THTT So 458 Thang 08 Nam 2015 PDF

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DT Bi6n tAp: (04) 35121607; DT - Fax Ph5t hdnh, Tri su: (04) 35121606
s6 458 Email: toanhoctuoitrevietnam@gmail.com Website: http://www.nxbgd.vn/toanhoctuoitre
International Mathematical Oly*piad

1- 16 IULY 2Or5
CHIANG MAI, THAILAND
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(/ rnwebsite http /iwwwj stor. org vir
:
et http://www.nctrn.org, 6ng Thomas W

Shilgalis (.toms@math-itstu.edu), Bd Atasa
Shriki Gnriki@lcehates.ac.A, 619 Daniel
Scher (d;cbgr@,mag.cpm) d5 dugc Nationals
Council of Teacher of Mathematics cdng bti c6c Hinh I
bdi vii5t cira minh c6 li6n quan tltin Bdi todn di Bii to6n rli tim kho briu ld mQt bdi toSn ni5i
tim kho bdu, cdc bdi vi6t dd giiti quy5t clugc bdi ti6ng dugc rAt nhiAu nguoi dam mO to6n quan
to6n gi5c vd tl6 dua ra nhi6u c6ch giii. Trong tdm, n6 ttuqc di6n dpt bing ng6n ngfi to6n hgc
hQi thi khoa hsc thuft do Phdng GD - DT TP nhu sau:
Hu6 vd Sd GD - DT Thta Thi6n Hu6 trong QBdi todn l. Cho tam gidc ABC (AB ,ii dinh,
n[m hoc 2013-2014 cO dC tai "Ei tim kho bdu C ti.ty fl. Vi phia ngodi tam gidc ABC ta dryng
bing Hinh hqc vd phdn mim GSP" cta hai hgc hai tam giac vu1ng cdn ADC vd BEC
sinh 16p 9 Truong THCS Pham Vin DOng, TP
(CN)=CBE=W). Chtrn7 minh rdng trung dim
Uu6 U Nguydn Vidt Quang Khang vit Trin
Minh Hodng do c6 gi6o Truong Thi Bich F cila DE kh6ng phtl thu6c vdo vi tri di6m C.
Phuong hudng d6n, <15 khai th6c m& rQng hcrn Ldi gidi. (h.2)
bdi to6n trOn. Sau ddy tfuc gi6 bdi vii5t xin dua ra E
bdi to6n gi5c vd m6t md rQng hcrn nta cira bdLi
to6n ndy.
Bdi todn iti tim kho bdu: M6t nh6m cadp bidn
ch6n bdtr vdt cila h9 tqi mQt kho d'tAn m|t hdn
ddo vd ,-0 lai tdm bdn di nha hinh I dadi ddy: A HO B
TrAn dao co mQt cdy Cp C va doc bo'bidn cd Hinh 2
hai tang da A vit B. T* cdy C9 C, mQt tn cactp Cdch l.l.Ke DG LAB; CH LAB; EI LAB
,.; -: tang da A, quay phdi 90' r6i di
bidn buoc den (G, H,I e AB ). Ta c6 frfr :ilD lctrng ptru
:
thiing dn vi tri D sao cho AD AC. M6t tn vdi g6c CAII); AD : AC (giil thi60, suy ra
cuop bin khac cilng tir cdy Cp C buctc dn LGDA : LHAC )GD : AH vit AG : HC.
tdng dd B, quay trai 90' rai di tharg dn vi tri Tucrng tg co EI : BH vd BI: HC, nn
E sao cho BE: BC. Nhc5m caop bidn chon bdu :
AB GD + EI vd AG: HC: BI.
vQt tqi trung dim F cua DE. Ggi O ld trung dit5m cria AB ta c6: OA + AG:
'',.; ndm sau, mpt nh6m nhd tham him c6
Nhidu OB + BI :
=OG OI. Ll6c d6 OF ld ttuong
daqc tdm bdn d6 kho bau vd dd cilng nhau tim trung binh cira hinh thang GIED,nn
din hdn ddo nhang chi thiiy hai tdng da nhang no-GD+EI
'.t'- 2 =F2-=oA=oB.
khdng thiiy vi tri cdy c9. Hdi cac nhd tham hi6m
dd tim kho bau bdng cach ndo? Suy ra tam gi6c AFB vudngtai F.Lqi c6 OF lir
T?EI#S
te nrr,r-roru, I
dudng trung tr.uc cira dopn AB, vl th6 tam gi6c
lucrngw:
EI BI BE AG BI
AFB vtdng c6n tpi F, suy ra F ld el0m cO Ainfr. BH-= cH= BC=o = cu= cH
Ta c6 cliAu cAn chimg minh. > AG = BI; GD + EI : ldAH + BI{) : k.AB.
Cdch 1.2. (h.3)
Gqi O li trung di6mci.m AB tac6:
OA + AG: OB + BI = OG: OI.
Lfc <16 OF liL cludng trung binh hinh thang
gP=@)E
vu6ng GIED,n6n
22 =4, EILAB
vd OF ll EI=OFLAB. Vi th6 OF lit clulng

I{inh 3 trung tryc cua AB, suy ra tam gi6c AFB c6,n tqi
Ke AJLDC; BKLCE (J e DC; K e CD,l&i 48 t'
d6 JD: JC; KC: KE.DC thny fi gi6c CJFKlit
,tr. MAt khilc OF=T (chrmg minh tr6n). do
hinh binh hirnh, n6n FK : JC : AC.sin45" vit

,o
c16 trung cli6m F cin DE ld di6m c6 dinh.
_ FK AC Cdch 2.2. Chqn h0 tryc tga d0 c6 g6c toa tl6
KB:BC.sin4Jo3',,
KB--BC. O(0; 0) ld trung di}mcuaAB.
Gpi tga tlQ cira C ld C(o; b) vd ginthi6t a < 0,
Lpi c6 fEE =f?i +90' =2'70o -frk b > 0. Gie st AB : 2c >0 vd A(-c;0) vd B(c; 0).
=27ff -(360" - NA- rcB - ACB) ) FKB = ACB
KE DGLAB; CHLAB; EILAB (G, H, I C
> AFKB @ LACB (c.g.c) =6p =dEA. VAy AB). Ta co
FBA: ABC !. FBC = KBF + FBC = KBC :45' . IdE =6k - LGDA@ NIAC >GD: k.AH
Tuong tv: Fh =45o, do <16 trung cli6m F cira vdAG: k.HC.
DE ld di6m c5 dintr. Tucrng W EI : k.BH vir BI : k.HC. Lirc c16
Hai em Khang vd Hodng dd gibi qty6t dugc bdi D(-c - kb; k(c + a)); E(c + kb; k(c - a)).
todn m0 sau: Do F ld trung ditim DE n6n tga d0 cira F ld
cua
SBdi totin 2. Cha tant gidt: ABC (AB t:6 dinh, F(O;kc), suy ra F ld di6m cO Ainfr.
.,)
C tity 1\). I'd phia ngctiti tant giitc',48C; ta dqng _. ,.
Ti6p tirc md rQng gi6 thi6t CAD=CBE=9},
hei tam giac ADC vd BEC thr)a rndn diiu kien
AD BI: > 0: cAD
"" =::_1:A :----- thdnh gi6 ttri6t nai e6c dtrD vi, GE deu kh6ng
= 6 gg =90".
AC BC A6i va c6 t6ng bdng 180", chring ta can bO d6 sau:
Cht1ng rninh rdng trung dim F c'ua DE kh6ng
ph4r thrrq)c vao vilri diin C.
nA ai 1. Cho ,ti = o, khilng rt6i. Tran hai tia
Ax vd Ay ldn luctt ldy,- hai di6m B vd C sao cho
Cdch 2.1. (h.4) Ke DG LAB; CH LAB; EI LAB
{ :1.
(G, H, I e A4. Tn frE:ffi lcmg pfur AB Ttin BC tov ctiijm tt.stto t'h, ll
HB
= *'.
v6i g6c CAB)= LGDA,n \HAC (S.S)
Chung minh s6 do BAH va CAH kh6ng d6i.
GD AG AD _t-
-AH CH AC
Hinh 5
/.. TORN HOC

Z i duoiUa se nuttt-"lo
Chilmg minh. Trn tia Ax, Ay ldn luqt 6y diem Vi th6: LFKB a MCB
=fEF =dEA, nn
B' vit C'bdtlc}, sao o, = k:B *,8' (h.5). FBA= ABC XFBC = KBF + FBC = KBC.
"t ffi Lai c6 goc KBC kh6ng AOi lttreo UO AC t:
TrCn tlopn thing B'C 6y di6m fI sao cho BE
vi v6y si5 do g6c
HI
=p,6ii=9o",K9;=l),
-r" , KE
#=k'
11 D
.Taphni chimg minh: BAH =B'AH'
FBA\<hdngd6i. tuong tu s5 do g6c FAB kh6ng
dOl. ttreo gie thii5t A vd B cti dinh, n6n trung
Theo gi6 thi6t vd c6ch drmg:
# = ffi = o'
di6m F ci:r- DE ci5 dinh, kh6ng phs thuQc vdo vi
ffi iti6m C.
+-
HB HC HB+HC BC lrr
frBdi todn 3. Cho tam gidc ABC (AB ,6 dinh,
- H'B' H'C' H'B'+ Ht gt - Srgr' 's
C tiry !). Vi ph{a ngodi tam giac ABC ta dqtng
AB BC t AAp,- wL HB hai tam giac ADC vd BEC thoct mdn diiu kin
- \LAuL cr, AAlt'L")
AAI2t/-t\
= AB,= Hts, (l)
ÂB -
AB,= BC
+=!=*>o;hai
AC BC
goc 6tr0 va Gi aiu
, c6:, -AC
Ta lai
AC,
AB-*=
AB'
k= BC llB'C', suy ra khdng dAi va c6 t6ng bing 180". Chri'ng minh
I -."
rdng trung dim F- cia DE kh6ng phu thuQc vao
AABC @ AAB'C'=fri =ffid' Q) vi tri dim C.
Tti (l) vd(2)tac6: A,ABH cr'MB'H'(c.g.c). Ldi gidi. (h.7) Gqi J vit K lin luqt h trung di6m
qia DC vd EC. Khi d6 FK l/ DC
Suy ra 6h =EiF'. Do tt6 goc BAH kh6ng
tlOi. tucrng t.u g6c CAHldtdngddi (dpcm).
= FKC +JCK = 180o. Ggi,B' ld di6m <lOi xtmg
ciraB quaK.
Ap dsng U6 aA t chtng ta c6 c6ch giii thf ba
D
cho bdi todn2 vi cflng ld co s0 de giei q,ryiSt Uai
to6n 3.
Cdch 2.3. (bdi todn 2) (h.6)
Ggi -r vd K lin lucrt ld trung tli6m clioa DC vir
EC. Khi d6 FK l DC
= FEi *1ck= 180o. Hinh 7
B, Tt ADAC cD LB'CB (c.g.c)= NCA@ LKBC
KB CB KB
]C =:1::.
= -=1 CA KF Met kh6c
fFE =fEi *6EE = 18oo -frk *fii^

= 180o -(360" - JCA- KCB - ACB) + AJC
= I&-rso" *fiA*ifr nfrD =fr*.

Vi th6: a
Hinh 6 LFKB LACB(c.g.c)
=fEF =GA,
Gqi B' ld di0m tIOi xrmg cria B qua K. Ta chimg nn FBA= ABC+ FBC = KBF + FBC = KBC.
minh du-o. c: LDAC u) LB'CB Lai c6 g6c KBC khOng eOi lttreo UO CC t:
=NCAaLKrc.
^KBCBKB BE <:: KC
SUY fa: --===-== = -=;.
'JCCAKf I nem VaO OO:
BC =cr;*=l),
'KE vi vfy s6 <1o g6c
-:==ft:QfiE
fu=Ffu+dfu=$0" -idR+fii FBAlr,h6ng<lOi. tuong t.u sti <to goc FAB kh6ng
,i. ^ F -.:.
-.. ld <li6m t
ddi, nn cd dinh.
= 18oo -(360" -ieA-fry -fri1+fii D chrmg minh tlugc bdi to6n md rQng chring ta
l .,t.t,).^
= ACB -180" + JCA+ JAC + AJC = ACB. can trep bo de z.
T?3il.58E
te nur,r-roro 3
Si di Z. Cho hai tam gidc ABC vd DEF co LLy J DCvdK e EC sao cho
fu*6fr=180" vd {=nY-=H. Trdn cqnh DJCKKDF -:- =
AB 'DE JC KE K' -_ . L:hi d6 FK ll DC
FE'
BC vd DF theo th* tu liiy diAm H vd G sao cho -::::
rc =*CH= K. Chilmg
? ^,, minh: NIBA a' LGED. -fu*1eR = 180o.
GF HB K'- LLy B' 6 trn tia d6i tia KB sao cho
KB, K CK lrttB'Cll BE
KB K' KE
-=-=-.
= fiE = 18oo -dEE
<:= --.
:a.=CAL)- Ya:.
RC EC BE k ., AD
B; rc= BE.rc= ld.r:,r=re
LilCB s NCA @ LKBC (86 Ad z).
cn
=ADAC
Chdmg minh. Trn tia O5i cua tra GE 6y di6m - ra: CB KB KB,(FKCJld hinh binh henh).
Suy
6#==o
E,sao , ff=*:#. Khid6 EFt DE, frB:fu*fu=r8oo -frx*fie
"n
= fiE = 18oo -fEF =fre . Tac6: -(360' -ieA-fri -fri>*fii
= 18oo
-^
frE=fu;#:#=oro, ^ ^
= ACB -180" + JCA+ JAC + NC : ACB.
+ MBC cn LDEE'(c.g.c) Vi thi5: LFKB @ MCB (c.g.c)= 6F:dEA,

CHK
*#i=#.vtd*Lrec: ff
M=HB
HB K,
n}n: FBA : ABC + FBC = KBF + FBC : KBC.
Do d6 si5 tto g6c FBA thdtg A6i, pO dd 1).
_BC =HB_ DE gii
- EE' GE - GE. Tuong tu si5 do g6c FAB kh6ng cl6i. Theo
ThOm vio tl6: DEE'=ABC (MBC cn LDEE'), *r6t,l vi B cO <tinh. Do d6 trung di6m ,F' cria
suy ra NIBA @ LGED (dpcm). DE c6 dinh.
Bdi todn m0 rQng. Cho tam giac ABC (AB c6 Nhu vfy bdi torln md r$ng ctn"Bdi todn di tim
dlnh, C tily y). Vi phia ngodi tam gidc ABC
kho bdu" dfl tlu-o. c gini quytit. Thgc chSt "Bai
dang hai tam giac ADC vd BEC th6a diiu kin:
todn ili tim kho bdu" lit d4ng torin chimg minh
hai gdc CAD vd CBE du kh6ng d6ivd co t6ng
tludng thing tti qua mQt tli6m cO dinh (ttuong
biing l8O', Trn doan DE
#=hffi=r. th5ng DE lu6n tli qua <liiim cO ei"n F Wri A3
cti di"t' vn Cb6t kY).
kiy diem F sao ,r, #=* Chung minh
dim F kh6ng phu thuQc vdo vi tri didm C.

Bdi torin dd md rQng tu hai g6c 6D"e 6EE
Lai sidi. (h.9) <Idu vu6ng vi do tl6 c6 t6ng b[ng 180"<ttin hai
g6c eAD vl enE chi cin kh6ng di5i va c6

t6ng beng 180o, nhung li[u tiing hai g6c CAD
vd CBE khdc l8O" thi cdn thAm ctiiu kiQn gi de
bdi totin ffAn vdn cdn dtlng,... Xin moi c6c bpn
cring g6p sfrc dri ldm phong phri thm kho tang
toiin hgc so c6p phuc vu cho viQc nghiCn criru vi
Hinh 9 day hsc m6n Torin.
. TORN HOC
*ttt--ro
4 E cfuOiEA s.S

ioE rHrruyEru strun vAo Lop r o nnOu roAu
2015.2016
vdxc r
Cflu I. 1) a) Ta c6
1a2 -b'1+3(a-b):0= a+b:-3 a*b). (do
. voi x =-*,r=-3*t P=4.
J3
1 _1
b) Ta c6 (a2 +b2)+3(a+b)=4* az +b2 :13 Vfy maxP = -i. minP--+.
+(a+b)z -Zab:13=ab:-2 J3' J3
Cflu III. A
(a+b)(az -ab+b')=45.
= a3 +b3 -
Lwu !,. Hgc sinh c6 th6 gi6i bing dinh ly Vidte.
r) DE th6y
EeCA,F eAB.
2) Tu HPT ttd cho suy ra {'.\*'l' =-t\' Do <16
BF BD CD
l4x'+Y'=rry
>4xz -2Y'-2ry:0 = (x-Y)(Y+2x)=0 BA BA CA
CE
*y=x;y:1x. Ttr d6 tim dugc cic nghiQm = g*'v?Y
cria hO ln: (Q0); l;U,( ?' -!\ EFIIBC.

[5'-5J 2)rac6 frFN =frFA+wrA=Ua,e +ivrD
Cflu
-'-'- --' I /) Dat
II. o=--J91-
(x-1)(y-l) =ffie *ffii= 180' -ffiN = t8o' -friN.
Suy ra tb gi6c MPNJ nQi ti6p.
(x-l)(y-l)+x+y-2 _11
(x-1Xy-1) -la-f-
x-l y-l 3) Tri gi6c MPNJ nQi tiiSp nen ffi =ffi
g._1_.1
^ ^
= MEI =EN =DN =MPA A, J,P theng hang.
x>2:yaz*o.f-S1
Ta c6:
x- |
vd
y-L =
Ciu IV. l) Theo quy tic trn, s5 d hang I cQtT
ll<o<3*lo=T
*\o.z fa=2 i(i=*1).
bing t+2+ 3+...+ i=
2
. Yor a=2 tac6 1=l*-L tu 8t! :T)16. Vpy so 2016 bhang I cQt 63
x-I y-I "O 2
e (.r - 1)(y - 1)-("r -1)-(y -1) = 0 c}t62
suy ra s5 ZOIS d hdng 2
=m-2,n-62.
a 2)Tac6 ab+bc+ca+abc 34
-z):r={--?=l
(x -2)(y
l!-z=r ={'='..
[Y=J e 12 + (ab + bc + ca) + 4(a + b + c)
. Tuongluvoi a=3 tatimdugc: x:2vdy:2.
>
8 + 4(a + b + c) + Z(ab + bc + ca) + abc
2)Yl x2y2+2y+1=0=y+0 a (2 + a)(2 + b) + (2 + b)(2 + c) + (2 + c\(2 + a)
>(2+ a)(2+b)(2+ c)
=*, *Z*1=o+ *, *(!*r)'=r.
J v' \Y ) 111
o ,*o+ (*).
2*6+ z+r>l
Ddt u= 1 + 1, ta dugc x' + u' :1.
v Ts a6. I _ a+* +t .a+* +3
J-=- f,--eZP : x-P* 'u ""' 2+a @+t+l\(a+t +c'y' (a+b+c)z'
Tac6: p =-
:+f u+'2 tuong w:
I b+d +c2 1 - c+a2 +*
1'
2+bt 1o*6*ry' z+c= @+b+cf '
= 4P2 = 1x - Pu)z < (1,+ Pz)(x' * u') =l + P2 (*) suy ra
CQng 3 U6t Aeng thric vd srl dung
<>_
1
,p rL. 2(a2 +b2 +cz)+a+b+c> (a+b+c)z
{J VJ
. voi x:$,r=jtni P=L, ea2 +bz +cz +a+b+c22(ab+bc+ca).
VJ
t?[I#ff,5
"rnrr,r-*rr,
voNc rr
C0uI. 1) DAt x:3a+b-c,y =3b+c-a,
:A
zJi + z 4 : J4(y + z 4) r r:4:I ry =
z=3c+a-b ta dugc (x+y+z)3 -f -y'-i
e 3(x + y)(y + z)(z + x) : ).{
= Jy+z-4 rry.
e 24(a+2b)(b +Zc)(c +2a) =24
e (a+2b)(b+2c)(c +2a) =I. Tuong W ,lr+ *4 <ff;,t.*i:a ,+.
2) He de cho tuong <luong v6i 4* + 4Y * 4'
Dorl6 P> y+z z+x
t?+z)(t+2)=s +9x
(r) x+y
+y)+y3 +7 =26x3
lZl(x +27 xz (2)
'[ry*o*-f
=q(
*' (r*r*r)' ,
* ),o' 2(w+v+xz)' ; .
(2) a(x+y+2)3 = (3"r+1)3 e x+y+2=3x+l zy+xy' o+v )-
a2x*y = 1. Thi5 vdo (1) ta thu ilugc Md (*+y+r)'>3(a+y+xz) = r>+.|=a.
(x +2)(2x +1) = 9 e 2x2 + 5x -7 = 0. Ding thric xity ra s,v=y-z*4.Vf,y minP:6.
Tim tlusc nghiQm cria hQ ld: (l; 1) re f-l;-S) III
Cf,u
\z ) 1)GgiKlihinh
CfluII. 1)Giasir n+5 =a2,n+30=b2 chi6u cira C 16n
AM. Tathdy
(4, b e N, a < D
=8 -l =?5 e(b+ a)(b- a) =25 BH =CK vit
=0< b-a<b+a. Dod6 HM = MK. Ti d6
lb+ a- =25
)"' -- .- la =12
t-^,)- -:>n-139(th6amdn).
AN:2HM: HK
lb-a=t l.a=t: ndn I/N = AK.
2) DK: x) O, y > 0. Tt gi6 thiiit ta c6 Yiy MHN=MI(A
x + y + 4 +2$ + y +1 = x * ! +2.[*y (c.g.c) suy ra
e,li+y+5 =,[xy -z BN = AC.
2) ABHN = LCKA
= x+y+3= x!+a-arfxy. hay BNQ-Q/1{.
=BNH=CAK
Do d6 ,[xy eq=Jrry =L
q
vor pe N,4eN. Lai c6 AN:QN vit BN=CA>MNQ=Ptr19
"e
(p,q)= 1. Suy ra- q'xy >
p2 q =L (c.g.c), suy ra QBN = NCA hay DBN = NCD
= p=,t-l.y:l= p-2.
vQy tu gi6c BDNC nQi tiOp.
=.ffi
Thay vio phucrng trinh ddu ta 3) GQA= GDA= GBC vd GAQ = GDQ = GCB
duoc
Ji *Jy = p-r= Ji =(p-l)-.fr > LGQAa LGBC vd c6 trung tuyr5n tucrng
tmg h GN vit GM nln @Nctt{BM vit
= x-(p-t)' +y-2(o-1).[ MNA@ rcMC. Tri d6 LGNM @ LGAC
=>.[Q3.F:r.N. 3GN0=
x+y=u'+v'. 180' -GNA = 180' -GAC =GAD, kCt hatp
Tuongt.utac6 Ji=re N=+
Thay vdo phuong trinh itiu ta nhfln ctugc @t =6A ) lceN <-n ffiA. rt d6 H=#
,t7i7 +3 =u*v-1
= u' +v' *3: u2 +v2 +l+2uv -2u-2v ={,
gi tethqp m/ = @ * ztrlvecn aDOG
) uv-u-v -1 = 0
e (a _ r)(v _t) = z= _ I __i" _i-_? =dfre =dDi =66N =frdE = NGtnC.
il {i Cflu IV. Ta chimg minh bdi to6n dirng v6i tpp
Tim duo. c: (x : 9, y : 4), (* : 4, y : 9). S co n diCm (z > 3). rru6c htit ta chimg minh
3) Ap dsng BDT Cauchy ta c6
c6 tdn tpi duong thing. .. (Xem tiip trang 26)
r TORN HQC
0'cruau@
mft THr r:urr&rry srrun rrAo LGP to
TqttdNc TtlpT cHuYtN DllsP nA Nfi xAm Hec 201s - z0t6
VONC I (Thrii gian tdm bdi 120 Phrtt)
CAu 1 (2,5 dim). Cho bi6u thric C0u 3 (1,5 dim). Cho a, b ld chc sO ttrUc kh6c 0.
ei6t ring phuong trinh a(x - a)' + b(x - D2 O :
:
'. _ft.iil,-,,)'
,o'r.Tr-ft.*)
,v6ia>o,b>0,a+b. 11'sli::i9vnh6t
chimg minh lal lbl'
Cffu 4 Q diA@, Cho tam giSc ABC c6 cbc g6c
ABC , ACB nhon vh BAC:60'. C5c dudng
1) Chrmg minh p =* phAn gi6c trong BB1, CCt cintam gi6c ABC cht
D Gie srt a, btrruy aoi sao cho 4a + o + Jau :t. *T 1u't . ,h h.r oi4c r'R.r(-,n6i 1 '
1) chung minh tu gtirc ABJC. noi tiep'
Tim gi6 tri nh6 r,hht cruap. giao di6m thir hai (kh6c B) ctla
trinh 2) Gqi K
Cdl.2 e aiAD.Cho he phucrng "ld
"'.."-:'.:-*
[x-my:r-o'ri vbi mld tham s6' cludng thlng BC v6i cludng trdn
.ngo.4i
ti6p
^ LBCTI'Chtmg minh tu gi6c CKIBInQi ti6p'
I
\/mx+ y =z**T minhAK L BtCr'
1) Giai hQ phuong trinh khi m:2.
\-aiim1'Timcdc s6thsckhdng dmavir
']^Chj*-.*
2) chrmg minh h6 1u6n c6 nghiQm v6i mqi :i':
ila t i "iu m" Giit'si (x. ,
;r'; te. Crlrr,rg minh dingifiuc
-- i -- (
yrjia mQt nghiQm b tho6 mdn. '
o, *rr*1)( t, *o*+)= (rr.*)(ru-.i)
.;+yi-5(xo+yo)+lo=0. \ 4)\ 4) \ 2
VONG ll (Tltit'i sian liittt bdi 150 phritl
Cflu 1 (2,5 dim). Cflu 3 (1,5 dim). Cho hai s6 nguy6n a, b thoh
1) Cho a) 0, a + 1. Rrit gqn bii5u thuc mdn az + bz + I : 2(ab + a * b). Chrmg minh
ring ovd b ld hai s5 chinh phuong 1i6n ti6p.
s=.l(Jfi.afniffi +
Cflu 4 Q die@. Cho tam gi6c nhqn ABC
+,JG + tl6-ta - t' [-, -,-]. (AB < AC), M ld trung di6m cira canh BC, O lit
=1-t) I
lz(J, t6m cira clulng trdn ngopi titip tam gi6c. Cbc
2) Cho x,y thoi m6n: 0 <x ( 1, 0 <Y < 1 vd dudng cao AD, BE, CF ctra tam gi6c ABC ddng
quy tpi H. Cic tiiip tuyiSn vdi (O) t1i B vd C cit
*l-x * J-
l- v =
I . Tinh gi6 tri biu thfc nhau tai S. Gqi X, Y b,n luqt ld giao di6m cira
ducrng thtng EF v6i c6c clulng thing BS, AO.
p= x*y*,ff:ry*y' .
Chrmg minh ring
Ciu 2 (2 die@. MQt xe thi c6 chiOu rQng ld t) AIX L BF.
2,{mvdchidu cao ld},5mmu6n di qua mQt c6i 2) Hai tam gi6c SMX vitDllF rtting dpng.
cdng hinh Parabol. Bi6t kho6ng c5ch gifta hai EF BC
ch6'ii cdng ld 4m vd khodng c6ch tu clinh c6ng
''^.
<l _
FY - cD'
(dinh Parabol) t6i m6i chan cdng ld 2J5m (b6 Cflu 5 (1 diAm). Trong m[t phing toq dQ Oxy,
qua <tQ ddy ctra cdng).
cho tam gi6c ABC co cfuc dinh ld c6c dii5m
nguy6n (mQt di6m tlugc ggi ld di6m nguyn n6u
1) Trong mpt phAng toa d0 Oxy, gqiParabol
hodnh <10 vd tung ilQ cira ditim d6 ld c5c s6
(P): y: a* vor a < 0ld hinh bi6u di6n cdng md nguyOn). Chimg minh ring hai lAn diQn tich cira
xe tii mudn di qua. Chrmg minh a: -1. tam gi6c ABClilmQt sO nguyOn'
2) H6i xe t6i c6 thC di qrru ctuoc kh6ng? NGUYEN THANH TT6NC
"'6119
Tai sao? (GV rruong THPT chr.qt1n DHSP Hd N|i) Sioi thi/u.
t?3ilrHBE
t, nur,r-rorr, 7
I}IE}IT A1
M1L}I[
Cfru 2. Tim gia tri tdn nhdt vd gid tri nho nhtit
cua ham so f(x)=ya! trOn doqn U;31.
Ldi gidi. Hdm sr5fix) li0n tuc tr6n dopn [l;3]

f'(x) : l-),x f'(x):0 <>x=Ze(t;3)
A
vit:
CAu 4. T{nh tich phdn I=
t{"-Z)r'at.
I r) : s;\Q): a;fl3): f uflr,
0
Ldi gi,rti.Ddt u :x - 3 du = dx
=
Ddt dv : ddx, chgn v : e*. Ta c6
.
4 khi * : 2; :
f;1i/("rl = \ff f(.r) : Jftt1i I 1
- -11 'a .-
Loi binh. Cdc budc bdi todn tim GTLN, GTNN I: (x -3)e'lo - le.dx =-ze*:-"'1. =4-3e.
rt
cilaflx) trn la;bf: 0
Ldi binh. OC tintr tich ph6n dang:

Brdc l. Khdng dinhflx) li6n tuc *dn fa:b), b
t=
tinh f'(x). Tim c6c gi6 t4 x, e(a;b)sao cho ff{x).e**'dx tathuc hi6n theo phucrng ph6p
f '(x,) = o.
tich phdn tung phAn bingo crtch
---------
ddt P.=f(x)
Budc2.Tinh f (a):f (u);f (",) vd so s6nh c6c [du=e^*6r.
gi6 tr1 <IO dua ra k6t ludn bdi to6n. Bdi tQp trong ty. Tinh cbc tich phdn sau:
Bdi 4p ttong tV l) 1= lx6+e"*'1dx.
Tim gi6 d lon nh6t vd gi6frnh6 nh6t cira hdm
^ 2x2 +3x +3 tr6ncloqn l0:2).

so.Y:
2) r =itd:r1e
ffi ix'
CAu 3 Cho sti phac z thda mdn (1-i)z-1+5i =0. Cdu 5. Trong khdng gian vdi hQ truc Oxyz, cho
Tim phin thtTc vd phin do ctia z. cac dim A(1; -2; l), B(2;1; 3) vd m(fi phdng
Ldi gini.(l - r)r- 1 + 5i : 0 ++ (I - i)r: I - 5i (P) x-y +22-3=0. Vit phuong trinh duclng
(l-5i)(t+i) t-4i-Si2
A __ l-5i _=1ti1t+i; thdng AB vd tim tqa dQ giao didm cua dadng
<+--=
l-i = z =3-2| thdng AB v6i mdt phdnC (P).
Vfy phdn thuc cria zld3;phAn Ao ci,r-zld_ 2.
Ldi binhz Cdu tr6n c6 th6 ldm theo cdch: gi6 sri
Ldi gidi. Dudng thhng AB <li qua A Q; a; \
z=a+bi(abe R) thi.5t hp hO phucrng trinh chira vd M : Qr3;2)ldmvecto chi phuong
nhfn
a, b, giiti h6 tim duoc c, D suy ra s6 phric z. *-l =Y+2
Bdi tQp ttfing ttt
n6nc6PT'
132 -'-l
Bii 1. Cho sd phic z th6a mdn diAu kiQn:
Tqa d0 giao di6m M cua AB vd (P) ld nghiCm
hQ phuong trinh:
z(t+zi\
1z
+ i), +ff = 7 + 8i . Tim phan tfurc, ph6n Il-=rx-l v+2=- z-l
6o cira s6 phirc w =I+ z+i. 11 3 2 <+ M(0;-5;*1).
BAi 2. Cho sd phitc z th6a m6n diAu ki6n: Ir-y+22-3=0
(r TOAN HoC
U - cfuAfua se nsa te-roro

Bdi fip ttrnng tU Loi gidi
Bni 1. Trong kh6ng gian v6i hQ trUc tqa t10
Oxyz, cho hai rli6m AQ; l; -l); B(l; 2; 3) vd
mflt phing (P) : x + 2y - 2z + 3: 0. Tim tqa d0
hinh chi6u rudng g6c cira A trn (P).
Bii 2. Trong khOng gian v6i he truc tqa d0
Oxyz, cho LABC c6 A(1; 1; 0), B(0;2; l) vit
trgng tAm G(0;2; -t). ViCt phucrng trinh dulng M
thingBC vd tim giao tli6m ciaBCvd (OAG). ' Do Sl L(ABCD) n6n SC c6 hinh chi6u vu6ng
g6c trn (ABCD) ld AC, do tl6 g6c gita SC vd
Cdu 6. Trong dqt phdng ch6ng dich MERS -
CoV. Sd Y td thdnh pniS aa chgn ngdu nhiAn 3 (ABCD) ld SCA : 45o n6n tam gi6c SIC vu6ng
dQi phdng ch6ng dich co dQng trong tA S a\i cintqi A. Ta c6:
cua Trung tdm Y t dqt phdng TP HO Chi
"Minh
vd 20 dAi ctia Trung tdm Y t cct sd d kim tra
AS : AC : oJZ ) Vr.*ro = !o' .oJi = +
c6ng tac chudn bi. Tinh xac suat d c6 it nhtit 2 ' Ldy dim M sao cho ABMC ld hinh binh henh.
dQi ctia cac Trung tdm Y td co sd daqc chqn. YC AH vu6ng g6c v6i BM tai H, AKrudng g6c
Ldi gidi. 36 phAn ff cua kh6ng gian m6u ld: SH tqiK. Khi d6 AK vudng g6c v6i m{t ph[ng
n(O) =
(SBM.
C3zs =2300.
Gqi Ild bi6n c6 "c6 it nhSt 2 clQi cira c5c trung
.111145
lCl wU, =--;T--------;=-----:-T------;=-;.
t6m Y tC ccr s6".
AK'^ SA' AH' 2a' 2a' 2a'
Vl AC ll (SBl4), suy ra
56 phAn ff cua A ld: n(A) : C:rC: + C3^ = 2999.
; ;. .. n: f : n(A) 209 d(AC, SB) : d(A; (SBM): o*:
Xac suat Can tlm *
,@)= 2:0. Ldi binh. Ngodi c6ch trOn c6 th6 dtng phuong
Bdi tQp ttmng tV ph6p tqa d0 dC giai.
Bni 1. Vdng chung kiit World aq 2014 c6 32
Bdi tQp trdng tV
dQi tuy6n tham d1r trong d6 c6 4 ttQi tuyiin Chiu
A, 13 dQi tuy0n. Chdu Au, 10 dQi tuy6n Ch0u Bii 1. Cho hinh ch6p S.ABCD c6 it6y ABCD lit
M! vd 5 dQi tuy6n ChAu Phi. Trong 16 b6c thdm hinh ru6ng tdm O. Sl vu6ng g6c vcri diry, SC
chiabing s6.chen ng6u nhin 4 tlQi b6ng vdo tao vdi tt6y mQt g6c bing 45" vd SO: a$o
bing " t[r thdn". Tinh x6c su6t cl6 trong 4 clQi
b6ng roi vdo b6ng " til thAn" c6 mQt <lQi b6ng Tinh theo a th6 tich t<troi ctrOp S.ABCD vit
ChAu A vi it nhdt 2 dQi b6ng ChAu Au. khoing c6ch gifia SD vdAC.
Bni 2. Trong mQt m6n hgc thAy gi6o c6 30 cAu Bdi2. Cho hinh ch6p S.ABCD c6 d|y ABCD liL
hoi kh6c nhau g6m 5 cdu hdi kh6, 10 c6u h6i hinh cht nhdt c6 AB : a, g6c ADB: 30"; ,SC
trung binh, 15 cdu h6i dC. TiI 30 c6u h6i d6 lQp tao v6i dby (ABCD) mQt g6c 60'. Tinh theo a
ra cic Ae UCm tra, m6i dC g6m 5 c6u h6i khSc the tich ttrOi cfrOp SABCD vd khoing c6ch gita
nhau. Chgn. ng6u nhiOn mQt clir, tinh x6c su6t dC SC vit BD.
trong d kiOm tra d6 nhat thiOt phAi c6 tlu 3 loai
Cfru 8. Trong mfu phiing voi h toa d0 Oxy, cho
ciu hoi vd sd cAu h6i d6 kh6ng ithon2.
tam gidc ABC vu6ng tai A. Gpi H ld hinh chiu
Cdu 7. Cho hinh ch6p S.ABCD c6 day ACBD ld
cfia A trn cqnh BC; D ld dim di5i xtrng cua B
hinh vu6ng canh a, SA vu6ng g6c vdi mfit qua H; K ld hinh chi6u ciro vudng goc C trAn
phdng (ABCD), gdc giira dadng thfing SC va
dadng thdng AD. Gid sa H (-5;.-5), K (9; *3)
mfu phting (ACBD) blng 45". Tinh theo a thd vd trung di6m cila canh AC thuQc dadng thdng
tich cfia khiii chop S.ABCD vd khodng cdch cd phaong trinh'. x - y + 10 : 0. Tim t7a d6
gitra hai dudng thdng SB, AC. dim A.
T?8I#8E
ts nrr,r-roru, 9
Ldi gi,rti
9\
I
[*> 3+JR
-t---
lx'-2x+l=x+2 2
vOy x : 2; x :'P ld nghiQm cta Pr.
Bdi tQp ttnng tU

Bii 1. Gi6i phucrng trinh:
x2 +3x
M x +z
Cfch 1. Gqi M ld trung di6m cria AC. V\ M Bii 2. Giii-=(x+lXJx+l_l).
phuong trinh:
thuQc dnon M (t; l0 + t).
Ta c6fu gi6c AHKC n6i ti6p clulng trdntdm M lffi-2x2+3x)
nn MH - MK> M (0; 10). Gqi E ld giao rli6m (",8+3 +J;J) = 8.
cin AH vd CK thi D le tryc tdm tam gi6c AEC, CAu fi. Cho cdc s6 thurc a, b, c thtbc' dogn
suy ra AB l DE. Do d6 6ii =6Ri =fu=fu [ ,3] vd thoq rndn,,:diiu kin a + b + t' = 6.
ndn tam gi6c HAK c6n t4i H. Gie sft A(a; b), khi Tin .gii tri lon tthut t'rro bir;tr thil'c
clo: ,,'bt + ltl t'! + ,'t (,t + l2abc +12 I
P-- - -2 abc.
+(b+s)2 =266 ub+bc+ca
Iux= -
[k*s)' Ldi gidi
lut= MH
[a, +(b_lo)2 =25g a' b' + b' c' + c' a' +l2abc +72
Tim duoc A (-15;5). P: ab+bc+ca -!ot
2
r.
Chch2. Dr*g trung tr.uc cua HK c6 phuong trinh
y:1x + 10 c6t ilucmg th1ng(d: x -y + 10 0 tai : Ta c6: (ab + bc + ca)2
di6mM(0; 10).
= a2 b2 + b' c2 + c' a' +2abcla + b + c)
Y\ NIAK cdn tai H nn dim A ld di6m d6i
ximg cira K yatludng thing MH: y:3x + 10,
: a'b' +b2c2 +c'a' +lZabc.
vQy tsa d0 ili6ml (-15; 5).
< "* o-*'' = rr.
.2
Ldi binh. M6u ch6t cira bdi to6n ld vi6c chimg Datx : ab - bc t ca
J
minh tam gi6c HAK c6n tpi K vd d0 y cl6n tinh Ta c6 a, b, c e 171,31, suy ra
chAt cira tu gi6c nQi ti6p.
(a-t)(b-I)(c-1) >0
CAU 9. Giai phuo'ng tilnh:
\'-+./r'-X
* abc * (ab + bc + ac) + a + b + c - l>- 0
_i--^
r--2r+3
= 1 r'+ l)1r/.r+ 2 -2) tAn fipsd thur:. >abc -x+5>0
= abc> x-5.
Lpi c6 (a-3)(b-3Xc -3) < 0
Ldi gidi. DK:x > -2.
/ " -2)(x+4)
Phucrng trinJr <+ Y,----:_-: =(x+ l) x-2 = abc -3(ab + bc + ac) +9(a + b + c) -27 3 O
x -2x +3 ,lx +2 +Z = abc 13x-27.

f r:) - Vdv 3x -27 > abc> x - 5
I^ 3x-27 >x-5 = 2x>22 * x> 11. Tathdy
<+l x+4
| _-_
x+l /t\
x2+J2 I {- x2+72 I x 72 5
lx2 -2r +3 J +2 +2
x f^=--=Lii)t -;\-r
- =;r-r=
-)7
(1) e (x + q(,li +2 +2) = (x+ 1)(x2 :2x +3)
x 2-- x 2 Z x 2
e (fG+21'z +z)tJx.+z +21 (x e[1]; I2l). DAt fQ)=+*2*1
zxz thi
=l{x -r) + 21 [<, - r;' + z) 1zl

f'@)=; -?=o.rtd6 *?*1=9'
P<!2l2l
Xet JU) : Q +2)(t2 +2) = t3 +2t2 +2r + 4, voi t
khi a : l, b : 2, c : 3.Ydy maxP
D_ 160 160
r e lR., /'(r) =3t2 + 4t +2> 0= JU) ddng bi6n 11
- 11
tr6n lR. YdVQ) <>x-1 =Jx+2
. ,, TORN HOC
I U t "f,rdifta sti ase ta-zorst
wsffiP]i ffi&Fil t,l/r\\/c
pmlc pflrj0uc
rlNc nuNc so vrt nu tom uu tln Triult
'. o * A 'A
vi fim rono ilfin 0tlilH niH cj
TRAN DiNIINAM
(Gl/ THPT YAn Dfrng 56 3, YAn Diing, Bdc Giang)
r. crAr HE PHUoNc rniNu nAxc so PHUC y3 +3(ix)2 y + 3(ix)y2 + (/.y)' - (y + ix) - (1 + i)

t. fi6n thfc co bf,n : x' + 2D - y' - y't - l^yt + x' t.
1 - ) ). ).
' N6u cho s6 phuc z = x + iy thi:

e (y +rx)3 -(y+zr)-(1+i; = (x _ yi)' +i(x-ry)2
- So phric lien hqp n z : x -iy. Dit z : x + iy, z e C thay vio PT trn ta dugc
- Binh phuong cira sd phirc z 1d:
z))2^
=x -y +zxy.t. U;f - i; -tl +i) = 1t +i;17.r'
- Ldp phucrng cira sO phric z ld: e (t +(i)'z)( i z +l+ i)= 0 e, = i, z = _.i,i = -l + i.
1 1 ) _^ )
z- = x- - ^31))- + (Jx-) - y- ).1.
1
' [,'=o
-Yot z=t>x-ty -,<){
- Lf,y thria bflc b6n cira sO phric z ld: [Y=-i
z4 =x4 -ox / ) )
y -_v1 ++\x,. I
y-xy 3,.)t. =
*r-'',
Y6i ;= -i
= x - iy =-, o {*
lY=1
9.
- Nghfch d6o cua s6 phuc z ld: fz = x- +y- .
*Yoi;=-1+ i= x-iy=-1+i o{*=-:.

-i i = j_v+xi
î clen |.]=-r
uan -z x +y .
Vfy HPT co cilc nghiQm (:r;y) = (0;-1),
(.r;)) = (0; 1) vd (x;y) =(-1;-1).
- Ta c6 md dun cua s6 phirc z lit
fU Nh$n x6t: Ta c6 th6 sir dpng phucrng ph6p bi6n
lzl:tlx'+y'
=tlz.z
OOi vC tich cl6 giai hQ (I) nhu sau
' Cho hai s6 phtc 21= xt+yl.i vd z, = x, + yri. * l)(r' - Y' + t) = 2-ry(Y + I )
I t*
( -.
lx,=x2 (I)
'-' <+ <
Tac6: z.=z-<=
t z |' . lty+lXy2 -x'-l)=2"ry(x+l)
Bing c6ch xdt cdc trudng hqp: x : -l; y : -1;
[]' =]'
. .r : 0; y : 0; (x; y) * (0; 1), @; y) * (-l; -1) vA

" nnr {/(x:r)=!
D6 giei
is(xlY) = 0
uing phucrng ph6p
(x; y) t (0; --1) ta cflng tim duoc nghiQm cira hQ
su dgng sd phric ta c6 thii nh6n vdo hai v6 cua (I) nhu c6ch gi6i tr6n.
'l-hi clg 2. Gitri HPT trr)n lti1t s,) rri;rt'
m6t trong hai PT trong hQ v6i i riii cQng (tru)
thich hqp dC xuAt hiQn nhirng sO hang [:
, .li l.r+-:J-1-:
j .\' 'I \'-
(l)
z,z' ,z' ,1,:,..., tr tlo tim dugc nghiQm cira hQ.
ZZ I r---L -'lt
2. MQt s6 thi aq l.r .\ r.\'- = () t-lt
Th{ d1r l. GiAi HPT trAn fip s6 thu"c'.
L
Laigi,rti.DK: -r2 +y2 *0. Tac6:
[.r' -3.rr't -r'- =.\' ] l.\) -.r' t It
I
[)' 3..t-t -.v- I =.rt -].r1 -.r'r (2r (2)e(r-*Jt'r].,=,
x'+Y'l
(3).
Ldi gidi. \
Nhdn vdo hai vC cria PT (1) v6i rlcm vi ho i ta *, it,
Tt (1) vd (3), ta c6: x+iy_ tu+tur+3 =3.
dugc PT: i(x3 -3x),2 +"r+1) =7y2 +2ry-x'1i 111 x+y x+y
Tt PT (2) vit PT (3), ta c6 Ddt z = x + iy vit thay vdo PT tr6n ta dugc:
T?31#t
te nrr,r-ror' ff
s--!\-15
izz^ .=3 (4)
lx=J1+2
{'" ' ': - (thoa mdn DK).
I zl' I zl" -
ly =z'ls + '142
Do x2 +y' *0 ndn z + 0. Nhdn ci hai vii cira :
-Yot z -2 + Ji + iQJ6 - J42) suy ra
PT (4) vli z tadugc: zz -32-i+3=0 (5). PT
{- = !:' ,.: (khdng
' th6a mdn DK, lopi).
(5) c6 biQt thirc L:-3+4i=(2i+1)2 n6n c6 Lv=zJo -J+z
nghiQm: z=l-i.
z:2+i vir Vfly HPT c6 nghiQm (x;y) ld:
(,:') d1 + 2;2J6 + J n) vd (J7 -z;zJa - JDI
-ybi z =2+i suy ra i -: _ ; 3. MOt s6 na,i t{p v$n dgng .
u-r
Giii c6c hQ sau tr6n tfp hqp sO thgc
-Y6i z: 1-i suy ,u [* =' -t\'-x + I = x2 -zxy - y2
lv = -t' ^' {r:
1.
Viy HPT c6 hai nghiQm (ry) h: (2;1) vd (1;-1). fy' -3*'y +y -l = y' -zry- x'
Thi dq 3. Gidi HPT rAn fip s6 thvc =-l , t*^ -6r'Y' +,!o =JI
( r , [*,
-' -3xy,
l ..6rlt+'
-( l=2
\
(t) Iy'-3*'y=-.Ei lr', -r'=;
]| \ x+Y) (I)'
-/
r \ l**y!S=q
4.1 x"+Y'- .5.]la(,--9]=,
\ Y+5x)
|." \ x+v ) -
Nh$n x6t. hQ trong Thi du 3 c6 dpng gi6ng nhu
hQ trong Thi du 2 nhrmg tli.tlugc tinh ti6n l6n
voi hQ si5 knac kh6ng. Eti gi6i cluqc beng
i,.-s+iF-o [r(,.ft)=u
phucrng ph6p sri dgng si5 phric ta phii d[t An u. {to-*itrl * r' )= 6x + 8y.
phu d6 dua vA hQ dpng trong Thi du 2. [(3-Y)tx'*Y')=8x-6Y
II. TiNH TONG LITN QUAN DEN CT
""' I'>o'Y)o
Ldipi,fii.or,
[x+y * o nAxC SO PHTIC
1. Ki6n thrlc co bin
Ef;t a=Jli,b- Jly vbi a> 0,b>0. Thti vdo
'Khai tri6n nhi thric Newton:
hQ Q) ta duo. c:
- Vcri mgi -r e lR. vd vcri mqi n e N* ta c6:
lo, ?* ^=z l"n *{4-=zJ1 (3) (t + -r)' = c! +x'ci.
-rc| + x'c'n + -..+
) ld+Y ..J
- o,a ?\fi!:, -* +J6.i rqt
7d +3'o"
\o4-
I ld+Y
:* '- - 7d+3b' I
- Vdi mgi xelR vd v6i mgi nN*,n>2 ta
L- c6: n(l + x)"-' - cl +2xC?, +3xzC3, +... + ra'-t q.
Tt PT (3) vn PT (4) ta c6:
oJj +uill *n.J1_i-f?i :zJT ++Jo.i - V6i mgi x e IR vd vdi mgi n c N*,n 23, ta
c6: n(n - t)(l + x)"-' : l.2c2n + 2 3 xC) +
1s1.
'7a'+3b'
Df;t z=J1a+iJl.b th6 vio PT (5) ta ituqc ...+(n-l).nx"-zC|.
z+21-1=:2J1 +4J6.t
I zl'
-Yoi ne N. : C|+C|+ ...+Cn =2''
e r'-2(J1+2.iJ6)z+21=0 (6). Cl, + C?r, + ... + cli = C)r, + C), + ... + cli-l .
.Mfi sd finh chdt cfia sd phftc
PT (6) c6 biQt thtic A' =$$a{.[Q.i=1i^[+2+2)2
n6n c6 hai nghiQm ld z=Z+Ji +iQJ6 +J+Z) - Cho hai s6 phuc( z, = \+ yJ; 22 = xz +y2i .
l x. :12
vd z=-2+J1+iQJ6 -JD\ Tac6: z.-zê1
t z
|.Y' =Y'
- Yor z = 2+ J1 + i(zJa + J4D suy ra thtc Moa-vro: Cho s5 phrtc
- Cdng
rzT?[l#@
z= r(cosq+isin<p) ) 7n = r'(cosnrp*i sinnrp)'. ... + c?,|ii - c?,|ii = 2'N7 .
_ PT: I _1=0 c6 c6c nghiOm trn tfp s6 phric ld vd B=Clo,, -C'r,, +C0,, -CLrr+
r J5:-_ I J3.._.:-_,
z--i*i,.r=-;-;i vd z=1. C6c +c',|i:^-c33}! :-2'*'.
Thi rlq 2. Tinh t6ng
nghiQm nay chinh ld c6c c[n bflc 3 phirc cua dcvn t. C = C30,, +C10,, +Clo,, +...+ciiil.
-N6*r:-'-6r,rt,
2 2' Ldi gidi.X6t khai tri6n
. tr:1 1 J3. t+t2 =-l
(1+x)m1s =4. +4,, +f4o+...+x""Sll 1*1
a) -r*;i b) .
Thay x:1 vdo tl6ng thirc (*) ta ilugc
c) t3:1; E3k =l;t3't+r - t; E'r*':t2 vcri t 2201s -C!0,, +Clo,, +C|rrr+...+cliii (1)
ld s6 nguyOn ducrng. (*)
Thay x = -1 vio dAng thrlc ta dugc
- vi ao thi:
N,5u i ld dcrn
i4' =1, i4n+1 - i, io'*' = -1, io'*' : -i, vn e N* .
c30,, -clo,, + Clorr-Cio,, +...-c]ili = o
' Ddu hiQu sic dqtng s6 phftc iIA finh 6ng fiAn e$o +(0,, +...+Sii =Cr" +Q,, +...+Sl!121.
quan itiinCf; Theo thi dp 1 ta c6:
Ta su dung s6 phr?c tt6 tinh t6ng ci-r. c6c Cl c30,, -c30,, +clo,, -. .-c33ii:2'w (3)
khi tdng ndy c6 mQt trong nhirng d{c di6m sau: Tt (1), (2) vd (3) ta c6
- C6c d6u trong tdng xen kC cIu nhau . 2c=2(4,rs+4* +4o *...+4i1)= 2'w +f'4.
- Chi s6 trn t lu6n 16, hoflc lu6n ch8n.
2. MOt s6 thi aB YAy C -21w6 +22013.
Thi dU l. Tinh cac rdng sau: Thi d1r 3. Tinh t6ng:
A : Clo,, - C]0,, + C1o', - Clo,, + ... + Cii',ll- CiSii o :
*(ci.
\ ru -3(n
+3'Qo -...+3"q3 -3"q3)
:
B c'rorr- c10,, + c]0,, -C'rorr+...+ci3l; -c13i: 25u
'ru
Ldi girti. Xdt khai tri6n:

Ldi gidi. Xdt khai tri6n:
(1+r)'0" : C3or, *xClor, + x2C)orr+ = (-+.*') #[q -(')q +(iJ3)' c, +
...* x^t1c|.j,ll+ r^"C1/,12
... - (iJ3)o' cii + (iJ3)"ci3 ]
Cho .r = i ta c6:
(t+;)'0" : C!0,, +iclor. +i2c3o1s+ =#[.3. -(J3)'c?o +(Jlf ci, -
... + i2ot
o
c13il + ;'" c1fl |i ... - (J3)ou cff + (J3)o* ci3 - (J3f' c:3]
= (Clo,, - c3ou + clou - *
C2or, + ... + c?o1i- c?f ii I
(cloo -C0,, *Cr,, -Cû +...+qri:^-4ii y f tl .#[-ar"i. +(J3)'c;o -(J3)',cio +
... + (J3)o' cfl - (J3)* c13 ],.

M{t kh6c: (1 + i)4'5 =(A)'0"[*r{*;rir;)'"
,0lt" )" (
zn ' 2T)'
- (rE),0,,
2ol5n ) Mstkhsc: l,-1*
', 'r') =[cosT+I's'nTJ
\
[.o,
4-+ts,. 4 ) \.
/t; 6\ 100n
*r.sm100n 1 .J3
=-r-r.2.
:(Jr)'o"l Y-iY l- z''o' -ztoo, i Q). =cos , 3
2)
So s5nh phAn thlrc vd phin 6o ctra (1+ ph,i.
[-+. *,)"
i)201s So s6nh ph6n thsc crra sii
trong hai c6ch tinh tr6n ta dugc:
(Xem fiAp fiung 27 )
A =cln,, -cio,, +c10,, -clo,, +
t.,nrr,r-ror'
T?3I#S13

K* THr olymprc'roAN Hec eu6c 16 (lMo)
IAru TtrU 56 NAM 2oI5
NGUYEN KHAC MINH
(Cuc Khdo thi vit Kim dinh CLGD - BA GD&ET)
I. DOI NET TONG QUAN to6n dEdu-o. c chgn, dA xu6t vd bi6u quy6t chgn ra
IMO lAn tht 56 ndm 2015 (IMO 2015) tluqc t6 chfc mQt c[p bdi kh6 cho tl6 thi. Theo sg sip xtip phdn
tu ngdy 417 d,n ngiry 161712015, tai thdnh ph6 m6n trong Short List vd ki5t qu6 binh chgn cria HQi
Chiang Mai, Vuong qu6c Th6i Lan. Du thi IMO tl6ng c6c Trudng doirn, trong 6 bdi to6n cria D6 thi,
2015 cb 571 hqc sinh, trong d6 c6 52 hoc sinh nt, bAi 1 le bdi dE thu6c ph6n m6n t6 hqp, bei 2 ld bei
thu6c 104 qu6c gia vd ving l6nh th6 ft6n todn th6 trung binh thuQc ph6n m6n S5 hgc, bdi 3 te bdi kh6
gi6i. Dodn ViQt Nam g6m 6 hoc sinh: Nguydn Tudn thuQc phin m6n Hinh hoc, bdi 4 ld bdi d6 thuQc phdn
Hdi Ddng (hA lcrp 12, truong THPT chuy6n KHTN - m6n Hinh hgc, bdi 5 le bdi trung binh thuQc ph6n
DHKHTN - DHQG He NOi), Nguydn Thi l/iet Hd m6n Eai s6 vd bdi 6 le bAi kh6 thuQc phdn m6n TO
(nt, h/s l6p 12, trudng THPT chuyCn Hd finh, hqp. Du6i tl6y ld phucrng rln ti6ng ViQt cria OO ttri
Nguyn Th Hodn (h/s lcrp 12, huong THPT chuy6n rMo 2015:
KHTN - DHKHTN - DHQG Hd N6i), Nguydn Huy Ngdy thi thti'nhiit, 10/7/2015
Hodng (h/s lop 12, trulng PTNK - DHQG TP. H6 Bii 1. Ta n6i tdp 5 g6m hiru hpn di6m tr6n mit
Chi Minh), Hodng Anh Tdi (hh lop 12, trudng phAng ld tip cdn aiSi natv6i hai di6m phdn biCt I vd
THPT chuyCn Phan BQi Chdu, Tinh NghQ An) vd Vil B tny !, thuOc E tdn tpi di6m C thuQc S sao cho
Xudn Trung (h/s krp 11, trudng THPT chuy6n Th6i
Binh). Doin do TS. L Bd Khdnh Trinh, giirng vin AC = BC. Ta n6i 5 ld tfp v6 tdm n6u vcri ba tli6m
Khoa To6n-Tin, trudng DHKHTN - DHQG TP. H6 phAn bi6t A, B, C tuy f thuQc S, kh6ng t6n tai di6m
Chi Minh, ldm Tru&ng doirn vd PG.S. 7S. L Anh P thu6c S sao cho PA = PB = PC.
Vinh, gihng vi6n trucrng EH Gi6o duc - DHQG Hd a) Chtmg minh ring vcri mgi s6 nguy6n n> 3, t6n
N6i, ldm Ph6 trudng doan; ngu<ri vir5t bii ndy tham tai t6p cdn O5i g6m n di6m.
gia Dodn v6i tu c6ch Quan s6t vi6n A (Quan s6t vi6n b) Hay tim t6t c6 c6c s6 nguydn n > 3 sao cho t6n
di cr)ng Tru&ng dodn). Tham gia Dodn v6i tu cdch taitdp cdndOi vd vO tdm g6m n di6m.
Quan s6t vi6n C (Quan s5t vi6n di ctng hgc sinh) c6: Biri 2. Hdy tim tAt cit citc bQ sd nguy6n duang (a, b, c)
-
th6,y L Phi Hilng, gi6o vi6n trudng THPT chuydn sao cho m5i sO trong c6c s6 ab - c, bc - a, ca - b lit
Ha Tinh, Tinh Hd finh vd thdy DQu Hodng Hcrng, lffy thtra cria 2.
gi6o vi6n truong THPT chuyOn Phan B6i ChAu, Tinh (Lily.thiia cila 2 ld mAt sd nguyAn c6 dqng 2 , vbi n
NghO An. ld s6 nguyAn kh6ng dm).
f.6 rcrai m4c IMO 2015 dddugc t6 chic vdo h6i 9h00 Bii 3. Cho tam gi6c nhgn ABC vbi AB > AC. Ky
ngiry 9fD015, tgi Trung tam H$i nghi cua D4i hqc hiQu f ld duong trdn ngopi 1ii6p, H ld tryc t6m vd F
T6ng hqp Chiang Mai, duoi qr chri tga cua C6ng chua ld ch6n 4o*g cao h4 ttr A c:0iatam gi6c d6. Ggi Mlit
Thii Lan Mqha Chakri S irindhorn. trung diiSm cila BC. GSi Q ld di6m nim trn I sao
I.C Se mpc IMO 2OI5 dA, duqc t6 chtc vdo h6i
15h00 ngdy l5/7/2015, tai Nhd h6t Kad, Thenh ph6
cho frfo=9ff, vh goi K li tli6m nim tr6n f sao
Chiang Mai. cho fiEQ=9O". Gie sri ring c6c di6m A, B, C, Kvit
II. EE THI
Q tl6i mQt phdn biQt vd nim tr6n f theo thir r.u d6.
OC ttri cta IMO 2015 dugc xAy dpg theo nguy6n
Chimg minh ring c5c ducrng trdn ngogi ti6p cta c5c
tic vd phuong thirc nhu tqilMO 2014. Cr,r tne, ii cac tam gi6c KQH vd FKM ti6p xric v6i nhau.
bdi torin thu6c Danh s6ch c6c bdi to6n dugc dd xu6t
sri dpng ldm bdi todn thi (do Ban t6 chtc IMO x6y Ngdy thi thfi hai, I l/7/2015
drmg tr6n co sd c6c bdi to6n dA xu6t cira c6c nu6c Biri 4. Cho tam gi6c ABC nditii5p ducrng ftdn CI tam
tham dg IMO vd dugc ggi tit bing ti6ng Anh ld O. Dudng trdn ftdm A cht dopn thing BC tai cilc
Short List), H6i tt6ng cdc Tru&ng rtodn titln hdnh bAu
di6m D vd,E' sao cho B, D, E vd C d6i mQt phdn bi6t
chgn.cho m6i phan m6n Dai sO, T6 hqp, Hinh hqc
vd nim tr6n dudng thhng BC theo thir t.u cl6. Ggi F
vd 56 hgc I bei d6 vd 1 bdi trung binhJ ft d6, x6y
drmg c6c t6 hqp 4 bdi tobn d6m b6o m6i ph6n m6n vd G ld cbc giao di6m cria f vir 0, sao cho A, F, B, C
c6 1 bdi vir hong 4 bdi to6n d6 ph6i c6 2 bdi d mirc
vd G nim tr6n O theo thir t.u d6. Gqi 1( ld giao rtii5m
d9 d6, 2 bdi b mirc d0 trung binh, .Oi Ui6u quy6t
chgn mQt t6 hqp trong s6 d6; ti6p theo, cdn cri 4 bdi thf hai cira dudng trdn ngopi tii5p tam gi6c BDF vit
4 ' TORN HOC

L4 ' tf,,oita sti assra-zorsl

dopn th6ng AB. Gqi Z ld giao di6m thri hai cua Ill. KE'r'QUA
dudng tron ngopi ti6p tam gi6c CGE vd doan thing C6n ctlk6t quri ch6.m thi vd Quy ctr6 nAO 2015, H6i
CA. Gid sir cdc dulng thing FK vit GL phdn biet vd d6ng Qu6c t6 Aa Uitju quytit th6ng qua nguong di6m
cit rrha,, tai di6m ,{. Chung minh r[ng X nim trn cho cdc lopi Huy chucrng nhu sau:
duong thing lO. - Huy chucrng Vdng (HCV): Tir 26 d6n 42 di6m;
Bii 5. Goi ld tap hqp s6 thpc. Hdy tim t5t cri c6c - Huy chucrng Bac (HCB): Tir 19 d6n 25 cli6m;
IR.
- Huy chuong D6ng (HCD): Tt 14 d6n 18 di6m.
hdm s6/: R -+ IR th6a mdn phuong trinh: Theo d6, tai IMO 2015 c6 282 hgc sinh duoc trao
Huy chuong; gdm: 39 hgc"sinh duoc trao HCV,
/(-r + /(x + y)) + l'(rry) = x + f (x + y) + yf (x) trong d6 c6 t hgc sinh dat dim tuy6t d,6i 42142 (hqc
vdi mgi s6 th,Jc x viry. sinh Zhuo Qun (Alex) Song oia Dodn Canada); 100
Bni 6. Ddy s6 nguy6n ar,a2.,... thoa mdn c6c di6u hgc sinh dugc trao HCB vd 143 hqc sinh dugc trao
HCD. Ca 6 thi sinh cira Dodn Vi6t Nam d6u dugc
kiQn sau: trao Huy chucrng, g6m 2 em dugc trao HCV, 3 em
i) 1(a, <2015 v6imoi 7> 1; dugc trao HCB vd 1 em ilugc trao HCD. Kt qua chi
ti6t cira c5c hgc sinh Doirn Vi6t Nam nhu bing du6i'
11) k+ar*l+dt v6imgi 1< k < {.
V6i t6ng dii5m 151, Eodn Vigt Nam dimg thu 5
Chimg minh ring t6n tqi hai s6 nguy6n ducrng b v2r trong Bang t6ng s[p kh6ng chinh thuc cua IMO
.\ sao cho I I
l,l ,r,-f tl< tOOZz voi moi so nguy6n 2015, sau c6c Dohn: My (185 di6m), Trung Qu6c
(181 diiim), Hdn Qu6c (161 di6m) vd CHDCND
l; ", , I
Tri6u Ti6n (156 di6m).
mvanth6amdn n> m> N.
ili6m thi t iJ
stt Ho l ri TOn
Fit D1 8,1 Ei"I' 1r5 Bfi 'I olrg
a 31.r.-
Ngrrr'/ii 7'trtin Itdi Ditrr,q i) l-|,
')
Ngtrl'Q11Thi L'i! Hn l I5 D6ng
Vgrrrtjl l'lri H,trttt l iE 1"1n.*
-)
-+ I'l gut' 0 n 17 tt.t' ! { t t,) rt g + 2-3 tliic
i Hoirns ,!nh Tii I 0 !1itil
I ri )lrrirr Tr'truq
-1
1 6 0 tl 1;ir:rl
6
rn6uc roAn
HiQn nay viOc trinh bdy nQi dung c6c chuy6n mgc cita Tap chi TH&TT trong 32 trang tld
kh6ng dap tmg clugc nhu cAu dgc, viOt Ual ngdy cing cao ctra bpn dgc v0 c6c chuy6n tl6, c6c nQi
dung To5n. Vi vfly viQc tdng trang dd trd thdnh mQt nhu cdu c5p thi6t. T4p chi TH&TT dr,r ki6n:
tdng tu 32 trangruQt hiQn nay 16n 40 trangruOt bdt dAu tu thSng 10 n6m 2015 vbi gisctiAu chinh ld
12 500 ddng/is6.V6i 8 trang tdng ndy, nhi6u chuy6n mpc nha: Tim hiu sdu thAm Toan hpc phd
th6ng, Todn h4c vd ddi s6ng, Sai lim o ddu, Cdu lqc b0 Todn hqc,... sE clugc xuSt hiQn thudng
xuydn trOn T4p chi. nQi dung c6c chuy6n mgc sE dAy du vd phong phu hon.
Rf;t mong c6c Thiy gi6o, Co gi6o, citc em hgc sinh vd b4n clgc y6u toSn ung hQ tlqc, vii5t bdi
cho c6c chuyon mpc, d6 T4p chi ngdy cdng ph6t trii5n. Tpp chi trdn trqng c6m o[1!
TH&TT
TOftN FIOC * *
sd asg (a-zorsl -.-- :-1[[r1qjig,t fi 3
CAC LOP THPT
at Bii T61458. Giei he phucrng trinh:
p4
l**:,*:+J;yz=4
l- tli
,tt jJr. ,lty +Ji =+
r*/ I
lx
= min(x"l.z)
TRAN QUANG CHUNG
CAC LOP THCS (Slt Lop: DTYS[2- H7c viQn K! thudt QuAn sU)
Bii T1/458 (Lop 6). Tim c5c sti nguy6n ducrng

Bni T7l458. Cho hinh thoi ABCD c6 g6c
I l- I
_ :+- 6iD =120". Ggi Mld di6m thay ddi tr0n canh
va p .. :
y thoamdn: ldso nguy6n t6 BD; H vd K l6n luqt ld hinh chi6u vu6ng g6c
xyp -
x,
cltra M trdn c6c tludng thing AB, AD; N li trung
tl6 cho' dim doan HK. Chimg minh r5ng duong thSng
r- vAN T*^CH MNl:udndi qua mQt dii5m cO c1inh.
(f6 A, iip Gia Hda, xd Xudn Trudng, Xudn LQc, D6ng Nai)
NGUYEN QUANGNAM
Bii T2l458 (Lcrp 7). Cho tam gi6c nhon ABC (GV THPT Qu|Hw 2, Nsh An)
c6 tryc t?,m H. Gqi M ld trung ilim cira BC. Bii T8/458. Cho tam gi6c ABC. Tim gi6 ffi lcrn
Dudng thing qua I song song vdi MH vir nhAt vd gi6 tri nh6 nh6t cta bi6u thtc:
rludng thlng qua fl song song v6i MA cit rhau P = cos2 2A.cos2 2B.cosz 2C
tai N. Chimg minh ring: AH2
+ BC2 = MN2 . cos 4l.cos 4 B.cos4C
VO XUAN MINH
8
(GY THCS Nguydn Vdn Trdi, Cam Nghia, Cam Ranh,
Khdnh Hda) TRAN QUOC LUAT
(GV THPT chuyAn Hd TTnh)
Bni T3/458. Cho hai s6 a, b thoa mdn:
(ta
la" -a" +a-5=0
rlfx T6I OLYMPIC ToAN
{ .Tinha+b. BAi T9l458. Tim sd k nh6 nhat sao cho:
lor -zo2 +2b+4=o
S=a3 +b3 +c3 +knbc
LAI THI HOA
(GV THPT La Quit D6n, Thdi Binh)
-o !-' o' + c) + b2 1c + a) + c2(a + b)l < 0
6LI tb
Bii T4l458. Tt di6m M nim ngodi dudng trdn J
(O) ve cilc tip uydn MA, MB dn dudng trdn v6i moi a, b, c ld d0 ddi ba cpnh cria mQt tam
(O) (A, B ld cdc ti6p di6m). C ld di6m U6t t<y gi6c.
tr6n cung nhb AB cira (O). Cbc tia AC vd BC ldn HOANGNGQC TUAN
lugt cit MB vit MA tai D vd E. Chimg minh (K27E Todn, DHSP Hd n)i II, Xudn Hda, MA Linh,
J- Vinh Philc)
rdng duong trdn ngoai ti0p cira cbc tam gi6c
ACE, BCD, OCM ddngquy t4i mQt tti6m thri hai Bii T10/458. Cho ddy tla thtc (e,@))th6a min
l<hilc C. di6u kiQn: 4@)=2x, P2(x)=2(x2 +1) vd
NGUYEN KHANHNGI YEN P,(x) =2xP,-1(i -G -DP,a@), n e N, n ) 3 .
(Hdi Phdng)
Chrmg minh ring di6u kiQn cin vd dri dC da
Bii T5/458. Tim tit ch c6c bQ ba s6 nguy6n thric P,(x) chiah6t cho da thuc Qlx)=xz +l
duong (a, b, c)th6a mdn: (as + b)(a + bsl = 2". ld, n=4ft+2,ke N.
TRANXUANDANG NGIIYEN THANHNHAN
(GV THPT chuyn L Hing Phong, Nam Einh) (GV THPT chuyn Hilng Vuang, Binh Dtrong)
. . TOAN HOC
IO , cfuOita se ntt tt-roro

Bh; T'11/458" Cho hdm so suAt tuyQt d6i cira kh6ng khi bing 1, chi6t su6t
: I + 2n + 3n2 + ... + 20l6n2ots luy6t d6i cua nu6c bdng.n,.
J' @)
l) Tinh chi6t suAt tuyOt iloi cua chAt ldm thdu kinh.
vd (/0, \,...,t2q16), (,ss, s1,..., sroru) ld hai ho6n vi 2) DAt th6u kinh ngQp m6t nua trong nudc sao
cira (0,1,...,2016). Chtmg minh ring trong tap cho truc chinh vudng g6c v6i mdt phSng phdn
hqp A=\to.fQi; stf&);...; s21n6/Gzot)) ton tai c6ch nudc vd kh6ng khi.Tinh khoing c6ch gita
hai sd kh6c nhau c6 hi6u chia h6t cho 201'7. hai ti6u cli6m chinh'
THANH LA.,@d Noi)
NGUYENNGQC KHOA
(GV THPT chuyn L Khit, Qudng Ngdi) BAi L2l458. MQt qui cdu l6n d6n cliQn c6 b5n
Bei 'f t y458. Cho tam giirc ABC vd iliOm M kinh rR : 0,2 m dugc tich diQn dtin ,/: 1000V.
bAt kj,. Chung minh ring MQt qui cAu nho ddn iliQn c6.b6n kinh r: 0,lm
t*1*1, _
chua tich cliQn, c6 gbn tay c6m c6ch diQn. Cho
, : .i
' hai qud cau tip xuc v6i nhau r6i dua qua cAu
BC2 CA2 AB2 (MA+ MB + MC)2
nh6 ra xa vd cho n6 ph6ng dien ht di6n tich thu
NGUYEN VAN QUV dugc. Sau d6 lpi cho hai qu6 cdu ti6p xfc nhau.
( sv Ks6A1T1, DIIKHTN, DHQG Hd.NAi)
H6i cdn ldm nhu vAy bao nhi6u lAn Oe OiCn tne
Bii t,1/458. MQt th6u kinh m6ng hai mdt 16i c6
quri cAu 16n cdn lai bing V' :905 Y.
b6n kinh bing nhau. Khoing c6ch gita hai ti6u
VU THANH KHIET
di6m chinh khi dAt th6u kinh trong khong khi vd
ddt trong nu6c lAn luqt ld 2Ji vir 2f2. Cho chit {NXB Gido dqrc ViQt Nam)
PSOBISI+IO INIMS ISUU

T.'OR SECOh{DARY SCHOOL FOR HIGHSCHOOL
Problem Tl/458 (For 6'h grade). For a given Problem 'I'61458. Solve the following system
prime numberp, find positive integers x, y such of equations
_111 (r-
that
-*-=-.
xyp lx+y+z+lxyz=4
I
| *t; Z
I r-- r:- E- l!
FroLrlem T2i458 (For ?'t' grade). Given an 4,,12x
t2 +
'l3Y
+.,!32 =-? .
acute ffiangle ABC with the orthocenter H. Lel t-

M be the midpoint of BC. The line through I t'f7A58.
I
'"
x =min(x,y.z)
parallel to MHmeets the line throughllparallel Given a diamond ABCD with

Problem
to MAatN. Prove that AH2 + BC2 = MNZ .
6ID =1200. Let M vary on the side BD.
Problem T3l458. Suppose that
Assume that H and K are the orthogonal
lo'-o'+a- 5=o projections of M on the lines through AB and,
i .Finda+b.
It'-zo2 +2b+4=o lD respectively. Let N be the midpoint of HK.
Prove ihat the line through MN always passes
Froblern T41458. From a point M outside the
through a fixed point.
circle (O) draw to tangents MA, MB to (O) (A,
Problem T8/458. Given a triangle ABC. Find
B are points of tangency). C is an arbitrary the maximum value and the minimum value of
point on tlre minor arc AB of (O). The ruys AC
the expression
and BC intersect MB and MA at D and E
respectively. Prove that the circumcircles of the P = ccrs2 2A.cos2 2B.cos2 2C
triangles ACE, BCD, and OCM meet at another cos4l.cos4.B.cos4C
point which is different from C.
Problem T5/45&. Find atl triples of positive
{Xem tifu ffang 26}
integers (a. b, c)such that (as + b)(a +bs1 :2' .
T?31#?E
ts.*,r-rrro I7
100 .sri d6 ltt6n chon dtrg'c 3 s6 c(t t6ng khdng
lcrn hctn 999.
? Ldi gidi. Gi6 str n ld s6 tg nhi6n chia cho 17 du
GXKX 10, khi d6 n+0
vd n c6 dpng n -- l7k + l0
(vli k N ). Gqi 100 s6 dugc chsn ld l7k1 +
EKX 70, l7k2 + 10, 17k' + 10, ..., l7kroo + 10.
xY rRuoc Khdng mti.t tinh t6ng qu6t, ta gi6 su fu < k2 < k3
kroo 1117 (*). Thpt vQy, vi n6u kroo2l18 thi

khi d6 l7krco+10 > 17.1 18*10 : 2016 dieu
,,:
ndy trai voi gi6 thidt. Ti6p theo ta se chimg
Bii Tt/454. V(t'i n> 2, xet cac sd a7, a2,..., a,
vit cdc sti ngu.yAn fi phdn biQt p1, pt, ..., p,, thoa minh k, <2}.Thil vl1y, giir sil tr, > 21 khi d6
*.: I
ko 2 k, + l> 2l +l : 22, k, 2 ko +l> 22 +l = 23,
- dt(u Kten
mon
I
n 4-4J=P: 4-+1=...:P,, u,,-ut\.

Chirng minh ring ar : a: : ... : a, .
ku 2 k, +l> 23 +L = 24,-.- ...,kroo ) kr, +l
LN gidi.Ddt plar- azl: pzlaz- a3l: pla3- aal >-ln * 1 = 118, di6u ndy tr6i v6i (*). Vi
pnlan - al : k voi k ld s6 khdng 6m.
ktr ktz 4 < 20 = k, 3 k, -l 3 20 -I = 19; lr3kr-l
Tri d6 c6 n dhngthfc: a1 * ar: , az- ar: , < 19 - 1 = 18. V6i cbc k6t qu6 trn thi tdng ba
Pt Pz
s5 ntrO nh6ttrong 100 s6 dugc chgn sE ld
...;ln-l- An:
krn-l
--:-, Ar* Cl1 - tOng d6
'--n,
kt (17 k, +10) + (17 kr+ 1 0) + (17 k, + l0)
Pn-t Pn
=I7 (kt + k2 + kr) +30
m6i sO tt , t2 ,..., tn-t , t, ldy gi6 tri t ho{c -1.
< 17(18 +19+ 20) +30 :17 -57 +30 = 999.
COng tdt ch n ding thric tr6n dugc
D6y ld diAu phii chimg minh. D
o(tir....i'l:
Pz P,)
t,
o ,a, *t, *..-*tn : M
Pz
th\ YNhQn xil. tdt cir c6c bVn giri bdi d6u cho loi gi6i
\Pr h Pn dring. C6c b4n sau c6 loi giii t6t:
tt : Vinh Phtic: Tq Kim Thanh Hi6n,6A4, THCS Y6n
M - Pr L*...*1r:
Pz P, PzPz"'P,
O
, trong d6 tu L4c, Y6n L4c, Trin Minh Huy,6A, THCS Ly TU
Trong, Binh Xuy6n; Ngh An: Hodng Thi Bdo
s6 Q ld s6 nguy6n. Tn d6 (W\- tt) pzpz. p, - @t,
. Ngsc, 7C, Dinh Thi Qu)nh Chdu, Nguydn Einh
hay ld p{Mpzpz... pn - Q) : trprpz... p, . Ntiu Tudn, 7C, THCS Li- NhQt Quang, D6 Luong; Hii
M ld sd nguyOn thi trong dlng thric tr6n, v6 tr6i Phdng: Vil Thi, Didm Qu)nh, 7A2, THCS H6ng
Bdng, Qu4n H6ng Bdng; Vflng Tiu: Dodn Thi
chia h5t cho h nhmg vC phii kh6ng chia h6t
Khdnh Vy,9A9, THCS V6 Trudng Tohn, TP Vfrng
cho p1 vi pt , p2 ,..., p, ld c6c s6 nguyn t5 Tdu; Hi NQi: Dinh Hodng NhQt Minh,lA5, THCS
ph6n bi6t, do d6 M kh6ng ld s6 nguy6n, suy ra Cdu Gi6y, Phr[ Thg: Nguyn Chi C6ng,6.43, THCS
s6 U+ 0. Tn d6 trong tling thirc kM: 0 thi k LAm Thao' Ldm Thao'
:0, d6n d6n pllor- azl: pzlaz- orl: ...: p, NGUYEN xuAN BiNH
la*- arl: 0, suy rz a1: az:...: an .A

Bii T3/454 . Cht?ng minh rdng voi . moi n
nguyAn du'crng thi gia tri ciro biu thlrc
1f x6t day ti s6 bing
YNhQn xdl. Nhidu ban d5 chri
. a,-a, a.-a,
nhau ' '-' '-...-
a -a. _ ti
trongtl6"r'i-- i(r'+r)(/ -4) -tr,'4luonldmorsovorr' :
xr x2 xn Pi {t
v6i I bing 1,2,..., n ,nhmgchua din c16n k6t qu6. Ldi gidl (Cta ban Nguydn Dinh Tudn, 7C,
VIET HAI THCS Nhat Quang, DO Lucrng, NghQ An)
L)?
Bdi T21454. Chpn 100 sd tu' nhin khac nhau Ddt A=1la +4)(24 +4)...(na +4).
biit ki, mdi sij kh6ng lon hon 2015 vii mdi ,s6 A
diu chio cho 1'7 clu' 10. Chu'ng minh rdng trong Ta sE chimg minhf kh6ng ld s6 chinh phuong.
. ^ TORN
-Grudiu@
HOC
tU
A 5 ,, Bdi T41454. Cho tam giac ABC vd D ld m)t
Th4tvQy,vdin=1thi j= r"vot n>Ith\A diAm biit ki rAn canh BC (D khac B, D khac C).
ludn li s6 ch6n. Cdc dtrrlng trung.trtrc cua cdc dogn thiing BD,
Ta lai c6, v6i s6 nguy6n ducrng k,n()ukl6th\k4 CD theo th* ttr cdt AB, AC tqi M vit Il. Gqi H lit
hinh chiu vudng g(tc ctia D tuAn.du'dng thdng
+ 4 ld; ,6u k chin thi k = 2l vd MN; E, F theo thu'tqr lii trung di)m cua BD vd
ka + 4: 16P + 4 = 22(4P + 1) trong d6 4P + I
ludn ld sd le. Do cl6 s6 mfl cin2 trongph6n tich
CD. Chu'ng minh rdng fir = 6L.
Ldi gi,rti.
ra thua s6 nguy6n td cira c5c thria s6 trong ,4
ludn ld 0 ho[c 2. Vi vfy s5 mfl cua 2 trong ph6n
tichrathria s6 nguy6n t6 cira Alu}nld sti ch8n.
Suy ra so mt cua 2 trong phdn tich ra thira sO
^1,;
^.r.t6 cira A,
I luOn ld sd 16 vd kh6ng thd
nguy6n ld
sd chinh phu<rng, suy m dpcm. D

F Nhfln x6t.
l. Hdu h6t c6c bpn su dqng bi6n ddi: Xdt truong hqp MviLNthuQc cbc c4nh AB, AC.
at = ka + 4 = Qe + D'z - {P = (t? + 2 - 2kyP + 2 +
Cdn trudng hW M,Nnim trdn c6c tlucrng thlng
2k) = l(k t)' + llt(k + I )2 + ll dC c6
-
at =la+4=(02+l)122+l) AB, AC ta chimg minh tu<rng t.u. Gsi D1 ld tliiSm
az =2a +4=(12 + 1)(32+ 1) d6i xtmg ci.r- D qua H. Yl B, D, Dr nim tr6n
at = 3a + 4 = (/2 + 1)(42 + 1) duong trdn tAm M, bhn kinh I4B, nOn
""":"'
an - | = \n - - 2)' + ll[n2 + 1]
1)o + 4 = l@ EtwD =zEorD (1). Lai thdy D, c, Dtnimtrn
a,= = Un-.l )' * llt(r + 122 + ll.
n4 + 4
tluong trdn tAm N bin kinh NC nen
Tu d6 c6 a1.d2.c\...an = 2.12'+ I )'(3' + l)'...
[(ry- t)' + l]'(n'+ l)[(zr + l)2 + 1]. DNC =zDDp (2). Tu (1) vd (2) ta suy ra
D6n d6y, tl6 chimg minh gia hi.cua (1) luon ld s6 v6
ti, ta cdn chimg minh p = (:n'+ l)[(r + 1)' + 1] BD,C = BD,D+DD,C:
BMD+DNC
kh6ng chinh phuong. Sau d6y ld mQt vdi c6ch chimg
minh cria c6c bpn:
Cach l: (n2 + n+ I )2 < (n' + n + 2)2: l. _360' -2(190' -BAC)
Cdch 2: p = ln(n+ l)l' + 2nln + 1) + 2 chia 4 lu6n 2
=6k (3)
du2; Do E, F theo thf tU ld trung di6m cria DB vir
Cdch 3: P = (n' + n + l)2 + 1 ld s6 chinh phuong
en'+n+l=0,v6 li. DC nn EH, FH lAn luqt li c5c ducrng trung
2. Ngodi bqn !,{guydn Dinh Tuiin, c6c b4n t<h6c cffr.ig binh cua tam gi6c BDDtdDCDT. TiI d6 EH ll BDl
c6 1oi gi6i t6t ld: Yinh Phic: Nguyn Vdn Hiu,
Trdn D*c Duy, 8A4, THCS Y6n L4c, Y6n Lpc;
vir FH ll cDt. Lric cl6 ifrF =ffii
g>. Tir (3)
NghQAn: Trdn LA HiQp,8A, THCS LiNhflt Quang, vd (4) suy ra EHF = BAC (dpcm). D
D6 Lucrng, L Traong,Thdi Bdo, Nguyn Trpng YNhQn xdt. tdt c6 c6c loi gi6i gui 'rre tda so4n d6u
Bdng,8A2. THCS thi tr6n Qu6n Hdnh, Nghi Trung,
tltng th.eo hu6ng bi6n tl6i g6c. Nhirng b4n sau c6 ldi
Nghi LQc; Phr[ Thg: Nguyn Thdo Chi,3A3, THCS
gi6i ngdn ggn, c6 luu j, il6n c6c trudng hqp 1i6n quan
L6m Thao., Ldm Thao;_Hn NQi: Nguyn Vdn Cao, -A : , -.1
Vactng Tin Dgt, Nguydy Thanh Long..DQng Thanh
den vi tri cua c6c diem M, N trdn c6c dudng thSng
Tilng,9B, THCS Nguy6n Thuong Hien, Ung Hda; AB vi AC. Hd NQiz Nguydn Vdn Cao, ttuong ridi
Thanh H6a: Dfing Quang Anh,8A, THCS Nguy6n Eqt, Nguyn Thdnh Long, Ddng Thanh Tilng,9B,
Chich, D6ng Scrn; Bn Ria - Vflng Tim: Dodn Thi THCS_Nguy6n Thugng Hidn, I-lng Hoa; Vinh Phric:
Khdnh Vi,9A9, THCS VO Trudng To6n, TP. Vflng NguyAn Minh Hi6u,9D, Philng Vdn Nam,9E,THCS
Tdu; Kon Tum: ,LA Vit Lttt Thanh, 9A, THPT Vinh Y6n, Trdn Drbc Duy, Nguyn Vdn HiAu, Biti
chuydn Nguyen T6t Thdnh, Kon Tum;,Quing Binh: Thi L16u Duong,8A4, THCS YOn Lpc; Phf Thg:
Hodng NhQt Tuan, 9', THCS thi tran QuSn Hhu, Nguy,en Thdo Chi, Nguyn Hdi Daong, Trdn Thi Thu
Qudng Ninh' Huyn, Trdn Qu6c LQp,8A3, THCS LAm Thao; Hii
NcuYEN ANH etAN Duong: Ding Xudn Ludn, 98, THCS Hqp Ti6n,
T?!I#EE
ta nrr,r-roru, 19
Nam S6ch; Thanh IJ.bz: Dqng Quang Anh, 84, lftot=l u:5{[c=l <J{
-_
lc=l
THCS Nguy6n Chinh, D6ng Son, Trdn QuiSc -
Phorcrng, gA, THCS Thi h6n huyQn Thuonq Xudn;
l"f(ll=l la+b+c=l lb=-5 (doa=5)
NghQ An: Vd Phuong Tdm, 78, THCS H6 Xudn Khi d6 phuong trinh c6 dqng 5x2 - 5x * 1: 0,
Hucrng, Quj'nh !,uu, Nguyn Dinh Tudn,7C, Trdn srJ5
LA HiQp, Nguyn Thu Giang, Nguyn Vdn Mqnh,
phucrng trinh ndy c6 hai nghiQm ,,., ==10-
Nguydn Thi Nhw Qu)nh A, Nguydn lhi Nha QPnl d6u ducrng vd nh6 hon 1(th6a man dieu kiQn).
B, Trinh Thi Kim Chi, 8A, Hodng Trdn Duc, DO l/iet v\y a:5 ld gi5 tri nh6 nh6t cAn tim. D
711,8D, THCS Li Nhpt Quang, D6 Luong; Quf,ng
YNhQn xit.BiLi ndy kh6ng c6 nhi6u b4n tham gia.
Ngniz_Nguydn LA Hodng DuyAn,9A, THPT chuy6n
MQt s6 b4n su dgng c6ng thic nghiQm cira phucrng
Nguy6n Tat Thdnh; Bh Ria - Viing Tiru: Dodn Thi trinh bQc hai d6 suy luQn loai tru c5c kh6 ndng 1, a:
Khdnh Vy,9A9, THCS VO Truong ToAn, TP. Vflng 2,3,4 nn ltri gi6i bf ddi ddng. Tuy6n duong c6c ban
Tiu; Tffy Ninh: Drrozg Anh KieL THCS Ly TU
sau c6 loi gi6i t6t: Hii Duong: Edng Xudn Ludn,
Trong' Hda Thdnh' 98, THCS Hqp. Ti6n, Nam S5ch; Vinh Phtic:
Ho euANG ,INH Nguydn Minh HiAu,9?, THCS Wnh YOn, TP VInh
Bii T5/454. Cho phuong trinh ax2 bx + c -- 0* Y6n; Hlr NQi: Nguydn Thdnh Long, 98, THCS
{cac h s6 a, b, c nguyAn, a > O). Biilt rdng Nguy6n Thugng Hi6n, Ung Hda.
phtrong trinh cd hai nghiQm daong phdn bi/t bd PH4,M THI BACH NGQC
hon l. Tim gia tri nho nhAt ctia h s6 a. BiliT61454. Gidi hQ phaong trinh:
Ldi gi,fii. Gqi hai nghiQm cira phucrng trinh
lrE:T,=c-r
axz +bx+c =0 li xpxrY6i0a ,, ( x, 11. v-'E =J*-t (l).
1J
t_
Khi d6 f(x)=ax' + bx + c = a(x - x)(x - x).
[J,-"[=.[ -t
Doa> 0vi0 < x1<x, <1ndn Ldi girti. (Ciracla sd c6c bpn).
(o) : a(o - -r, )(o - xr) = a xrx, ) o EK: x)1, y>1, z>1,* > y, > z,f * > x.
"f
f {l): a(l- xr)(1--rr) > o. Binh phucrng hai v6 c6c PT cira hC (I), ta c6:
MAt kh5c, a, b, c ld c6c sii nguyOn n6nfO) : c,
( r-= z-2J2+l
l*''l
t_
Y
fll): a+b+c Id c6c s6 nguyn. 1y-J2:x-2G+l (ll).
Do d6fl0) Z 1, fll) > 1, suy ra fl0).11) Z 1 (1) t_
Ap dr,rng e6t ding thric Cauchy cho hai sd lz-Jx=y-2"ty+l
C0ng tring v(: cdc PT cua he GD vd rut gqn ta
/- rt-- \2 l
duong, ta c6 x,Q-xr)<l+
( 2 )4| =j, <lang thric <lugc: Ji+.,[ +J2=3 0).
Tri DK ta c6: .6>L "{y>tJZ>t. Suy ra
xity rakhi x, =l- xt o *, =i,. Jx+.[y+JZ>3 (2).
OC ding thr?c (1) xiry rathi d5u ding thric trong
1.
Tuong fi xr(l-*)<i, rldng thuc x6y ra khi BDT (2) xity ra e x-l,y:l,z=|. Cbc gi6ta
niy th6a man hQ G).VQV hQ Q c6 nghiQm duy
l^n2
n=); f9).f1l) =a2x,(l -x, )xr(l -rr\<16 Q\ nh6t (x; y; z): (1; 1; 1). tr
YNhQn xdt. C6 th6 ding phucrng ph6p d6nh gi6 d6
khi j AAn tOi x : ! : z. Biri tobn ndy kha d6 vd c6 nhiu
Eing thirc b (2) xhy ra xr=x2= {-U, bpn tham gia giiri, c6c ldi gi6i d6u dring. Xin n6u t6n
thuSn vdi di6u kiQn xt + x2). Tri (1) vd (2) suy c6c bpn c6 loi gi6i ng51 Bon vd chpt ch6 nhit:
2
Hn NQi: Vactng Tin Dqt, 98, THCS NguVCn
ra L>t=a>4 (do a > 0). Me a ld s6 Thuqng Hidn; Ung Hda Vil Duc Vdn, Trdn Bd
16 Kh6i, l0.Tl, THPT chuy6n EHSP Hd NQi. Nam
nguy6nn6na>5. Dinhz 1ng Titng Duong, Nlnh Qudc Cudng, ll
To6n l, THPT chuyCn LC H6ng Phong. BIc Ninh:
YOi a: 5 thi 1 < l(0)./(1 ).+to <2 , ma fl)), Nguydn Thi H6ng Chinh, llAl-Kl0, THPT YCn
Phong 2 - Bic Ninh. Th6i Nguy6n: Nguydn Triiu
fll)e Znn Minh, 11 To6n, THPT chuy6n Th6i Nguy6n. Vinh
^^ TORN HOC
20';{i.}i[a su.",*
Ph{rcz Nguyn.H{tu Huy,10Al To6n, T'HPT chuy6n YNhQn xel Birl to6n khdng kh6 n6n c6 nhi6.u ban
Vinh Phric. BIc Giang: Duong Thi Hqnh, 11 To6n, tham gia gi6i vd da s6 cho loi giSi tlung. Sir dUng tlinh
THPT chuy6n Bfc Giang. Pht[ Thg: Vd Tuiin D{ing, li Menelaus vd tlinh li Ceva cflng ld dinh huong kh6 t.u
10 To6n, THPT chuydn Htng Vucrng. Hung YGn: nhi6n, dugc nhiAu b4n lua chqn khi trinh bdy lcri gi6i.
Triu Ninh Ngdn,10A9, THPT Duong Quing.Hdm, Cfrng c6 th6 st dung <linh li Desargues <l6.gi6i bdi torin
Vbn Giang. Hii
Duong: NguyAn Anh Tudn, l0 tr6n. Xin nOu t6n mQt s6 b4n c6 loi gi6i ngdn go.n.
To5n, THPT chuy6n Nguy6n Trdi. Thanh H6a: \tnh Phric: od fan Quyi*,lOAl, THPT chuyen VTnh
Tnin Quiic Phaong, gA, THCS Thi Tr6n, Thudng Phric; Phr[ Thg; Nguydn D*c ThuQn, l0T, TI{PT
Xndn; Ddng Quang Anh,8A, THCS Nguy6n Chich, chuy6n Himg Vucrng, Phri Thq; Hn NQi: Phqm Ngpc
D6ng Scrn. NghQ An: Nguyn Huy Hitng Minh, Khdnh, l0 T2, Phsm Khdnh Hd, Yil D*c Vdn, Hodng
l0AlK43, THPT chuyCn Phan BOi Ch6u; Dqu Thi Anh Ouan. TIIPT Chuydn EHSP; Trdn ThiQn Nam,
Khdnh Linh, l0Tl, THPT Dd Luong I. Hh finh: rrerlftri'r Ung Hoi A, Ung Hoiq Vil Bd Sang,
Ng6 ViQt. Hodng, Nguydn Thl Linh, l0Tl; Nguydn 11T1, TltrT
chuy6n Nguy6n HuQ; Nam Dqldn': Phqm
Vdn Thi, 11T1, THPT chuyen Hd Tinh. Quing H6ng Tnrdng,10T2, TIIPT chuydn L H6ng Phong;
Ngiliz Nguydn Thi Hq Vi, L0 Toin 2, THPT chuy6n Hi Tinh: NguyAn Vdn Thd, Bili Huy1n Trang,llTl,
I,C firi6t. Phr[ YGn: Nguydn Hu)nh Huy Mdn, lO Phan Anh Tuiin, Chu Thuy Hing, Ng6 ViQt Hodng,
To6n 1, THPT chuy6n Luong Vin Chrinh, TP. Tuy 10T1, TI{PT Chuy6n Hd TIn}r; NghQ An: Cao Hibu
Hda. Cir Mau: Hodng C6ng Minh, 10 To6n 1, Dat,l0Al, TIIPT chuy6n Phan BQi Ch6u; Phrri YOn:
THPT chuy6n Phan Ngqc Hi6n. Ninh Thu$n: Ua Unn Hodng, Dfing Bdo Vinh,l0Tl, TIIPT chuy6n
Nguydn Thdnh Khdi, Trd,n LA Xudn Trilc,10 To6n, Luong van ch6nh'
THPT chuy6n LC Quli D6n. Binh Phudc: Bili C6ng NGU'EN THANH HoNG
Minh, AKll, THPT chuy6n Quang Trung. Bni T8/454. Cho cac s6 thac daong a, b, c.
TRAN HOU NAM Chung minh riing
&iliT71454. Cho P ld m\t dim ndm tuong mdt ( a \'(
r-l-r-l-l+l b \'( c \'
phdng chaa tam giac ABC. Gpi
Ar = BC oAP , Bt = AC etBP , Ct = AB a'CP,
Ia+b)'ln+c)'lc+a)'"
-l+J
Az = BC r^'BrC, B, = AC o'AtC, C, = AB r-,ArBr;
,-1(
- -2*i-.-:-).
2\a+b b+c c+a )
4 = BrC, AP, Bz = BP a AtCt, C3 = ArBr r'-:CP.
^ a-b V=-lb-c 1=-.c-a
Chang minh rdng hq di qua A2; AzCt di qua LfilSlgl.tJat r=---;l
o+b b+c c+a
Bz vd AzBt di qua C2. <l
Y\ a,b,c li c6c sd duong ndn -1 < x,y,z .
Ldi giili. (Theo da sd c6c b4n).

A Kht dO
b 7+v _=_,
a l+x _-=:l c l+z SUy fa
==_l
b l-x- c l-y' a 1-z'
1+-r 1+yl+z
_:__._:_.
. - ,I <, fl +x)(l+yXl+z)
1-x 1-y 1-z
=(1--r)(1 -y)(l-z) a x+y+z=-DZ (1).
a l+x
,a
- l-, -l+2
b x
a+b a- -1+x
l2 CO -------- =
Ap dung tinh ch6t hdng cli6m cliOu hoi vd chim -+l

b 1-x
cli6u hod ta c6 -+l c _1+z
b =-l+y.
(,4zArBQ : (A2A3Cfi 1)
:- 1 nn
lucrngt.u: ,,
D+(' zn 'c+a
2
A{AzAfiq : P(A2tuCfir) : - t hay eat ding thrlc ph6i chimg minh tuong duong
A(AzPBzCs) : P(A\ABrC:) : - 1.
vdi (luu v (1)):
Suy ra A(PAzBIC): P(A1A2fuQ). >l{z + * + t + r)
Do 116 ba dim Az, Bt, Cz thing hdng.
i(, * *r'+(1 +y)2 + (1 + z)'z + 3
)
Tuong t.u ta c6 Bz, Ct, fu thing hdng vd Cz, Az, e *'+y'+z'-3(x+y+z)>o

futhinghdng. tr e r'+y'+zz +3xyz>0 (2).
T?EI#EE
t, nur,r-roru, 2 I
Ap dpng b6t Aing thric Cauchy vd luu f ring ( t\z
ol3m-2n+11 ,# Ur.Taco 3m-2n eZ.
lurl..l,tac6 \ 3,/
r' + y' * r' > z1fif, >tlwzl2 4ryz. i)Norr 3m*2n> 0. Tt(l) suy *
Suy rab6t dingthftc (2).
t=fi. 'oty.
ii) N6tr -1rn-2n< 0 =+ 3m-2n<-I
Vfy b6t il[ng thric trong dAu bdi tluoc chimg
minh. 21
D6u ding thric tl4t tlugc khi vd chi khi :
--5m-).n+-<--
JJ
( .t\2
(
l-l<x.y.z<I
1 13 1 -_
tg=
llz) =13*-2n.+a
\ 3/ A4' n'volI'
I
1r =Y =' V0y trong midn tld cho khdng t6n tai

Ll,r2 dii5m
II
l{/('Y,) =lrYrl= -xYZ nguy0n ndo. E
YNhQn xdt. Cdc b4n tham gia giiri bdi to6n ndy tt6u
<)X= !:Z=0eA=b=C. A ldm tlung (tni mQt ban). Mdt sO tOi giai dring nhrmg
YNhQn xit. M6t sr5 bpn ila gi6 thii5t a<b<c . Di6u hoi ddi. Cbc bqn c6 ldi gi6i t6t bao gdm: Quing
il6 ld kh6ng dfng vi trong bdi to6n vai trd cin a, b, c Blnh: Hodng Thanh ViQt, 11 To6n, THPT chuy6n
kh6ng nhu nhau. Tuy nhi6n, n6u thr,rc hiQn ho6n vi V6 Nguy6n Gi6p; Binh Phufc: Bili Vdn Binh,llA,
vdng quanh theo thri tu a-+b-+c-+a thi bdi to6n THPT chuy6n Quang Trung, Phrri Thg: L Bdo Anh,
kh6ng thay tl6i. Do tl6 cO ttr6 gia thi6t a=ntu{a,b,c\. 10 To6n, THPT chuy6n Htng Vuong; Hn NQi:
M6t s6 ban tl{t Hodng Anh Qudn,10 To6n 1, THPT chuy6n DHSP
He N6i, Binh Thufln: Duong Dwc Tin, 10 To6n,
_a =_._
l+x b _l+y. c _l+z THPT chuydn TrAn Hmg Dpo; Thii Blnhz Trdn
a+b- 2'b+c- 2'c+"- 2'
K6t qud vd ldi giAi cflng nhu tr6n. Quang Minh, l0Al, THPT D6ng Thuy Anh, Th6i
C5c bpn sau d6y c6 bdi gi6i t6t: Long An: Pham
ThuY'
Ddng Khoa, Ddng Thdnh Trung, 10T2, THPT D,TNGHUNG THANG
chuyCn Long An; Phri Thg: LA Bdo Anh, l0 Todn, Bii T10/454. Cho phuong trinh 2014' + nx :
THPT chuy6n Hr)ng Vuong. 2013.Chtrng to rdng v6'i mei s6 n nguyAn daong
NGUYEN ANH DT]NG phu'ong trinh tAn c6 dung rnQt nghim x,, tim
Bdi T91454. Trong mqt phdng toa d6 cho lim x,.
Loi gi,fii. Edt f,(x) : 2014. t nx vd x e lR. Ta
du'ong thiing d cd phrrong trinh y=*r**.
t-1 c6:2014*, xe IR. vd nx,xelR ld c6c hdm lin
Gqi ar vd az ld hai dudng thdng (phdn biQt) t.uc, d6ng bi6n. Suy ra f,(x) ld hdm sO li6n tr;c,
song song vd cach d1u drdng thdng d m6t
.t
khoang banS
,. Hdi min mdt phdng chaa ddng bien. chf )t f,(0):Lf,ff)rrW=nr,.
du'Vng thdng d vbi bin ld a1 vit a2 c6 chaa Do tl6 theo dinh l;f Bolzano - Cauchy phucrng
dim nguyn ndo kh6ng? (Dim nguyn ld diem tinh f,(x) : 2013 c6 duy nh6t m6t nghiQm
co furunh do va tung dq diu lo so nguyin).
2013
Loi gi,rti. (Theo bqn LA Duy Dilng, 10 To6n, thuc x, vir 0<x <nr3. M6t kh6c li* =0.
'n-n*n
THPT chuyOn Nguy6n Trdi, Hfli Duong). Gi6 Boi vqy theo dinh ly kep 0
= 0.
sir trong mi6n d6 cho c6 cli6m nguy6n M (m, n) ,ll**,
(m,neZ). Theo gin thi6t YNhQn xA. Dey ld bdi to6n gi6i tich co bdn, kh6ng
kh6. Hoan nghdnh cbcb1n hgc sinh l6p 10 sau d5
lg ll tham gia gi6i vd c6 loi gi6i dtng: Vinh Phrfc: Dd
Vdn QuyOt, 1041, THPT chuy6n Vinh Phric; Hi
. t2 ,:, _t2 NQi: Trdn Bd KhAi,l0Tl, THPT chuy6n DHSP; Hii
Duon_g: Nguydn Anh Tudn, l0T, .THPT chuy6n
Nguy6n TrEi; Hurig YGn: Duong Hing Son,l0A9,
*l'*-r,.11=# THPT Ducrng Quang Hdm, Vin Giang; Nam Dinh:
Trinh Tutin Giang, 10T2, THPT chuyCn L6 H6ng
Phong; Thfi Binh: Trdn Quang Minh,l0AT,THPT
î,. TORN HOC

- qudiga
ZZ s6 4s8 (8-2o1s)

D6ng Thpy Axh, Th6i Thpy; NghQ An Nguydn Trinh Tuiin Giang, 10T2, )ng Timg Ducrng,. Ninh
Hing Quiic Khdnh,l0A1, THPT chuy6n Phan BOi ChAu; Qu6c Cactng, l1Tl, THPT chuy6n LO H6ng Phong;
Hi Tinh: Ng6 ViQt Hodng,l0Tl, THPT chuy6n Hd NghQ An: Trdn Quang Huy, l0Al, THPT chuy6n
finh; Phri Yin: D(ng Bdo Vinh, 10T1, THPT DH Vinh, .Nguyn. Citnh Hodng, Cao H[bu Dat,
chuyCn Lucrng Vdn Ch6nh; Binh Thufln: Ducrng NguyAn H6ng Qu6c Khanh, l0Al, THPT chuy6n
Eac Tin,10T, THPT chuy6n TrAn Hrmg Dao; Long Phan BQi ChAu; Phri Thy LA Bdo Anh,l0T, THPT
chuy6n Hirng Vuong; Phri YOn: Nguyn ChI Luong,
An: Phqm Quiic Thdng, 10T1, THPT chuy6n Long
10T1, THPT chuy6n Luong Vdn Ch6nh; Quing
An.
Binh: Hodng Thanh ViQt, l0T, THPT chuy6n V6
NGUYON MINH DLIC
Nguy6n Gi5p; Th{i Nguy6n: Trdn _Quang Minh,
Bii Tl1/454. Tim ttit cd cac hdm t6 hen u, 10A1, THPT D6ng Thuy Anh, Nguyn TriAu Minh,
.l':1R+R thoamdn 11T, THPT chuy6n Th6lNguy6n; Thanh H6a: V{i
Duy Mqnh, l0T, Nguyn Tin_Tdi 11T,. THPT
(r + y)./(x +y1 = vf (x) + yJ 0) +2xy (1) V;r, ye R.
chuy6n Lam Scrn, Vinh Phric: D6 Vdn QUXAL l0Al,
Ldi gi,rti. (Theo cla s6 c6c bpn) Thay y:x vdo (1) ta THPT chuyOn VTnh Phric;YOn B6i: Vii H6ng Qudn,
duqcLxfl2r,)-bfl*)+2j, Yx e R ef2x) -2r: 1 1T, THPf chuydn Nguy6n T6t Thdnh.
flx) - x, Yx e IR. hayg(2x) = g(x), Vx e R. (2) NGUYEN VAN MAU

trong d6 g(x)= f(x)-x. Tt (2), bing quy npp Bidi T121454. Cho tam giac ABC. Dim M di
toSn hgc ta dE dang suy ra d6ng ffAn dosn BC. (1,), (1:) theo tha try lir
/-\ / \ d""f8 trdn nQi tip tam giac ABM, ACM, Tip
{2x)=g\x)=s[+
" "\tt l= "\)^ l], Vxe R.n e N
..=sl: (3)
tuyn chung XY khac BC cita (1,), (1r) cdt AM
\ / \- / tqi.l{ (Xe(11)); Ie (I)). Z, T theo tha try ld tip
Su dpng tinh liOn tgc cira hdm S(r) (do /("x) dim cua AM vd (Ir), (Iz)..K ld giao dim cila
1i6n tqrc tr6n IR ), ta thu dugc XT vd ,YZ. lhtlrng minh rdng NK lu6n di qua
-. (x\ m\t dim c6 dinh.
.q(x) lim gl
= fl+s .*
')" l= g(0), Vx e IR. VAyg(.r) = 6
\ I
\u / Ldi gi,rtL Truoc h6t ta cin c6 mQt UO Ae.
hay f(x)= x+c. g6 OO. N6u -4f, NQ theo thti t.u ld ti6p tuy6n
Thu lai ta thdy hdm s6 f G)=-r+c th6a man chung ngodi vd ti6p tuy0n chung trong cira c6c
:
-.:. Kr9n Dal ra rmg vol mol nang I ducrng trdn (O1), (O2) (M,N e(Or);P,Qe(O))
dleu so c . L,
YNhqn xil. DAty li dpng to6n vC phuong trinh hdm thi MN L PQ vd MN, PQ, OtOz d6ng quy
d4ng Cauchy trong lop hdm 1i6n tuc thuQc d4ng quen (h.1).
thuQc n6n c6 nhi6u ban gi6i dugc. Da s6 c6c b4n gi6i
theo c6ch trinh bdy 6 tr6n, mQt s6 kh6c d[t 6n s6 phu
d6 dua vC giii phucrng trinh hdm Cauchy turmg img.
Chcbqn sau ddy c6 ldi gi6i dirng.
Bic Ninh: L Huy Crdng, llT, THPT chuy6n,
Nghim Chi,llAlKl0, TIIPT Y6n Phong 2; Binh
Einh: Trdn Vdn ThiAn,l0T, THPT chuyn LC Qu:i
D6n; Binh Phufc: Biri Vdn Binh, Biti C6ng Minh,
AKl1, THPT chuy6n Quang Trung; Binh Thu$n:
Duong Dwc Tin, T6 Qu6c Hung, 10T, THPT chuydn
Trdn Hrmg Dao; Hd NQi: Hodng LA NhQt Tilng, Hinh I
11T2, THPT chuy6n KHTN, Vq Bd Sang, llTl, Phdp chimg minh uo ae trdn r6t quen thuQc,
THPT chuy6n Nguydn Hu6, Trdn Bd KhOi,_10T1, kh6ng trinh bdy 6 d0y.
THPT chuydn DHSP; Hii Ducrng: Nguyn Anh Gsi (4 ld ducrng trdn nQi ti6p LABC; P, R theo
Tudn, l0T, THPT chuy6n Nguy6n Trdi; Hi_finh:
Ngd ViQt Hilng, Nguyn Drbc, Thdng, NguyAn Anh thir tu ld ti6p di6m cira (1,) vd BM, BA; Q, S
Triu, 10T1, Nguyn Vdn Th llTl, THPT chuyn theo thri t.u ld titip ditim cira (1) vd CM, CA; D,
Hd Tinh; Uung Y0n: Nguydn Manh HiAp, Duong E theo thf t.u ld tiOp di6m ctra (1) ve CB, CA; F,
H6ng Son, TriQu Ninh Ngdn, 1049, THPT Ducrng
Z theo thi t.u ld giao di6m cira XZ, NK vd W
Qu6ng Hdm; Kh6nh Hda: Nguyn Kim Hodng,
Al2, THPT Nguy6n Trdi; Long An: Phetm Qu6c (h.2). Dc thby (WFL)=-l.
Thdng,l0Tl, THPT chuy6n Long An, Nguyn Gidp Theo bd d6 tren, YFX=90"=TFZ.
Phuctng Duy,11A1, THPT H4u Nghia; Nam Dinh:
T?II#EE
".,
nur,r-roru, 23
Nguydn Vdn Thd, Vd Duy Khanh, 11T1, THPT
KCt hqp voi FYX=TYN=NIY=FTZ, suy ra uye, Ha Tinh, TP He finh; Quing Binh: H6 Anh
cilctamgr6c YFX, TFZ d6ngdvng. "t
TiA;,llT, THPT chuyn Vo Nguy6n Gi6p, TP D6ng
FX FY LY H6i; Binh Dinhz Trdn Vdn Thi6n, l0T, THPT
vay -i=;=i(t). chuyCn L6 Quf E6n, TP Quy Nh<m; Binh Phudc:
A Bili Vdn Binh,l1A, THPT chuy6n QuangTrung, TP
D6ng Xodi; Long An: Phqm Qu6c Thiing, l0Tl,
THPT chuy6n Long ,A1; Ua NQi: Z Duy Anh,
l0Al, THPT.Nguy6n Tat Thenh, Ta Khdnh Hd, Vfi
Vdn Dfic, Trdn Ba Kh6i,l0Tl, THPT chuy6n DHSP
HANOi
NGUYEN MINH HA
Biili Lll454. Ddt din ap. xoay chiiu u : Uo
coscol ([./e vd a kh6ng d6i) vdo hai ddu dogn
mach n6i fip g6m diQn trd R, tu dien c6 diQn
dung C, cuQn cam thudn c6 dQ ry cdm L thay
BC PM D Q d6i daqc. Khi L : Lr vd L : Lz din ap hiu
Hinh 2 dLmg 6 hai diu cuQn cdm c6 cilng gia tri; do
lQch pha c{ra din dp o hai ddu dogn mgch so
O6 thay cilc tam gi6c I1XZ, NI-l tl6ng dpng vbi cadng dQ ddng din tdn lqOt ld <p1 vd. ez.
ctng huong (2).
Khi L - Ls di(n ap giita hai ddu cu6n c.dm dat
Tt (1) ve (2) suy ra tam.gi6c I$F, NYL ddng cqrc dqi; d0 lch pha cila diQn dp hai ddu doan
d4ng cring hudng. Theo b6 dO tr6n, F tbt|c IJz.
mgch so voi cadng dQ dQng din ld rp. Tim rp
Vpy, chri y ring NI L IrX, ta c6 theo rql vd 92. Ap dung bdng sd.' <pr :0,52 rad,
I rF) = (NY, I tX) = q2 : 1,05 rad.
(N L, I J ) = (N L, [@odn). Ldi gi,rti. Theo bdi ra ta c6:
Do d6 NL L IJz. fiSt hqp vli YQ L lrl, stty 777-7oc
LL,
ra NLI IYQ Q). Mat kh6c ranq, :--:h-- (1) rongz = Q)
2AN - NZ + AT - NT = AR - NX +AS -NY
= AZ R2 +Z'2, a
zrn_zc ._R
=AB-RB+AC-SC-W
= AB + AC - PB -QC' f9: AB + AC - BC =ZAE.
tanq--? =---zcn = (3)
4-
Do d6
AN =AS - AE= ES = CE _ CS
_
1122.
::-a:-- --( - (A\
NY =NT = AT
2,, 2,, R, +2,,
= CD -CQ :DQ. Ydy ND I IYQ @).
Tri c6p phuong trinh tr6n ta thu tlugc phuong
Tt (3) vd (a) suy ra ND = NL. trinh An tang:
Di6u d6 c6 nghia ld dudng thing,n/Kdi qua mQt fo
di6m c6 ttinh (di6m D.A t r,pl* dtang, +tan<pr)+2tant(1 -tanq, tanez)
YNhAnxdt. -(tanqr +tangr)]= 0 (5)
1) Kli6 nhiu bpn tham gia gi6i bdi to6n ndy vi gi6i
tlung. Ngodi c6ch gi6i tr6n mQt vdi ban cdn gi6i bdng Giii phuong trinh (5) vn 6y nghiQm tanrp>0
c5ch sri dgng cpc vd d6i cuc. ta c6:
2) Xir n6u t6n tdt cL cdc ban: Y0n R.{i: Vil H6ng . N6u hn(q, +rpr) > 0 thi:
Qudn, llT, THPT chuy6n Nguy6n Tat Thenh, TP (D. +(D^ (D, +o,
Ydn B6i; Phri Thg: Nguyn Duc ThuQn,l0T, THPT tanQ-tan-L1Y=q=tT
chuy6n Hing Vucrng, TP ViCt Tri; Vinh Phic, Hd
Hibu Linh,l0Al, THPT chuy6.n Vinh Phric, TP Vinh . Nt5u tan(q1+qr) < 0 thi:
Phirc; Hrrng YEn: Duong H6ng Son,10A9, THPT (D. +o^ o, +o.
Duong Quing Hdm, Vdn Giang; Thanh IJoirz Vii tanq--tanl*=tD--"
").r2 =''.
Duy Mqnh, Nguyn Dinh Luong,10T, THPT chuy6n
Lam Scrn, TP Thanh Ho6; Hi Tinhz Ng6 WQt Thay sd ta dugc: <p = 0,785rad. D
Hodng, l0Tl, Biti Huy4n Trang, Chu Thuy Hdng, YNhQn xdt. C6c ban c6 ldi gidi dring: NghQ An:
,. . TOAN HOC
24';{i.biEE re,",*
nO Thanh Titng,IZCL, THPT Kim Li6n, Nam Ddn;
tl [A,:3"*
{1m pinh: L!, [rr=Ar.cosrp, =0
Phqm Ngpc Nam, Nguydn Nam ---.,
Khdnh,12 L)t, THPT chuy@n L6 H6ng Phong. -, 1 n
lv, = -<rr,A, sin g, = 3gn = -,
NGUYEN XUAN QUANG [9'
BitiL2l454. Ba con ldc ld xo 1,2,3 dao dQng
-'; hod quanh vi tri cdn bdng trn ba truc ndm
diu
) xr=3cos(10nr-
|l<c*l
ngang song song vdi, nhau niim trong cilng m6t
+ X6t con l6c lo xo thir (2) : xr=Arcxx;(qr+tp,)
mdt phiing vd con ldc ld xo thilr 2 cach diu hai
ld xo cdn lqi, vi tr[ cdn bdng cila vQt co citng Lirc r: 0:
bq dA, tuuc toq d6 citng chiiu daong. Biiit fu =
2kz : 0,5k2: 100 l{/m, khiii luqng cdc vQt ndng
Ix, =Ar.cos<p, -1,5 IA" =1,5"
mdc vdo ld xo co khiSi luqng ldn taqt m1:2mu \"i =-ir4sir,p, : o = le, : o
: 0,5m3: 1009. O thoi didm ban diu truyin ) xz = 1,5.cos(10nt) (cm)
cho vdt m1 vdn tdc v : 30n cm/s theo chiiu
+ Trong qu6 trinh dao <tQng c|bavgtn{ng nim
daong, cdn daa vdt m2 lch khdi vi tri cdn bing
mqt doqn nhd c6 toq d0 1,5 cm ,ii tha nhe vd
k{ch thich con liic thilr 3 dao d6ng. Trong qua
tr6n m6t dulng thlng : ,=#=4=4-q
trinh dao dQng ca ba vdt ndng niim tuAn m6t
dadng thiing. Tinh vdn t6c ban di.u cila vdt x^ =3$cos(lonr+*)(cm)
4"
nQng m3.
.". L
lan so goc:
LOt gtar. -). :) y3 = -30J7nsin( t}nt +!)(cm/s).
4'
,,' = Ê:.P t:0 : 0
\*, 1o'1 = ron radls; Lt;rc : vo, -30n cm/s.
W= .l=*
a. = 12 tso- lOn radls YNhQn xdt : Chi c6 btin bqn tl6 hodn thdnh tro.n vgn
' \*, Yo,05 = ; dC bai ndy: Nam Dinh: Nyuyen Nam Khdnh,l2
Phqm Ngpc Nam, ll Li, THPT chuydn LC H6ng
Li,
,,=.8=.@:lorc
' \*, 1 0,1 radls Phong; Thii Binh: Ng6 Vdn Khoa, llA2, THPT
B6c Edng Quan, D6ng Hrmg; Hi Tinh: Trin Bdo
+ X6t con lic lo xo thri (l): xr=Acos(qr+g,) Trung,l lTl, THPT chuyOn He finh.
Lirc l:
0: DINH THAI QUTNH
a
LsI sl6l cro tsren rrerr ?
Gp n;fl
--aYriff$ (f:vrHrcN_,.: _ _^:Y"eN*'wurQ
(GV THCS Nguyn Trdi, Nghi Xudn, Hd TTnh)
Bii to6n. Gidi bdt phaong trinh: V6imoi xeD thi ,lT;-T >0 nn
Q-e)JiA -^ " (*) e #<o <> 9<x<2015.
OOi cnitiu voi tQp x6c dfnh ta ttugc nghi6m cria
Ldigi,ni.q#<o (*) bdt phucrng trinh da cho ld : 9 < x <2015 .
rdp x6c<Iinh : D : x* zots}. Theo cdc bqn thi ldi gidi ftAn dd tlilng chua?
{-, +<
ranurr--ru, T?EI#S25
PROBLEMS ...$iap theo trans 17) Prove that P,(x) is divisible by Q@)=x2 +l
ifand only if n =4k+2,fr e N .
TOWARDS MATHBMATTCAL
OLYMPIAD Prcltllem Ttr t145t*" Consider the function
.f (n) =l+ 2n +3r? +... + 2ol6rflts .
Frohlem T9/458. Find the smallest k such that
S=a3 +b3 +c3 +kabc.
Let Qs, ty,..., t2u6) and (ss, q,..., s2016) be two
o
permutations of (Q1,...,201Q. Prove that there
- !-' o' + c\ + b2 1c + a) + 1o +rll
6LI @ "2
<o exist two different numbers in the following set
for all triples (a, b, c) which are the lenglhs of A={sofQ); EfQ);..., szotJQm)} such that their
the sides of a triangle. difference is divisible by 2017.
Problern TI0/458. Given a sequence of Frelrtrern T121d5ti. Given a triangle ABC and
polynomials (AOl) satisfuing the following an arbitrary point M. Prove that
conditions Pt(x)=?-x, P2(x)=2(x2 +1), and

1*1*1, _
BCz CA2 AB2 (MA+ MB + MC)2'
Pn(r)=2xPn-1@)*(* *\P,*2@), rz e N,zr ) 3.
HU'ONC nAl,t ClAt. ..Qiep theo trang {:':
qua clring 2 di}m cua S. Ta chimg minh tiiip bdi

...di qua tlring 2 ili6m
to6n bing quy n?p theo n> 3.
cria S. Gi6 su L
ld tQ1p
hqp c6c tlucrng thing
' n:3ld hi6n nhi6n.
. Gi6 su t<6t tuan dringvdi n-l ta chimg minh
di qua it nh5t 2 di6m
k6t lufln cria bdi to6n ding voi n.
cira S. Vi tZ ld c6c tflp
Ap dung k6t qui trdn v6i t4p S ta c6 t6n tpi m6t
hqp hiru han suy ra ta c6 di6m A e S vd rlucrng
ducrng thing di qua dfng hai di6m, ggi hai di6m
thdng / e L sao cho khoing c5ch tu A ddn I lir
tl6 ld A,B. Ta x6r tap S'=s\{A} khi d6 c6 2
nh6 nh6t (eet). Gqi B ld chAn tludng cao h4
xiy ra:
trucrng hqp
tu ,4 d6n cluong th5ng /, dirim B chia ducrng
TH1: T6t cd cic cli6m cria S' (S' gdm n-l
thing I thdnh 2 nua cludng thing vd ta chimg :
, :. -.; cung ndm trdn
di6m) ^
mdt duong thbng /. Ta
minh o mdi phia oia B chi tdn t4i nhi6u nhit
mdt dii5m cria S. Gi6 sri ph6n chimg c6 mQt nira
nh$n tlugc Qp n ducrng thSng ph6n biQt
ducrng thing c6 chfla 2 <lii5m cria S,lit Cy C2 {ex:x e s'}u{t}.
(Ct *C). THZ: Tdt ci cdc di6m cria S' kh6ng thuQc cirng
Ta c6 O<laC,l .lrCrl vit LACTC, ld tu ho{c mQt ducrng thing. Khi d6 theo gi6 thitit quy nap
c6 it nh5t n - 1 tlulng thing ndi c6c cliilm ctra
vu6ng (khi q:B) suy t" fr!, ld lorr nh6t.
S'. Vi ilulng thing l=AB phdnbiQt vdi n-1
ta ct: lQQl <laql m d6 khoing c5ch tu C, <ltin
ctudng thdng tr6n (lnS'={r}). Yoi n=2015,
AC, nh6 hcrn khoing cach ldsl(m6u thu6n v6i ta dugc di6u phii chimg minh.
gi6 thiiit khodng ciich ru A dcn / ld nh6 nhdt). NGUYEN VU LUONG PHAM VAN HUNG
-
Suy ra / di qua nhidu nh6t 2 dilmcria S
= / di (GV THPT chuyn KHTN - EHQG Hd N|i) Gi6i thiQu
lA -cfudiU@
^ - TOaN HQC

UNc DUNG So rntlc...1nOp theo trang 13) 2015 x(l + x)2014 - {}ror, + 2x2 Clor, +
...trong hai c6ch tinh tr6n ta duqc: ... + 2ot5 x2o'5c]f i! 1* *;
D= -3c3, +32clo - Thay .x = 1 vdo (**) ta tlugc:
+(c3, 2015.2n14 = Clo,, +2Clo.,r+... + 20t5clil! (1)
... -3" cX +z'o c!!- 3" q3 = -+
) 1J3
Thayx =t=-;-;i vho (x*) ta dugc :
Thi d1t 4. Tinh ti5ng:

E = C')n,r*Cln,, +Clo,, +...+c][,, +...+C;31:.
2015e(1 +e)mra = eQors +N 4o +... +2411en's Sll
= e(clo,s + 4clrr, + ... + zot+clili)
Ldi gidi.Xdt khai triiin:
+l(,, +f&u+...+x""Sl! +e' 1zc?ror, + 5Clo,, +... + z0t5clil!)
(1+-x)m1s =4,,, 1*;
Thay x = 1 vdo <l6ng thric (*) ta tlugc +3C]0,, + 6Clor, + ... +z}l3C)iii Q)
2201s - C!0,, +Clo,, +C\orr+...+cli]i (1) Thay -r = e2 vio (**) ta tlugc:
Thay x=e =
I
-;-;l
.6. vdo <l6ng thric (x) ta dugc
2}l5t2 (I+ E')'o'o = s'C]rrr, +Zeoclor, +
... + 2Ol5e2'2015 c201s
(1 + e)201s = C90,, + e Clo,, + e' C?^rr+... + e'ot'Cl!|l : e(2Clorr+ 5Clo,, +... + ZOt5Cli]! )
= C90,, +aClo,, +e'Clorr+Clo,, +eClo,, +e'1cfo,, + 4Clor, +7C1ror, + ...+z}t+Cl!lri)
+e'Ct rr, +... + e'c]$ii + 3C)rrr+ 6C!0,, + ... + Z}tZCilil, (3)
=(4r,, +Cr,, +....S1];+e(ct,, +4* *...*s,1i1 CQng vi5 theo v6 cria c6c ding thfc (1), (2), (3)
ta dugc:
+e' Tclrrr+ Clo,, +... + cl3ii I tzl
(*) ms.lf'o + e(1 + e)mla + * (r + * )^'o =
]
etr -4,, ).
Thay x = 12 viro ding thric ta dugc:
11 + e' )r" = 4r,, + * C],r, + C)ll, Mlt kh6c: e + I = -,,2 , l+ e' =-s . Din
eo C^r, + ... + e''^" di5n
(1+e)2ora =az , (l+Ez)2014 * e. v0y

=(Qoo +Q,, +...+S13)*r'(Cr,, +$,, +...+Slly
+e(Clo,, + Clo,, +... + C]!il ; 2015.22014 +4033
F_
CQng vii theo v6 (1), (2) vn (3) ta dusc:
3. Bii t$p v$n dgng
3E =22015 +(1+e)2015 +11+e2;20'5 Tinh c6c t6ng sau:
l
z
-12015 ,} z
-12015
-121t5 +[ -lr-2')
-L -lr-T') *[1*,.| _ J3 -
-L
=2ro,r +1.
1.S, = c|ors-3c1or5 +5c1or5 -Tclorr+
...-}orsc"'o
vAy E=t., 12015 1
2. S, = 2Clrou - 4Clou+ 6Clo,, - 8C]0,, +
Thi d1t 5. Tinh dng: -2ot6c13il.

3. S, : Cf;o+4c3oo+7c640+1oc?o-
>_L
F= Cln,, +3cl0,s +6C:0,5 +...+3ftc][,. + 40'"' +40c13.
...+t5cfrs +zor:c;iii 4. So = lClo,, -32C)orr+5'Ctorr-J'C'rorr+

Ldi girti. X6t khai tri6n: ...-zus'? c:iJ::.
(1+.r)mt5 =Co,, +;r$ r,*f$*+...+.tr"S]! 1*1 5. S, = 2'clorr-4'clorr+62ctols-8'clo,, +
Dpo him hai v ta dugc:
...+2u4'zcllii.
Nl5dt+ x)nla = $o +Lr(^r, +... +Nl1f"$li (*)
6. Su = Cfo,, +Clo,, +Clo,, +...+Ciiilr.
Nhdn hai v6 cria tling thtc (*) v6i x ta duqc:
rrr,r-roru, '?[il,H8! 27
"a
rs }lTEU
sAU
T}IG
TO.A,N lrOC PltO^r^ THONG
Ond dA LTE (Lifting The Exponent) c6 riit nhtiu v :

o(x' * !") v p(xn - (-y)' ) = vp (x - (-))) = v p(x +
y).
4r0 ilmc dung trong cdc bdi todn s6 h7c han quan s6 a6 rrn r
dn sd m'ii, nhiit ld cdc phuong trinh Diophant bdc Cho x,y ld hai s6 nguy6n vdnld s6 nguy6n duong,p
cao. 86 di nay sd giup dta cdc bdi todn sd hqc lin ld s6 nguy6n t6 16 sao chopl(x-)) vd p I x,p I y.
quan ddn s6 mii cao vi bdi todn cd sd mil thilp hon
.!. Khi d6: v r,(x" - y") = v t (x - y) + vp(n).
ma viQc giai quy1t n6 d ddng hon. Trudc khi di vdo
cdc bd di, t6i xin gioi thiQu dlnh nghla vo(x) vd m1t Chfng minh. Ta chimg minh bing qui n4p theo
vo(n). Trubc ti6n ta chimg minh:
vdi tinh chlit co bdn cia n6:
1. Dlnh nghia. Cho si5 nguy6n x vd p ld rn6t s6 vo(xP -!P)=vp(x -y)+L That vfly
nguy6n t6 b6t ki, ta dinh nghia vn(x) ld s6 mi cao xp - Jp - (x - y)(xt-l + xp-2J + xp-3y2 +... + yp-t ).
nh6t cira p li: nriu x I 0 thi
md chia h6t x, tuc
=vo(xp -!p)
vr(x)=zre N n6u p"lx vd pn*'lx.N6ux:0thi = v p(x - y) + v p(xo-t + xn-z y * fl-3y2 +... + ye-r ).
v, (0) = +"o. Do d6, ta chi cAn chimg minh
2. Chc tinh chit. Tt dinh nghia vo(x), ta dE ddng v
r(xt-r + xp'zy * an-ty2 +... + ye-t ) = 1
chimg minh dugc tinh ch6t I sau ddy: hay pl(xn-l +xt-zy+xp-3y2 +...+yp-t) va
Tinh chit 1. Cho x,yld hai si5 nguy6n vdp ld s6 p2 I (xp-t y al-zy * xn-l !, + ... + yo-r 1.
nguy6n t6. Khi do. ta co: Vi x = y (modp) n6n ta c6:

i) v,,(x!) = v,, (x) + v,, ()). (xo-t +xr-2y+yo*3yz +...*ye-t) : pyt-r :0(modp).
ii1 v"(r + y) > min {r'rrxl. u, ryr'}. D[t y= x+kp,keZ .Ylimqisi5nguyCn
-lt: t e 11; p) ta c6: vt-r-trt = p-r-t (1 a llp)t
iii) u1,(x+)):min{v,,(r).v, (yt} neu urtx)+ u.(y).
Tinh ch6t 2. Cho x, y ld hai s6 nguyn vd z ld s6 = x p-t- t + t(kilG, -, 1 * t(t : l) rkp), tx,-, t + ...)
nguy6n duo11g, p ld s6 nguy6n t6 sao cho (n, p): I lx,
yP-t-t (at + t(kp)xta) - xp*t + tkpxt-2 (mod p2).
vd pl(;r-y), pl x,pl y. Khid6, vr(x" -)")=v,,(x*)). =
Chtfrng minh. Ta c6: Do tl6: (xn-t + rt-2y i vn-zyz 4...1yr-t)
xn _ y, = (x _ y)(x,-t + xn_2y I yn_3y2 +...+y,_r). Ta = xp-t + (xr-l 1 kpxr-z) + (xr-t q 216pp-2) +
chi cdn chimg minh pl(x*tqvnayaan-3y| +...+y'-') ... t (xn-r + (p - l)kpxn-2)

sE suyra vo(x" -!')=vp(x-y). = pxp-t +(l+2+ ...+ p -l)kpxo-z
Thfltvpy, tac6: p l(x-y) = r=y (modp)
= nyp-t +p\p-l\ .kD.xp-2 = nan-t *P-l .koz.xp-2
) an_t + Xr_2y a yn-3y2 +...+yr_l
: :pxo-t /0(modp2).
= Xn-r + Xn-2X + X,-3X2 +..,+ Xn-t nxn-t ,= 0(mOdp)
Tinh ch6t 3: Cho x, y lit 2 s6 nguy6n vd n ld s6 Tr& l4i bdi to6n, gih stt n = p^ .q , trong d6
nguy6n duong 16, p ld sd nguy6n tr5 sao cho (n, p) : 1 vir (p,q):1, m,qeN
pl(x +y), p I x, p I y . Khi d6, vo(x' +y')=vp(x+y). Tac6: vi xo -yoix-y+ xo -yoip, Y keZ*
Chring minh: Theo tinh ch6t 2 ta c6: do d6, theo tinh ch6t 2hc6:
zsT?til#@
v
o(xo - !n) = v pl@p^ )n' (yp- 1ol= v
r1xo" - yo' 1 =rz(x2 -yz1+vr(2^-r)
l =vz(x*y)+vz@+y)+m-L Suy ra dpcm.

(yn^-' yo)=
rlyt^-' - yt*'
y
= v pler^-' ), - )+
s6 o6 r,rs s
= ... = v p(x - y) + m = v o@ - l) + v
r(n). Cho x, y ld hai s6 nguyOn 14 vd n ld s6 nguydn duong
s6 od Lrr z chin. Khi d,6: vr(x" + y') = 1.
Cho ;r, y ld hai s6 nguy6n vd n ld s6 nguy6n duong 16, p Chrfrng minh. Ap dUng bO dC LTE 4,tac6:
hs6nguy6nt6lesaocho p I (x + y) vd p t x,p t y. vr(x' - !' ) -- vz(x
- - 1. Vi x, y 16
y) + vr(x + y) + vr(n)
Khi d6: vo(x' +|')=vr(x+))+vr(n). n6n v, (x - y) ) l,vr(x + y) > l,vr(n) 2 I
= vr(r -1*)2L
Chrfrng minh. Ap dpng b6 OA LfS 1, ta c6: Md vr(2t'):1 (doY 16) n6n vr(x' *!n)
v
o(x' * !') = v p(xn - (-y)' )
=vz(x' -y' +2y'):vz(2y')= 1 (theo tinh ch6t 1).
= v p(x - (-y)) + v o(n) = v o(x + t) + v o(n).
MQt sii thi dg rfrng dgng
s6 a6 rrn :
Cho ir ld s6 nguy6n ducrng vd x, y ldhai s5 nguydn le Thi ttq l. Chilmg minh ring: 32" -1 chia h& cho
sao cho 4 | (.r - "v). Khi d6: 2n+2 vd kh6ng chia ht cho 2n+3 v6'i mpi si5 nguy\n
vr(x' - !n)= vr(x - y) + vr(n). daong n.
Chfng minh. Gi6 str rz = 2'.q , trong d6 (2, q) : l, Ldi gidi. Theo b6 dC LTE 4 ta c6:
vr(32' - 1) = vz(3 - l) + vz(3 + 1) + vr(2' - I=n+2
qeZ*, n eN.Tac6: )
tu tl6 ta c6 dpcm.
xr^ _yr^ ix_y= x2. _y2^:2.
Thi dy 2. Cho a, b la hai s6 nguyn, p ld sd nguyAn
Do d6, theo tinh chdt2
t6. Chilrtg minh ,dng, ,u a = b (mod p) thi
!') = v2l@2- ), '(y'' )r)= ur(*'^ - y2- ).
vr(x' -
aP" = bP'(modp'*r), Vn eZ* .
raco:x'-y'=\x' +y' \x' +y" )r .h-l .n-l .. .h-2 .--2 \

Ldi gihi. Ta thdy nC:u o, b chia h6t cho p thi
...(x2 +yz)(x+yXx-y). qp", Sp' chia h6t cho pt^,YneZ*, do d6 chia hiit
Vi .r=y:+1(mod4) cho p'*r ,YneZ*
+ x2k = y2* : 1 (mod4),Vk eZ'. (do p, :[t+p-t1]' > l+ n(p-1) > r + 1).
Do d6,x'r + y'o = 2 (mod 4), V k eZ* .
Vi vfy aP' = bP" = 0 (modp,*t),Yn e V,* .
Ylx,y 16vd 4l(x-y) n6n x+y:2(mod4). Ta x6t a, b th6ng chia h6t cho p. Ta chia hai trunng
Suy ra: x" -!'^ =2^(x-y).A, trong d6 I ld s6 hqp sau:
- THI: p :2 thl a, b 16 (do a, b khdng chia hi5t cho
nguy6n 16
= vr(x' - J') = vr(xz^ - y2' ) p) n6n vr(a- b)>l,vr(a+ b)> 1 , theo UO Oc I.fE +
= v2(x - y) + m = vz(x - y) + vz(n).
s6 ac Lrn + ta c6:
Cho x, y ld hai si5 nguyCn lt vd n ld s6 nguy6n duong v r(a2' - 6z^ ) = vz(a - b) + vr(a + b) + vr(Z' ) - I>n+ l.
chin. Khi d6'. vr(x" - y" ) = v. (x - y) + v, (x + y) + r; (n) - 1. Dod6, u2 -b2i2"*t,YneZt hay
Chf'ng minh. Gi6 sir n=2^.q, trong d6 az, = b2" (mod 2,'r ), y n e Z+ .
(2, q) : l, q,m eZ* . Ta c6: vi x, y ld 2 s6 nguyOn 16 TH2:p ld nguyn t(5 16 thi theo br5 aA ttB t ta
- st5
n6n x2' -y2^ :,2. Do d6, theo tinh ch6t 2: c6: v o(at' - bp' ) = v r(a - b) + v o(p")> n +1.
vr(xo - !') : )r)= vr(x'^ - y'" ).

vzl@2' )c - (y2' Do d6, aP' =bP' (modp'*r), YneZ*.
Yix,y ld hai s5 nguy6n l6n}n x2:1 (mod4), Th{ dy 3. Tim s6 nguyn dacrng n nhd nhtit thda
)2:1(mod4)= x' -y2 =0(mod4).
mdn:22otsl 17' - l.
Ap durrg UO AC I-fS 3,ta c6: LN gidi.Gii sri n ld si5 nguy6n duong sao cho 220151
vr(x2^ -rz^)=url7')'' ' -()')''']

17" - l.Vi 4l(17-1) n6ntheo UO AA I.fS 3 ta c6:
vr(77 ^ - l^ ) = v2(17 - l) + vr(n) = 4 + vr(n).
T?8I#?E
aa nur,r-roru, 29
Suyra: 4 + v, ( n)> 2Ol5 * vr(n) >2011 > n> 22011.
=x: I = ro(t+t)=0,v6 livi ply +I.
Hcrn nta cfrng theo $ Ad I,fB 3 ta c6: V6y b0 ba c6c s6 (x; y; p) ca,, tim h (1; 1; 2), (2; 2; 3),
vz(172"' * l) = vzQT - l) + vr(2zott ) (0; 0;p), trong d6p ld s6 nguyn tO tuy 1;.
= 4 +2}ll=2015. Thi d4r 6. Cho a, b ld Z sA n*u fi phan bit sao cho
Do d6, 22ot5 l(l7z'?on -1). Vfly si5 nguy6n duong un * l)" e Z,Yn eZ- . Chlrng minh rdng: a, b cfing ld
nh6 nh6t th6a min bdi to6n ld 22ott. s6 nguyOn.
Thi d1t 4. (Ireland 1996) Cho sd nguy1n fi p vd a, n Ldi gi,rti. : -b thi ta c6: 2a=meZ yit
N6u a
la hai s6 ngryAn dwmg. Chung minh rdng: neu 2a3 eZ. Do d6, ,* =+eZ=m2+aeZ vit
2t, +3t, = a,, thi n: l.
Ldi gi,fii beZ. Xet a * + b. Gi6 su o=L.b=fl.
ZZ
trong d6
- Ni5up : 2 thi a' =13 > a: 13 vd n=l .
x,y eZ,z,z' eZ' ,(x,z) = (y,z') = 1. Ta c6:
- Ni5up : 5 thi a' =275 =52J1= a:275, n=1. ,xy-
- N6u p 15 thivi 5 | (2 + 3) vd 512,513 n6n theo 0-2---1e [,
zz
u6aerrs 2ac6: x-
vr(2t + 3p ) = vs(z + 3) + v, (p) = 1.
+ z,(a_b)=,, (+_+)=, --yeL
Z
Suy ra: a, =2P +3p =5,m, voll, meZ* , (5, m): l.

= r' .LeZ .Yi (x,z)=l nn zl z' .
Do d6: a'i5 - ai5 vdn : I (do 5 ln s6 nguy6n t6). z
Thi dqt 5. (Czech Slovakia 1996) Tim tdt ca c6c b6 Tucrng g: z'lz. Do d6, z'=2. Yqy o=*,6=l ,
ba (x;y; p) gim hai s6 nguyOn kh6ng am x, .y va si
zz
trong d6 (x,z) = (y,z) =1, x + +y (do a I f $.
ngttyAn tri p thoa mdn'. p'- )/' = 1.
Ta s chimg minh: z: l.
Ldi gi,fii. DC th6y n6u x : 0 thi y : 0 vi nguoc lai, Th4t vfly, gi6 sri ph6n chimg ld z > 1. Theo gi6 thi6t
y : 0 thi x : 0. Ta xdt x, y > 0.
ta c6: z' I x' - y",Yn eZ*
' Ni5up : 2 thi ta co 2' = y2 +l> y le n6n theo b6
.
GSi p ld m$t udc nguy6n tO cria z thi

dC LTE 5 ta c6: x = vz(2') = vz(!2 + 1) = 1 3 ) = 1. pnlz"lxn-y,,YneZ*, n6i ri6ng vcri I
'N6up thi p' =yP +1.
16 thip I (r-y). Suy ra: n1 vo(xn - y.),Yn eZ,.
Theo tlinh li Fermat nh6 ta c6: Vi (x,z) =(y,z)=1 n6n p I x,p I y .Tax6t 2 trudng
p, =yp +1=y+1(modp) > ply+l .
hqp:
HiiSn nhi6n y vit I d6u kh6ng chia h6t cho p, n6n ' TH1:p = 2. Khi d6, 2l x,Zly > a y ld hai si5
theo b6 aO I-fB 2hc6: nguy6n le. Theo UO Ae I.fB 4 h c6:
v p(ye
r(f)= ve(y + 1)+ l.
+ 1) = vr(y + t) + v
2^ 1 vr(x2^ - y2- ) = vr(x - y) + vr(x + y) + v2(2^ ) - 1
Vi yr al= p'*vp(ye + 1)=x+vr(l+1) =x-7. = vz@ - y) + vr(x + y) + m - l, Ym eZ*.
Ta c6; +2^ - m Svr(x - y)+ vr(x + y) -1, Ym eZ*.
p, =yp 11 =(y+1)(yo-t -yr'2 +...+y2 -y+1) Di,iu ndy v6 li vi 2^ - m =(l+l)^ - m
(-
]y+t=p,-,2 m(rL- l)
DotI6- , Cr* _ *- _ m,y m > l,m ez-
[)'-' -lP +.-.+y2 -y+l =p z
Ni5uy: 1 thi p' =2 (loqivip 16). ndn h1y(2' - m) =+oo, md x f + y nn
Ntiuy: 2 thl p'-t =3 > p:3, x:2 (th6a m6n). v, (x - y) + vr(x + y) - t ld hiru han.
NiSuy> 2 thi ta c6: p = yr-r - yo-z +...+ y2 -y +l . TH2:p h s6 nguyOn t6 le thi theo b6 dd ttg t ta
= yr-2 (t -t)+ yo-+ (r - t)+ c6: p^ 3vr(x{ -yp^)=voG-l)+vo(p^)
...+y(y- 1)+ 1 >y *l - p,'r =vo(x-!)+m,YmeZr
,.., TORN HOC

JU ' ctgdirta sd asstg-2olo

vir ur(*-y) DiAu ndy v6 li vi vir v.r(x+y)
DiAu ndy vd li vi:
):I_@^ -m):+co )1*(p^ -m):+co
li f y).YAy z: 1 vir ta c6 dpcm.
hiru han (do x ld hiru hpn (do x * -y). Y dy z : I vd ta c6 dpcm.
Thi tly 7, Cho u, b lit ) ti thLrt phtin hiit .ttto (:ho > Ch[ f. TOn t4i hai si5 v6 ti a, b sao cho
eZ,Y eZr . Chimg minh riing'" u, h r:iing ld qn +bn eZ,YneZ* .
ott - hn n
\6 t?gLt.t'An. Thpt vQy, a=I-A,b=1+J1 thi ta c6 a, b lit
vbi
Liri gidi. Ta co hai si5 v6 ti. DAt q, +bn =$-A)' +1t+JZ)'=S,.
<
la-b=kez.k+o _ 11
la-b=keQ
_ m
Ta c6: a,6 ld 2 nghiQm cia phuong trinh:
Ita-Ulta+b\=a2 -b2 =meZ la+b =T.O x2 -2x-l=0.

Tir d6, d6 ddng th6y ring: Sn*z-2Sn*t-S, =0. va
t a .faeZ
- lo.tY. A, dung thi du o ta co < . do S, = 2,Sr=$eZ ndn d6 dang blng quy n?p ta
[b.Q lbeL
chimg minh dugc ring S, eZ,Y n eZ* .
Thi tlrl 8. (ho tr. b l,r ),ri hitr tr sao cho

tt" +l't' e i,.'lrt eZ' . (lttitt.q ninlt ning: tt. h t'ing ld Thi tlu 9. Tim ttit cd cdc' si ngut'en clu'ong x sao cho'.
s6 ngut'in.
2' -l lit si chinh phwong.
Ldi gi,fii. Gi6 sri: 2'-l:y2,JeZ*. Y\ x ld s6
Loi gidi. N6u a -- -b thi ta c6: 2a2 =meZ vd
nguy6n ducrng n6n 2' -l lds5 le, suy ray li s6 16.
2aa eZ. Do d6, Zoo =\' eZ= m:2> a2 eZ, N6n theo UO aC I.fB 5 ta c6:
2
mdaeQn6n aeZ,suyrubeZ. x = vz(2') =vr(!2 + 1) = l.
Xdt a + -b. Gi6 su o:L.t =4, trong d6 Cu6i ctng xin ddnh cho b4n dqc mOt sii bal t6p ren
zz luyQn sau d6y:
x,y eZ,z,z' eZ* ,(x,z)=(y,z') = 1. Ta c6:
1. Cho m ld Tim c6c
mCt s6 nguyCn duong. s6
o+u=L+1eZ=z'1a+bt
Z Z'
nguy6nduongr, y,nsao cho: (x2 +y2)^ =(xy)'.
/\ 2. Tim t6t ch cdcs5 nguy6n duong x, y, z sao cho:
__,{x,yl_-,x x
I - -'I,-, .-+
z '
\'1,): .-eL.
z X2o09 +y2oo9 -72 .
Vi (;r,z) =l ndn zlz' . 3. (Olympic 30 - 4 - 2012, LCIp l0) Chimg minh

ring v6i mqi s6 nguyOn t6 p, kh6ng t6n t4i hai s6
Tucrng fi'. z'lz. Do do, z':2. Y?y
'rJ *o=L,6=l
z z
.
nguy6n duongx,y sao cho: 2p +3p = xr*1 .
trong d6 (x,z) = (y,z) =1, r + -y (do a * -b). 4. Tim titcicics5nguy6nduong a,b>l saocho
Ta sE chimg minh: z: 1. b'lab -1.
Thflt vpy, gi6 sir phin chimg 1d z > 1. Theo gi6 thii5t 5. (IMO 1990) Tim tilt cb cdc s6 nguyn ducrng n
ta c6: z' I x' + yn ,Yn eZ* . sao cho n2 l2n +1.
GSi p ld mQt u6c nguyOn tO cria z thi 6. (IMO 2000) C6 tdn t4i hay kh6ng mQt s6 nguy6n
p'I zn | (x' +y"),YneZ* , n6i ri6ng vdi n : I thi duongn sao cho n c6 dring 2000 u6c nguyCn tdvdn
p l(x + y). Suy ra: n 1v p(x" + y'),Yn eZ*. chia h6t 2' +l?
Vi (x,z) =(y,z)=1 n6n p I x,p I y .Tax6t2 tru&ng 7. Tim thtchchc sd nguy6n duong n sao cho
hqp:
nl2'-t +1.
' THl: P : 2.Khi d6, 2l x,2tY *a Y ldhai s5 8. Tim t6t ci c6c sti nguydn kh6ng 6m x, y, z thba
nguyOn 16. Theo UO ae ffB 5 hc6:
mdn: 2' +3Y = 22.
2- 4vz(x2^ +y2^)=1, YmeZ* .Diundyv6 li. 9. Gi6i phuong trinh nghiQm nguyCn ducrng:
(n-1)!+l=n^-
'TH2: p ld s6 nguy6n t6 le thi theo b6 dC ttB Z ta
c6 p^ 3vr(x{ +yo')=voQ+l)+vo(p*) 10. (Bulgaria 1997) Cho n ld s6 nguyCn duong sao
cho 3' -2' ldlfly thria cira mQt sii nguyn t6. Chrmg
=vo(x+!)+m,YmeZ' minh ring n li mQt s6 nguy6n t6.
T?8I#EE
"e
nur,r-roro 3 I
xaAr nnx rU uon
Ilprhi I0All H0(rirUdl mi Iira so?n : 1878,
sd
ild
458 (8.2015)
Giens U6, Ha iloi
BT Bi6n la[: 04.35121007
lllsthenrslic und Youfh ilugurine 0I - Fax Phlil hann, It

sU: 04.35121606
Emaili l0anh0clu0ilteuielnam@gmall.c0m
BAN CO VAN KHOA HOC cHru rnAcru Nufitt xuir aAN

GS. TSKH.ucurEN cAmr roAN Chir tich HOi ddng Thanh vin
NXBGi6o dUc VietNam
GS. T sKH. rnAN vAN NurrNc
vacvAunr6r.r
rs.NcuyENvANvoNc
Tdng Gi6m ddc kiem Tdng bi6n t6p
cs.ooaNqtrixH NXB Gi6o duc Vit Nam
PGS.7S. TRANVANT{AO cs.rs. WvANmxc
not oONc ptdtt rAp

Tdng bian fip : TS.rnAN rfUU Nanr Thu kiTda soan : ThS. ffd QUANC VfNff
rs. rnAN oiNn cHAu, ras. NcuvEN ANH DLTNG, rs. rnAN Nau nUNc, rs. NcuyEN MINH Duc, rs. NcuyeN urNH
HA, 7s. Ncuve-N vIEr uAI, pcs. rs. re qudc HAN, rrs. pHAM vAN HING, pcs. rs. vU ruaus rHdr,
GS.TSKH. NcurEN vAN iraAu, 6ng NGUYEN rgic rrantr, rs. PHAM THr BACH NGoc, pcs. rs. NcureN oANc pnAr,
PGS S. TA DUY PHLUNG, Z,S. NCUYEN rTS rrreCu, GS.TSKH. oANc HiINc rrrANc, PGs. 7s. prraN ooAN THoAI,
rns.v(t rrrr,r uruy, pcs. rs. vO DUoNG THUy, GS.TSKH.Nc6 vrnr TRUNG.
TRONG SO NAY
oa"n cho Trung hgc Nguydn Khiic Minh - Kji thi Olympic ToAn
@ Co sd
hoc Qudc tdGVIO) ldn thrl 56 ndm 2015.
For Lower Secondary School
Nguydn Phudc - Khai th6c Bii to6n di tim @ Dd ra ki niy

kho b6u. Problems in This Issue
Ura.r, d6n giii Dd thi tuydn sinh vio l6p 10 T 71 458, ..., Ttzt 458, Lil 458, L2l 458.
@
Trudng THPT chuy6n KHTN, DH Qu6'c Gia
@ ciai bei ki trrtdc
Ha NOi, ndm hoc 2075 - 2016. Solutions to Preuious Problems
@ OA,fri tuydn sinh vdo l6p 10 Tludng THPT @ Sai ldrn 6 dAu?
chuy6n DHSP He NOi, ndm hgc 2015 - 20t6.
Nguy6n Hfru Tho - Ldi grai d5. chon ven?
O Di6n din d4y hgc to6n
@ Tim hidu sAu th6m To6n hgc so cdp
Hodng Gia Hitng - Binh luAn D6' thi
THPT Qudc gia nim 2015.
Nguydn Tudn Ngoc - Bd d6' LTE vi irng
d,lng.
@ Oitin din phrrong ph6p giii to6n Anh Bia 1. Dodn Vi6t Nam tai Ki thi IMO 2015.
Trdn Dinh Nam - Ong dung sdphrlc vio
giii
?t tr6i qua phAi: Thdy LA Bd Ktuinh Trinh, em
bdi to6n h6 phrtong trinh vi tinh tdng
Nguydn Tudn Hdi Dd,ng, em Vfi Xud,n Trung,
li6n quan ddn Cf .
em Hod.ng Anh Td.i, em Nguydn Thi Viil Hd. em
Nguydn Huy Hod.ng, em NguyAn Thd Hodn,
@ Tin t(rc to6n hgc
Thdy L AnhVinh.

. C0ng dodn nhd truong li6n tUc dat Cong dodn co so vring Ddo Tao, Bang khen c0a Th0 tuong Chinh phti va dac biQt
manh xudt sdc duo. c Tdng Lien Dodn Lao dQng ViQt Nam ld duorc Chir tich Nuoc trao tdng Hudn chuong Lao dong
vdr C0ng Dodn Gi6o dUc ViQt Nam tdng Bdng khen. hang Ba.
. Chi b0 nhd truong c6 32 ddng vien, hdng ndm ddu duo.c Tu hdo vOi nh0ng thdnh tich trong 15 ndm qua, tAp thd
cong nhdn Chi B0 trong sach, vung manh. can b0 gi6o vi6n vd hoc sinh c0a truong vAn ti6p tuc kh0ng
Voi nh0ng thdnh tich ndi nat n6u tr6n, truong li6n tqc duoc ngirng phdn ddu d6 dat duo. c nhi6u k6t qu6 t6t hon n0a,
UBND Tinh c0ng nhdn dat danh hieu Tflp thd Lao dQng xung d6ng voi ni6m vinh du c0a ngoi truong mang ten Nhd
xudt sdc, du-o. c nhfn Co thi dua don vi xudt sdc c0a Tinh, giao l6i lac Chu Vdn An c0ng nhu su tin tuong c0a Ngdnh
Co thi dua xudt sdc va Bang khen c0a B0 Giao DUc & vd NhAn dAn da giao pho.
Mst sd hEsrh iimh hoqt i$$mg e*a Thdy vi* Tra

Erwcng THCS Chu Va*sr &r= trcns n#yn hce ESt 4 " 2G15
ffi #,&8"& i#xffiffi,ffi.

{;*&ir agc lt*
[,{-?*tS.-.
0SNeq,*re::: :i'-; ;'1 }il.li
1,,@"1
*r*, .;@t
HY T MUA +.
& TC TH&TT TI BU CC GN NHT !
lr ri, l
TR UtlN G, THGS: CH U, VAN, AN: -,THAN H' PH 0. H UE

Dia chi 36A Duong Vdn An, Thdnh ph6 Hu6 - Di6n thoai 054.3810649
Website: http ://thcs-cvan.tphue.th uath ien h ue.ed u.vn/
llGW NguyAn Phuoc Hoi ddng Su phqm Truong THCS Chu Vdn An
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ruong THCS Chu Vdn An duoc thdnh lAp vdo . Kd til nam hoc ddu tien d6n nay quf thdy co gido trong
ddu ndm hgc 2000 - 2001 theo quydt dinh s6 nhd truong luOn thi dua day tdt hqc tdt, co rdt nhi6u didn
847|QD-TCCB ngay 23-8-2000 c0a Gi6m ddc hinh ti6n ti6n, dOi ngO gi6o vien ngdy cdng lOn manh vd cA
S0 GD&DT tinh Thua Thi6n Hu5. s6luong vd chdt luong, qua cdc hoi thi dd co 8 gido vi6n
duoc cOng nhAn ld gi6o vien dqy gi6i cdp Tinh, 39 giao
Ddn nay, truong c6 99 c6n bQ giao vi6n, nhAn vien vd
vi6n dat gi6i giao vi6n day gi6i cdp Thanh phd.
gdn 2000 hoc sinh duoc bien ch6 thdnh 45 lop. Truong
co ddy d0 phong hoc, phong chuc ndng, phong b0 m0n, . Nhd truong rdt quan tAm d6n gi6o duc todn di6n cho hoc
nhd thi ddu da ndng vdi nhidu trang thi6t bi kha hiQn dai. sinh, cAc em Truong THCS Chu Vdn An khong chi hoc
Khuon vi6n truong thodng mAt, sach s6, xa khu dAn cu, gi6i ma cdn tham gia c6c phong trdo TDTT rdt sOi ndi, mdt
cAnh quan nha truong rdt than thi6n dd tiSn hdnh cdc hoat mqnh cira truong ld Co vua vd Di6n kinh, nhidu ndm li6n
dQng su pham. Qua 15 ndm x6y dung vd tru0ng thdnh, truong dat giAi cao trong Hoi Kh6e Phu Ddng cdp thanh
thAy va tro Truong THCS Chu Vdn An da n6 lUc phdn ddu ph6 va d6 co nhidu hoc si giAi cdp Tinh vd cdp
dap ung yeu cdu phat tridn sqr nghiQp gido duc vd ddo tao
tu
& va da dat duo, c nh0ng thdnh tich sau:
F cdng duoc tdng
. Truong luOn laiffi trong nh0ng don vi ndm t6p ddu vd huong hiQn ndm hoc 2015-2016
''o ,6iffi
ddu duo.c trang br"1ffi
;c$i7 phong b0 mon F" ;
@

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siu ru rso+ rnp cxi nn nAruc ruAruc - ruArvl ry.

International Mathematical Oly*piad

HY T MUA TC TH&TT TI BU CC GN NHT !

ffi r&*GrJ crryeil r6Ax

HY T MUA TC TH&TT TI BU CC GN NHT !

et http://www.nctrn.org, 6ng Thomas W

vd OF ll EI=OFLAB. Vi th6 OF lit clulng

hinh binh hirnh, n6n FK : JC : AC.sin45" vit

/.. TORN HOC

fFE =fEi *6EE = 18oo -frk *fii^

= I&-rso" *fiA*ifr nfrD =fr*.

+ MBC cn LDEE'(c.g.c) Vi thi5: LFKB @ MCB (c.g.c)= 6F:dEA,

dim F kh6ng phu thuQc vdo vi tri didm C.

g6c eAD vl enE chi cin kh6ng di5i va c6

HY T MUA TC TH&TT TI BU CC GN NHT !

cria hO ln: (Q0); l;U,( ?' -!\ EFIIBC.

Ldi gidi. Hdm sr5fix) li0n tuc tr6n dopn [l;3]

cilaflx) trn la;bf: 0

Ldi binh. OC tintr tich ph6n dang:

^ 2x2 +3x +3 tr6ncloqn l0:2).

HY T MUA TC TH&TT TI BU CC GN NHT !

Bdi tQp ttnng tU

x -2x +3 ,lx +2 +Z = abc 13x-27.

=l{x -r) + 21 [<, - r;' + z) 1zl

r. crAr HE PHUoNc rniNu nAxc so PHUC y3 +3(ix)2 y + 3(ix)y2 + (/.y)' - (y + ix) - (1 + i)

' N6u cho s6 phuc z = x + iy thi:

*Yoi;=-1+ i= x-iy=-1+i o{*=-:.

. .r : 0; y : 0; (x; y) * (0; 1), @; y) * (-l; -1) vA

Ldi girti. Xdt khai tri6n:

(cloo -C0,, *Cr,, -C^u +...+qri:^-4ii y f tl .#[-ar"i. +(J3)'c;o -(J3)',cio +

... + (J3)o' cfl - (J3)* c13 ],.

HY T MUA TC TH&TT TI BU CC GN NHT !

4 ' TORN HOC

HY T MUA TC TH&TT TI BU CC GN NHT !

Bii T1/458 (Lop 6). Tim c5c sti nguy6n ducrng

HY T MUA TC TH&TT TI BU CC GN NHT !

PSOBISI+IO INIMS ISUU

acute ffiangle ABC with the orthocenter H. Lel t-

parallel to MHmeets the line throughllparallel Given a diamond ABCD with

kroo 1117 (*). Thpt vQy, vi n6u kroo2l18 thi

n 4-4J=P: 4-+1=...:P,, u,,-ut\.

la*- arl: 0, suy rz a1: az:...: an .A

sd chinh phu<rng, suy m dpcm. D

Ldi giili. (Theo da sd c6c b4n).

Ap dung tinh ch6t hdng cli6m cliOu hoi vd chim -+l

Tuong t.u ta c6 Bz, Ct, fu thing hdng vd Cz, Az, e *'+y'+z'-3(x+y+z)>o

1r =Y =' V0y trong midn tld cho khdng t6n tai

^i,. TORN HOC

HY T MUA TC TH&TT TI BU CC GN NHT !

flx) - x, Yx e IR. hayg(2x) = g(x), Vx e R. (2) NGUYEN VAN MAU

conditions Pt(x)=?-x, P2(x)=2(x2 +1), and

HU'ONC nAl,t ClAt. ..Qiep theo trang {:':

qua clring 2 di}m cua S. Ta chimg minh tiiip bdi

HY T MUA TC TH&TT TI BU CC GN NHT !

Thi d1t 4. Tinh ti5ng:

(1+e)2ora =az , (l+Ez)2014 * e. v0y

2. S, = 2Clrou - 4Clou+ 6Clo,, - 8C]0,, +

Thi d1t 5. Tinh dng: -2ot6c13il.

...+t5cfrs +zor:c;iii 4. So = lClo,, -32C)orr+5'Ctorr-J'C'rorr+

Ond dA LTE (Lifting The Exponent) c6 riit nhtiu v :

nguy6n t6. Khi do. ta co: Vi x = y (modp) n6n ta c6:

chi cdn chimg minh pl(x*tqvnayaan-3y| +...+y'-') ... t (xn-r + (p - l)kpxn-2)

l =vz(x*y)+vz@+y)+m-L Suy ra dpcm.

fFE =fEi 6EE = 18oo -frk fii^

= I&-rso" fiAifr nfrD =fr*.

Yoi;=-1+ i= x-iy=-1+i o{=-:.

Mst sd hEsrh iimh hoqt i$$mg ea Thdy vi Tra