TITLE : MEASUREMENT OF PUMP EFFICIENCY, HEAD AND DISCHARGE

1.1 INTRODUCTION

The traditional methods of conducting laboratory activities (assigned as Level 0) will not be
able to provide the avenue for students to enhance independent learning activities and
inculcate creativity and innovation. The traditional method is fully prescriptive where the
three elements namely problem, ways & means and answers are provided/fully given to the
students. However, it is still necessary to be implemented as part of the whole laboratory
course activity specially to first and second year students

In this laboratory activity students will be exposed to the apparatus and appropriate methods
to carry out demonstration of turbine performance.

1.2 OBJECTIVES

To determine the head / flow rate characteristics and pump efficiency under single, series and
parallel pump operation.

1.3 LEARNING OUTCOME

At the end of the laboratory activities, students would be able to:

1. Conduct the experiments for measurement of pump efficiency, head and discharge.

2. Analyse data and discuss pump performance under single, series and parallel pump
operation

3. Work in a group to produce laboratory report.

1.4 THEORITICAL BACKGROUND

(a) Single centrifugal pump

Centrifugal pump is one of the most widely used pumps for transferring liquids. Centrifugal
pump operates as follow: As the prime mover rotates the driveshaft, the impeller fluid is
drawn in axially through the centre opening of the housing. The fluid then makes a 90oturn
and flows radially outward. As energy is added to the fluid by rotating blades (centrifugal
action and actual blade force), the pressure and velocity increase until the fluid reaches the
outer tip of the impeller. The fluid then enters the volute-shaped housing whose increased
flow area causes the velocity to decrease. This action results in a decrease in kinetic energy
and an

accompanying increase in pressure.

(b) Series pump operation

Pump can be combined in series to obtain an increase in head at the same flowrate as the
single pump.

Figure 1.4.1: Series Pump Curve Characteristics

As shown in Figure 1.1, when two pumps having similar head-flowrate characteristics are
operated in series in combined pump head-flowrate curve is obtained by adding the head of
single pump curve at the same flowrate.

(c) Parallel pump operation

Pumps can be combined in parallel to obtain in increase in flowrate at the same head as the
single pump.

Figure 1.4.2 Parallel Pump Curve Characteristics

As shown in Figure 1.2, when two pumps having similar head-flowrate characteristics are
operated in parallel the combined pump head-flowrate curve is obtained by adding the
flowrates of the single pumps at the same head. Formula for calculation of variables (in
accordance with series and parallel pump test rig model:FM07A-1)

Power (fluid), Pfluid = water QH

flow (LPM )
Volumetric flow rate, (m3/s)= 6000

P 2P 1
Pump head, () = g

Power fluid
Overall efficiency, overall= Power electrical 100
** Pressure unit (P1, P2) is Pascal. Unit conversion 1 bar = 100000 Pa

2.0 PROBLEM STATEMENT

Each group is required to determine the maximum flow rate, pump head and pump

efficiency under single, series and parallel pump operation.

3.1 APPARATUS

Pump apparatus as shown in Figure 8.3 will be used to determine head / flow rate

characteristics and pump efficiency and Figure 8.4 shows process diagram for

series and parallel pump operation.

Centrifugal pump
Water tank

Valve

Water tank

Pump

Figure 3.1.1: Pump Apparatus

 Figure 3.1.2: Process Diagram for Series / Parallel Pump

3.2 PROCEDURES

1. The circulation tank was filled with water.

2. Make sure V5 was fully close position.
3. The main power supply was switched on.
4. The main switch on the control panel was turned on. All digital indicators were ensured to
be illuminate.
5. Check for the following valve position in Table 1.1.

Table 3.2.1: Valve Position

Pump Running Fully Open Fully Close

Operation Pump Valve Valve

Single Pump 2, P2 V2 V1,V3,V4

Series Both pump V1,V3 V2,V4

Parallel Both pump V1,V2,V4 V3

 3.3 DATA ACQUISITATION

Table 3.3.1 : Single Pump Operation with Variable Flow Rate

Pump Pump Tota Pump Venturi Q Total Total Efficienc

Inlet Outlet l Speed pressure Flow Power Hydrauli y
(Suction (Delivery Hea N differenc (L. Input c Power (%)
) ) d (rev. e( 1
W1 (Watts)
s
Pressur Pressure H P
min1
(Watts
e P4 (kPa
)
P2 )
(bar)
(bar)
-0.67 0.22 89 3007 0.640 2.35 420 210 50

-0.63 0.32 95 3008 0.600 2.30 415 218 52

-0.57 0.42 99 3004 0.540 2.16 401 215 54

-0.51 0.53 104 3007 0.480 2.04 389 213 55

-0.46 0.62 108 3004 0.420 1.91 375 206 55

-0.40 0.72 112 3008 0.360 1.76 357 198 56

-0.35 0.82 117 3011 0.300 1.61 339 190 56

-0.29 0.92 121 3008 0.220 1.38 314 168 54

-0.22 1.03 125 3007 0.016 1.18 285 148 52

-0.14 1.14 128 3007 0.060 0.72 241 92 38

 Pump Performance @ 3000 Rev/min

200 450

180 400

160
350
140
300
120
Total Head 250
100
(kPa)
Mechanical
ColumnPower
1 Total Head Mechanical Power Efficiency
200
(W)
80
150
60
100
40

20 50

0 0
0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5

Flow Rate (L/s)

Graph 1 : Results for Pump Test (Performance) at 3000 rev/min.

Dimensionless Analysis
Reynolds number = 3141593
12 0.16

0.14
10
0.12
8
Head Coefficient 0.1
Power Coefficient
Power Coefficient
Head Coefficient 6 0.08
None
0.06
4
0.04
2
0.02

0 0
0 0 0 0.01 0.01 0.01

Flow coefficient

Graph 2: Dimensionless Analysis of the Pump at 3000 rev/min.

3.4 CALCULATIONS

1. Total head , H:
H=( P 4P2 ) 105

2. Total Power Input, W1:

W 1=( P 4P2 ) Q

3. Total Hydraulic Power, Pfluid

Pfluid =water gQH

4. Efficiency,
Power fluid
100
Power efficiency

Total Head,

5
1. H= { 0.22(0.67 ) } 10
89 kPa

2. H= { 0.32(0.63 ) } 105
95 kPa
5
3. H= { 0.42(0.57 ) } 10
99 kP a

4. H= { 0.53(0.51 ) } 105
104 kPa
5
5. H= { 0.62(0.46 ) } 10
108 kPa
5
6. H= { 0.72(0.40 ) } 10
112 kPa
5
7. H= { 0.82(0.35 ) } 10
117kPa
 5
8. H= { 0.92(0.29 ) } 10
121 kPa

9. H= {1.03(0.22 ) } 105
125 kPa
5
10. H= {1.14(0.14 ) } 10
128 kPa

EFFICIENCY

210
1) 100 =50
420
218
2) 100 =52
415
215
3) 100 =54
401
213
4) 100 =55
389
206
5) 100 =55
375
198
6) 100 =56
357
198
7) 100 =56
357
190
8) 100 =56
339
168
9) 100 =54
314
148
10) 285 100 =52

92
11) 241 100 =38
CONCLUSION
DISCUSSION
Appendix

Figure 8.5 shows the apparatus was set up.

Figure 8.6
shows the
valve was
closed.

Figure 8.7 shows that the control panel was switch on.
Figure 8.8 shows that water flow to the tank.