OPINIONS

Phrases
Word processing made easier to edit texts and take notes because mistakes can be erased without paper damage and for
organisation the text can be cut and pasted as many as needed without having to restructure the document.

It has its advantages as well as its drawbacks and people have to make up their mind.

Enquanto o seu medo de perder for maior que o seu medo de ganhar, voc no ir ganhar nada valioso.

Quando voce faz algo que no gosta, voc est competindo contra pessoas que gostam. Esta frases pode soar sem sentido caso
voce aceite ser um profissional medocre.

A questo no voc descobrir o que quer para sua vida. E sim, caso voc descubra, voc teria coragem para seguir o que voc
quer sem se importar com as outras pessoas?

The only way to move things forwards is by breaking the rule

Bars and terrace cafs are integral to the social life of the city.

Bearing in mind how young she is, I thought she did really well

Of course, repair work is expensive and you have to keep that in mind

If you only see grey skies and gloomy days ahead, thats what youll get.

I was very wary of

To have a vague idea

I could barely string two phrases together when I first arrived

WORK

I became interested in physics at highschool. My teacher was very encouraging and dedicated, he presented physics as a noble
discipline, at the beginnning I wanted to see as someone inteligent, but as I grasp it depeer, I was fallling in love with physics.

Our decisions should not be the ultimate arbiters of vocation. Sometimes we should do what we hate, or what most needs doing,
and do it as best we can

I had expected and I got myself prepared.

Skills you needed to do that specific job

Hotel policy / night shift / room move / extend their stay /

Nursing is hard work, but it can be very fulfilling.

Ultimately its down to you

ROADS

They fell a false, a dangerous sense of security and control. They are in their own little world where they can deceive themselves
into thinking they are better than they really are.

The most common source of problem is when they set deadlines for their road journeys and someone prevents them from meeting
that deadline, from not getting where they want to, when they want to, they blow a fuse.

He was found guilty of reckless driving.

MEDIA

New technology often makes old skills and even whole communities redundant.

Banning books can lead to increased polarization. Banning book doesnt help

Slim models:
Ongoing campaign to curb the dangerous body image message being sent to thousands of vulnerable young people
The trend towards decreasing weight for fashion models needed to be reversed.
Extreme dieting, fasting, purging and compulsive exercise were becoming increasingly prominent
undernourished models
When any person has negative views or attitudes towards their bodies and are exposed to constant images of thin
fashion models as being the norm, then it definitely increases the risk of them developing eating disorders
If society is bombarded with images of dangerously thin bodies and shapes, we will continue to create a culture that
puts peoples health and well-being second to a number on a scale
The most sensible approach would be to promote diversity in body shape, weight and culture to accurately reflect the
real situation in society.
The approach could be useful to encourage healthy diets and combat fast foods and, likewise, obesity. And not to
promote undernourishment.
The point is not the celebration of obesity, but rather a creation of a beatiful and healthy body which people must
pursuit. Since it is the human nature to create exceptions and pursuit what you dont have, the model industry should
encourage a healthy body

Dangerously thin models should be banned from participating in catwalk shows and photo shoots to prevent fans
developing serious eating disorder

The idealisation of thin bodies and promotion of excessive weight loss occurred not only in the fashion industry but in
all forms of social media, advertising, schools, clubs, sporting teams, gyms and every day social circles

CHAP 6

6.3. Punishments
As soon as

6.3. Punishments
As soon as

6.3. Punishments
As soon as
 CHAP 7

7.1. Punishments
Punishment seeks to impose a negative experience on the child so the child will feel bad and make a different choice in the future.
Sometimes punishment t'akes the form of spanking, switching or paddling.

Punishment produces politeness, not morality

Instead of teaching a child right from wrong, punishment may teach the child the opposite - how to avoid being caught doing
something wrong. Punishment may not change behavior in the short term, and can negatively affect behavior in the long term.
Punishment can create distrust between parent and child because kids don't feel they can rely on parents for loving guidance.

Punishment doesn't necessarily lead to long lasting change. Additionally, it can have a host of negative effects that lead to
dishonesty, rebellion and disconnection in the parent-child relationship. As soon as the child thinks its not being watched (as soon
as the situation seems different in some way), the tendency to engage in the behavior will reassert itself.

Focus on the relationship instead of discipline in moments of defiance, get to the root of problems, use natural consequences and
cultivate trust and connection with special time together.

We dont just see punishment as a deterrent. Punishment simply breeds punishment-avoidance

The intent may be to discourage the child from repeating the action, but the more common results of punishment are that the child
(1) becomes angry and frustrated, (2) learns that you get your way in life by using your power over those who are weaker, and (3)
becomes more focused on self-interest and less likely to consider how his actions affect others.

This shift in perspective should prompt us to transform schools from places of "doing to" students to places of "working with"
students, to see kids' troubling actions not as infractions to be punished (where someone must be made to suffer), but as problems
to be solvedand opportunities for teaching

Your parents are the strongest relationship you have. No punishment you hurt you more than seeing that what you did deeply
hurted your parents and might weaken your relationship between them.No yelling and grounding would hurt you more than the

No slap is as painful as the feeling of seeing that what you did hurted your mother.

7.2. Why people enjoy fear

This time of year, thrillseekers can enjoy horror movies, haunted houses, and prices so low, its scary. But if fear is a natural
survival response to a threat, or danger, why would we seek out that feeling?

Not everyone enjoys being afraid, and I dont think its a stretch to say that no one wants to experience a truly life-threatening
situation. But there are those of us (well, a lot of us) who really enjoy the experience.

One of the main hormones released during scary and thrilling activities is dopamine, and it turns out some individuals may get
more of a kick from this dopamine response than others do. Basically, some peoples brains lack what Zald describes as brakes
on the dopamine release and re-uptake in the brain.

Lots of people also enjoy scary situations because it leaves them with a sense of confidence after its over. So it can be a real self-
esteem boost.

Scary situations are unforgetable. If youre too young to know the monsters are fake, it can be quite traumatic and something
youll never forget, in a bad way.

So we know that we can learn to fear, and this means our socialization and the society in which we are raised is going to have a lot
to do with what we find scary.
Sometimes risky desires can be deadly, as exemplified by the frequency of fatal sky-diving and mountain-climbing accidents.

Theres a common belief that if you meet somebody for the first time in a fearful situation, you'll feel more attached or more
attracted to that person than you would if you'd met them in a low-stress situation. Is there any truth to that?

It produces strong emotional responses, and those responses work to build stronger relationships and memories.

You can benefit from what seems a life-or-death situation, with the advantage of realising, a moment later and with joyfull relief,
that its not.

7.3. Upbringing and persons character

It depends largely upon the decisions and choices we quietly make within ourselves as we are growing up.

The habit of reflecting, thinking, and observing life and people creates the character.

In the creation of character each of us is quietly on his own, silently making personal decisions, unknown to anyone, that will
decide his future character. He quietly decides whether he will lie or tell the truth, do the job right or fake his way through.

Some children are persistent, they would never give up on a problem, they would nover admit defeat. But where did this habit
come from? The habit come fro within youself.

They have good sense, good judgment, and are ruled by it.

I believe that the greatest enemy of the voices within is the crowd

But in truth, were more like chameleons who instinctively and unintentionally change how we behave based on our surroundings.

If the broken windows in a building were not repaired, people were more likely to break additional windows in the structure. And
that, in turn, would only encourage more vandalism.

If the broken windows in a building were not repaired, people were more likely to break additional windows in the structure. And
that, in turn, would only encourage more vandalism.

.
 CHAP 8

8.1. Prons and cons of technology

Some say it an increase anxiety and impatience and decrease the ability to focus, learnand remember

Number of friends or acquaintances increased, but the quality decreased

Devices pressure people to be more productive

Sharing life events enhances well-being

Telephone and internet made it easier to maintain in-person relationship but neither replace nor ruined them.

Technology has enabled terrorists to spread their message of hate and incite fear

Thanks to technology, we can relive countless moments with people we love after theyve gone or are far away

The same pro-and-con situation will play out with other technologies or anything new

Sedentary lifestyle is one of the main causes of death worldwide

Technology is reaching a point where pretty much anything is available at the touch of a button / at your fingerpoint

The search engine and webpages replace piles of book on the desktop
The internet made it posible to view the humiliation of thousands of strangers on demand.

In the future, if you want a job, you must be as unlike a machine as possible: creative, critical and socially skilled.
The best teacher use their character, creativity and inspiration to trigger childrens instict to learn.
Our schools teach skills that are nt only redundant but counter-productive. Our children suffer this life-defying,
dehumanising system for nothing.
A regime of standardisation

The technology will potentially evolve and add even greater value to our lives in the
future.
Advances in cars, planes and even mobile phones have not been replicated in education,
with some exceptions clearly. This is quite a broad brush statement, but if you look at a
classroom from a 100 years ago and compare with one today, its almost like a game of
spot the difference. They are almost identical.

8.1. Why people play video games

Since the basic pixellated formats of 1980s until

People play games for the thrill and for the victory.

They have great visual impact on us

At the beginning it was largely played by young men, but today we have to acknowledge that gaming has been fully integrated
into mainstream culture.

Games need to establish mood, a sense of anxiety and despair through the use of lighting

Games has a fundamental element, which is exploration. Its our human nature to pursue this.

A part of society Some sections of society are anti-gaming. In large part, I feel this is down to media. They never miss an
opportunity to focus on a story that shows it in a bad light.

Its basic common sense that playing games for 10 hours straight is bad. But lets have some balaned.

Cinema has being a great source of inspiration for peoples lifestyle.

8.2. Can people manage without internet?

Leons

8.3. Technology in 20 years, optimistic or pessimistic?

Im not talking about the dim and distant past here, but a relatively recent one

Ill have left long before, asdadadadasdasdasd

The gap between successful people and frivolous people will become more noticeable. While successful ones will take more and
more advantage of internet to learn faster and better new things, frivolous people will shrink into superficial and meaningless
activities.

Number of vehicles on the roads will shrink in sizem

Technology allow you to answer phones, texts or any other type of input as soon as possible, almost immediately.

What was aimed to be practical and allow people to immediately response texts turned out to be a distraction.

Artificial inteligence will take time until develop an equivalent human efficiency. Along the way, the technology may commit
mistakes; nevertheless, technology mistakes are more desirable than human ones. For this explanation, once a machine commit a
mistake, it will be constant, which is easily trackable, while random mistakes takes more efforts to have them fixed.
 CHAP 9

9.1. Describe a perfect holiday, where would you go, what would you do and who would you go with? Why, what kind
of person you are?

9.2. How much do you research before going on holiday? What kind of souvenirs are you likely to buy? How
important is it for you to stay in touch with the outside world?

9.1. Where are the main destinations in your country? Why do tourists go there?

9.4. In what ways has tourism benefited your country or region? In what ways has it had a negative effect?

9.5. Why do you think people become so aggressive in cars and aeroplanes?

9.6. How might the problem of traffic confestion in cities be solved?

 CHAP 10

10.1 Why do many people hate doing housework?

Because domestic chores are open-ended task, so theres no defined end point.

People prefer tasks they can complete, and without satisfactory conclusions they become stressed.

On top of it, the domestic chores are repetitive cyclical work. Its demotivating when you have to clean your house knowing that
after a week you will have to do it again and again.

Its totally justifiable that the vast majority of people continue to shy away from doing the dishes or sweeping the floor.

And of course, housework is a strenuous job with no pay

10:2. Who does the lions share of domestic chores in your house? Why?
My father and my mother divides their chores equally, but my father keeps with the job which requires more energy and force to
have done, while my mother keep with the other part which requires more dedication to details.

The situation is like that because both my father and mother work the same amount of hours, because of that they divide equallty
the household chores.

10:3. In what ways would your life be different if your house had no running water, no electricity and no
cenral heating? How would you cope?
I think it comes down to costume. If you are used to living without them, its easy, you consequently wont feel
necessity to have them. Otherwise, if you are already used to living with them and suddely you no longer have them, I
think it would be extremely hard to go through the situation without going crazy, being most of the nervous of
stressed, but after a time I would get the grips with the situation. Mainly because it the human aspect to get adequate
themselves with their sorroundings.

To dig a well to get water from there

Get water out of the ditch

10:4. Where would you like prefer to live if you had to move? Another part of the city? The contry?

10:5. How common is it for people in your country to live without running water and electricity? What could
the authorities do to help sich people?
10:6. Have you already had sound problems with our neighbours? How was it? Why?
During my college time, I was living in a [condominio] with many 3-stock-buildings. And the building in front of my
window started blaring out at full volume while I was studying, I asked the old elderly if she could [diminuir o
volume] and she got offended since legally there was no problem of playing loud music at the time of the day.

Night after night hed have it blaring out at full volume

It really brings out the worst in out, somehting like that.
Something you have to face the inconvience of noise
The damage will be beyond repair
A damage beyond repair

10:7. What do you think would be the pros and cons of living in these neighbourhoods?

The place is still virtually untouched by tourism

10:8. How would you rate your local infrastructure, particularly with regard to roads and public transport?
What are the improvements that could be made?
Improving facilities and transport.

The [PREFEITURA] demonstrates remarkable incompetence, doing everything behind the doors. There is not
transparency in any process, which leads to a massive corruption, but fortunately they are lately going behind the bars

10:9: How would a considerable rise in populations affect the area where you live?
It would have, beyond a shadow of a doubt, an adverse effect on the local population.
 CHAP 11

11.01: What significance might the tattoos have for the young man?
It varies greatly on the culture, while some cultures it means people who want to show they are non-conformist, other
cultures it shows exactly where they do fit in society.
Tattoing is still no regarded as mainstream art, so one of the reasons for putting the exhibition together is to break
down peoples preconception about this art.

11.02: In what ways might children benefit from attending a summer camp? What can they learn?
But anyone whos considering applying to work for a camp must be aware thats not a luxury hotel.

11.03: Can you ever imagine emigrating to another country? If so, what would be your reason for going?
Which country might it be?

11.04: If you were to have a tattoo, what would it show and why?

11.05: Talk about a familiar sight in your town or the sorrounding countryside at this time of year

11.06: Talk about a breathtaking view you have seen

11.07: Talk about someone in the public eye whom you admire

11.08: Talk about a radio or television programme you know which provides an in-depth look at current
affairs
11.09: Talk about the advantages and diadvantages or having X-ray vision

11.10: How often do you go to see a performance of a play, a classical music concert or an opera?
I wish I could have more opportunities to go and see a play or anything related to the arts field, but where I lived we
there werent places like that.

11.11: Are members of the audience expected to behave in a certain way? And what type of behaviour might
other members of the audience find annoying?
As we live in community, there are always expected ways to behave, and we mut follow them. The same goes for the
audience.

11.12: Do you think young people have greater or less cultural knowledge than previous generations?
Whats cultural knowledge?

11:13: To what extend is having degree in your country a guaratee of higher earnings? What are the
advantages and disadvantages of going to university?

The term apprentice is still (wrongly) associated with less-qualified occupations and less-skilled person

11:14: In your country, how do students pay for their university education? (e.g. using family savings, getting a
loan, a scholarship, an apprentie scheme) What are the advantages and disadvantages of these forms of
funding?
11.15: Why do you think many UK universities and employers prefer students who have taken a gap year? Is
the same true in your country?
The reason largely comes down to maturity. Taking a gap year allows the students to think about what they truly want
for their lifes.
Many people take a gap year between leaving school and starting university in order to do something different before
continuing with their studies. There are various options open to them, either in the UK or abroad, including travel,
teaching, caring and conservation work, as well as academic and cultural study courses.

There are enourmous benefits to be gained from taking a year out, provided the time is spent constructively.
A gap year is an ideal opportunity to broaden your horizons and learn more about the world and yourself. It will also
give you tie to think about what you want to do to study at university and what you want to achieve in life.

Those students who have spent a year doing something different tend to be more mature, more confident. It sets them
apart from others and makes them more emplyable.
Many graduates apply to us with outstanding qualifications, but what we look for most in a new employee is
adptability, drive and resilience.

CHAP 12
12.01: When you travel, do you usually take photographs? What kind of photographs do you prefer taking?
How do you rate youself as a photographer?

12.02: What do you think would be the highlights and downsides of a career in wildlife photography?

12.03: Do you agree that taking photographs of strangers without their permission is offensive?
All too often you can see tourists snapping away and they havent asked permission first.

12.04: Do you agree that using digital manipulation to alter a photograph is something to be avoided?

asdasd

12:05: Do you think wild animals should be farmed for their skin or meat? Give reasons for your views

Asdas

It helps to protect animals from being poached

With home-produced crocodile, we can undercut the market value of illegally supplied crocodile meat.

Many species are being hunted to the edge of extinction as trade in their skins flourished.

Although it may come under fierce criticism from animal rights groups, hardly will [killing animals for consuming] end. As it
doesnt work, what can be done is make the meat market no longer profitable.

12.06: What measures should be taken to safeguard the speacies which are threatened with extiction?

12.07: Have you ever take actions similar to that of any of the speaker? If so, what was your motivation and how did you
feel afterwards?

The poverty is so evident, so widespread.

To be concerned about the issues they were fiighting for.

EMPATHY

Thats not something I boast about.

12.08: Should individuals take more action on global issues, or is this best left to governments? Why?

CHAP 13

13.01: Where do people usually buy their fruit, vegetable and meat products in your country?
They usually buy in the supermarket or in some stalls, if theres a fruit and vagetable stalls near them. Sometimes they
would prefer to pay a bit more, or choose an inferior quality, instead of burning gas and drive until to closest stall,
which is a bit far away. But, when theres a market stall around them, they would beyond a shadow of a doubt buy
there what they need because of the quality.

13.02: How popular are farmers markets where you live?

They are reasonably famous, people like to go there and buy their fuits and vegetables. Normally, they have a better
quality of fruits and sometimes cheaper than in the supermarket. Thats why they are famous.
Only when the fruits are out of season, the prices rise*

13:03: In Britain, its common for children to eat in a school canteen. What did you do for lunch when you
were at school? What do you think of a substancial meal?
I didnt eat anything when I was at the school because my daily school load was 4 hours, so I had my breakfast and
my following meal would be the lunch. My school hadnt a canteen, just a small bar. If you wanted to eat, you would
have to pay. Although many friends of mine used to eat fatty or sugary foods.

13:04: Why is it so important for food to be packaged nowadays? Whats your reaction to the photo of the
packaged apples?
The food packaging is becoming a major problem, because of the large amount of plastic and cardboards used to do
the package. What ends up in the bin is appailing.
Id like to see the government impose some new policies that force producers and supermarkets to rethink the way
they sell stuff.
Thats blatantly deceptive.
Nothing has to come in a fancy wrapper.

Nevertheless,
You need the wrapping to keep bacteria and stuff from spreading. Notiaceably, the manufactures will take advantage
of it and rely on packing as a means of showing off their brand to their customers, the shoppers.
But thats a good issue to raise.
13:05: How healthily do people generally eat in your country? What changes have there been in eating habits
in recent years?
Nowadays, manufactures are covering their products with fraudulent helath claims Thisll give your child energy
all day long Thisll make your kid more intelligent and really whats in there is just a load of sugar. So its all
rather misleading.
Its a proactive stance against childhood obestity
The governments stance on

If you would like to change a trend nowadays, a good approach is through television. Programmes are biased towards
sourcing and using food thats come from nearby farms, and that has a direct effect on consumer choice

13.06: Tell about three different places in which you have eaten meal, what kind of food do you eat? To what
extend was your enjoyment of the food influenced by the sorroundings?
TO DESCRIBE PLACES:
1 situated
2 decorated
3 lit >> atmosphere

One of different places where I ate out in the last days was at the restaurant of the hotel where I booked a room. The
food was quite healthy and somewhat simpler than what I expected, but still delicious. But what drew most my
attention was the good service and the place.
The room was softly lit, comfort chairs and a relaxing background music, it created a comfort ambiance. In the end,
the quality of food wasnt vitally important.

Other time I went to a rooftop bar to drink a beer, just a normal one that I could drink everywhere else. But I decided
going there because the bar draw my attention by being not only beautifully, but also conveniently situated at the top
of a high-rise building and near one of the biggest tube stations of the city. The bar was softly lit, you could big part of
the city skyline.

13.07: What kind of food do you eat? Do you have a diet?

Yes, I follow a diet. I trained for a long time, which made me used to following diet. My daily meals entail complex
carbohidrates, like sweet potate and vollcorn rice, and low fat protein, like eggs and chicken breast.
But when I eat out, whenever possible, I choose steaks.
Once I ate some steaks that were so tender you hardly needed a knife. And they added a dash of a relish which made
them extremely delicious. Just thinking about it makes my mouth water. From that time on, I love eating steaks
 CHAP 14

14.01: The rich and famous people receive a great deal of media attention. To what extend is this simply the price of
fame and how much is it an invasion of privacy?

Thats definitely a matter of personal taste, some people are more extroverted, very easygoing whilst others
are more introverted, very reserved.

Probably he will feel a sense of relief when the challenge ends. Its a daunting challenge, and he has to
strengthen his motivation every minute, otherwise there will be a lack of motivation and he will give up.

Do what you love can not be generalised, not everyone has the opportunity to do it. Having a passion as a
source of income does not mean uniquely that you doing the right thing, but also that you had thanksfully the
opportunity to do it.

The house is run-down. It is required to do up the house owing the its state of emergency, otherwise the people
living in will be in danger.

I particularly like to travel out of season. During the high of summer, there road are packed with cars, taking
much longer to arrive at your destiny.
Depths of despair
Sign of respect

14.02: Comment the followng statements

-Top sportpeople bring enjoyment to millions and deserve to be paid generously.

-Theres no pointbeing frugal when youre young you should spend freely and have fun.

-Save hard, put down a deposit on a flat and leave home as soons as possible

-The government in my country needs to invest heavily in technology for schools

14.03. Have you ever had an argument over money or spending? What effect do you think money can have on peoples
relationships with others?
14.04. Some people seem addicted to accumulating money, whilst other cat help maxing out their credit cards and find it
impossible to save for a rainy day

Do either of these descriptions apply to you? How would you describe your relationship to money?

Asdad

14.05: How careful are you with your money? Are you able to make it last?

Yes, I think I manage my money really well. I have a excel sheet where I control all the spendings with a budget planner. Always
when I have time, I read articles and websites about how to make it last and make it last longer.

14.06: How advice would you give to undergraduates in order to help them make their money last? Imagine you are a
student who is living away from home for the first time.

They arent living paycheck to paycheck, so they should get used to paying their bills as soon as they arrive.

Dont way to pay the bill when its on the due date

The late fees are quite expensive.

The money can disapear as soons as you get it

To plan finances carefully

Its clear that the major expense each year is going to be books

To buy second-hand books from students in higher years who dont need it anymore.

14.07. Would you consider taking part in a Buy Nothing Day in your country? In what other ways people protest against
consumerism?

-I think it maybe a life-changing experience

-Trainers were produced using cheap labour in countries where workers rights are virtually non-existent.

-Its all very well for shopping malls to offer a wealth of choice, but this shouldnt be at the expense of the environment and
developing countries.

14.08. Do you spend much money on presents for members of your family? What type of presents do you usually buy?
XX Do men should pay for women when they go out?

I dont think so. Are women supposed to have sex with the man whenever he wants? No.

Where does this double standart come from?

The momento you say to a guy that he has to pay for you time. Youre likewise saying this relationship isnt equal and my time
worth more than yours and because of that you should pay for it. This paradigm was set up at the same moment when men has far
more rights than women.

If you go on a date with a guy and you dont offer to pay your share? You werent taught right

If you go on a date with a guy and he doesnt pay? He wasnt taught right

I would treat my partner as I would treat my best friend. I would say, lets be teammates here in whatever way we can

Its vitally important that you contribute on a level you can contribute. It means: trying!