydn Duy Trinh, Nghi LQc, Ngh An)
OQei toan chimg minh b6t dlng thric (BDT) Tim GTLI'| ctia biu thirc:
UO co su d6nh gi|thay O6i so mfl cira c6c lf,y P=t6 +yu +2" +to +s".
thria thudng lim cho hgc sinh lung tung. Bdi
Phdn tich. Dd su dpng dugc gii thi5t, ta phii
vir5t giOi thiQu cho bpn <19c phucrng ph6p su
thi6t l4p d6nh gi5 fii x7 sang x6, nghia ld gi6m si5
dung BDT Cauchy AC AiC" chinh sO mfl ctra c6c
mff, ta chgn ph0n tu phu ld hing s5, dlra viro
lfry thira trong chimg minh BET ho{c tim gi|tri -.;
cli6m roi x = ! = z =t =s =1, n6n ta , t
chon phAn
lcrn nhat (GTLN) vit gi|tri nh6 nfr6t (CfXtN).
ffi d6 h 1, khi d6 vdi m, n ld c6c sii nguyn
ducrng thi theo BDT Cauchy ta c6:
r. PHUoNG psAp
ntxi +n={1 +x7 +...+x7.+!-111..!
Oe Aanf, gi6 tu lffy thria xo sang lfry thua xp m s6 hmg r sd h4ng
(v6i x ld sd thlrc ducrng), ta thudng ldm nhu sau: 7n

> (m + n1'*{l x" = (m + n)x'*n .
. X5c dinh <li6m roi cria BDT;

7m
. Dua vdo tliiSm rcri, dua vdo phAn tu php fuhAn DO c6 x6 ta chgn =6<) m=6n, ti d6
m+n
tu phu thuong ld hing s5 ho[c tdng qu6t h bi6u
chgn m=6, n=1.
thtc c6 dqng xt ), dua vdo BDT Cauchy chfng
Ldi gidi. Theo BET Cauchy, ta c6:
ta thi6t hp d6nh gi6 sau:
mx" + nxt > (m + n).^*{l x^" .x'1 x' + x' + x' + x' + x' + x' +l>1{x* =7x6.
mq+nf
-(m+n)x'*' (*) Suy ra 6xi +l)1*u,ding thric xiry ra khi vd

chi khi y1 =l e v -1.
,A
(voi m, n la cdc s6 nguy6n duong). Tu (*) dC
c6 tl6nh gi5 tu x" sang xB ta cin chon c6c s5 Tucrng t.u, ta c6: 6y7 +lr-7 yu , 627 +l> 7 z6
*o*nY 6{ +l>7t6,6s1+1>7s6.
nguy6nduong mvdnsaocho =9.
m+n
CQng c6c BDT cing chidu o tr6n, ta dugc:
rr. MQr so rHi Dv 6(x7 + y' + r' +t7 + s7)+5
Thi dU l. Gia sL x. 1,, z, t. s ld cac s6 thq'c >7(xu + yu + zu +tu + su1.
du'o'ng lha.v dot lhoa man: MAt kh6c, theo gi6 thi6t thi
x'+y'+21 +t'+s'<5.
x'+y'+z'+t7 +s7 <5.
rz
T?[l#E! ,,*
Tir hai BDT trdn ta suy ra P <5. DA th6y khi KCt hqp v6i hQ thfc (*) suy ra P <9.
x=!=z=t=s=l thi *'+y'+21 +t7 +s7 =5
Khi a=b=c=1 thi ab+bc+ca=3abc virP:9.
vi P=5. Vay maxP=5. Vpy maxP = 9.
Thi du 2. Cho ba s6 thu'c dttong thay dl)i a, b, c' Thi dU 3. Cho cdc s6 thac daong a, b, c.
thoa mdn ab+bc+ca:3abc. Tim GTLN cl)ct Chu'ng minh ring;
biu thirc: 333
( o \2 ( t ): ( c ): 3
- zJl'
P = 5(a + b + c) -2(a^ + b1 + c1).
\t*")' lo*r) [r-b )
Phfrn tich.Tri gi6 thi6t ta 1*1+l=3. D
3
"o abc phdn tich. ra cin d6nh gi6* (#)'

cl5nh gi6c{n tr6n oiua P, ta cdn ddnh gi6 ti aa
'**
-, ),
sang 4, dlra vdo di6m roi a=b=c=|, ta cdn a -.7.
dua viro <lim roi a= b=c khi tl6
b+c'
dua vdo phAn tu phg ld 1. *f,i tl6 v6i m, n lit cftc
a
( a ), '=
sd nguy6n duong thi theo BDT Cauchy ta c6: I -:- l- = , tu d6 ta chon phAn tu phu h
1
fb+c ) zJz'
m* na* > (m + n).tm+n\\-.a'"
lt: 1..._.
, khi do voi m, n ld cic sd nguy6n duong
-o t, 2t2-
4n-m
* n)a,*, thi theo BDT Cauchy tathdy:
= (m
llm
Dti c6 a a ( a\, l( t \'/ a \z
*\l;E)l.,*)
l-- -*
cdn chon m, n sao cho:
ml
\b+c)
| +n-)(m+
2J2
1
t
=l e3n=2m, tuCI6 chon m=3, n=2. - 3m
m+n
l( t\'(o
m+nll | l-
\21.*,1
=(m+n). |
Ldi gidi.Tri gi6 thi6t ta 1+l*1=3 (*). \\z,D)'\t+c)

-
"o abc
Theo BDT Cauchy, ta c6: ;..3m
Ta cdn chon
' 2(m+n). -1<+ m=2n, nn chgn
1+2oo=l*1 +!+ro
q
+ao >rr[; =ro. n =1, m =2.
a a a 'lat
Ldi gi,rti. Theo BET Cauchy, ta c6
Dingthric xdyrae 1= aa <:.a-1.
a ( a ( a \l .#"ilrol,.")
\l .l'*f r fJ,t
Tucrng tu, ta c6: l'*l
1a 3
1-1
:-+2b* > 5b, :+2c" > 5c.
bc Suvra:
" z( ' \' *-L. :3'
\b+c) 2J2 J21b+c1
C$ng ba BET cirng chiu 0 tr0n, ta ducrc:
Ding thric xity rakhi vd chi khi
.(!*+.1)
(a b c) +2(oa +b4 +co1>s1a+b+c). ( a \,
3
t a
ll
lb." ) -rE- b*"-,

1
T?!ilrHEE
ta nur,r-roru, IB
Tuong fi;,ta c6: Ta cAn dbnh gi6 hi J; .rrg Vi, nghia ld ta
3 ll
.,( b I
'lo*")\'- '2J,-,Jlg*r1 tu x2 sang x3, tttc ld tlSnh gi5
3b cdn d6nh gi6
i-
gidm so mfl, dua viro di6m roi x = y = z =1, ta
,1. " )]*' , I 3" dua vdo phdn tu phg ld 1, khi d6 v6i m, n ld c6c
-\a+b) 2Jr- Ji@+b)' sd nguyOn duong thi theo BDT Cauchy, ta c6:
CQng c5c BDT crlng chiOu o trOn, ta dugc: tfin

: rl **i + n.1> (m+ n)'*il xj = lm + n)x2t**') .
[ :
-:-)'
'llu*")
,l( +( -!-)' *l,
'lo+r) ' )' l.-:-
'lo+b) I zJi DC
,lml-
c6 x3 ta chgn
'2(m+n) =le m=2n,ti
L] 3
>-l
3( a b c \
-Jrl.b+c'q+c a+b)'
I
d6 chgn m=2, n=7.
-f,-r-
Ldi gidi. Theo'BDT Cauchy, ta c6:
Mdt kh6c, theo BDT Cauchy ta c6:
o * b * ' =!l,o*b\+tb+c\ Ji * Ji+ 1 > 3Vi > 2J;+ 1 > 3Vi.

b+c a+c a+b 2L' Ding thric xiry rakhi vd chi khi
| I I
' 'r[b+c* a+c* a+b )-322-:=1.
+tr+oi(
) 2 2 Ji=l<>x=1.
Tri hai BDT 0 tr6n suy ra: Tuong tu, ta c6:
( a \j ( rt \j (c ); 3 zJi *t>3ili; zJ, +t*l;.

lo+r) 'lo+") 'lo+b) -2J,
I I I rl-l\.-
'l
CQng c6c BDT cing chidu o trn, ta dugc:

BDT da cho dugc chimg minh.
2(Ji + 1, + J 4+3 > 3(Vi * 1l y + :G) .
Ding thric xiry rakhi vd chi khi
al M{t kh5c, cflng theo BDT Cauchy ta c6:

b+c 2 (Ji+ Ji * J 4' : x * ! + z + 2rfxy
-=-
bt
a+c 2 *2rlyr+zJi<3(x+ y+z).
-=-OA=b=C.
, _l
a+b 2 Suy ra Ji * Ji *Ji < JT@. y.4
Thi dII 4. Cho x, y, z ld cdc sd thac daong. K6t hqp hai BDT 6 tr6n, ta duoc:
Chu'ng minh ring;
2J; +y+ r*.,6 >.6tJi + 1l y + il ry,
2,tG;),+, *.,6>",6tJi *1ly *l,lrl.
BDT dA cho dugc chimg minh. D[ng thirc trong
Phfrn tich. Tru6c ti6n ta cAn chimg minh BDT:
BDT de cho x6y ra khi vd chi khi x - y - z -1.
\Ji +"{y +$t+3>3(Vi *7ly *l,Et.
t4 TORN HQC
'clirdiU@
Thi du 5. Cho n ,;6 thtt'c rrr, -r.,... -r thcr.v d6i. BAI TAP
l: t: |,
l. Cho x, !, z ld c6c s6 thgc kh6ng 6m thoa mdn
thoa miin. 2) +2 2 +...+22 ) n. v6'i n ld s6 x'o +y'o +z'o <3072. Tim GTLN cta bi6u thric:
nguy1n du'o'ng cho trtrhc, va lu6n thda mdn diitr P=xB +y'+zt.
kiin n>2. Tittt Cf.ry,ry t'trct hi<;tr tltirt':
2. Gie s'iu a, b, c ld cdc
thgc duong th6a mdn si5
P=8'' +8" +...+8.r'. at + b5 + ct =729. TIrGTNN cta bi6u thric:
Ldi gidi. Theo BDT Cauchy ta c6: âub6cur-.

U--+-
bc ca ab
8'' + 5 = 8'' + 1+ 1+ 1+ 1+ 1> 6.V8''
3. Cho a, b ld c6c sd thgc ducrng th6a m6n
l1 7',7
Suy ra 8'' + 5 > 6.2' . Ding thirc xiry ra khi vd ai + b1 > 2 . Chimg minh ring aE + bi > 2.
chikhi 8', =1 hay { =0. 4. Cho c6c s6 thlrc ducrng a, b, c th6a mdn
l1l
Tucrng t.u, ta c6: al + bi + = 3. Tim GTLN ctra bii5u thirc:
"1
x2 ???
8" +5>6.2', E=a7 +b7 +c7.
x3
5. Cho c6c sti thr,rc ducrng a, b, c.
8" +5)6.2',
Chrmg minh ring:
84+5>6.22. 2(at +bt +ct +a'+b'+c')*__l_=r.

a'+b3 +c3 (a+b+c)2
CQng n BDT ctng chi6u 0 tr6n, ta c6:
6. Cho c6c s6 thuc duong x, !, tl6i th6a
Z thay
8", +8', +...+8'. +5n26(22 +22 +...+22)

,l x2 xn
man r'ooo + y'ooo + z'ooo >3. Tim GTNN cira
> 6n.
bitiu thr?c: A= y2ots * y2ots + z2ots .
7. Cho c5c s6 thgc duong a, b, c.

Suy ra P>n. DE th6y khi xt=x2-...-r, -0 Chimg minh ring:
x, x2 x4 555
thi 22 +22 +...+22 =n vd P=n. Vay (a)+(o);(c\;3
lzo+t") 'lzc+ta) 'lza+3b) -s6'
l-l rl-l rl-l \-
min P -- n.
8. Vdi a, b, c, d, eld c6c si5 thqrc ducrng thay
x6t tuan. Tu bdi virit chirng ta rit ra mot kinh aOi. tim GTNN cria biiSu thfc sau:
nghiCm cho viQc hoc to6n tl6 ld thucmg xuy6n ,J-l-
( +o \+( I rl-l
+tt )T
tim c6ch eC Ui6n AOi v6n dA, bi6n d6i c6c tinh (b+c+d+e) \c+d+e+a)
hu6ng oia cdc bdi to6n. Tir d6 sE g6p phAn cho
rl-l
( +c )f( rl-l
qa )?
chring ta giiti quy6t duoc nhi6u bdi to6n kh6 tu \d+e+a+b) [e+a+b+c)
cilcbiti toSn co b6n. EC thdnh thao v6i phucrng
(
rl-l
4e \f
ph6p tr6n c6c em th? bht tay vdo gi6i c6c bdi
(a+b +c+d )
to5n sau.
T?EilrHEEI5
ts nur,r-roro
BitiT7l457. Kf hiQu Se, V theo thr? t.u ld diQn
at tich todn phin vd thti tich cira tu diQn ABCD.
pt . (r \3 >Jir2.
ringI ls,,
\o - /I
Chrmg minh
tl (GV Truong Tnmg Vuong, D6ng Hd, Qudng Tri)

LUC BiNH
t/,4{
Bii T8/457. Cho da gi6c 16i r canh (n>4)
cAc lop rHCS 44.4.Chimgminhrang

n + sin A, + sin A, + ...+ sin A,
Blni Tll457 (Lop 6). Tim si5 t.u nhi6n n th6a
mdn cli6u kiAn 2.22 +3.23 +4.24 +...+n.2n =f34. <z( ,orA, -
A,
* - o, *... *.o, 4 - 4 ).
vtt u0u cttiN \ 4 "oro, 4 4)
1Cf fUCS UAng Bdng, TP. Hdi Phdng) Ding thilc xhy rakhi nio?
NGITYEN VIET HLING
BitiT2t457 (L{rp 7). Tim c6c s6 nguy6n a, b, c
(GV THPT chuyAn KHTN, DHQG Hd NAi)
dc c6 * ul+lo - cl+lc - al= 20t4" + 2015' .
la
TI6N TOI oLYMPIC ToAN
NGUYEN EUc rAN gr ua Chi Minh)
BitiT9l457. Tim t6t ci cbc b0 ba (x; y; p) g}m
Biti T31457. Cho JU) ld ita thric c6 hC s6
hai s6 nguy6n ducrng x,y vdsd nguydn t6 p th6a
nguy6n vn fil) : 2. Chtmg minh ring ft7)
khdng the h sd chinh phu<rng. mdn p'-lP =1.
NGUYENDINH SON NGU^1EN TUAN NGSC
(GV THPT Trdn Cao Vdn, Tam K), Qudng Nam) (GV THPT chuyAn Tiin Giang, TP. Mj Tho, Tiin Giang)
Bili T41457. Cho tam gi6c nhgn ABC vbi cdc Bni T10/457. Cho ft ld sd thuc l6n hon 1. Xdt
tlucrng cao AH,BK. Ggi M ld trwg dim ctn AB.
Dudng thing CM clt UX tai D. Kd AL vudng
g6c v6i BD tai L. Chimg minh ring dudng trdn
tli qua ba di6m C, K, L ti6p xric v6i rlucrng thing
BC,
I-P VIPT AN gt *o Thin - Hu) n dAu canbdchai
Bii T5/457. Giei he phucrng trinh: Chimg minh{x,} ld day hQi tq vd tim limx, .
n-)@
lg*' *2x+(y-1).fi-1=o PHAM HUNG (Hd NAi)
for'+ y2 +J5-6y =6 Bni T11/457.Ybi m6i sO n nguy6n ducrng, <t{t
LIJONG CAO VINH
(G[/ THPT COng Hiin, Wnh Bdo, Hdi Phdng)
dd=z&.
dl,
CAC rOp THPT 1) Chrmg minh ring y\;n) ld him nhdn tinh,
Bili T61457. Chofir) ld tta thfc bOc ba v6i hQ nghia li: rftab)=tfta)ly($ nil (a,b)=1.
s6 cao nh6t ta 2 vd th6a mdn: 2) Cho / ld sd nguy6n ducrng 16. Chimg minh
f (2014) =20t5, f (2015) =20t6. ring: rln)=yt(n+t) chi xiy ra t4i hiru hpn si5
T itlh f (20t6) - f (2013) . nguy6n duong n.
rArra quoc roAN NGTTYEN DIJ THAI
(GV THPT chuyn Nguydn Thi Minh Khai, S6c Trdng) (Lop Todn K25, DHKH Hue)
rCT?!T#M
Birl T"!2/45?. Cho tam gi6c ABC nQi ti6p <tucrng
trdn (O) vd ngoai ti6p clucrng trdn (1). C5c ti6p
tuytin v6i (O) tqi B vd C c6t nha., tai T. Goi M
ld trung ditim ctra BC; D ld dim chinh gita
cung BC khdng cht?a di6m A; AM cdt lpi (O) tsi
E; AT c6t cpnh BC tai F: J ld trung diem cia
do1n IF.Chtmg minh rbng fdi = ffr
Ap d\rng sd : R2:R: : 1000 O ; r: 5000 O ; C
.
HO QUANG VrNH (11dNdi

: 0,2 1t"F ; ro : 1000 radls, tinh R vir L.
B&i I 1i45?" OC Ao dien trd R vd d6 t.u c6m Z
ctra cuQn ddy, ta dung cAu xoay chidu n5i vdo DrNH THAr QUl1VH (Hd Nr.i)
: -.^ xoay chi6u c6 t6n s6 g6c co (Hinh
nguon dien
,.) Eii [.2/,*57" TrCn m6t doan s6ng thing vd bing
,i t
^ t6c
phdng, vfln ch6y cta nudc 6n ilinh v,. MQt
vE). C ld mdt tp diQn c6 cliQn dung d5 bi6t, R3 ld
ca-n6 xu6t ph6t tu A voi t6c dQ khdng cl6i v.
din tro c6 giri tri dd bi6t 6 hinh du6i, R2 vd r ld
(v"> v,) vd 1u6n hu6ng ,rC f O phia bo COi alQn
hai bi6n trd, r l6p nOi tiep voi C. gi6n dOi Rz va
nhu hinh v6. Tim quy 1u6t chuy6n clQng cira
r cl6 cAu c6n bing (kh6ng c6 dong rli6n qua f, ca-nO khi e0 - 120"? Bo qua mgi ma s6t vd xem
ta dgc dugc Rz vd r. Goi c6c t6ng trd cira doan kich thudc ca-n6 kh6ng cl6ng k6.
AB, BD, AE, ED lAn luqt ld 21,22, Zz, Zq. A
a) VE gi6n <16 Fr6-nen. Suy ra m6i lien hQ giua
R, L vit C, r, a).
b) Tinh t6ng tro Zr vd t\m li6n h0 gifta chfng.
Suy ra mOi ti6n hC gita R, L vir C, r, R3, R2. B
c) Tinh R vit L theo c6c gi6 tri d5 bi6t flr, R2, C, r, a. NGo AN HoA KV eP. H6 chi Minh)
P*o3lffi$ I}{?HIS TsfI'E Froblern 'T51457" Solve the following system

FOR SECONDARY SCHOOL
of equations
Froblem Tll457 (For 6ih Grade). Find all natural
numbers r satisffing Ilr'+ 2x+(y-l)J[Jr=o
2.22 +3.23 +4.2a +...+n.2n -2n+34 . [er'+ y2 +J5-611=6
Problem TZl457 (For ?'h Crade). Find integers F'OR HIGHSCHOOL
a. b,and c such that
Problem 751457. Suppose that flx) is a
la - bl+lo - cl+lc - al= 2ot4o + 2ots' . polynomial of degree 3 and its leading
Problem T31457. Suppose that ./(x) is a coefficient is equal to 2. Also assume that
polynomial with integral coefficients andfl1) : f Qalq=2015, f {2015)=20t6.
2. Show that fl7) is not a perfect square. Find /(201 6)- f (20t3).
Problem T41457, Given an acute tiangle ABC
Problern T7l457.Let S* and Zrespectivelybe
with altitudes AH, BK. Let Mbe the midppoint
of AB. The line through CMintersect HK at D. the surface area and the volume of the
Draw AL perpendicular to BD at Z, Prove that tetrahedron ABCD. Prove that
the circle containing C, K, andZ is tangent to /t 'tl
the line going through BC. lls,. I >Jtrz .
\o')
(Xem fiAp ftung 261
.e .gr,r-rrrr, 58+,rHEE 1 7
Ldi gidi.
GXRX
tsKX
xY rnuoc
Tt ND=Al*.
gi6 thi6t ta tinh clugc BAE=20*,
Gqi K ld giao diilm cta AE vitcD. N6i K voi B.
Bni T1/453. Tim cac s6 ttr nhi)n x, y, z thoct Theo gid thi6t ta c6 KA : KC. Ta sO chimg
mdn xt. + y! * ,l: i, v,ii ru- la s6 rtnthin minh: KA: KB: KC.Thil vAy, gid su
cti bo chrt's6. nl:1.2.3...n vd 0l : L KB < KA.Khi d6 KBA> KAB =20" ; KB < KC
Ldi gi,fii. Ta c6 4l :24; 5r. : 120;6! : 720. Ndu
,A
mot trong c6c sd x, y, z bbng 6 ho{c l6n hon 6 = fii , fdE = 4oo , suy ra
th\ xyz:xt.*yl*zl > 720,sttyra x>'7,md. fu=G,q*furffi', trLi gib thi6t. Tucrng qu,
7! > 1000, suy ra m6i sO x, y, z cl6u phii nho kh6ng xhy ra KB > KA, do vf,y ta co KA: KB :
hon 6. Lric d6 ryz = Layr.'rz!< 5!+51+5!= 360 KC (1). Ta c6 LKAB cAn tqi K nOn
n6n r < 3. Do x1z< 3!+yl+ zl< 6 +5!+51=246 BKE=ZBAK=40"; LKBC cAn t4i 1( n6n
nln x<2. fEE =idE =40" LBEK can t4i E vit EB :

=
. Xdt x : 2. Tt 2l + yl + zt : 2y tuy ru EK (2). Ta lai c6 5FE=2fr8=80":
yt. * zl > 197 >4! + 5! nny : 7 : 5.
Thir lai tathdy khdng th6a m6n.
KDB=DAC+DCA=80o
= LBDK c6n t4i ,B vd
BD: BK (3). X6t hai tam gi6c EBD vd EKC, c6
. Xet x : Tt l! +y! * 71.: ly ,uy
1. ru
EB : EK (theo (2)), ffi=fu=fi', BD=KC
4l + 4l <98 < yt * zl <200 < 5! + 5! n6n trong
t , ". (theo (1) vd (3)), do cl6 ABD=AEKC=ED=K
hai s6 y, z phhi c6 mQt sO bSng 5 vd mQt s6
bing 4. Thir v6i y: 5, z : 4 tath6y kh6ng th6a > LEDC cdn tai E.VAy diE =6dE =40". D
m6n; v6i y =\ z =5 th6a mdn (1! +4! +5! = 14O. YNhQn xdt. l) Bdi to6n ndy c6 dpng quen thuQc.
Vfly bdi to6n c6 nghiQm duy nh6t ld: Ngoii c6ch gi6i trn ddy, mQt s6 b4n cdn dirng
x:1,y:4, z:5. tr phucrng ph6p vE th6m tam gi6c d6u.
YNhQn xlr. Nhi6u ban lflp lu4n.kh6ng tlAy du hopc \ Tdt ch cbc bqn tham gia grii bdi d6u cho k6t qu6
ddi ddng. C6c b4n sau c6 ldi gi6i t6t: Phr[ Thg: Nguyn
tltng. C6c bpn sau tl6y c6 loi gidi t6t: Phri Thg: L
Chi C6ng,6A3, THCS Ldm Thao; Vinh Phric: Zd Na,7A, THCS Thi tr6n II, Y6n Lpp;Vinh Phric: la
Minh Vit Anh,6A,THCS Vinh Ydn, TP. VTnh Y6n, Kim Thanh Hiin, 6A4, Duong Tidn Dgt, 7A2,
Tq Kim Thanh Hiin,6A4, THCS YAn L4c, Trdn THCS YOn Lpc; Hi NQiz Dinh Hodng NhQt Minh,
Minh Huy,6,4., THCS Lf TU Trong, Binh Xuy6n; 7A5, THCS Cdu Gi6y; NghQ An: Nguydn Dinh
Hii Phdng: Biti Thi Thiry Linh, 6A, THCS Dai Tuiin, Dqtng Nit Qu)nh Anh, 7C, THCS Ly Nhat
Thdng' Ti6n Ldng' Quang, D6 Luong; Quing Ngii: Mai Thi Thu Thdo,
vrET HAI
7C, THCS Thi tr6n S6ng V6, VO Thi H6ng Kiiu,7A,
FiiliT21453. Cho tam giac ABC 16 Bii:50u, THCS Nghia M|, Tu nglfia, Nguydn Thi Kiiu Mdn,
fu=fi". TrAn canh AB vd BC lin tagt ldy cac 78, THCS Kim Vang, Trtcong Thi Mai Trdm, Dd
fhi Mt Lan, Nguydn L Hodng DuyAn,7A, THCS
dim D vd E sao
"ho
trdD =diE:30". Phpm VIn D6ng, NghTa Hdnh.
Tinh sd do gdc CDE.
NGUYEN XUAN BiNH

Bni T3/453. Cho ba s6 thwc dtong e, b, c. Ldi gi,rti. Ta chimg minh dugc FHldph6n giSc
gia tri lon nhh cua biu thac: trong cira g6c EFD.VI FA L FH nln FAlir
T- a+b+c phdn giSc ngodi cria goc EFD, ta c6

(4a2 +2b2 +l)(4c2 +3) NHIHIHD d. ,ll
Ldi gidi. Da s5 c6c ban cl0u su dgng BDT Cauchy ADHDNAD

-=- -=-
vd BDT Bunyakovsky dC giai bdi toSn niy: A
(4a2 +2bz +l)(4c2 +3)

t zu +!+?)[1*,
-(-"or, +za,
=( ' 3' 3J(3 ' 3 *0., *r')
'-' '')
.(r, *J-*no#.#r,.#")
l. .)
=1lo+b+c+t)'
BC
>
416 b+ c).1=l(a+ b+ c).
DK
j.4.(o+ Qua tIk6 ducrng thlng song song v6i AS, cbt
a+!j:__< SD vd SI t1i M, N tuong ong. Ap ftrng dinh li
ra T
3
suy -^
o.-_.
t=
Ga, +2b\r)\4c, +r> 16' HN
Dlng thric xity rakhi vd chi khi
Thalds tu"n
As=4'41, {do HN ll AS) (2)
It HM= HD HM tt AS)
(_
Itt=-
t6 ff fi fao (3)
)za.Jz = b.J3 =
J1.2, J: <> ) o:! rt (1), (2), (3) suy ra
# ff = , rur ru
lo*b*, =t l3
l1 HN: HM,
l, =, YQy LSMN li tam gi6c cdn tai S, do d6
^tKld
,2, phdn gi6c cria g6c DSI. J
YAy T d,at gi6 tri l6n nhat lA *.1
16
YNhQn xit Chi c6 s6u bqn tham gia gi6i bdi to6n ndy
vd r5t cA ddu cho loi gi6i thrng. Xin n6u tdn c6 s6u bqn:
YNhQn xdt. CAc b4n c6 loi gi6i t5t nt6t: Pht[ Thg:
Hn NQi: Ddng Thanh Timg, Nguyn Thdnh Long,
Hodng Thi H6ng Ngat, Ddo Tudn Minh, Phan Ph?i Vuong Tin Dgt, 98, THCS Nguy6n Thucmg Hidn,
Dilng, Nguydn Hdi Ductng,8A3, THCS Ldm Thao, Ung Hoi; NghQ An: Hodng Trin Duc,8D, THCS Li
Ldm Thao; Hi NQi: Vaong Tidn Dst, Nguydn Thdnh Nh4t Quang, E6 Luong; Thanh Hoiz Dfing @tong
Long, Ddng Thanh Titng, 9B., THCS Nguy6n Anh, 8A, THCS Nguy6n Chich, E6ng Son; \rmh
Thugng Hi6n, Ung Hda; Thanh lciba: Nguydn Thi Phitc: Nguydn MinhHi*u,gD, THCS V"rnhY6n.
Hodng Cuc, 8D, THCS Nht 86 Sy, Hoing H6a, NGUYEN THANH HONG
Dfing Quang Anh,8A, THCS Nguy6n Chich, D6ng
Bni T5i453. Cho cac s6 a, b,c duong th6a mdn
Scrn; Vinh Phic: Nguydn Minh Hiu,9D, Phitng
aa +ba +ca <2(a2b2 +bzcz +c2a2). Chwng minh
it, nhdt
Vdn Nam,gE, THCS Vinh YCn, TP. Vinh YCn.
': mdt trong cdc phwrng trinh sau v6
NGUYEN ANH QUAN
nghiQm: axz +2bx*2c =0, bx2 +2cx+2a=0,
BniT4l453. Cho tam gidc ABC nhon co ba
cx2 +2ax +2h = 0.
dwdng cao AD, BF, CE cdt nhau tqi H. Lify K ftn
Ldi gi,fii. Cdch l. Gi6 sit ci ba phuong trinh
doan DC. VA AS L HK tqi S, EF cfu AH mi I.
ax2 +2bx +2c = 0 (1), bx2 +2cx +2a = 0 (2),
Chtimg minh rdng SH ld phdn giac cia 6il .
cx2 +2ax+2b = 0 (3) tt6u c6 nghiQm. Khi d6
T?E$.,HS
"a
nur,r-ror' Ig
Li:b' -Zac> 0; Ai : c2 -2ab> 0; Loi gi,rtL Cdch I (cira b4n D6 Hodi Phuong,
L', : a' -2bc > 0. Suy ra 9C, THCS Tuy6t Nghia, Qu5c oai, Hn NOD.
-,., ,.. -i. , -;. ,.
Vi he^ 0) cloi ximg ddi v6i xvity n6n ta c6 th6
lb'>2ac>o
tl Iba)4a2c2
gi6 thiOt x>y. Do (1) n6n x>0.
{c2>Zab>0=lca)4a2b2
tt ,-
lo' 2bc > 0 lro > 4b2c2 TH1: y=$ ) a= l= (r;y)=(l'0).
TH2: y> 0. Do (1) nn x,y e (0 ; 1). Suy ra
- aa + ba + ca > 4a2b2 a 46zrz + 4c2a2
Theo gi6 thi6t a4 +ba +ca <2(azb2 +b2c2 +cza2). l=f +f >f +f:1, mduthu6n.
Suy ra azbz +b2c2 +c2a2 /-0. Di6u ndy v6 li vi
It ), l
a, b, c ld cdc s6 ducrng.
V4y c6 it nhlt m6t trong ba phuong trinh d5
TH3: y<0. Taco:tn o]F-.,.-'
11-4 =r
cho v6 nghiQm. tt' -ri
Cach 2.Theo gia thitit Do d6, n6u hC (I) c6 nghiQm ("h;yo) thi hp G)
aa +ba +ca 42(a2b2 +b?cz +c2az) (t A"\
+b2 +cz)z <4(a2bz +bzcz +cza2) (*)
cfrng c6 nghigm I _: h)l. fry nhi6n v6iy < 0
' \-rb
=(a2
Do a, b, c ld chc sti ducrng ndn 2nbc(a+b+c)>0 (t
thi theo TH2, -',\
t<trOng li nghim cria (I).
e a2b2 +bzcz +czaz +Zabc(a+b+c) I-; --&-
\xo h)|
> a2b2 + b2c2 + c2a2 Ktit luan: h (I) c6 hai nghiOm ld (1;0) vd (0;l).
e(ab+bc+ca)z > a2b2 +b2c2 +czaz1xx1 Cdch 2 (cria b4n Vil Minh Thdnh, 11 To6n 1,
Tt (*) vd.(**) suy m THPT chuyn HrmgYCn, Hung YOn).
(a2 +b2 +cz)2 <a(ab+bc+ca)' Tt h9 O suy ra (1- f)':(r-ys)3 (3). Khai
) az + b2 + c2 <Zab +2bc +2ca tri6n vd bien dOi (3) ta cluoc:
> Ll, + Li, + L:3 = a2 + bz + c2 -2ab -2bc -Zca < 0 f?-rf(sf*tsf*u/*z)f*nf )=0
B
= it nh6t mQt trong c6c s6 L't, L'2,A! phai h y=0 hoic y:1. Tt ddy ta tim clugc nghiQm
s6 am. Do it6 it nhht m6t trong ba phucmg trinh
dd cho v6 nghiQm. tr ctra hQ G). (Chf y ring bitiu thr?c
YNhQn xdt. Da s6 c6c b4n d6u gi6i theo mQt trong / 3\2*Tyly*
b:5)rV+, $ ^( 62\2
hai c6ch tr6n. Tuy6n duorg c6c bpn sau c6 loi gi6i ol
t6t: Ua NQi: Za Bd S6ng,8C, THCS Thanh Thiy,
Thanh Oai; Pht[ Thgz Trdn Quiic Ldp, Trin Thi Thu * 740( 189\2 D5
*l'*ffi)*se2='o' vYe R)'
Huyin, Hodng Thi Hing Ngdt, 8A3, THCS Ldm
Thao; Bic Ninh: Nguydn Thi Bich Hdng,gA.THCS Cdch 3 (cira nhiu b4n). Ta c6:
Y6n Phong; Vinh Phrfic: Nguydn Minh Hiu, 9D, lk+ "yP' -3xy(x+ yS=l
Phitng Vdn Nam,gE, THCS Vinh Y6n, TP. \'inh
(I) <+i'
[x2 +l Xx3 + f)- f f lx+.y) = I
Y6n; Thanh H6a: Ddng Quang Anh, 8A, THCS
Nguy6n Chich, D6ng Son; NghQ An: Hodng Trin D$t: x+y=s, xy=b. Do (1) n6n a>0, khi d6
Dtbc, 8D, THCS Ll)i NhQt Quang, D6 Luong; Hi (d (4)
Tinhz LA Tudn Anh,gA, THCS Phan Huy Chr! h0 (I) tro thhnh: I -3ah=l ' '. Tu (4) suy
Th4ch Hd; Vinh Long: Chdu Minh Khdnh, 9112, ld -2b-a* =l (s)
THCS LC Qulf D6n, TP. Vinh Long.
ra:
_ d-l
b:\;, thay vdo (5) vd bi6n tl6i, ta dugc:
PHAM THI BACH NGQC
Bni T61453. Giai hQphwong trinh: d -5d +9a-5=0 <> (a-lf (d +3d +6a+5)=0
lxr + ri =l (l) e a-l=0 (do a> 0)e a=l = b:0.
Il."+l=l (2)', rr).
' Di5n d6y ta cflng tim dugc nghiQm cua (I). D
20'?EI#@
YNhQn xA. f6t cic cilc bpn tham gia ddu gi6i tltng
bdi niy. Ngodi ba c6ch gi6i tr6n, mQt s6 bpn cdn
dung b6t ding thirc, d4o hdrm, ... cflng tim dugc
nghiQm cria hQ. Ngodi b4n Phuong vd b4n Thdnh,
cdcbqn sau c6 lcri gi6i ngin ggn: Hi NQi: Ninh D*c
Cudng, l0 To6n, THPT Chu Vdn An, Nguydn Xudn
Phuong Til,10 To6n, THPT Sor Tdy; Vinh Phric:
Od fan Quyiit, tlAl, Hd Hiru Linh,10Al, THPT
chuy6n Vinh Phirc; Thii Nguy6nz Ma Thi Khdnh
Huyin,ToinK25, THPT chuy6n Th5i Nguy6n; Phr[
Tho: Nguydn D*c Thudn, l0 To6n, THPT chuy6n AMB
Hing Vucmg; Hung YOnz Dactng Hdng Son,l0A9,
THPT Duong Quing Hdm, VIn Giang; Nam D!nh:
Ng6 Tudn Anh, ll Todn 1, THPT chuy6n L6 H6ng
Mrtkh6c,
#=i#=r#=+,
Phong; Thanh H6az Nguydn Tidn Tdi,llT, THPT
chuyCn Lam Scrn; Vfi Hftu Tilng, Nguydn Haong
=# = ocL=r-i-*=(, -i)*
Giang, l0Al, THPT Hoing H6a IV, Hoing H6a; ring
NghQ An: Nguydn Phing Thdi Ctdng,10Al, THPT =RF =RE-EF =RE-Me=t.tO.Luu 1i
Thdi Hoa, TX. Th6i Hita, Xudn Hitng, llTl,

Hi g6c gita kE vit PQbAng or n6n
THPT DO Luong I, D6 Lucrng; Hi finh: Ng6 ViQt Spno = ' 1.rvllv.Rr.=i.r,
Hodng,l0Tl, THPT chuydn He finh, Phqm Hilng, )PQ.RF.sina= 2
11B1, THPT CAm Xuy6n, C6m Xuy6n; Binh Dinh:
=L.se.ao.sinro.
Trin Vdn Thin, lO To6n, THPT chuydn L6 Quf 4
D6n; Ninh Thufn: Trin L Xudn Trilc, l0 To6n, Ydy S*,uroa = Sunpe * Srno
THPT chuy6n L6 Quli D6n; Phri Ydn Nguydn /t\
Hu)nh Huy Mdn,10 To6n 1, THPT chuydn Luong = rl t-44)].sa.ao.sinr,r (*).

"
Vdn Ch6nh, TP. Tuy Hda; Long Anz Dqng Thdnh
[
Ap dung b6t Aing thirc Cauchy ,ta c6
Trung,10T2, THPT chuy6n Long An; S6c tring:
Vacrng Hodi Thanh,llA2T, THPT chuy6n Nguy6n
Thi Minh Khai. +(,-+) ,i(+.'-+)'=i
TRAN HUU NAM
BdiT71453. Cho hinh ch6p til'giac S.ABCD = ,(r +).1. ru (*) suy ra
c6 day ABCD la hinh binh hdnh. M6t di6m M I
di d.ong trn cctnh ddy lB (M khdc A, B). Mdr Sr*r*e<rSa.fO.sinco. Eing thirc xiy ra khi
phdng (g) di qua M d6yS thdi song song vbi
vir chi khi !" =t-L.,.tr= ?. Oo d6 din
SA, BD. Xdc dlnh thit din cita hinh chop 443
S.ABCD cat bcti (cr) va tim vi rri diem M de tich thitit diQn MNPRQ lon nfrat bing
thit din do c6 din tich l6n nhdt. I
*SA.BD.sinro, d4t tlugc khi vd chi khi MthuQc
Ldi gi,rti. Ke MN ll BD (N eAD); NP ll SA 3
(P e SD) ; MQ ll SA (Q e SB). Gqi O ld giao doanABsao cho O
di6m hai dulng cheo AC vd BD; E = MN nAC;
#=r.
YNhQn xdt.}/rflt sti ban x6c <linh kh6ng dung thitit
F =PQISO; R=SCnEF. Khi d6 thi6t dien diQn tpobdi m{t phlng (cr) vd hinh ch6p S.ABCD,
cin tim h ngfl gi6c MNPRQ. Goi ro ld g6c gita d5n d6n viQc tim vi tri tli6m M.1&6ng chinh x6c.
Nhfi'ng bpn. sau c6 loi gi6i t6t: Thii Nguy6n:
SAvitBD.Ddt x =AM (o<x<1). Khid6
.AB Nguyn Triu Minh, 11 To6n, THPT chuydn Th6i
Nguydn; YGn B6i:. Vil Hing Qudn, 11 To6n, THPT
MN: x.BD, MQ: Q -x)SA, suy ra chuy6n Nguy6n Tdt Thdnh; Thanh H6z: Trdn Tri
S *Npe = M N.MQsino = x(1 - x).SA.BD.sin ro. Tdn, l2Al, THPT Sdm Son, TX. Sdm Son; NghQ
An: Dfing Hodng Msnh,l1Al, THPT Anh Sor 2,
T?E|#?S
tS nrr,r-rrro 2I
Anh Son; Hh finh: Trdn Bdo Trung,llTl, THPT N6u cosx +O , chia chhaiv6 cta phuong trinh cho
chuy6n Hd finh; Vinh Long: LA Nguydn Minh .1
Long, l0Tl, THPT chuyel Nguy6n Binh Khi6m; cosrx vd thay --j" =1+tan2 x, ta dugc mQt
cos" -r
Long An: Phqm Qu6c Thdng,10T1, THPT chuy6n
phuong trinh bflc ba cira tanx
Long An' .
Ho euANG Cdi hay trong bdi to6n tr6n ld chimg minh

'INH tanx e(-2;2) vd df;t twrx =2cosy v6i y e (0;r),
Bni T8/453. Giai phaong trinh
r
3sin3 2sinr + cos-r.
+ 2cos3 -r = tl6 dugc phucmg trinh co bin sin4y = sin3y .
Ldi gidi.Nhfn th6y n6r, Cdcban sau ddy c6 bdi gi6i tdt: lti Tinhz Trin Bdo
= 0 thi sinx=tl,
phuong trinh "o.,
kh6ng th6a mdn. Trung, 11T1, THPT chuy6n Hd finh; Long Anz LA
V6i cosx + 0, chia cbhai v6 cira phucrng trinh Ngpc Tri,l1T, THPT chuy6n Long An; Ci Mau:
Hodng C6ng Minh, 10 chuy6n To6n 1, THPT
cho cos3x vdthav =l+tan2x. taduoc: chuyn Phan Nggc Hi6n; Hung YGn: Nguydn Mqnh
' -f
cos2 x
Hip,10A9, THPT Duong Quing Him, Vdn Giang.
3tan3 x+2=Ztanx. 1, * 1,
NGUYEN ANH DONG
COS'X COS'X
<) x*2=2tanx.(l+tan2 x)+l+ta* x
3tan3 Bni T9l453. Tim tdt ca coc cap so nguyAn
<) tan3 x-tanz x-Ztanx+I:0 (1). du'ctng (a;b) thoa mdn 4a + 1 vd 4b - 1 nguyAn
Xdt hdm s6 791=7' -t2 -2t+l,li6n tuc tr6n IR. 6 cilng nhau vd a + b td uo'c cua l6ab + l.
Ta c6 f (-2) < 0; "f(0) > 0; /(1) <0; f (2) > 0 Ldi gidi Gi6 su (a, b)ldcgp circ s6 nguy6n duong
n6n t6n tqi cdc gi|tri t1, t2, fu th6a mdn: thoi m6n bdi to5n, tuc ld (4a +1, 4b - 1) : I vd
1 <t, <0 <tr< 1 < /, <2; f(t) = f(tr) = f(tr) =0. l6ab+l i (a+ b) (1). Ta c6
Nhu v0y phucrng trinh bQc ba f (t) = 0 c6 dring (4a + L)(4b + 1) = (l6ab + t) + 4(a + b) : (a + b) (2)
(-2;2) .
ba nghiQm ph6n biQt th:uQc
Cht)i (4a+1,4b-1):1vd
Ddt tanx=Zcos! v6i ye (0;n), PT (1) trd
(4a + 1) + (4b -l) = 4(a + b) :. (a + b).
thdnh: 8cos3 y - 4cos2 y -4cosy + 1 = 0
+ l, a + b):1 (vi ni5u hai s6 4a + l,
Suy ra (4a
e4cosy(2cos2y-1)=3-4sin2y (2).
+
a b cing chia h6t cho si5 nguy6n tdp thi tu
V6i ye(Qn), ta c6 siny*O. Nh0n hai vti cria
(4a+l)+(4b-l) i (a+b)= 4b-l i p, mdu
PT(2)v6i siny vdthay 2cos2y-l=cos}y ta
thuhn v6i (4a + l, 4b - 1): l).
dugc: 4siny cosy cos2y = 3siny - 4sin3 y
Do d6 tu (2) suy ra 4b+l i (a+b). (3)
<+ sin4Y = sin3)
Ngugc lai gii sir (a; b) ld clp c5c s,5 nguyn
II
f4v =3v +2kn =2kn
<>l '
+2kn el v=n+2k'T Gez) duong thoi mdn (3). Tri (2) ta c6
l4y = n-3y l6ab +l i (a+ b). Tathey @a + l,4b - 1) : I vi
L. I 1
+ l,4b - I ctng chia h6t cho sO
n6u hai s6 4a
vi ye (o; n) n6n y .{+,T, ?} r*uu, ^Ll'
to p
nguyn
= p ld s6 nguy6n tO 16. Ta lai c6
/_\ (4a+l)+(4b-l)=4(a+b)= (a+b) i p
tan.x = ^lt
ZCOS; x=arctanl 2cos!l+nn
I \ 7) - 4b+l : (a+ b) '.
p.
^3n _ <+ ( 3ru\ (4b+l)-(4b-l):2
tanx=Zcos x=arctafll '2cos _ l+nfi MAu thuin vot /. p.
I \/-\ t) Nhu vfly c6c s0 nguy6n duong a, b thob mdn
tan_r =
^5n
ZCOS- l- -)fi1
x = arctanl 2cos- l+ nfi (1), tuc ld (1) tuong tluong vdi (3).
I
\ 7) Chf )i 4b + I ld vd 4b + I < 4(a + b), tasuy ra
@e Z).4
DNhQn xit. Cdch gi6i phuorlg trinh dpng (J)<+tl+n+l=a*b el fa=3b+1
asin3 x+bcos3 x+csinx +dcosx+e=0 l4b+l =3(a+b) lb =3a-l
22'?EI#E!,*
YQy titt ch chc sO nguy6n duong th6a m6n bdi YNhQn xit. CLc b4n tham gia gi6i deu gidi dung vdi
phucrng ph6p nhu tr6n (ding
phirc). Ngodi b4n
sr5
toSn ld (a,b) e {(3c+l,c),(c,3c- 1), c e N-}. fl ThuQn, c6c l<ri gi6i t5t bao gdm: NghQ An: Zrzin
YNhQn xdt. D bdi ndy d5 dugc ttdng 6 TH&TT s6 Quang Huy,llAl, THPT chuy6n Eai hoc Vinh; Hd
447, dbp 6n tlugc ddng trn TH&TT sO +St. Vay frnh: Nguydn Vdn Thi!,11 To6n l, THPT chuy6n
Tda sopn xin kh6ng ch6m di6m c6c loi gi6i giri v6 Hd finh; YGn B6i: Vfr H6ng Qudn,ll To6n, THPT
lAn niy. Thdnh that xin l5i b4n tlqc. chuydn Nguy6n f6t Thdnh; Hn NQi: Vil Ba Sang,ll
TH&TT Toiln 1, THPT chuy6n Nguy6n HuQ; Ddng Nai: Cao
Bni T10/453. Cho da thu'c Dinh Huy,11 To6n, THPT chuy6n Lucrng fh6 Vintr;
P(x) = a,,.\'' + ...+ a1x + at) (a,, + 0: n22) co cdc Nam Dinh: Trdn Thi Nhdn, L1 To6n 1, THPT
.! -; : chuy6n L H6ng Phong.
^
Ire .to ddu ld s6nguyin. Chilng minh rdng tdn
DANG HUNG THANG
tai t,6 sd s6 nguy\n k sao cho P(x) + k kh6ng
Bdi Tlll453. Cho hdm J':N + N lit todn anh
phan tit'h duor' thdnh tich cua hai da thu'c h sd
rtgtn1n v6'i bqc l6tt hon 0. vd hdm g:N + N /d dan anh thoa mtin
Ldi gidi. (Theo bqn Nguydn Duc Thuqn, l0 .f (n)> g(n),Yn e N. Cizlng minh rdng
To6n, THPT chuyn Htng Vucrng, Phri Thg) f (n') = g(n), Vri e N.
Ta chgn k= p-ao vot p ld s5 nguy6n td th6a Ldi gidi. (theo cla s6 cac ban) Nhdn xdt ring
n6u tdn tqi meX AC /(rn) *S@) th\flm) >
-S,p,
mdn Vi c6 vd sO sd nguy6n td n6n
LloJ.
i=\
'
g(m).L{}ri d6, do t6.p A':{neN:/(n) > S@)}
,
c6 v0 s6 fr nhu vfy. Khi d6 ta sE chimg minh ld tap con khric rSng cta N nOn tap
QQ)=P(x)+k=anx'+...+a{+p ld b6t khi quy 3 = {g@): n e A\ cfrng ld tfp con kh6c r6ng
1
trong Z [x]. Tru6c h6t nfr4n xdt ring: N6u o ld cria N. Do d6, t6n tai mo = g(no)e B ld phAn
mQt nghiQm phirc b6t kj, cria Q(x) th\ lolrt.
tu nh6 nh6t cira B.Y\f lil todn 5nh nOn tdn tpi
Thpt vfly 1 thi n, e N sao cho fln1) : *0. Tit flnt) : mo: g(no)
"iiu lcrl<
p =la,a" +...+a,ol <la,l+...+la,l, mdu thu6n < J(no) suy ra n1+ no (x). Theo gie thi6t thi
v6i c6ch chsnp. Gi6 su trdilqi Q@) ld khi quy f (nr)2 g(nr).
t&c ld Q@) : g(x).h(x) v6i g(x), h(x) e V,lxl vir - Ntlu xity rafln): g(n) thi g(n 1) : m0: g(n;)
degg 2l, degh > 1. Ta co p : Q@ : 9(0).4(0).
nn n1: ns, mdtJ thuSn v6i (*).
- NOu xity ra flnt) > g(/r1) thi g(nr) eB n6n

vip g(n) < m0: g(no), tr6i v6i gi6 thi6t msli: phen
la s6 nguydn to nen suy ra
' [Fll'l= I
Llft(o)l= I trr nhd nhAt cria A.
Gi6 sir lS(O) = L vit g(x):brxk +...+brx+l (ft>1). Ktitlufln:Vfytalu6nc6fln):g(n), Vn e N. D
YNhQn xA. Cec b4n sau ddy c6 lcri gi6i dirng:
Ggi 2,, 22,..., 21,ld c5c nghiQm cirag(x).
Bic Ninh: LA Huy Caong,11T, THPT chuydn Bfc
Vi p(x) : g(x).h(x) nn z, (i:1,..,k) cfrng ld Ninh; Binh Dinh: Nguydn Trudng Giang, Trdn Vdn
Thidn, l0T, THPT chuy6n L6 Quli D6n; Gia Lai:
nghiCm cna Q@). Theo nh6n xetlal>l Q=\.-k) Nguydn Quang NhAL llC3A, THPT chuy6n Hirng
thdnh thu Vuong; Liro Cai: Nguydn Thu Huyin,10T, THPT
lrr..rol> 1. MAt kh6c theo dinh l)i
chuy6n Ldo Cai; Hn NQi: Vfi Bd Sang, 11T1, THPT
vidte ta lai c6 V,,a1=*=1, mdu thuin. vQy chuyOn Nguy6n HuQ, Hil finh: Nguy6n Vdn Th6,
lbrl 10T1, THPT chuyCn Hd Tinh; Nam Dinh: l/ln&
Q@) phbih b6t kha quy trOn Z lxl. d Qu6c Cwdng, llT1, THPT chuy6n L6 H6ng Phong;
TOnN HOC _ _
s6 aszrz-zorsr t ci*difua 28

NghQ An: Nguydn Hing Quiic Khdnh,l0Al, THPT hdng. Chri f ring C, R, Q,Nctng thuQc (O) vA
chuy6n Phan BQi Ch6u; Quing Binh: IId Anh Tidn, N, F, Q, E cing thuQc m6t <tudng trdn, suy ra
11T, THPT chuy6n V6 Nguy6n Gi6p; Thanh H6a: (c P,cQ) : (cR,cQ) : (NR, N0) : (N F, NQ)
Nguydn Tin Tdi,l lT, THPT chuy6nlam Son.
:(EF, EQ) = (EP, EQ) (mod n).
NGTIYEN VAN MAU
BdiTl2l453. Cho tam giac ABC nQi tip dadng Do d6 P, Q, E, C ctng thuQc mQt dudng trdn.
tron (O). M, N ld hai didm 16 dirh trAn (O) sao Chir 1f ring rc llEP vd A, S, C, Q cingthuQc mQt
cho MN //BC. P ld m\t dim di chrytn 7v6, duong trdn, suy ra (,4S,BC):(A,S,QS)+(QP,EP)
dudng thdng AM. Drong thdng qua P song : (AC, QC) + (QC, EC) = (AC, EC) = 0 (mod t).
song voi BC ciit CA, AB lin ttrqt tai E. F.
.:
' ngogi tip Di6u d6 c6 nghia ld AS ll BC. Yay PQ lu6n di
Dtrong tron tam gidc lrlEF cdt dtrdng
trdn (O) tqi Q khdc N. Ckimg minh rdng daong qua mQt di0m cd dinh lA di6m S. O
rhiing PQ lu6n di qua m6t dim cij dinh khi P di YNhQnxdt,
chuyn. 1) Kh6 nhi6u ban tham gia gi6i bdi to5n ndy. Vi
Loi gidi. kh6ng sir dung g6c tlinh huong n6n lcri gi6i cua mQt
si5 ban kh6ng chuAn (v6i hinh vE ndy thi loi giAi
tlirng, nhrmg v6i hinh vE kh6c thi loi gi6i sai).
2) Xin n6u t6n mQt s6 b4n c6 loi giii tdt: YGn n6i:
Vil H6ng Qudn, l1T, THPT chuy6n Nguy6n T6t
Thenh, TP. Yn B6i; Thanh Iilo6: Nguydn Dinh
Lucrng,10T, THPT chuyCn Lam Son, TP. Thanh
Ho6; Hir Tinh: Nguydn Vdn Thi|, Vd Duy Khanh,
llT, THPT chuy6n He finh, TP. He Tinh; Quing
Binh: IIri Anh Tidn, 11 To6n, THPT chuy6n V6
Nguy6n Gi6p, TP. Ddng Hdi; Di Ning: L!, C6ng
Phwdc,10A2, THPT chuy6n Le Quf D6n, TP. Ed
NEng; Binh Dinhz Trin Vdn ThiAn, 10T, THPT
chuydn Ld Qulf E6n, TP. Quy Nhon; NghQ An:
Trdn Quang Huy, l1Al, THPT chuy6n Dpi hgc
Vinh, TP. Vinh; Hdr NQi: Phqm Ngpc Khdnh,l0T2,
THPT chuy6n DHSP HeNQi.
NGUYEN MINH HA
Ggi R, ^! theo tht t.u ld giao di6m thir hai cria
FN, PQ vd (O); A ld tlucrng thing qua O r.u6ng BAi L1l453. Cho 4 viAn bi hinh ciu d6ng chdt,
g6c v6i BC. Y\ FE ll MNvd A, R, M, N cr)ng cilng kich thaoc vd drqc chii tgo chinh xdc. Sdp
xdp chung thdnh m\t khdi dii mq tdp xtic nhau
(FR,FP):(RN,FE) =(RN,MN)
thuQc (O) nn
trn m6t mdt bdn phdng. Xac dinh p1, p2 lin
:(RA,MA):(AR,AP)(modm).Ta c6 E, R, P, A
laqt la hQ s6 ma sat gi*a cac vin bi vd giira bi
cing thuQc mQt ducrng trdn. Chir ! ringA, B, C, v6'i mdt bdn d co hd co thi duy tri trqng thdi
M, N cingthuQc (O) vd A li t4rc d6i ximg ctra ^ : ,
, =;
cctn bang ban dau.
hinh thang cdn BCNM,suy ra
Ldi gidi. Ggi A, B, C vdD 6n luqt ld tdm cbc
(RP, RC): (RP, RF) + (RN, RC)
vi0n bi dd cho, suy ra ABCD ld mQt tu diQn du
: (AP, AF) +(RN, RC) (mod r) c1nh 2R. Gi6i ph6ng liOn krit cho c6c vi6n bi,
: (AM, AB) + (B N, BC) : (C M,C B) + (C B,C M) lAn luqt kh6o s6t c5c vi6n bi tdm A vit B, ta
=(CM,Cl4)=O(modr). Do d6 R, P, C thing duoc:
24'?31#E!'*
kryng ma sdt dgc theo mQt sqi ddy cdch diQn
ndm ngang xuyAn qua tdm cila chilng. Bim 1 cd
A
khiSi lwqng m, din tlch Q, cdn bdn 2 co kh6i
*AI*- luqn7Zm, diQn tich -2Q. Ban diu hai bdn duqc
gitr cach nhau m\t khodng 3d (d riit nhd so vdi
{41 3
klch thudc cdc bdn)
I. Xdc dlnh ndng laem7 diQn tradng giira hai
z^lzn
.
J bdn ry diQn.
2. O m\t thdi di6m ndo d6, ngagi ta budng hai
:r*. bdn ra. Xac dinh vQn t6c cila m6i bdn khi ch{tng
cdch nhau mQt khodng d.
, t\,r'!^r )
-
aA-r-l;- Ldi gi,fii. 1) Cu<rng d0 diQn truong t6ng cQng
W trong tg <liQn ld:
E:Et.tEz:*.#=#
lZrl = 3(Nrcosa + frsinu)- mB = o (t) N[ng luqng diQn truong gifia hai bin tu li:
2I Iry^ rl sino+mg-N, =
) =N,coso+f
g (2)
(#)' nd =K.
t
0 (3) zzr, :
I If.* = frcosu+ fr-N,sincr -
- w,: 0)
I eo
i"o
lzr:= -f,xR+frxR -o (4)
2) Khi hai bin cSch nhau mQt khoing d, g2iv1,
M[t kh6c, kh6o s6t c5c di6m tii5p xric cira bi v6i v2ldvQnt5c cria hai b6n, ta c6:
m[t bdn, nhQn th6y t6ng trgng llrc phdn ph6i
d6u cho 3 diOm d6, ta c6:
mv1t 2mv2:0
= vf -2vy. Q)
Ndng lugng tliQn trucrng b6n trong tu khi cl6 ld:
3N2 = 4mg -+ *, =1*f (5)
wz:
I y!
Tt (1), (2),(3), (a) vd (5), suy ra:
,soE2sd: Eens
(3)
1
Cuotrg d0 diQn truong b6n ngodi tu tli6n ld:
Ir = Jz= r D2-
r t,D- O
U.1-U6mB Ln- - Z/lil.
*, =l*rI
(*)
Khi hai b6n cSch nhau mQt kho6ng d, th| tich
N, =7mB bdn ngodi tu diQn tdng mQt lugng ld: A,r,: s.2d.
NSng lugng diQn trucrng b6n ngodi tg tSng th6m
El5 co h0 c6 th6 duy tri trqngthfii cAn bing ban mQt lugng:
diu kni ma s5t b cbc m{t tiOp xirc ilang cdn 0
trpng th6i nghi, nghia ld:
M: )eon].^v= ffi. (4)
r
- l,,t*'-
nln Ap dung dinh luflt b6o toirn n[ng lugng ta c6:
I
mv? 2mv?z
]1:I,:"
\rz zt z
=]lu. >_
(theo(*))
W,-W,: "-:t
22w +- - +L,,,. (5)
l.'' 4(J2+J3) Tt (1), (2),(3), (4), (5) suyra:
ld diOu kiQn cAn x6c clinh. O
)NhQ1t xlt. Cic bpn c6 lcri gi6i dring: Bic Ninh:
Nguy4n Ddc Nam, LL Li, THPT chuy6n Bdc Ninh;
Nam.Elnh: Phqm Ngqc Nam,11 Lli, THPT chuy6n YNhQn xdt. Ch.6c mring ba bpn c6 loi gi6i tlfng:
L6HdngPhong' BIc Ninh: Nguyn Ddc Nam, 1"1 Ly, THPT chuy6n
NGUYENxuANeuANG Bic Ninh; Nam Dinh: Phqm Ngpc Nam, Il L!,
Biti L21453. Hai bdn tw din dfit trong khdng THPT chuy6n LO H6ng Phong; Binh Phudc: Phqm
khi c6 cilng diQn tich S, c6 th chuyn dQng Vdn Son, AKl l, THPT chuy6n Quang Trung.
DINH THAI QUiNH
T?[HrHff
ae nur,r-roro 26
+u+,
' *&. AlI,ll
'"dg
#% ilIOIBRI T.0R]I llflMPlil

,**l i' # l
i1' li
';:
*,1
-;".' iiffi
-;"_.*g
;. TTT HTIU SON
'.* (Sd GD - DT Hd TTnh)
LTS: D chuyAn muc Sai ldm 6 effiu? xudt hiQn thadng xuyAn hon trAn Tqp ch{, ,At *ong cdc Thdy
c6 gido, cdc em h7c sinh vd bqn dec t\n cd nrdc gilri di bdi vd ldi gidi ri Tdo toqn.
ff rong gio hgc To6n, thAy gi5o tlua ra bii to6n:

.
, ,$ C6 8 d\i ruyin bdng dd qutic gia d khu vtrc
ci.cz.Suy ra x6c suat can tim h r = g, g^ =i.
c^9&,
D6ng Nam I tham gia thi dtiu giiti AFF Suzuki Cich gi6i cria b4n Binh:
Cup trong d6 c6 d\i tuyiSn ViQt Nam vd dQi ruydn
56 c6ch chia 8 clQi thdnh hai bing ld
Thdi Lan, cdc d|i daqc chia ldm hqi bdng, lq, hiQu
ld bang A vd bdng n, mdi bdng c6 4 d\i. Vic chia cj.;c4 = ci
bdng dwqc thryc hin biing cach biSc thdm ngiu
,;
nhin. Tim xac sudt d hai d6i tuyn Vit Nqm vd 56 c6ch chia 8 dQi thanh hai bdng, trong <16 <lQi
Thdi Lam ndm trong citng m6t bdng diiu. tuy6n Th6i Lan vd Vit Nam nim ctng bing ld
Cdch giii cfra b4n Nam: Ci.CZ. Suy ra x6c su6t cAn tim ld
56 crich chia 8 tlQi thdnh hai bing ld Cl.Ci. ,-cjci-3
Sd crlch chia 8 dQi thdnh hai bing, trong d6 dQi ci -t'
tuytin Th6i Lan vd ViQt Nam nim cung b6ng ld Theo bpn, crich gi6i cria b4n ndo dring? Vi sao?
trft{.}ffi{".iln'f S .""{'t.iip thcc /rong ii)

rill'*ht*rn 'l'll/4s?. Given an n-sided convex polygon Provethat {x,} converges andfind limx, .
(n>4) Ar4....An. Prove that

l,
n + sin A, + sin A, +... + sin Frolrlcm Tll/,{57. For each positirrffi" ger n,
( t.-t^ A^-A. A -A. ) put yt{fi=l* .
<21 cos---r-------1*CoS4+...+cos,,
--1,'"" 4 '-"" 4 '"" -"" 4 l' I dl"
1) Prove that ry (n) is multiplicative, i.e.
When does the equality happen?
v @b) = V @).V (b) if (a,b)=1.
T0\,1i AIIDS Mr\T'HEh{ A.T{CAi,
2) Suppose that / is an odd positive integer. Prove
Ot,YMI}IAI} that there are only finitely many positive integers
Froblem '{q/45"1. Find all triples (x; y; p) where n such rhat y\n)=tln+l).
x and y are positive integers and p is a prime Prolrlcm T121457. Given a triangle ABC withthe
number satisfuing p* - yP =1. circumscribed circle (O) and the inscribed circle
Problcmr T101457" Let k be a real number which
(/). The tangent lines to (O) at B and C intersect at
T. Let M be the midpoint of BC and D be the
is greater than 1. Consider the following sequence
1_
midpoint of the arc BC which does not contain A.
x,:1JP -t , xr: Suppose that AM intersects (O) at E and AT
intersects the side BC at F. Let -I be the midpoint
of1F. Prove that frl =ffi.
Translated by NGUYEN PHa HOANG LAN
(College of Science-Vietnam National University, Hanoi)
t?ffiHB[--se
p ffi
-4izi?zqrp--
'ffr&'
"ar. THANG TlrlrA TqgNG Trrr DAU THn rHACI
V)
{' r,)
&t MRIT()RNIT()C#
I
ft
$0 ll$ PHAN THANH QUANG
(Theo La Recherche)
,fpirc
t-r6 dtnh trinh cl6 cta mQt d6u thri tr6n co hQ vd nghiQm. Nhrmg c6 th6 dlra vdo nhirng thir
{f,i s" nhimg thdnh tich dd, dqt <luqc ld dieu thu4t to5n hgc, tim ra dugc mQt c6ch x6p lo4i
16u nay v6n thgc hi6n. Nhmg c5c nhd to6n hgc gAn s6t hcrn, nghia ld s6t nhSt c6 tn,5 dugc vdi
Tdy Ban Nha lpi nhin v6n dA ndy du6i con mit nghiQm cira phuong tr\nh. Michel Brozos -
"kh6ng gi6ng ai" vd theo ho ld"c6 tinh, co ly, Vasquez vd d6ng nghiQp 6 T6y Ban Nha dC c6p
ch{nh xdc hctn" honl dn bdi to6n bing c6ch cho ring sg kiQn m6t
Khi hai d6u thir quAn vgt.dAu v6i nhau rlii xem d6u thu c6 th6 iang t o' ia, thir kh6c
ai^tdi,.hon. thi qu6 a6t fOt qui thing thua sau kh6ng ct6m b6o .to -OA,"uo
tht d6 thhng, mi chi
trdn ddu cho ngay cdu tri ldi.
x5c suat th6ng ld cao hon thdi'
Nhmg khi s6 d6u thri l6n hcrn 2 th\ vdndc xop *:"f^:',i?:g
toai cr6 c6 kh6ct phai t6 chrc*" nhi6u ."d il'" Ll:'1,':l:* j?.:',"
'u*.oict :lt ]u -?t haidoithu.
rhcrn dd
+ixac dinh thu
, . hpng : 'l-"-"
, : chung cuQc. nhirng gi6 trituong doi cua thd nang cua "'1t
,'.__
--;__.^'-'^-_phdp,dc th6ndng duoc ti6n
i;"*;il;
f, t y ;;;;;
r
d*, gi6n (vi dp tdi sin, di6m lll*,*
. t i" .di*.tu nhirng "gid tri ilAn
s6, cAn ndng, vdng ngUC, ...) thi n6u I l6n hcrn -^:^:- --:" ':
hdnh theo c6ch xuAt ph6t
B, md B lcrn rr-, c,"irri hicn nhin (khong ai khii' .(a
priori) vd b.i6n doi theo k0t
q"l trqn dau
"T.t*:t
EO tr6nh trucrng hqp c6c kct
tranh cdi) A l6L hcm c. Nhrmg trong vic so :i? qui 6nh huong qu5 nhi6u cl6n viOc xiSp hang
s6nh tdi ndng khi thid6, ui", q"a,
iui", "*,B
b6ng c16, ...) thi hiem gi trudng hw A hon B, f
chung cuQc, hg c6 tucrng ld 6p dpng phuong
hcrn C, md A l4i thua C! Vfy thi trong trucrng nh6n d6 mOt l6n nta bing c6ch l6y nhirng kt
hqp ndy, lhm sao so sSnh tdi ndng c6c cl6u thir? qui "gid tri fiAn khdi" mfi (vi dU: mOt
cl6u litm
OC giai qry6t v6n cle ndy, ,rgoJi ta tim c6ch trAn c6 nhidu v5n, thi 6y k6t qu6 cria v6n dAu).
to6n hgc h6a viQc so s6nh, bing c5ch g6n cho ROI cri nhu th6 md ti5p tuc tu dAu. C6c tbc gitt
m6l O6u thii mQt "th ndngi' (potentiel) dugc chimg t6 ring bing c6ch d6 cQng thOm m6t s6
x6c clinh (ld mQt hdm sO) theo k6t qudL cria cu6c k! thuflt dugc thlrc hiQn cAn thfn, nguoi ta c6
thi d6u. Vi dp, n6,t A thhng B hai vin c6ch bi6t thQ tiOp cQn cl6n mQt su x6p loai kh6ng phlr
thi th6 ning ctra A cao hon th6 ndng ci-r- B hai thuQc vdo sg chon lUa th6 ndng xu6t ph5t ban
bpc vd cri th6 md tiiin hnnh. KCt qui cira nhimg dAu, n6i n a" k6t qu6 *0. ,6,
trqn d6u kh6c nhau cho phdp viiSt mQt hC "a"n "i,rrt
kh6ng d6i, dt sg lua chgnth6 nAnfban d5u ra
phycrng trinh. Mu6n hQ ndy c6.nghiQm thi khi I .uo ,i cu61 ctng c6 clugc mQt sg xJp lopi kh6ch
thing cSch biQt B haivdn, B thingc6ch biet mOt
orrr, rt a, fnh ctring thuc luc c6c d6u thir,
vdn ta phii c6 A thhng C: .2 + I : 3 (vrin). k#; ;;; thua c.ong ,,tdm phuc, khAu
"gudi
lTT.q:.T:?I.*:.::L:i.'."*.:i::::*1s.... .;i';;:,:".."............. ;...........
DOC LAI CHO DUNGz RllR:
. Trdn T4p chi TH&TT s6 456, BiLiL2l456 trang 17, cQt phii thi6u hinh vE b6n: A
.TH&rr so +ss, cor I. rrang e sua lqi la: r=]rnlr-ill-irrlr*rfi =1nz-1^r. n, [o,
I n.
)tttz2tt222 D
Thdnh that xin l5i b4n dqc.
TH&TT
T?3il#E[
t.nur,r-roru, 27
\/J^:/v
Bill0il.t [luIIf[$t|[[Rll
H rtlE r",
sA.U
TllLfrfV'eer
NG6 THI NHA - NGUYEN VAN LgI
ToAN Frqb so c.{P 1bUfru Auaopes t, Ilungary)
a)Zdi vi6t ndy trinh bdy nhirng bdi to6n <1[c Chilmg minh: Ta c6 F(x) :lC rxk . Khi d6
AV *e'e iay ..5 cuiulur, rrm6i qru,
"ii
t=0
hQ mpt thitit cria c6c bdi to6n, dua ra mQt c6ch F (x) = co +iC o*o : 1 +t C o*n
nhin m6i th6ng qua Bdi to6n 3.6 c6 tn gqi kidn k-l k=l
hdnh qudn. V6i c5ch nhin moi ndy, viQc ph5t l' * \2 @
Mrt kh6c. Fz(x\=lILIFc,*o | = tLI a,xk - va

bi6u bdi tobn Catalan tr& n6n 16 rdng hcrn vd bdi K
\ /.-o ) k=o
tohn Catalan t6ng qu6t (cho nhidu chidu) iluqc
trinh bdy mdt c6ch tlon gi6n. Chung t6i hy vgng ar :lc,c n_i = c r,*t. Suy ra
l=0
d6ng g6p mQt c6ch ti6p cfln moi cho c6c nghiCn
.l ...
K+t.ro =1i
F2(x\=ic,
^
crru m0 rQng de tal nay.
L/ Ll
c,xk.hav K
l-o n--- k=l
1. Dfly Catalan
C6c s6 Catalan(hay cdn goi li
ddy Catalan) ldn LCn*o = xF2(x). Do i16 F(x):l+ xF2(x).
k=1
dAu ti6n dugc Leonard Euler (1707 - 1783)
quan tdm diin khi 6ng nghiOn ciru vAn <ld,: c6 Tir d6 ta dusc F(x):!.ff noa"
bao nhiu c6ch c6 th6 chia mQt ila gi6c thdnh
chc tam gi6c. Nhtmg t6n cria ddy ndy lai thuQc F('r;='*@
2x \..*''''t'
,rd Ergene Charles Catalan (1814 - 1894) - mQt Do bi6u thirc (*) kh6ng khai trii5n tlugc chu5i lfly
nhd to6n hoc nguoi Bi khi 6ng giii quy6t thdnh
cdng bdi toin: co bao nhi6u cdch <tC tl6ng ngo{c thta tqi x=0 ndn ta dugc F(i=!:J!-4*
ZX
I'
vd md ngo[c mQt diy sO ttrl thgc hiQn ph6p hdm sinh cria diy Catalan.
tinh. Nbm 1838, Catalan c15 ph6t hiQn ra ring
,i.
c6c s6 ndy ld loi gi6i chung cira rdt nhi6u bdi
HQ qun L2.Dingthric sau dung: C, =firr..
to6n tu&ng chimg xa la. C6 nhirng bni dC 6 t_"tt4x
dpng ndy thi vd cirng phric tpp, nhrmg n6u
Chilmg minh: Ta khai tri6n hdm F(x)=-j-.
chuy6n sang mQt dpng ngdn ngt kh6c, thi bei Theo tlinh llf Newton m0 rQng, ta c6
_l@
toSn trd thdnh <lcrn gi6n. (l + x;Z = ),Ck,xk . Nhu vdy.
Dinh nghia 1.1. Ta gqi d6y Catalanld ddy C, t=0 2
tluqc dinh nghTa boi cdng thric truy h6i
g+xyi =i,(-,)o
Co=1,C, =l: +rr.
C n = C oC n_, + CrC n, + ... + C,-rCo.
Dinh lf 1.1. Hdm sinh cria ddy Catalan <luoc Thay x bor '
-4x tadugc -+=ip;n*n.
l-4x fr zK
x5c tlinh nhu sau: l4x

F (x) = C o + Crx + C rx2 "' + C rxk + ... rs c6
Ta vv r/l
v I -4x
rJ! =
$4x Jl-Ti'
_1-$-4x
2x suy ra Jl-Ti :f:tn*n -+*ic;o*o
k=O k=0
2A -cftrfi@
TORN H9C

H r*1 = H oH, + HrH r_, +.'. + H nH r,
=t+ic;n*o -4igro*ou ' Tradng hW l. Khi di chuy6n kh6ng bao gid
k=\ k=O
ch4m vdo dq*g ch6o chinh. Khi d6 bu6c tl6u
=r+ic;r*n -+ic;;!,xo ti6n di chuy6n phni h (0, 0) -' (1, 0) vd bu6c
[=1 t-l t. ,
cu6i ctrng di chuydn phni h (n+1, n) ---+ (n-r l,
:.
_g
+I(ci* -4c!;)r)xk. n + l). Trong khoing hai bu6c ndy, tinh trpng
=t
t=l chuy6n clQng tucrng img v6i chuy6n dQng cta
Nhu vfly truong hqp ndy c6 H,,H, c5ch di
11,.
M6t kh6c, clo -4c!;!" =(?!).t -+ctr,"
'"2k ,;.
' {k''1'
2
cnuyen.
_ l2k-2\t ' Trudng hW 2.Khi di chuy6n c6 ch4m vdo
-(k-t)D'z .(2k-t\2k _a7t_r
k'z -av?t-z tluong ch6o chinh. Xdt mQt chuyi5n dOng ll,
:"^ , (Qt-l)z* -- -'tC!i', nhu vfy. Ki hiQu (i, i) ld vi tri lAn dAu tiOn khi
-Li*-z[ k, -4)= )--' t ' chuy,5n dQng niy chpm ducrng chdo chinh. R6
^suYral-Jl-4"l': yCii'r**-," =igi_*-. L_k+l'
rdng, trong do4n tlAu tu (0,0) ct6n (i, i) chuyiin
Z* -u
A=l
k t=1,
,J
dQng cua ta ndm trong chuydn CIQng H,.
Vfly, cdng thric t6ng qu6t ctra ddy Catalanlit Tt i)
dn (n+1, n+1) chuyi5n ttQng ctra ta
(i,
1
C,= voi n=0.1.2,... thuQc ll,*,-,. Do d6, chuy6n clQng cria H,

n*rC!,
2. Chc bii tofnli0n quan tl6n diiy Catalan thuQc chuy6n cl6ng oia H,-rHn*,-,. Hi6n nhi6n
,.).
Biri tofn 2.1. (Bdi todn bdn cd) C6 bao nhi6u chi6u ngugc l4i cring dring, m6i chuy6n clQng
c5ch budc trn bdn cd n x n tu 6 phia du6i thtQc H,-rH,*,-, d6u ld mQt chuy6n dQng cta
cing b6n tr6i <t6n 6 h6n ctng b6n ph6i sao cho H,*r.K6thqp cA hai trucrng hqp ta c6
h3"q bao gid bu6c qua hdn clucrng ch6o chinh, H n*l = H oH, + H rH n_r *... + H,H o.
m6i l6n bu6c chi c6 th6 ln 1 clon vi ho{c sang
phii I don vi, khdng budc h)i hay sang tr6i? Theo nguydn ly qry npp ta c6 H n = C, v6i mgi r.
Ldi gidi. Ki hiQu 11, ld sd c6ch tli hr tqa dQ (0, 0) Ctich thrb hai. Chtmg minh 11, tr.uc tii5p md
d6n tga d0 @, r) theo dnng di6u ki6n cira bdi khdng sri dqng c6ng thuc truy h6i.
toiin - khOng vugt gu? <lucrng chdo chinh. Ta s6
Khdng gdy hi0u l6m n6u tathay H, bing C,.
chimg minh bei niy b[ng hai c6ch.
Ctich thft nhdL Chung minh Hn= C, bing quy n?p.
-J
J Hinh 2: Minh hoa Bdi toan 2.1
/
-r
I Ta sE chimg minh c6
1
zn+tc!,
cdch tli tu g6c
cu6i ctng b6n tr5i 16n g6c tr6n ctng bOn phii
-J md kh6ng bao gid bu6c qua <luong chdo chinh
(c6 thd chpm). T6ng s6 c6ch di: C;,. Ta sE tinh
Hinh l: Minh h7a Bdi toan 2.1
c6ch <ti phary luft tru6c. MQt c6ch di gqi li
Ta co Ho =l,Hr =1,H, =2,H, = 5,H o =14. pham 1u0t n6u bu6c qua cludng ch6o chinh it
Gi6 su ding thric tlirng d6n n,friclir nh6t mot lAn.
H,=HoH,_,+HrHn +...+Hn Ho. Ta ph6i chimg Ta xdt mQt iludng phpm luft tpi lAn dAu ti6n.
Khi d6 quSng tluong cli clucvc <l6n noi phpm luQt
minh ding thric ctng rlirng v6i n+l,tlcBt sephdi cokbuoc sangphiivdtltng ft+1 bu6c
T?EI#ES
nrr,r-roro 29
".
lOn tr6n. Nhu v{y
di: di d,n (n,n) thi cin 36 c5ch chia c6c da gi6c cdn lai sdld EnE,-o*,
(n-k-l) bu6c ctivd (n-k) bvoc sang ph6i.
16n vd phdp tucrng img ndy vfi ArAoA, ld song 6nh.
Ta xdt mQt ptr6p bitln hinh sau: tu di6m pham Cho ft chay tu 2 d:n n-l (vdi n >3) nhfn
lu6t, ta l6y d6i ximg qua duong ch6o chinh cria n-l
qudng duong cdn.l4i. N6u di sang phii thi d6i .nLlKn-K'l =IE,E
duoc:E
thdnh cli 16n, vh n6u ld di l6n thi cl6i thdnh sang
phAi. Vi phdp bi6n hinh ndy phAn clucrng m6i Thay E, bing E,uvdo cdng thric ta nhfn duqc
nh0n tlugc sE co n-k bu6c tli l6n vd n-k-I n+l
bu6c sang phii. Tdng cQng con ducrng mdi se En*2=Lare, n*r. Thay E,*, bing E| vito
c6 k+l+(n-k)=n+ 1 bu6c di ln, vd n+l
k + (n - k -l) = n -l buoc sang phii . Tric ld c6ng thuc ta nhdn duqc E| =Zn'r-re:-/.+r hay
-.i i. k-2
<liem cu6i cing sE lit (n-1, n+l) . T6.,t cL cbc n-1
con ducrng pham luflt sE c6 chung mQt dii5m E::ZE:E:_i_,. C6ng thtc cudi chinh ld cdng
d6n. Ta sC chi ra m6i con dulng tu (0,0) dtin j=0
(n-I, n+l) cl6u tucrng img v6i mdt duong thfc Catalan. Do d6 E, =Cn_2.
ph4m luft. Cflng bing phucrng phSp d6i ximg 3.C[c bii tofn Catalan n6i ti6ng t*rAc
qua duong chdo chinh khi pham luflt il6u ti6n, ta
Bii to6n 3.1. (Bdi todn dtiu ngoSc) Ybi n dht
.
s nhdn clugc mQt t6i cli pham 1u0t tu (0,0) drin ',( ngo{c <l6ng ( n bQ ddu ngo{c
ngoac md vA z ddu
(n,n). YQy, sO duong pham luflt liL CUt. Suy ra md - d6ng), c6 bao nhi6u c6ch sap ,6p c5c dAu
| ngoSc hqp lQ? (Hqp
l 6 cl6y tlusc hi6u ld kC tu
sO ducrng dimg lu6t lit C
"n =Ci " 2n 2n+l gn,.
' 2n-gi*t=- tr6i sang phii, tai bat ki vi tri ndo, thi sd ddu
C6ng thfc clugc chimg minh. ngodc d6ng dd su dgng kh6ng vugt qu6 s6 ngoflc
Blri todn 2.2. (Bdi toan Euler) C6 bao nhi6u md cli dtrng vd khi kt thric thi cltng bing nhau).
c6ch chia mQt da gi6c l6i thdnh c5c tam gi6c mir a I
khdng c6 c4nh ndo cdt nhau? o I
Ldi gi,rti. (o). oo )
((o)). (o)0. (oo). o(o).()()0
-"
,/
,rî-\
,l\ 5
|
/t
rl ((0))), (0))0, (0)0), (0x0), (0m0, (00)), (00)0, L4
I
'.r' (00)0, (0(0), (000), 0(0)),0(0)0, 0(00), 00(0),
i
t
\/ \',
\./
I
ooon
Ilittlt 4: l'linli hou Biti totitr 3.1
./.\
(,"' \
Bdri todn 3.2. (Bdi todn hdnh trinh Dick) X6t he
| '. .' I tryc tsa dQ *Oy. xu6t phat tu di0m (0,0) tlrin
t,
() I
di6m (2n,0) c6 bao nhi6u khi nang d6 bu6c

\*_J sao cho m6i bu6c chi c6 thii ld c5c vecto y(1, 1)
ho[c .r(1,-1) vd kh6ng di xu6ng du6i t4rc
GQi gi5 tr!phii tim ld E,.DA| Ez =l. Khi n > 3 hodnh (y ld ln vd sang phhi, x ld xu6ng vd
ta c6 Er=l,Eq=2,Es =5.Da giSc <l6u n dirth sang phdi)?
dugc ki hiQu ld A1Az...A, .
X6t mQt phdn hopch tla gi6c.thdnh cdc tam gi6c.
Xudt phSt tu c4nh ArA, c6 dinh, dinh thri ba
ctra tam gi6c c6 canh ArA, ld Ak. C5c tludng
cheo AoA,AnA, chiadagi6c Ar4...,4, thdnh Ilinh 5: lllinh hoct Bcti todn 3.2
ba phAn: da gi6c ft <linh Ar4...Ao, tam gi6c Bii toin 3.3. (Bdi todn phdn vilng) C6 bao
AtAkA, vd da gi6c n - k + 1 dinh AkAk*l...An. nhiu bQ s5x, (1 <i<2n), m6l sO x, c6 gi|tri
s0'?SP#E[ ,r.,,,,.,,-
ld t ho6c -1 sao cho x, +x2+...*xr,=Q vd tAt sau khi nghi ngoi (ho[c tip t.uc di ludn) qua
cit c6c gi6 t4 \,q+h.,\+xz+h,..,\*..*4, hdm thi thu h6i lqi giey th6ng hdnh (d6u ngopc
d6ng).
ddu kh6ng 6m?
Bii toin 3.4. (Bdi todn dodn qudn kiAfi C6 - Tucrng tu nhu th6, bdi to6n Mua vd xem phim
vd bdi to6n Bdn cd ld tucrng tlucrng khi tra tidn
mQt doin qudn kir5n dang hdnh qudn qua mdt
10000 d6ng tucrng img vdi bu6c sang ph6i 1
con dudng hAm ch4t hep. Kh6ng con ndo c6 th6
clon v! vd trd 20000 ddng tuong img vdi bu6c
t16i ch6 cho nhau. C6 mot nsilch nho cfrns chdt
^,(
hep nhu vfy, n6u con ki6n ndo mu6n nghi thi c6
l6n tr6n 1 don vi.
th6 rE vdo rt6 vd c6c con khSc lai ti6p tuc di. Bii to6n 3.6. (Bdi todn kidn hdnh qudn)
Ni5u c6 nhiAu con muiin nghi thi cdc con nghi Hai clodn qr6n ki6n ving (m chii5n sil vd ki6n
tru6c lii sdu viro ng6ch nhuong ch6 cho con den (n chi6n si) dang hdnh quAn vO di6m t4p
m6i, theo thf t.u kh6ng tluoc d6i ch5. Khi ra thi trung. DCn ngd ba thi hai clucrng hqp nhau thdnh
ftat qu ngugc lpi, con ndo nghi sau thi ra tru6c. m6t. Ddn d6 d6n ducmg khdng hopt dQng. C6
H6i c6 bao nhi6u clch ra kh6i cluong him ch6t bao nhi6u c6ch hdnh qu0n qua ngdba md khdng
hgp ndy? chenl6n"6dpy nha:u?,
*' 4s*s"'râ Nu th6m diu ki6n s6 ki6n den dugc qua cua
*l*. -'dl${;;* . lu6n lu6n kh6ng b6 hon sO Uen vdng dugc qua
{E' c'ha, ta cflng nhfn clugc bdi to6n Catalan du6i
*" dAy don gi6n vd thir vi.
: -'s "',i
:: r4i#Fa'1'1
!
.E
:
**6{
4*1
._*
.-
Hinlt 6: l.linh hr;o Eii todn 3.4 - ^ ,,Hqrt(

,EFi- -k.
Bii toin 3.5. (Bdi todn mua vd xem phim) MQt e{t
lop hqc c6 2n hoc sinh clang dimg xtip hdng
Ilinh J: l{ittlt itoct Bqi totitt 3.6
mua v6 xem phim, gi6 v6ld 10000 tl6ng/chi6c.
Mdi em hgc sinh chi c6 mdt trong hai to tin ld Blri toin mb. (Bdi todn Catalan tiing qudt) C6
10000 d6ng vd 20000 d6ng.
n doin qu6n kii5n nhfp ldm mdt theo quy tic s6
ki6n ciia dodn i ludn lu6n kh6ng nh6 hcrn s6
Ban dAu quAy v6 kh6ng c6 ti6n. C6 bao nhi6u
cdch mua vd tl6
, -). ngudi b6n v6 lu6n ludn trd lai kii5n cria dodn fr khi nhap hing (t > i). C6 bao
nhi6u c6ch thuc hi6n?
<lugc ti6n thria vd c6ng vi6c khdng bi gi6n tloan?
4. MOt si6 rei t4p
Ta chfng minh cfc bii toin tr6n li tuong
ducrng: Bii tofn 4.1. C6 bao nhi6u hdm s6
- Bdi to6n D6u ngo[c vd bdi to6n Hdnh trinh f : L,2...,fr ) 1,2,...n sao cho / ld mQt hdm
Dick: Voi phdp song 6nh d6u ngodc mcr img v6i tlng vdv6imoi k tac6 f(k)<k?
bu6c di ln y(1, 1) vd d6u ngo{c tl6ng img vcri Bii to6n 4.2. C6 bao nhi6u cich bht tay nhau
;..
cua 2n ngudi ng6i quanh m6t c6i bdn trdn md
budc <li xu6ng -r(1, - 1).
kh6ng c6 cpp ndo bit ch6o tay v6i c[p ndo?
- Bdi to6n Henh trinh Dick vd bdi to6n Bdn cd
Bii ring C, =Ci,-C;' .
torln 4.3. Chimg minh
hodn todn ld mQt khi ta xoay bdn co 45".
Bii toin 4.4. C6 15 hoc sinh nam vd 12 hoc
- Bei to6n Phdn virng chinh h bai toSn D6u sinh nfi cing bu6c vdo phong khi6u vfi, h6i c6
ngo{c phSt biOu du6i dpng clai s5, thay ngo{c bao nhi6u c6ch vdo? niiit ring 6 b6t ki thdi
mo bing +1 vd ngoflc d6ng bdng -1. cli6m ndo, sO hgc sinh nam ctu kh6ng it hcrn s6
- Bdi to6n Dodn quAn kit5n h bAi tobn D6u hoc sinh nfi. T6ng qu6t vdi m nam, n nft vit
ngoic ntiu vcri m6i con ki6n au6c khi tln h6m m> n (trong bdi chi phdn biQt nam - nt, khdng
dugc ph6t mQt gi6y ki6m tra (d6u ngodc m<r), x6t ttng c6 nh6n cp th6).
36 asz z-zots\
'ql"H?Esr
xu.tr nAN rtl uot
A
I lP
I
tp*i rilltHg(uurudr mi
ffiothenutic and Youth filuguzine
so'457 (7.2015)
Ioa so?n : 1878, phd Gi6ng UA, He iloi
0r Bicn rap: 04.35121607
0T - Fax Phfl henh, I{ su:04.35121006
Email: t0anh0ctu0itreuietnam@gmail.G0m
BAN CO VAN KHOA HOC cm{u rnAcu Nntil*t xuir aAN

GS. T sKH.NcuvEN cANs roaN Chri tich HOi ddng Thanh vi6n
NXB Girio duc Vi6t Nam
TSKH. TRAN VAN NHL]NG
GS.
i, u4cvaNt$x
TS.NGUYENVANVO. NG
Tdng Gi6m ddc ki6m Tdng bicn tap
cs.ooaNquirvH NXB Gi6o duc Vit Nam
PGS.75. TRANVANHAO GS.TS.WVANHT]NG
HOI DONG BIEN TAP
Tdng bian fip : TS. rnAN uUU Nanr ThukiTda soan : Ths.ud QuaNc vrNn
rs. rnAN oiNu cuAu, rus. Ncuys,N aNu nCrNc, rs. rnAN Neu ofxc, rs. NcwiN urNu ouc, rs. NcuviN unss
HA, rs. NcuytN vrEr nAL pcs. rs. rr eu6c sAN, ras. pHAM vAN nixc, pcs. rs. vU treNu rcudr,
GS,TSKH. NGLTYEN VAN MAU, Ong NGUYEN KHAC MINH,7S. PHAM THI BACH NGQC, PGS. ZS. NGUYEN DANG PHAT,
pcs. rs. TA DUy pHLuJ.rG, rm. NcuysN ud
rnecu, GS.TSKH. DNG HUNG rnfuc, pcs. Ts. pHAN DOAN THoAI,
rns.vu rrlr rHtv, pcs. rs. vU DUoNG THUy, GS.TSKH. NcO vGr TRUNG.
TRONG SO ruNY
oa"n cho Trung hgc Co sd

Nguydn.Vdn Nho - Chiing minh bdt d&ng
@ thiic bing phrrong ph6p didu chinh s6'mtr.
For Lower Secondary School
NguydnVdn Hidu
@ ,d ra ki nAy
- MQt ddu hi6u chia hdt
Problems in This Issue
cho 7.
T7l 457, ..., T12l 457, Lll 457, Lzl 457 .
@ HuOrg dAn gi6i Dd thi tuydn sinh vio l6p 10
@ ciai bei ki trddc
Tnrdng THPT chuy6n LO Quj'D6n, Ninh
Solutions to Preuious Problems
ThuAn, nd.m hoc 2074-2015.
@ s"i ldm 6 dau?

@ OU thi tuydn sinh vi.o l6p 10 Tnidng THPT
chuy6n KHTN, DH Qudc Gia Hd N6i, nirm Tt) Hltu Son - MOt bei to6n hai d6p sd
hoc 2014 - 201,5.
@ r"a"hgcvAddisdng
@ Huang d6n giAi - Dd s6'9.
Phan Thanh Quang - Th[ng thua trong
oiiin din d4y hgc to6n thi ddu thd thao du6i m6t to6n hoc.
@
LA Qu6b Hdn - M6t sd phuong ph6p giAi @ tin hidu sAu th6m To6n hgc so cdp
bii to6n ctlc tri trong hinh hoc kh6ng gian. NeO Thi Nhd., Nguy6n Vdn Loi - C6c bdi
giii to6n noi tieng v6 ddy Catalan.
@ Oi6" din phttong phip to6n
Bia l: Thdp Rila - H6 Gtom, Hd N|i - d,nh: Phan Ngoc Quang

&ATAPCHITOAN H9CVAm6ffi
TnAN TRENtri ersr rrrriu ctrue BAN DEtr
llld
B0 DoN e TAP
TAP CHi T0AN HoC VA TU0t TRE HAN0 NAM
1116 t9 x 26,5 xn6 tg x26,5

Gi5 bia: OO.OOO O6ng Gi6 bia: tZO.OOO O6ng
rn6 t9 x 26,5 Krr6 tg x26,5 rn6 t9 x 26,5

O6ng
Gi6 bia: 1SZ.OOO Gi6 bia: 1ZS.OOO O6ng Gi6 bia: taS.OOO 06ng
Bqn dqc co th6 d{t nnua e6c cu6n s6ng tqp n&y t?i cac cs s& Btytf DIEN tr6n todrn
qu6c hofrc d{t mua tai Tda so?n.
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THTT So 457 Thang 07 Nam 2015 PDF

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xuflr eiil rU rgo+ rap cxi Rn HAruc rxAruc - NAM r-nU 52

oAruH cHo rRUNG xoc pxd rHOruc vA rnuruc uoc co s6

HY T MUA TC TH&TT TI C S BU IN GN NHT !

M5i c**n ddu c6 tiai ph5n: phSn Cdc chuyArt dd

thi Olya:pic ?cdn. ... Bang vic doc, gili nhi*-rg vi

Vdn ffhi, TS. Ph*rn Thi Bccf, Ngqc, PCS.TS. Ld

h5t cho 7 (2). abcdefg. Do abcdefg: a.106 + bcdefg , a6 i

b) Ta c6 O'D LAB nn O'D LMN. Do d6

+NtiuD:0thi *=+. ld trung diiSm cria D 1n O"g chta C), E c6

Khi D: -1, (l) c6 nghidm kdp x -

minD : -l khi x: -2. ndn d = UCLN (n + 5,29). Ta c6 p ld phdn sii

el< zgk-5<2ot5o 6 <k=2020 .

CAo TRAN rtlnAr (Ninh ThuQn)

VONG 2 (150 phitt)

Giei hQ phuong trinh

HY T MUA TC TH&TT TI C S BU IN GN NHT !

b) DAt z = a+bi (x,y elR)

''t+4'-lr "3 18 " 18 t+4

CAu 4. PT thf hai cria hQ tucrng duong voi

25* *gJg*, -+ ='x * x'2 +7, (1)

I > 251rdo *>ir\ vay 1 =-..i(oL.rr-rr)

Tac6] nenPT(2)vo Ciu 6. .K6 SF/ LAC (H eAC).

dim M ai aien tich thi& diQn BMD'N dqt gia

thuQc (Cauchy, Bunyakovsky ...) dC tim cuc tri

( AA' BB' cc' DD') -

HY T MUA TC TH&TT TI C S BU IN GN NHT !

trgng t6m cria tu diQn ABCD (Bpn <19c hdy

HY T MUA TC TH&TT TI C S BU IN GN NHT !

c6ng.thric Lagrange - Jacobi, titmfi,c1r cria mQt -:,

OThi dq 7 . Cho ttb din SABC vdi SA = a,

(v6i x ld sd thlrc ducrng), ta thudng ldm nhu sau: 7n

. X5c dinh <li6m roi cria BDT;

-(m+n)x'*' (*) Suy ra 6xi +l)1*u,ding thric xiry ra khi vd

"o abc phdn tich. ra cin d6nh gi6* (#)'

Ldi gidi.Tri gi6 thi6t ta 1+l*1=3 (*). \\z,D)'\t+c)

lb." ) -rE- b*"-,

CQng c5c BDT crlng chiOu o trOn, ta dugc: tfin

o * b * ' =!l,o*b\+tb+c\ Ji * Ji+ 1 > 3Vi > 2J;+ 1 > 3Vi.

( a \j ( rt \j (c ); 3 zJi *t>3ili; zJ, +t*l;.

CQng c6c BDT cing chidu o trn, ta dugc:

al M{t kh5c, cflng theo BDT Cauchy ta c6:

Ldi gidi. Theo BDT Cauchy ta c6: ^aub6cur-.

84+5>6.22. 2(at +bt +ct +a'+b'+c')*__l_=r.

8", +8', +...+8'. +5n26(22 +22 +...+22)

7. Cho c5c s6 thgc duong a, b, c.

tl (GV Truong Tnmg Vuong, D6ng Hd, Qudng Tri)

cAc lop rHCS 44.4.Chimgminhrang

HO QUANG VrNH (11dNdi

P*o3lffi$ I}{?HIS TsfI'E Froblern 'T51457" Solve the following system

nln x<2. fEE =idE =40" LBEK can t4i E vit EB :

x:1,y:4, z:5. tr phucrng ph6p vE th6m tam gi6c d6u.

HY T MUA TC TH&TT TI C S BU IN GN NHT !

T- a+b+c phdn giSc ngodi cria goc EFD, ta c6

Ldi gidi. Da s5 c6c ban cl0u su dgng BDT Cauchy ADHDNAD

vd BDT Bunyakovsky dC giai bdi toSn niy: A

(4a2 +2bz +l)(4c2 +3)

Thdi Hoa, TX. Th6i Hita, Xudn Hitng, llTl,

Hu)nh Huy Mdn,10 To6n 1, THPT chuydn Luong = rl t-44)].sa.ao.sinr,r (*).

Ho euANG Cdi hay trong bdi to6n tr6n ld chimg minh

- NOu xity ra flnt) > g(/r1) thi g(nr) eB n6n

HY T MUA TC TH&TT TI C S BU IN GN NHT !

W trong tg <liQn ld:

#% ilIOIBRI T.0R]I llflMPlil

25* gJg, -+ ='x * x'2 +7, (1)

-(m+n)x'' () Suy ra 6xi +l)1*u,ding thric xiry ra khi vd

Ldi gidi.Tri gi6 thi6t ta 1+l1=3 (). \\z,D)'\t+c)

o * b * ' =!l,ob\+tb+c\ Ji Ji+ 1 > 3Vi > 2J;+ 1 > 3Vi.

( a \j ( rt \j (c ); 3 zJi t>3ili; zJ, +tl;.