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10 Gbps STM-64
x1
AUG-64
x1
VC4-64c C-4-64c ATM
AU4-64c
10GE
x4
x1
x3 TUG-3 TU-3 VC-3
x7 ATM
x1
52 Mbps STM-0 AU-3 VC-3 C-3 DS3
E3
x7
x1 ATM
Frame transmission TUG-2 TU-2 VC-2 C-2
Pointer processing DS2
Aligning x3
Multiplexing SDH Container ATM
Mapping TU-12 C-12
Group VC-12 E1
x4
POH addition
ATM
TU-11 VC-11 C-11 T1
DS1
Figure 1 SDH Multiplexing map
HO-POH
1 STM-1 9 VC4
1 * A1
A1 * A1
* A2
* A2
* A2
* J0
* *
X *
X J1 ptr ptr
TU pointers
1
B1 ^ ^ E1 ^ F1 X X B3
RSOH C2
D1 ^ ^ D2 ^ D3
G1 V5 LO-POH
Pointer (s) Lower Order Path Overhead
AU4 ptr F2
B2 B2 B2 K1 K2 V5
H4 V5 J2
D4 D5 D6 F3 N2
MSOH K3 K4
D7 D8 D9 VCn VCn
N1 125 s
D10 D11 D12 10 270 250 s
9 S1 M1 E2 X X 1 9 10 270 375 s
500 s
STM-1
Paths
LO Path LO Path
Layers
Sections
Section RSOH RSOH Section RSOH Section RSOH Section
Section
AU-4 TU-n
AU-4 ptr J1 TU-n ptr V1 V1
B3 x00
H1 Y Y H2 1 1 H3 H3 H3 C2 V2
G1
Y: 1001SS11 payload V3
1: all 1s byte F2
H4
F3 V2
x01
K3
N1 VC-n
V3 x10
H1 or V1 H2 or V2 H3 or V3 payload
N N N N S S I D I D I D I D I D
NDF Pointer Value Negative Positive
justification justification
j 0 1 1 0 SS0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1
j+1 0 1 1 0 SS0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 Concatenation
j+2 0 1 1 0 SS0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 NNNN S S I D I D I D I D I D
1 0 0 1SS1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
10 270
9 S1 M1 E2 X X X X X X
STM-16/OC-48
1 17 33 49 65 81 97 113 129 144
1 * A1
* A1
* A1
* A1
* A1
* A1
* A1
* A1
* A2
* A2
* A2
* A2
* A2
* A2
* A2
* A2
* A2
* A2
* J0
* Z0
* Z0
* X* * * * * *
A1 X X X X X
B1 + + ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ E1 + + + ^ ^ ^ + + F1 X X X X X X X X
D1 + + ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ D2 + + + ^ ^ ^ + + D3 + + + + $ $
Pointer (s)
B2 B2 B2 B2 B2 B2 SLA
B2 B2 B2 K1 + + + + K2 + + + + + +
D4 D5 D6 + + + + + +
D7 D8 D9 + + + + + +
D10 D11 D12 + + + + + +
9 S1 + + + + + + M1 E2 X X X X X X X X
STM-64
1 193 385 576
1
* A1
A1 * A1
* A1
* A1
* A1
* A1
* A1
* A1
* A2
* A2
* A2
* A2
* A2
* A2
* A2
* A2
* A2
* A2
* J0
* Z0
* Z0
* X* *
X *
X *
X *
X *
X
B1 + + ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ E1 + + + ^ ^ ^ + + F1 X X X X X X X X
D1 + + ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ D2 + + + ^ ^ ^ + + D3 + + + + $ $
Pointer (s)
B2 B2 B2 B2 B2 B2 B2 B2 B2 K1 + + + + K2 + + + + + +
D4 D5 D6 + + + + + +
D7 D8 D9 + + + + + +
D10 D11 D12 + + + + + +
9 S1 + + + + + + M0 M1 E2 X X X X X X X X
STM-16 STM-64
+ + FEC sequence: P1 P1 P1 P1 P1 P1 P1 P1 P1 +, $: FEC sequences
1 15 1 16 20 63 Q1, P1: Optional Forward
$ $ FEC sequence: Q1 P1 P1 P1 Q1 P1 P1 P1 P1 P1 P1 Error Correction
9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
+8x9 +9 x3+(3x9) x7+(2x9) x3 +1 B +1 B +2xR
9x270 B 9x261 B 9x86 B 9x12 B 36=9x4 B 35 B 34 B 32 Bytes
RRRRRRRR
SLA K4
C1C2RRRRRS1
V2 S2 DDDDDDD
H4=01 34 bytes Data
31 bytes
35 bytes
140 RRRRRRRR
500 s
V3 1 4
1 V3 V3 V3
H4=10
#1 #2 #3
35 bytes 125 s
V4
4
H4=11
125 s 35 bytes TUG-2 12
1 V3 V3 V3
125 s
LO-POH = V5 J2 N2 K4
TU-12 pointer = V1 V2 V3 V4 9
x7
#1 #2 #3 #7
9 9 9 9
TUG-3 5
1 86 TUG-3 TUG-3
N N N
P P P
I I I
#1 #2 #3
R 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2....... 6 R R
R R R
10 11 12 13
VC-4 270
7 +HO-POH
J1
1 9 10
1 B3
RSOH C2
G1 Byte-interleaving
R 3 TUG-3
8 AU4 ptr F2
H4
F3
MSOH K3
N1
STM-1 9
Figure 7 Synchronous and asynchronous transport of a 2-Mbps circuit (continued)
SLA
RSOH STM-1
RSOH STM-1
RSOH STM-1
500 s RSOH STM-1
VC-4
VC-4
VC-4
125 s VC-4 MSOH
MSOH
MSOH H4=xx11
MSOH H4=xx10
H4=xx01
H4=xx00
x3 x7 x3
x3 x7 x3
x3 x7 x3
x3 H4=xx00 V1
H4=xx10 V3 500 s
x7
x3 VC-12
SDH
REI (Remote Error Indication) BIP-8 violation count
J1 Path trace, message with CRC RDI (Remote Defect Indication) is sent back
E-RDI (Enhanced RDI information)
B3 BIP8 parity control (RDI=0) 10: Payload defect (PLM)
(RDI=1) 01: Server defect (AIS, LOP),
C2 Signal label (mapping)
(RDI=1) 10: Connectivity defect (TIM, UNEQ)
G1 Path status
multiframe
F2 Path user channel (voice or data)
TC TC-API, TC-RDI
N1: IEC
REI OEI ODI, reserved
H4 Position and sequence indicator
F3 Path user channel (voice or data) IEC Incoming Error Count, BIP-8 errors in Tandem Conn.
TC-REI: Remote Error Indication in a TC subnetwork
K3 Automatic Protection Switch OEI: Outgoing Error Indication
Multiframe: TC-API (Access Point Identifier)
N1 Tandem Connection Monitoring TC-RDI (RDI in Tandem Connection)
ODI (Outgoing Defect Indication)
001 - Reserved
N2 K4 Additional Path Overhead
010 - Asynchronous floating
011 - Bit synchronous
100 - Byte synchronous
101 - Extended signal label
K4 110 - Test Signal O.181
111 - VC- AIS
RDI (Remote Defect Indication)
multiframe
N2: I-AIS TC OEI TC-API, TC-RDI
BIP-2 1 REI ODI, reserved K4: ESL VC APS E-RDI DL
BIP2 for Tandem Connection calculated over the VC ESL (Extended Signal Label) 32 bits multiframe
bits 1-11 Multiframe Alignment
I-AIS: Incoming AIS
bits12-19:
TC-REI: Remote Indication Error in a TC subnetwork 09: ATM
OEI (Outgoing Error Indication) 0A: HDLC/PPP
Multiframe: TC-API (Access Point Identifier) 0B: HDLC/LAPS
TC-RDI (RDI in Tandem Connection) 0C: Concatenated test signal
ODI (Outgoing Defect Indication) bits 20-32: 0 (reserved for future)
VC (Lower Order Virtual Concatenation)
APS: Automatic Protection Switching channel
E-RDI (Enhanced RDI information)
(RDI=0) 010: Payload defect (PLM)
Figure 9 Four bytes POH onVC1 and VC2 (RDI=1) 101: Server defect (AIS, LOP),
Nine bytes POH on VC3, VC4 and VC4-Xc. (RDI=1) 110: Connectivity defect (TIM, UNEQ)
DL: Lower Order Data Link
LOF
Signal
LOS AIS
A1/A2 OR (logical function)
RS-TIM / TIM-S
J0
RS-BIP / CV- S Event detection
B1
Event registration
MS-BIP / CV- L
B2
Signal flow
MS-REI / REI- L
M12-8
MS-REI / REI- L Error indication received
M1
MS-AIS / AIS-P AIS
K26-8 Error indication sent
MS-RDI / RDI-L
K26-8 Alarm indication sent
AU-AIS / AIS- P AIS
AU ptr
AU-LOP / LOP-P
AU ptr
HP-TIM / TIM-P
J1 AIS
HP-UNEQ / UNEQ- P
C2
HP-PLM / PLM-P
C2
HP-RDI / RDI-P
G15-7
HP-BIP / CV- P
B3
HP-REI / REI-P SLA
G11-4
HP-REI / REI-P
G11-4
LP-TIM / TIM-V
J2
AIS
LP-UNEQ / UNEQ-V
V55-7
LP-PLM / PLM-V
V55-7
LP-RDI / RDI-V
V58
LP-RFI / RFI-V
V55
LP-BIP/ CV-V
V51-2
LP-REI / REI-V
V53
LP-REI / REI-V
V53
Sonet
Figure 10 Events management. In Regular characters SDH, in Italic Sonet.