bruise of a lung, which causes bleeding and swelling.

People have pain, usually due to the chest wall injury, and often feel short of breath.

Doctors make the diagnosis with a chest x-ray.

Treatment is with oxygen and sometimes a ventilator to support breathing until the bruise
heals.

A severe blow to the chest (as from a motor vehicle crash or fall) can bruise the lung. The
bruised lung does not absorb oxygen properly. A large bruise can cause dangerously low levels of
oxygen in the bloodstream. A severe pulmonary contusion is potentially life-threatening.

People may also have rib fractures, a collapsed lung (pneumothoraxsee Pneumothorax), and
other chest injuries. Later on, people may develop pneumonia (see Overview of Pneumonia) or
acute respiratory distress syndrome (see Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)).

Symptoms
Pain and shortness of breath are the main symptoms. The pain is usually caused by injury to the
chest wall (the ribs and chest muscle). Breathing is painful and difficult.

People may have no symptoms, especially at first. Shortness of breath may develop and worsen
over several hours.

internal bleeding (also called internal hemorrhage) is a loss of blood that occurs from
the vascular system into a body cavity or space.[1]( Taber, Clarence Wilbur; Venes, Donald
(2009). Taber's cyclopedic medical dictionary.)It is a serious medical emergency and the extent
of severity depends on bleeding rate and location of the bleeding (e.g. heart, brain, stomach,
lungs). It can cause death and cardiac arrest if proper medical treatment is not received quickly.

Number of medical conditions may lead to internal bleeding. Common causes include trauma,
various pathological conditions and complications of medical therapy. Common locations
include the gastrointestinal tract, the aorta and intracranial hemorrhage. A contusion (bruise) is a
form of internal bleeding, as the blunt trauma causes small blood vessels to rupture on the inside-
causing the coloration, due to blunt force, but depending on the severity may not be very serious
of an injury.

Rigor Mortis is the stiffening of the body after death because of a loss of Adenosine
Triphosphate (ATP) from the body's muscles. ATP is the substance that allows energy to flow to
the muscles and help them work and without this the muscles become stiff and inflexible.

Postmortem Lividity
The black and blue discoloration of the skin of a cadaver, resulting from an accumulation of deox
ygenated blood insubcutaneous vessels.

Bruises/Contusions are injuries which are caused by a blow from a blunt weapon, such as club,
whip, iron bar, stone, boots or by crushing or compression. They are accompanied by painful
swelling and tearing of the subcutaneous(the innermost layer of skin) tissues.

Abrasions are injuries involving loss of the superficial epithelial layer(The thin,
protective layer of cells that covers most of the outer surface of an animal body and lines the
inner surface of many body parts.) of the skin, and they do not leave the scar on healing.

Laceration means the edges are irregular with surrounding abrasion or bruises. The deeper
tissues are torn irregularly.

compound fracture. : a bone fracture resulting in an open wound through which bone
fragments usually protrude.

The talus is the bone that makes up the lower part of the ankle joint .

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) refers to bleeding within the subarachnoid space, which is
the area between the brain and the tissues that cover the brain.

The subarachnoid space is the space where the cerebrospinal fluid circulates, and its responsible
for protecting your brain from serious injuries by serving as a cushion. A hemorrhage in this
space can cause a coma, paralysis, and even death

Signs and symptoms of SAH range from subtle prodromal events to the classic presentation. The
most common premonitory symptoms are as follows:

Headache (48%)
Dizziness (10%)
Orbital pain (7%)
Diplopia (4%)
Visual loss (4%)
The classic presentation can include the following:
Sudden onset of severe headache (the classic feature)
Accompanying nausea or vomiting
Symptoms of meningeal irritation
 Photophobia and visual changes
Focal neurologic deficits
Sudden loss of consciousness at the ictus
Seizures during the acute phase

The intercostal muscles are located between the ribs. There are eleven intercostal muscles that
are located on each side of the rib cage. They function to move and stabilize the chest wall.
Intercostal muscles connect one rib to another and aid in breathing by expanding and contracting
the ribs effectively.

An intercostal muscle contusion can be very painful.

Causes

1. Blow to the Chest Wall

If you receive a direct blow to your chest, it is possible to suffer a strain to the rib
muscles. This can happen with car accidents, injury while playing sports (football, karate,
hockey), injuries received at work, or an assault (fight).

2. Twisting of the Upper Body

Twisting the upper body over its limits can strain the intercostal muscles.

3. Arm Swinging with Force

If you swing your arm too far, it stretches the ribs toward the arm that is swinging. This
can be worsened by twisting the lower half of your body away from the arm swing. It can
even cause the muscles to tear with enough force.

Displaced Fracture of Ribs

Ribs usually fracture at the point of impact or in the back where structurally they are weakest.
More complex fractures can cause the edges of the bone to become misaligned or displaced. A
serious condition involved with rib fractures is called 'flail chest'.

The psoas muscle (pronounced SO-as) may be the most important muscle in your body.
They affect your posture and help to stabilize your spine.
The psoas muscles are made of both slow and fast twitching muscles they are the only muscles
that connect your spine to your legs.

Hemorrhage

A hemorrhage is uncontrolled bleeding. There can be bleeding in the space around your brain,
which is a subarachnoid hemorrhage, or bleeding within your brain tissue, which is an
intracerebral hemorrhage.

Subarachnoid bleeds often cause headaches and vomiting. The severity of intracerebral
hemorrhages depends on how much bleeding there is, but over time any amount of blood can
cause pressure to build.

Concussion

A concussion is a brain injury that occurs when your brain bounces against the hard walls of your
skull. Generally speaking, the loss of function associated with concussions is temporary.
However, repeated concussions can eventually lead to permanent damage.

Internal bleeding

With internal bleeding, obviously the area that is injured will be damaged or hurt in some way. If
bleeding continues and there is a significant loss of blood, the person may lose consciousness
and go into shock. Internal bleeding can lead to a condition called anemia. With anemia, the
body has low levels of iron, which affects the blood's ability to carry oxygen throughout your
body.

The amount of bleeding and the location are associated with the presentation and outcome. A
small amount of blood (1 or 2 ounces) under the skull can cause significant loss of brain function
due to an increased build up of pressure, since it is like a solid box and doesn't have the ability to
expand to accommodate extra volume. Should that same small amount of blood accumulate
quickly in the pericardium (the sac that surrounds the heart) it might prevent the heart from
adequately beating but should the internal bleeding take days or weeks to accumulate, the heart
could adjust and continue to function.