2.1. Inglês - Exercícios Propostos - Volume 2 PDF

C2_3A_Convenio_Ingles_Prof Lu 18/07/11 08:20 Pgina 465
MDULO 11
TEXT
WHY DO WE SLEEP?
A recent study may have an answer to one of the greatest unsolved mysteries in science
what is the purpose of sleep? The work suggests it's actually about making animals function more
efficiently in their environments.
Pythons, bats and giant armadillos are among the longest sleepers at over 18 hours a day.
Human babies need 16 hours, and most of us
probably feel we need around eight hours sleep to
function well.
Professor Jerry Seigel from the University of
California, Los Angeles, conducted a study of the
sleep times of a broad range of animals and
found that they vary widely. Some, like
migrating birds, can survive long periods without
sleeping at all. He believes that shows sleep evolved
to conserve energy:
Jerry Seigel: Its animals that are needlessly active that will not survive, but animals that
are most efficient and use their waking time to do vital functions, and are otherwise asleep that
will survive.
Sleep helps make best use of limited resources. In humans, when were awake, our brain
accounts for 20% of the energy we use when just sitting around. Sleeping also makes us less likely
to get injured and less likely to be detected by predators.
(Jon Stewart, BBC News)
II. Tente adivinhar o significado destes trs animais em portugus,

VOCABULARY
baseando-se em suas definies em ingls.
I. Combine as colunas.
1. Python _________________________________
jiboia
1. greatest 1 c a) no esclarecidos
2. Bat ____________________________________
morcego
2. unsolved 2 a b) propsito
3. Giant armadillos _________________________
tatus gigantes
3. purpose 3 b c) maiores
a) a nocturnal, mouse like mammal with large wings. (2)
4. actually 4 d d) na verdade
b) a small animal which has a body covered in hard (3)
5. efficiently 5 f e) meio ambiente bone strips that allow it to curl into ball when attacked.
6. environment 6 e f) eficazmente c) a very large snake that kills animals for food by (1)
wrapping itself around them and crushing them.
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III. SLEEP expressions from the text. account for

3. Students _____________________________ the vast majority of
our customers.
dormir
1. to sleep slept slept = __________________________________
evolved
4. My political beliefs __________________________ as I got older.
sono
2. sleep = _______________________________________________
que dormem mais tempo, os mais dorminhocos

3. longest sleepers = _______________________________________ found
5. The dog ______________________ an old tennis ball in the ditch.
8 horas de sono
4. 8 hours sleep = ________________________________________
feel
6. Susan could __________________________ the soft blanket with
horas de sono
5. sleep times = __________________________________________ the tips of her fingers.
adormecido, aptico
6. asleep = ______________________________________________
VII. Combine as expresses do texto com suas explicaes.
1. are needlessly active (C )
IV. Combine as expresses do texto com suas explicaes. 2. vital (B)
1. to function well (B) 3. limited resources (E)
2. a broad range of (E) 4. to get injured (D)
3. vary widely (A) 5. detected by predators ( A )
4. migrating birds (C)
a) noticed by those who are likely to hunt and kill you.
5. to conserve (D)
b) essential, most important, impossible to do without it.
a) are very different
c) move a lot without reason or purpose.
b) to live and operate normally
c) birds that move between two different environments in response to d) to get hurt or hurt oneself accidentally (text).
changes in weather and food supply e) when there is relatively little food (text).
d) to save, to keep and protect from waste
e) a wide number of
VIII. Traduza a seguinte orao para o Portugus.
Some, like migrating birds, can survive long periods without sleeping
V. Verbs:
at all.
sugerir
1. to suggest = ___________________________________________ Alguns, como pssaros migrantes, podem sobreviver longos perodos sem
fazer
2. to make made made = ________________________________
dormir
{ de modo algum.
absolutamente
precisar
3. to need = _____________________________________________
sentir
4. to feel felt felt = ______________________________________
descobrir (texto)
5. to find found found = _________________________________ IX. Preencha os espaos com as expresses do quadro.
sobreviver
6. to survive = ____________________________________________ among over most of us
probably around best
acreditar
7. to believe = ___________________________________________
mostrar
8. to show showed shown = ______________________________ over
1. You must be a resident _________________________ 30 days in
order to vote here.
desenvolver-se
9. to evolve = ___________________________________________
best
2. I explained them the ________________ way to solve the problem.
ser responsvel por, representar
10.to account for = ________________________________________
among
3. There was one daisy _____________________________ the roses.
VI. Complete as frases abaixo com as formas verbais de alguns verbos Most of us
4. _______________________________ dont smoke, but some do.
traduzidos acima:
showed around
5. The meeting will begin _______________________ three oclock.
1. John _____________________________ me the cut on his finger.
probably
6. It will ____________________________________ rain tomorrow.
makes
2. Fishing __________________________________ Grandpa happy.
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X. Chegamos concluso de que podemos combinar os seguintes

TEXT COMPREHENSION
sinnimos.
I. Which animals are the shortest sleepers, according to the text?
1. more than 1 d a) around a) bats b) human babies
c) migrating birds d) pythons
2. approximately 2 a b) in the middle of e) adult men
3. among 3 b c) probably RESOLUO: Resposta: C
4. likely 4 c d) over
II. Responda em Portugus, de acordo com o texto.

XI. Traduza as expresses grifadas. 1. Para que serve o sono?
1. Our brain (a) accounts for (b) 20% of the energy we use when just O sono serve para os animais funcionarem de maneira mais eficaz em seu
sitting around. (c)
meio-ambiente.
nosso crebro
a) _____________________________________________________
responsvel por
b) _____________________________________________________
quando simplesmente nos sentamos

c) _____________________________________________________
2. Animals that are most efficient and use their waking time (a) to
do vital functions. (b) 2. De que maneira o sono ajuda neste sentido?
seu tempo acordado
a) _____________________________________________________ Ele ajuda a fazer melhor uso dos recursos limitados.
para realizar funes vitais

b) _____________________________________________________ O sono nos torna menos propensos a nos machucarmos e os animais menos
provveis de serem detectados pelos predadores.

3. and are otherwise asleep (a) that will survive (b).
a) e so ao contrrio apticos
b) que sobrevivero
ANOTAES
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MDULO 12
TEXT
PROTECTING ANTARTICA FROM TOURISM

A solution may be at hand for holidaymakers
who are finding it harder to get off the beaten track.
For those who really want to get away from it all, a new
holiday destination has sprung up Antarctica.
However, this freezing zone might only be for those with
the deepest pockets if a new policy starts. Tourism on
Antarctica has been increasing dramatically in the past
twenty years, from a few thousand people in 1985 to
more than 40,000 in 2009. The growing numbers are
having a negative effect on the environment of the South
Pole. To combat this, researchers from Hollands Maastricht University have come up with a possible
solution: limit the number of tourists allowed to visit and sell the vacations to the ones who make
the best offer.
Many environmental protection agencies agree that there is a need to protect the frozen
wilderness from the damage created by modern tourism. Antarctica is the last unspoiled place on
Earth. It has a very delicate ecosystem that could be easily upset by groups of tourists landing in
airplanes and using skimobiles. A difficulty exists because Antarctica is not a country and therefore
has no government to pass laws or guidelines to control the number of visitors. The Maastricht
University teams proposal to auction off a fixed number of tourist places seems a workable solution.
It would limit the number of visitors and therefore contain the amount of environmental damage,
and the money would be used to protect Antarcticas future.
(breakingnewsenglish)
VOCABULARY II. Complete the following sentences with verbs from the chart.
I. Match the columns. to increase to allow to agree

to upset to land to seem
1.harder 1 i a) meio ambiente
2.however 2 e b) necessidade agree
1. I dont _________________________ with forcing children to eat
3.policy 3 l c) crescentes things they dont like.
4.growing 4 c d) portanto seems
2. She ___________________________ to be the sort of person you
5.environment 5 a e) contudo, entretanto can trust.
allows
3. His mother always ___________________________ him to sleep
6. researcher 6 j f) oferta
late on Saturday mornings.
7. offer 7 f g) recomendao, orientao
8. need 8 b h) proposta upset
4. The hostile talks _____________________________ the peaceful
9. damage 9 k i) mais difcil relation between the two countries.
10. therefore 10 d j) pesquisador increased
5. The number of tourists visiting these islands has _____________
11. proposal 11 h k) dano in recent years.
12. guideline 12 g l) poltica to land
6. He was forced ________________________ the plane on the lake.
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III. Translate the underlined words and/or expressions in the sentences V. Match the following synonyms from the article:
below.
1. at hand 1 g a) idea
1. The beach was crowded with holidaymakers.
turista
2. holidaymaker 2 e b) fragile
* holidaymaker = _________________________
3. limit 3 h c) achievable
2. Water freezes at a temperature of 0C.
4. wilderness 4 f d) information
* congelar
to freeze = _____________________________
5. delicate 5 b e) tourist
3. Visit the Rockies, the last remains of the North American 6. guidelines 6 d f) great outdoors
wilderness.
* regio no cultivada ou desabitada, tais como um
wilderness = _________________________________________ 7. proposal 7 a g) near
deserto ou uma regio montanhosa.
_________________________________________
8. workable 8 c h) restrict
4. An unspoiled area is an area which has not been damaged in any

way.
intacto
* unspoiled = ____________________________
VI. Match the following phrases from the article:
IV. Combine the following expressions with their meanings below: 1. A solution may be at 1 e a) tourists
1. off the beaten track (d )
2. to get away from (c ) 2. get off the beaten 2 f b) environment
3. to spring up (f )
4. to have deep pockets (a ) 3. for those with the deepest 3 d c) place on Earth
5. to come up with (b )
6. to auction off (e )
4. a negative effect on the 4 b d) pockets
a) to have a lot of money

b) to think; to suggest 5. there is a need to protect 5 h e) hand
c) to escape
d) in a remote location; remote from populous or much-travelled
6. Antarctica is the last unspoiled 6 c f) track
regions
e) to sell at a public sale to someone who makes the best offer (bid)
f) to appear suddenly 7. groups of 7 a g) environmental damage
Now, complete the sentences with the expressions studied above.

8. contain the amount of 8 g h) the frozen wilderness
sprung up
1. Thousands of business have _____________________ in the past
couple of years.
VII. Translate the following excerpts from the passage
to have deep pockets
2. It helps __________________________ when youre involved in
a long lawsuit like this. 1. a new destination has sprung up
um novo destino surgiu
come up
3. Shes ________________________ with a brilliant idea to double
her income.
2. the researchers have come up with a possible solution:
got away from
4. The convict murderer _________________________________ a
high security prison. os pesquisadores sugeriram uma possvel soluo:
auctioned off
5. Those paintings will be _________________________next week.
3. to auction off a fixed number
off the
6. Travel to Mongolia if you really want to travel _______________ leiloar um nmero fixo
beaten track
___________________________.
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TEXT COMPREHENSION II. Answer in Portuguese.

1. Qual a proposta dos pesquisadores da Universidade de Maastricht
I. T (true) or F (false)?
a) Antarctica is a good place for tourists who want to T / F para combater o efeito negativo da presena de turistas que vo ao
avoid the crowds. Polo Sul?
b) You cannot go to Antarctica without lots of big T / F Limitar seu nmero e leiloar um nmero fixo de locais queles turistas
pockets.
que derem o melhor lance.
c) More and more people are going to Antarctica every T / F
year.
d) A major global tour company will soon buy T / F
Antarctica at an auction.
e) There are many more unspoiled places left on Earth. T / F
f) Antarctica became a country more than two hundred T / F 2. Qual a consequncia de a Antrtica no ser um pas?
years ago.
T / F A Antrtica no tem um governo para aprovar leis ou orientaes para
g) There is no government in Antarctica to make laws.
h) Money from auctioning tourist places might help T / F controlar o nmero de visitantes.
Antarcticas future.
RESOLUO:
a) T b) F c) T d) F e) F f) F g) T h) T
ANOTAES
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470
MDULO 13
TEXT
UNESCO TO THE RESCUE

In 1959, the government of
Egypt was working on a plan
to build a dam on the River
Nile. It was called the Aswan
Dam, and it was intended to
generate electricity and allow
the river water to be used for
agriculture. There was one big
problem with the plan, though.
The dam would flood a nearby
valley that contained ancient
Egyptian treasures, including
two enormous stone temples.
It can be difficult for governments to choose culture and history over economics. However, if
countries always made decisions like this, the majority of the world's ancient sites would end up
being destroyed. Luckily, UNESCO stepped in. They formed a committee that tried to convince
Egypt to protect its ancient treasures. With support from many countries, they were finally
successful. The huge temples were carefully removed from their original site and moved to a safe
location so that the dam could be built.
UNESCO is an agency of the United Nations. The United Nations is a partnership between
countries from all over the world. They are joined to help promote world peace, enforce human
rights, and help countries develop. UNESCO is a part of the United Nations that is concerned
with science and culture.
After their success in saving the temples in Egypt, UNESCO went on to save more sites around
the world. They protected lagoons in Venice, ruins in Pakistan, and temples in Indonesia. With
industrialization changing the world rapidly, there were many sites that needed to be saved.
Eventually, UNESCO formed the World Heritage Organization to protect important natural and
historic sites wherever it was necessary.
By now, the World Heritage Organization has protected hundreds of sites ranging from
beautiful natural islands to buildings in large cities to ancient ruins. If you're able to visit any of
the many protected sites, you'll agree it was worth it.
(www.englishdaily.com)
471
VOCABULARY need
1. Contact us if you __________________ our advice.
I. Rescue is the recovery or preservation from danger.
Translate the following sentences: to develop
2. The company is spending millions of dollars ________________
After the rescue, the climber was taken to hospital. new products.
Depois do resgate, o alpinista foi levado ao hospital. to allow
3. Prisoners have been moved ___________________ the demolition
of part of the prison.
Helicopters rescued 20 people from the fire.
agreed
4. All the members of the jury _________________ that he is guilty.
Helicpteros resgataram 20 pessoas do incndio.
changed
5. Life has ___________________ a lot this year new job, different
II. Write the Simple Past and Past Participle of the following verbs city, new boyfriend.
and translate them. destroyed
6. Most of the old part of the city was ________________________
Infinitive Simple Past Past Participle Translation by bombs during the war.
1. to build built built construir
2. to choose chose chosen escolher VI. Translate the meanings of the underlined expressions:
1. A dam is a barrier of concrete built across a river to control the
3. to make made made tomar flow of water.
(decisions)
continuar, represa, barragem
* dam = ___________________________________
4. to go on went on gone on prosseguir
2. Our washing machine broke down yesterday and flooded the

kitchen.
III. Match the columns: alagar
* to flood = ________________________________
1. nearby 1 e a) bem sucedido
2. ancient 2 f b) paz 3. Why didnt the U.S. step earlier in WWII?

intervir, envolver-se em
* to step in = _______________________________
3. treasure 3 i c) pedra
4. stone 4 c d) seguro 4. If you cant beat them, join them.
5. successful 5 a e) prximo, vizinho juntar-se a, aliar-se a

* to join = _________________________________
6. huge 6 j f) antigo 5. It isnt always easy for the police to enforce speed limits.
7. safe 7 d g) direitos impor
* to enforce = ______________________________
8. peace 8 b h) ilha
6. Ive been very concerned about the situation.
9. rights 9 g i) tesouro
preocupado, envolvido
* concerned = ______________________________
10. island 10 h j) enorme
7. Old churches are part of our cultural heritage.

IV. Do you remember the translation of the following adverbs? herana
* heritage = ________________________________
felizmente
1. luckily = ___________________________________ 8. They explored several Roman ruins.
cuidadosamente runa
* ruin = ___________________________________
2. carefully = __________________________________
rapidamente
3. rapidly = ___________________________________ 9. Temperatures in summer range from 20 to 35 degrees.
variar
* to range = ________________________________
V. Complete the following sentences with verbs from the chart:
10. It was a long climb to the top of the hill, but the view from the top
to allow to destroy to develop was worth it.
to change to need to agree
valer a pena
* to be worth = _____________________________
472
TEXT COMPREHENSION
VII. EVENTUALLY is a false friend
1. Why did UNESCO get involved in Egypt ?
1. Try to understand the meaning of eventually in the folowing
a) Egypt was planning to build a dam that would harm ancient
sentences:
temples.
a) His activities eventually led him into politics.
b) Egypt was planning to build a valley for agriculture and electricity.
b) Eventually she decided she didnt want to marry him.
c) Egypt was planning to create a dam right on top of an ancient
finalmente, por fim, no final
* eventually = __________________________________ temple.
d) When the dam flooded a valley, several treasures were discovered.
2. Write two synonyms for eventually. e) Egyptian governments aim was to destroy two stone temples.
RESOLUO: Resposta: A
finally, at last
2. What is meant by the first sentence of the second paragraph?

VIII. Combine the verbs in column A with their synonyms in column B:
a) Most governments prefer to sell their treasures.
1. to allow 1 f a) to inundate
b) Money sometimes seems more important than all other things.
2. to flood 2 a b) to vary c) Governments are never able to consider two things at once.
3. to step in 3 c c) to intervene d) Governments usually don't know anything about their culture.
4. to join 4 e d) can e) Governments are never concerned with culture.
5. to go on 5 g e) to become allied RESOLUO: Resposta: B
6. to range 6 b f) to permit
7. to be able to 7 d g) to continue
3. The United Nations would probably not be involved in ________
a) helping a poor country improve its agriculture.
IX. Translate the following excerpts from the text, paying attention to the b) trying to solve a violent conflict between two nations.
underlined expressions. c) developing a new spacecraft for travel to the moon.
1. There was a big problem with the plan, though. d) protesting against the killing of the tribes people of a country.
e) rescuing ancient treasures.
Contudo, havia um grande problema com o plano. RESOLUO: Resposta: C
2. Luckily, UNESCO stepped in.

4. Why is the World Heritage Organization more important now than
Felizmente, a UNESCO interveio.
it would have been 200 years ago?
a) Countries didn't cooperate in the past.
b) Cities were smaller back then.
3. If youre able to visit any of the many protected sites, youll agree
c) There were not as many interesting sites 200 years ago.
it was worth it.
d) Modern business and production are changing the world.
Se voc puder visitar qualquer um dos locais protegidos, voc concordar e) Ancient temples were considered useless.
RESOLUO: Resposta: D
que valeu a pena.
473
MDULO 14
GRAMMAR GERUND AND INFINITIVE
GERUND No trespassing!
Observe os exemplos. INFINITIVE TO + VERBO

Sally is dancing. (= danando Present Participle)
Sally is fond of dancing. (= danar Gerund) aps numerais ordinais
He was the first to answer the teachers question.

GERUND VERBO + ING |
Usos Jane was the second to arrive.
sujeito de orao |
Painting is my favorite pastime.
Smoking is not permitted anywhere in this school. com too e enough
aps preposies
This flat is too expensive for me to buy.
He had cooked food enough to feed an army!
He left the restaurant without paying the bill.
|
aps o verbo want
She insists on talking to the boss.
| I want you to translate the text.
|
aps certos verbos
Would you mind closing the door? She wants me to take her to the station.
| |
aps os verbos make, let e have (sem to)
He avoided answering my question. This makes me feel sick.
| |
Alguns dos principais verbos seguidos por gerndio Let me know if you need any help.
|
so:
ADMIT, AVOID, DENY, DISLIKE, ENJOY, FINISH,
Sally had her landlord fix the fence.
KEEP, MIND, MISS, QUIT, RESIST, RISK |
aps certas expresses idiomticas: aps o verbo help (com ou sem to)
His latest novel is worth reading. She helped him (to) choose a new tie.
| |
Its no use complaining about the bad weather. Observaes:
|
1. Certos verbos admitem o gerund ou infinitive sem
alterao de sentido.
Expresses idiomticas seguidas por gerndio: TO BE
WORTH, TO BE USED TO, ITS NO GOOD, ITS It started snowing. It started to snow.
NO USE, ITS USELESS, TO LOOK FORWARD | |
TO, CANT STAND, CANT HELP
He began reading the book. He began to read the book.
aps o verbo GO, expressando atividades | |
recreativas.
The boys went hiking on their vacation. 2. O verbo STOP admite tanto o gerund quanto o infinitive
| com alterao de sentido.
How often do you go window shopping? He stopped smoking. He stopped to smoke.
| | |
proibies curtas (= Ele parou de fumar.) (= Ele parou para fumar.)
No smoking in this area!
474
A) Complete the sentences by using the gerund or infinitive form of 5. Most parents want their kids ____________ happy.
the verbs. a) be
going
b) being
1. The rainy weather prevented them from _____________ (go) to
c) to be
the beach.
d) to being
e) having been
2. shouting
Stop ________________ (shout)! Youre giving me a headache. RESOLUO: Resposta: C
3. marrying
He is intent on __________________ (marry) her next summer.
4. to pick up
My mother asked me _____________________ (pick up) some 6. Would you mind ______________ the radio down a little? Im
apples on my way from school. not used to _____________ in such noisy places.
a) to turn work
5. to ride
Jane is not old enough _________________ (ride) on the bus by b) turning work
herself. c) turn working
d) turning working
6. losing
My father was angry about my _______________ (lose) my new e) turn work
watch. RESOLUO: Resposta: D
7. driving
We are not used to __________________ (drive) on the left side
of the road.
7. On his way home, he stopped ___________ some flowers. It was
his wifes birthday.
B) Circle the correct alternative.
a) buying
1. Are you going to let me ________________ that last cookie?
b) buy
a) eating
c) having bought
b) eat
c) to eat d) to buy
d) to eating e) to buying
e) b and c are correct RESOLUO: Resposta: D
RESOLUO: Resposta: B
8. Were looking forward to ______________ from you soon.

2. _________ the needy makes me _______ a whole human being. a) hear
a) To help to feel b) listening
b) Helping feeling c) hearing
c) Helping feel d) listen
d) Helping to feel e) listenning
e) To help feel RESOLUO: Resposta: C
RESOLUO: Resposta: C
9. Its useless ________________ about the situation.

3. I cant stand ____________ my spare time ____________ T.V.
a) complain
a) spending to watch
b) to complaining
b) spending watch
c) about complaining
c) to spend to watch
d) complaining
d) spend watch
e) to complain
e) spending watching RESOLUO: Resposta: D
RESOLUO: Resposta: E
4. I finally finished _______________ at 8 p.m. and served dinner. 10. She doesnt feel like ________________ tonight.
a) cooking a) dine out
b) being cooked b) to dine out
c) cook c) go to dine out
d) to cooking d) dining out
e) to cook e) to dining out
RESOLUO: Resposta: A RESOLUO: Resposta: D
475
MDULO 15
TEXT
WHAT IS GLOBAL WARMING?

Global Warming is defined as the increase of the average temperature on Earth. As the Earth is
getting hotter, disasters like hurricanes, droughts and floods are
getting more frequent.
Over the last 100 years, the average temperature of the air near the Earths
surface has risen a little less than 1 Celsius. Does it not seem all that much? It is
responsible for the conspicuous increase in storms, floods and raging forest fires we
have seen in the last ten years, though, say scientists.
Their data show that an increase of one degree Celsius makes the Earth warmer
now than it has been for at least a thousand years. Out of the 20 warmest years
on record, 19 have occurred since 1980. The three hottest years ever observed
have all occurred in the last ten years.
Earth should be in cool-down-period
But it is not only about how much the Earth is warming, it is also about how fast it is warming. There have always
been natural climate changes Ice Ages and the warm intermediate times between them but those evolved over
periods of 50,000 to 100,000 years.
A temperature rise as fast as the one we have seen over the last 30 years has never happened before, as far as
scientists can ascertain. Moreover, normally the Earth should now be in a cool-down-period, according to natural effects
like solar cycles and volcano activity, not in a heating-up phase.
What is more, climate change wont be a smooth transition to a warmer world, warns the Tipping Points Report by
Allianz and WWF. Twelve regions around the world will be especially affected by abrupt changes, among them the North
Pole, the Amazon rainforest, and California.
All these facts lead scientists to infer that the global warming we now experience is not a natural occurrence and that
it is not brought on by natural causes. Man is responsible, they say. What did we do? Read more about the man-made
causes and impacts of global warming in our next articles.
(http://knowledge.allianz.com)
Now, complete the following sentences.

VOCABULARY
drought
1. The reservoir dried completely during the __________________.
I. NATURAL DISASTERS
Combine the following expressions with their explanations below and hurricane
2. The state of Florida was hit by a ____________________ that did
translate them. serious damage.
1. hurricane ( C ) = ___________________________________
furaco
floods
3. The rain has caused many _____________________ in the region.
2. drought ( A ) = ___________________________________
seca
II. Write the opposites of:
3. flood ( B ) = ___________________________________
inundao decrease
1. increase _____________________________________________
2. hotter colder
_____________________________________________
a) a long period of abnormally low rainfall; a long period of lack of
rain. cooler
3. warmer ____________________________________________
b) the inundation of land that is normally dry.
c) a severe, often destructive storm; a tropical cyclone. 4. fast slowly
____________________________________________
476
III. Match the columns. Now, complete the sentences with the expressions studied in the
previous vocabulary.
1. average 1 e a) pelo menos
2. like 2 h b) levar a brought on
1. The earthquake _______________________________ a tsunami.
3. surface 3 c c) superfcie
4. to seem 4 j d) clima conspicuous
2. Her blond hair has made her ___________________ in the crowd.
5. fire 5 f e) mdia
evolved
3. Man __________________________ from the apes.
6. at least 6 a f) incndio
7. ever 7 g g) j
As far as
4. __________________________ Im concerned, she can move to
8. climate 8 d h) como
the flat tomorrow.
9. to warn 9 i i) alertar
10.to lead to 10 b j) parecer raging
5. We got caught in a ________________________ storm.
to ascertain
6. The police have been unable ____________________________ the
IV. THOUGH cause of the explosion.
Though, underlined in the 2nd paragraph of the text is a synonym for smooth
7. We had a very ______________________ flight with no turbulence
however
at all.
_____________________________.
V. DATA is a plural noun. Its singular form is datum. VII. Put the verbs from the chart in the right column:
Write the plural form of these nouns.
to decrease to skyrocket to go down to increase
phenomena
1. phenomenon _________________________________________ to lower to soar to plummet to rise
bases
2. basis ________
________________________________________ to go up to diminish to dive to lift to fall
to grow to drop to plunge
crises
3. crisis _______________________________________________
children ________________________________________
4. child ________
UP DOWN
geese
5. goose _______________________
_________________________
to skyrocket to decrease
_mice ________________________________________
6. mouse _______
to increase to go down
_women ________________________________________
7. woman _______
to soar to lower
_lice ___________________________________
8. louse (piolho) _______
to rise to plummet
_dice _______________________________
9. die (dado de jogo) _______ to go up to diminish
_oxen
10.ox (boi) ____________
__________________________________ to lift to dive
to grow to fall
VI. Combine the following expressions with their meanings below: to drop
1. conspicuous ( E)
to plunge
2. raging ( F )
3. to evolve ( B)
4. as far as ( G) VIII. Translate the following excerpts from the text.
5. to ascertain (C )
6. smooth ( A) 1. There have always been natural climate changes Ice Ages and the
warm intermediate times between them
7. to bring on ( D)
Sempre houve mudanas climticas naturais Idades do Gelo e as fases
a) without any sudden changes
b) to develop gradually quentes intermedirias entre elas
c) to discover with certainty
d) to cause
e) easy to notice; obvious, visible
f) violent, furious
g) in ones opinion
477
2. climate change wont be a smooth transition to a warmer 3. De acordo com o texto, em que perodo a Terra deveria estar
world atualmente?
a mudana climtica no ser uma transio tranquila para um mundo Num perodo de esfriamento.
mais quente
4. Por que o texto menciona o Polo Norte, a Floresta Tropical

Amaznica e a Califrnia?
Porque essas regies esto entre as doze regies do globo que sero mais
TEXT COMPREHENSION
afetadas por mudanas climticas abruptas.
Answer in Portuguese.
1. O que resultou do aumento de 1 Celsius na temperatura da Terra?
O visvel aumento de tempestades, furaces e incndios florestais violentos
nos ltimos dez anos.
5. A que concluso chegaram os cientistas?
Os cientistas chegaram concluso de que o aquecimento global pelo qual
estamos passando no provocado por causas naturais e sim pelo homem.

2. De acordo com os cientistas, o que nunca ocorreu anteriormente
em relao ao aquecimento da Terra?
Um aumento to rpido da temperatura.
ANOTAES
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478
MDULO 16
TEXT
CHILD LABOUR
Child workers, some as young as 10, have been found working in a textile factory in conditions described
as close to slavery to produce clothes that appear destined for one of the major high street retailers.
Speaking to a British newspaper, the children described long hours of unpaid work and threats and beatings.
The company said it was unaware that clothing intended for its stores had been improperly outsourced to a
sweatshop that used child labour. It announced it had withdrawn the garments involved until it had investigated
the alleged breaches of the ethical code it imposed on manufacturers three years ago.
The discovery of these children working in very bad conditions in the Shahpur Jat area of Delhi has renewed
concerns about the outsourcing by some large retail chains of their garment production to India, recognised
by the United Nations as one of the world's hotspots for child labour. According to one estimate, over 20 per
cent of India's economy is dependent on children, which comes to a total of 55 million youngsters under 14
working.
Consumers in the West should not only be demanding answers from retailers about how their goods are
produced but also should be looking into their consciences at how they spend their money and whether cheap
prices in the West are worth the suffering caused to so many children.
(www.usingenglish.com)
VOCABULARY Now, translate the title of the text.
Trabalho Infantil
I. LABOUR
Translate the different meanings of labour in the following sentences.

II. Match the columns.
1. Theres so much labour involved in redecorating a house.
1. workers 1 f a) cdigo
trabalho
* labour = ____________________________________ 2. factory 2 b b) fbrica
3. major 3 d c) consumidores
2. She went into labour at midnight and her baby was born at 6 a.m 4. clothing 4 h d) importantes
5. code 5 a e) cadeias
trabalho de parto
* labour = ____________________________________
6. chains 6 e f) trabalhadores
7. consumers 7 c g) baratos
3. The car manufacturers are planning to cut their labour force by half.
8. cheap 8 g h) roupa, vesturio
mo de obra
* labour force = _______________________________
_
III. Combine the following expressions with their definitions as
4. He was kept as a prisoner in a labour camp. follows:
1. high street (d)
campo de concentrao 2. retailer ( g)
* labour camp = _______________________________
_
3. to outsource ( e )
4. sweatshop ( h)
5. She was exhausted shed been labouring in the garden for hours. 5. garment ( b)
6. breach (c)
trabalhar
* to labour = __________________________________
_ 7. hotspot ( a)
8. goods (f)
479
a) a place where war or fighting is likely to happen V. Translate the underlined words and/or expressions.
b) clothing 1. Slavery was abolished in Brazil in 1888.
c) the act of breaking a law or agreement
escravido
* slavery = ________________________________
d) the road with the most important shops and businesses in a town
e) to sub-contract services
f) merchandise; movable possessions 2. Drunken drivers are a serious threat to road users.
g) a person or business who sells merchandise to the public ameaa
* threat = __________________________________
h) a small factory where workers are paid very little and work many
hours in very bad conditions
3. She gave her son a severe beating as a punishment.
Now, complete the following sentences with the vocabulary studied surra
* beating = _________________________________
above.
Retailers
1. ___________________________ must be sensitive to the needs of 4. She was unaware of the illegal activities of her husband.
their customers.
no ciente
* unaware = ________________________________
high
2. I see theres a new Italian restaurant opening on the ____________
5. 11,000.000 bottles of water had to be withdrawn from sale due to
________________.
street health scare.
retirar
* to withdraw = ______________________________
hotspot
3. The border between Iraq and Iran is a ______________________.
garment
6. The companys main concern is to ensure the safety of its
4. He was wearing a strange purple __________________________.
employees.
preocupao
* concern = __________________________________
goods
5. Theres a 25% discount on all electrical _____________________.
breach
6. His refusal to work on a Sunday was a _______________________ 7. They are demanding higher pay and better conditions of work.
of contract. exigir
* to demand = ________________________________
sweatshop
7. She works hard in a _________________________ and gets a very
low salary. 8. He didnt think the television was worth repairing.
8. As its impossible for us to buy new machinery, the only way out is valer, valer a pena
* was worth = _______________________________
to outsource
_________________________.
VI. Give the opposites of

IV. Combine the words in column A with their synonyms in column B
1. young old
________________________________________
A B 2. close to far from
________________________________________
3. long short __________________________
_______________
1. close to 1 g a) if
4. unaware aware
________________________________________
2. clothes 2 f b) more than 5. large small

________________________________________
to save
6. to spend ($) ________________________________________
3. high street 3 h c) shop 7. cheap expensive
_________________________________________
8. many few
____________________________________
_____
4. store 4 c d) young person
VII. Translate the following excerpts from the text.

5. over 5 b e) ought to
1. , the children described long hours of unpaid work and threats
and beatings.
6. youngster 6 d f) garment
, as crianas descreveram longas horas de trabalho no pago e
7. should 7 e g) similar to ameaas e surras.
8. whether 8 a h) main street
480
2. , recognized by the United Nations as one of the worlds 2. In

hotspots for child labour. at how they spend their money,
the underlined word refers to:
, reconhecida pelas Naes Unidas como uma das reas de tenso do
a) goods b) retailers c) consumers
mundo em relao ao trabalho infantil. d) children e) westerners
Answer in Portuguese.
3. and whether cheap prices in the west are worth the suffering
3. Alm de exigir respostas a respeito de como os produtos so
caused
manufaturados, o que devem fazer os consumidores do Ocidente?
e se os preos baratos no Ocidente valem o sofrimento causado
Esses consumidores devem se perguntar se os preos baixos encontrados no
Ocidente valem o sofrimento causado a muitas crianas indianas.
TEXT COMPREHENSION
1. According to the text, 4. A que se refere 55 million youngsters no texto?

a) children working in the Shahpur Jat area of Delhi are concerned
about Indias retail shops. Refere-se ao nmero de jovens abaixo de 14 anos que trabalham na ndia.
b) the textile company pays high wages to Indian workers.
c) the textile company manufactures its own products.
d) the company has imposed an ethical code on manufacturers.
e) goods produced abroad are likely to be more costly.
RESOLUO: Resposta: D
ANOTAES
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481
MDULO 17
TEXT
LONDON FOR LEARNERS

We relaunch our series of audio guides for business travellers
What does a business visitor to London need to know about
the city? If remotely possible, avoid the airports and arrive by
train, stay in one of the lesser-known hotels and dont discuss sex
at the dinner table.
A new audio guide, which you can download from our
website, takes travellers through the pitfalls of London life by
explaining the right etiquette both for meetings and for pubs, and
showing how to earn the approval of British counterparts. Hold
off on the wine at lunch, shop for souvenirs at Fortnum & Mason,
and if you do have to use Heathrow airport, consider taking the
Underground. If youre delayed, youll be able to curse the
transport like any good Londoner. City guides
This is the first of 32 new guides to doing business in cities around the world that we will be rolling out over the next
20 months, to update our existing set. Negotiating airports, getting around town, choosing hotels and restaurants,
selecting souvenirs, filling time between meetings, and workingand indeed playingwith the locals are all covered.
To listen to the guide visit:
Economist.com/audiovideo/doingbusiness
VOCABULARY b) Translate the word GUIDE in the sentence below.

The first thing you should do when you arrive in New York is to
I. Translate the title of the text.
buy a guide.
Londres para aprendizes * guia
Now translate.
II. a) Translate the verb LAUNCH in the following sentence. We relaunch our series of audio guides for business travellers.
The company will launch a new line of shampoos next month.
Ns relanamos nossa srie de guias com audio para viajantes a negcios.
* lanar
III. Match the columns.
{
The verb LAUNCH may be used as follows
a new product in the market 1. to avoid 1 d a) na verdade, de fato
a rocket 2. to stay 2 f b) como
a new ship
to launch 3. lesser-known 3 h c) tanto quanto
a space shuttle
a program 4. both and 4 c d) evitar
a career 5. to shop 5 e e) fazer compras
What is the meaning of the verb RELAUNCH? 6. like 6 b f) ficar

7. to choose 7 g g) escolher
* relanar 8. indeed 8 a h) menos conhecido(s)
482
IV. Pay attention to the use of AVOID
{
lookING at her resistir, evitar
3. to hold off = ___________________________________________
He avoids goING shopping on Saturdays Hold off on alcoholic beverages in the presence of children.
atrasar, retardar
4. to delay = _____________________________________________
gerund
As youve seen AVOID is followed by a ______________ (-ING form) The start of the meeting was delayed by five minutes.
Write in English. xingar, amaldioar

5. to curse = _____________________________________________
1. Evite comer comida gordurosa. prejudicial a sua sade. He cursed violently when he fell and broke his leg.
Avoid eating fatty food. Its harmful to your health.
lanar
6. to roll out = ___________________________________________
The company rolled out its acquisition plans last week.
2. Ele evitou responder minha pergunta.

atualizar
7. to update = ____________________________________________
He avoided answering my question. The site of the company will be updated over the next 10 days.
3. Evite tomar banho de sol entre 10 e 15 horas. VIII. DONT CONFOUND

Avoid sunbathing between 10 am and 3 pm.
preencher
a) to fill, filled, filled = ___________________________________
b) to feel, felt, felt = sentir

___________________________________
bar
V. The word PUB comes from public house and means ___________
cair
c) to fall, fell, fallen = ___________________________________
bar
in British English. In American English we say ______________.
derrubar, abater
d) to fell, felled, felled = __________________________________
VI. TO EARN
Complete the sentences with the verbs seen above.
Translate the following sentences.
a) How much do you earn a year? fell
1. You _________________________ a tree when you cut it down.
Quanto voc ganha por ano?
fallen
2. One of the chicks had _______________________ out of the nest.
b) Coffee exports earn Brazil many millions of dollars a year.
filled
3. When it rained we ________________________ the time reading
As exportaes de caf arrecadam para o Brasil muitos milhes de dlares
and chatting.
por ano.
feeling
4. Are you ______________________ cold?
c) He earns his living from his paintings.

IX. Match the expressions in column A with their synonyms in column
Ele ganha a vida com suas pinturas. B.
1. to avoid 1 d a) bar
d) Shes earned approval from the board.
Ela recebeu aprovao do conselho. 2. pitfall 2 b b) difficulty
3. pub 3 a c) of course
VII. Translate the underlined words and/or expressions.
4. underground 4 f d) stay away from
armadilha, dificuldade
1. pitfall = ______________________________________________
This book helps students overcome some of the pitfalls in English 5. to curse 5 e e) to swear
vocabulary.
6. to delay 6 h f) subway
pessoa que tem uma posio ou funo correspondente
2. counterpart = __________________________________________
a sua em outro lugar, equivalente. 7. to roll out 7 g g) to launch
__________________________________________
The American president will meet his European counterparts to 8. indeed 8 c h) to retard
discuss the war against drugs.
483
X. Translate the following excerpt from the text: d) Sempre que possvel viaje de trem.
If youre delayed, youll be able to curse the transport like any good e) No discuta sexo na hora do jantar.
Londoner. RESOLUO: Resposta: C
Se voc se atrasar, voc poder amaldioar o transporte como qualquer

2. De acordo com o texto,
bom londrino.
a) o novo guia pode ser adquirido nos aeroportos de Londres.
b) o londrino raramente reclama do congestionamento no trnsito.
c) 31 novos guias sero lanados num prazo de 20 meses.
d) h aproximadamente 32 guias sobre a cidade de Londres.
TEXT COMPREHENSION e) o guia mencionado no texto dirigido a turistas em geral.
1. Qual das seguintes sugestes NO dada pelo novo guia queles

que viajam para Londres? 3. Something that you keep to remind you of a place is
a) Hospede-se em hotis menos conhecidos. a) a guide. b) a pitfall. c) a curse.
b) Use o metr. d) a souvenir. e) an update.
c) Nunca tome bebidas alcolicas em pblico. RESOLUO: Resposta: D
ANOTAES
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484
MDULO 18
GRAMMAR MODALS ANOMALOUS VERBS
MODALS ANOMALOUS VERBS IV. SHOULD, OUGHT TO, HAD BETTER

I. CAN conselho
a) capacidade, habilidade
She can speak five languages. (present)
She could play tennis when she was younger.
You
{
should
ought to
had better
} study more.
(past)
She will be able to translate the text. (future) V. WOULD RATHER
b) permisso preferncia
You can use my car. I would rather stay home than go to the movies.
She can sit anywhere.
VI. BE SUPPOSED TO
II. MAY
expectativa
a) permisso (formal) Classes are supposed to begin at 7:00.
May I leave the room, Miss Jones? The children are supposed to put away their
You may sit down.
toys.
b) possibilidade
There are a lot of clouds. It may rain soon. VII. USED TO / BE USED TO
It might get cold.
a) hbito passado
c) May + sujeito + infinitive usado quando She used to spend her holidays at the seaside.
queremos desejar algo a algum.
May all your dreams come true! b) hbito presente
She is used to spending her holidays at the
seaside.
III. MUST = HAVE TO Observao
Usamos MAY HAVE, MIGHT HAVE, COULD
obrigao ou forte necessidade HAVE, SHOULD HAVE, OUGHT TO HAVE e MUST
must HAVE + past participle para indicar especulaes e
You
{ have to } stop completely at a stop sign. (present) suposies sobre o passado.
As he was sick, he had to stay at home the whole

week. (past)
She
{ may have been
might have been

} at the library.
Ill have to drive home tomorrow. (future)

You could have talked to your boss.
negativas
You
{ dont need to
dont have to
} sit here. (ausncia de necessidade)
She
{ should have studied
ought to have studied

} harder.
You mustnt sit here. (proibio) It must have rained a lot.
485
A) COMPLETE EACH SENTENCE WITH A MODAL

AUXILIARY VERB. IN SOME CASES, MORE THAN ONE dont have to / dont need to
11. Tomorrow is a holiday. We _____________________________
VERB CAN BE USED. (ausncia de necessidade) go to school.
1. may
The weather forecast says it ___________________________ May / Can
12. _______________________ (permisso) I see your passport?
(possibilidade) snow soon.
must / have to
13. All drivers ________________________________ (obrigao)
2. is supposed to ____________ (expectativa)
The bride _____________________ buckle up.
wear white.
is used to
14. My grandfather ________________________ (hbito presente)
taking a nap after lunch.
3. May
___________________ (desejo) the best team win!
must
15. The kids _________________ (deduo) be hungry. As soon as
they got home, they went straight to the fridge.
4. mustnt
You ____________________ (proibio) take off your seat belt
while the plane is moving.
B) COMPLETE EACH SENTENCE WITH THE APPROPRIATE

FORM OF A MODAL AUXILIARY.
5. doesnt have to / doesnt need to
He ________________________________________________
(ausncia de necessidade) turn here. He can turn at the next
1. John got drunk at the party. You _________________________
intersection.
shouldnt (oughtnt to) have invited

_________________________________________ (invite) him.
6. would rather
I ________________________________ (preferncia) read the
book than see the film. 2. When I arrived at the office she wasnt there. She ___________
must have left

___________________________ (leave) earlier.
7. will be able to
John _______________________________ (capacidade) speak
English fluently after spending 6 months in London.
3. could have been
We were robbed last night, but it _________________________
_________________ (be) worse. At least we werent kidnapped.

8. used to
The Smiths ______________________ (hbito passado) travel
to Europe every other year.
4. may (must) have

How did the fire start? Someone ______________________
9. must
The teacher wears something blue every day. She ___________
dropped
_____________________________ (drop) a cigarette.
(deduo) like blue.
5. When we got to the restaurant there were no free tables. We

should / ought to / had better
10. Drivers ____________________________________________
(conselho) obey the speed limit. should (ought to) have reserved
_____________________________________ (reserve) a table.
486
(FUVEST) 3. What did the writers friend find when she was able to check her
e-mail, according to the passage?
a) Unimportant messages. b) The writers message.
c) An invitation to dinner. d) No message at all.
e) Her uncles message.
4. According to the passage, the writer's friend

a) was flown to Panama because the cruise ship had made her feel
sick.
b) regretted having chartered a helicopter, after she checked her e-
mail in the caf.
c) left the cruise ship on a helicopter sent by her uncle to check her
e-mail in the nearest Internet caf.
d) was offered a helicopter to take her to Panama when her cruise
ship was stuck.
e) was glad she had left the cruise ship on a helicopter to check her
e-mail in the caf.
(UNESP) Leia o texto a seguir para responder s questes de nme-

I USED TO THINK I COULD quit checking my e-mail any ros 5 a 7.
time I wanted to, but I stopped kidding myself years ago. My
The Most Precious Curse
e-mail program is up and running 24 hours a day, and once I
By Erin Prelypchan
submit to its siren call, whole hours can
For Wensley and Lilian Hidalgo, the choice was clear. The
5 go missing. I have a friend who recently found herself stuck on
devout Roman Catholic couple living in the misty northern
a cruise ship near Panama that didn't offer e-mail, so she Philippine city of La Trindad couldnt afford to have a third child.
chartered a helicopter to take her to the nearest Internet caf. No more children! Lifes too hard now, says 40-year old Lilian
There was nothing in her queue but junk mail and other spam, laughing, bundled in sweaters against the chill. I first heard about
but she thought the trip was the necklace from a midwife in our neighborhood. It seemed
10 worth it. simple and natural, so we decided to try it. What she and her
I know how she felt. You never know when you're going husband decided to experiment with is a relatively recent idea in
to get that note from Uncle Eric about your inheritance. Or population control the standard days or necklace method.
that White House dinner invitation with a time-sensitive Women use color-coded beads on a necklace to determine when
its safe to have sex without getting pregnant. Beads for the fertile
R.S.V.P.
days of the month glow in the dark, giving couples no excuses for
(TIME) missing the point in an unlit bedroom. At first the husbands were
hesitant, especially about the middle part of the necklace. It was
too long, they said, 12 days without sex, says midwife Virginia
1. The passage tells us that the writer
Rivera, referring to the white beads that indicate the unsafe days
a) believes its about time he stopped thinking he can break the e-
for sex. But many of the husbands got used to it.
mail habit any time.
(Newsweek)
b) is fully aware that he's a compulsive e-mail checker.
c) used to think only kids wasted whole hours checking their e-
mail.
d) didn't think it would take him years to break the e-mail habit. 5. Assinale a alternativa que indica a ideia principal do texto.
e) thinks that once he's able to stay away from his e-mail for 24 a) O uso de cdigos para o controle populacional nas Filipinas. Os
hours, he'll get rid of his addiction. cdigos mudam de cor no escuro.
b) Nas Filipinas, mulheres de 40 anos no querem ter mais filhos por
causa do frio. O controle populacional necessrio nesse pas.
2. Choose the correct translation for ...whole hours can go c) O uso de um colar de contas por mulheres filipinas que no que-
missing. (lines 4 - 5) rem mais engravidar. Essas contas brilham no escuro e avisam
a) no sinto falta das horas perdidas. quando a mulher est no perodo frtil.
b) vale a pena desperdiar vrias horas. d) Uma ideia recente de controle populacional proposta por maridos
c) sou capaz de perder horas inteiras. filipinos que no queriam ficar 12 dias sem sexo.
d) posso perder totalmente a noo das horas. e) Um mtodo contraceptivo simples e natural que s pode ser usado
e) no me importo em ficar at altas horas. no escuro e que assusta os maridos quando acende.
487
6. Nas frases I first heard about the necklace from a midwife in our 8.
neighborhood. It seemed simple and natural, so we decided to try a) O que vem a ser Roz?
it, os pronomes pessoais I, it e we referem-se, respectivamente, a b) De que modo Elle participou da criao de Roz?
a) midwife, La Trindad, children. c) Por que, de acordo com o texto, as foras conservadoras do Afe-
b) midwife, the necklace, children. ganisto ainda no precisam se preocupar com Roz?
c) midwife, the necklace, Lilian and her husband.

9. Roz oferece conselhos sobre alguns temas. Que temas so esses?
d) Lilian, La Trindad, children.
e) Lilian, the necklace, Lilian and her husband. 10.
a) O que so Pushtu e Dari?
7. A concluso do texto em relao ao assunto a de que b) Por que Roz no deve atingir um grande pblico?
a) embora os maridos tenham ficado hesitantes quanto ao mtodo no c) Mesmo no atingindo um grande pblico, Laiorna Ahmadi justifica
princpio, muitos deles acabaram se acostumando com ele. a existncia de Roz. Qual o argumento utilizado pela jornalista
b) o perodo de 12 dias sem sexo no era respeitado, pois a opinio da afeg?
parteira no era considerada pelos homens.
c) o mtodo era pouco eficiente na opinio dos maridos, pois muitas
mulheres acabaram engravidando. Chemistr y of a killer: Is it in brain?
d) o perodo sem sexo era muito longo e muitos maridos procuravam
outras mulheres, mas no se sentiam satisfeitos. By Anita Manning
e) as contas brancas eram difceis de serem identificadas no princpio, 1 What makes one out-of-control teenager grow up to
mas no final os maridos se acostumaram. live a normal life while another turns to murder?
A growing body of research suggests the answer
4 may lie in a part of the brain that controls planning,
A new magazine reasoning and impulse control. Studies are revealing
For the modern Women of Kabul physiological differences between the brains of normal
Not a bikini in sight people and those of people who kill.
8 There is clearly a biological predisposition to
The women of Afghanistan now have their own magazine, violence, says psychologist Adrian Raine of the University
of Southern California. We know there are murderers
backed by Elle, a stylish French publication. But the more
who dont have the usual signs a history of child abuse,
conservative forces in the country need not worry, at least not 12 poverty, domestic violence, broken homes and yet
yet. The 36-page monthly does not feature the latest bikini they commit violence.
collection or tips on liposuction. The magazine, called Roz (the Research suggests the cause may lie internally, in
Day), is printed in black and white, the best that Afghan terms of abnormal biological functioning.
Raine led studies comparing the brains of 41
technology can provide at the moment. The articles, in Pushtu 17 murderers with those of 41 nonviolent people matched by
and Dari the main Afghan idioms with some translated into age and gender. He found that murderers have poorer
French and English, offer advice on daily life, health, hair and functioning of the pre-frontal cortex, the part of the brain
skin care, and parenting. There is some poetry and fiction, and that sits above eyes, behind the forehead. Its a part of
the brain that controls regulating behaviors the part that
the unavoidable horoscope.
22 says wait a minute.
Following the fall of the Taliban, a group of Afghan In another study, Raine divided the murderers into
women led by Laiorna Ahmadi, a former radio journalist, two groups: those from healthy, stable family
planned the magazine, but had no money. Over the years Elle backgrounds and those from abusive, dysfunctional
26 homes. Its the murderers from the good home
has run many articles on Afghan women. Now it and its parent environment who have the poorest brain functioning,
company, Hachette Filipacchi, have provided Miss Ahmadi he says.
and her team with publishing equipment and the money to get (USA Today) Un. Fed. S. Maria
things moving. She has a staff of four and some freelance
contributors. The first issue of 1,500 copies, published this
month, was free. Future ones will cost the equivalent of 20 11. Os estudos referidos no texto apresentam fatores que podem
originar um comportamento violento.
cents.
Assinale a alternativa que apresenta um fator que no est
The market at present is small. Afghans are poor: 20 cents mencionado no texto.
buys two loaves of bread. Eight Afghan women out of ten a) predisposio biolgica
cannot read. But, says Miss Ahmadi, at least the two who can b) nvel socioeconmico
now have something written for them. c) disfuno cerebral
(The Economist) d) histrico familiar
e) influncia dos meios de comunicao
488
12. Os segmentos A growing body of research (l. 3) e dysfunctional (MACKENZIE) The following text refers to questions 18 to 22.
homes (l. 25 e 26) podem ser substitudos, sem alterao de
significado, por, respectivamente, SNORING - HALF OF MEN OVER 50 DO IT,
a) An increasing number of studies a bad home environment. BUT THE REAL DANGER COMES FROM APNEA
b) The body of grown-ups broken homes. Marcel Ascue used to snore so loudly
c) Adult bodies poor homes.
that his 5-year-old son Nathan made a
d) A growing number of scientists a domestic environment.
joke of ZZZing whenever he came near.
e) A growing number of studies a healthy family.
Tired of being a punch line (and just
plain tired), Ascue, 44, finally went to
13. A melhor traduo para and yet (l. 12) the doctor and found he had sleep
a) ainda mais. apnea. Last month he started sleeping
b) mas mesmo assim. with a mask, hooked to an air
c) e j. pressurizer, that covers his nose and
d) e por isso. forces a steady stream of air down his
e) e assim. throat. The jokes havent stopped yet
now his wife quips that shes sleeping with Darth Vades but at least
the snoring has.
Ascues story might amuse people who dont snore or have bed
14. A melhor traduo para o segmento may lie (l. 14) partners who do. But thats not many people. By 50, half of men
a) pode estar. and a quarter of women snore; 10 to 20 percent of Americans seek
b) consegue revelar. treatment for snoring each year. The numbers are expected to jump
c) parece encobrir. as baby boomers age, since snoring is a side effect of growing old,
d) deixa passar.
gaining weight and losing muscle tone. During the day the brain
e) permite enganar.
keeps the throat muscles taut and the airway open. When sleep
descends, the muscles relax and vibrate as air rushes by.
Mary Carmichael, Newsweek (adapted)
15. Os pronomes those (l. 17) e those (l. 25) referem-se,
respectivamente, a
a) people murderers. 18. The word do in the title of the article refers to:
b) brains studies. a) men b) apnea c) snoring
c) people studies. d) danger e) half
d) murderers people.
e) brains murderers. 19. The correct information according to the text is:
a) Nathan made a ZZZing sound as soon as his father snored.
b) The doctor suggested that Marcel wear a Darth Vader mask in
16. A questo central discutida no texto a seguinte: order to breathe steadily.
a) A pesquisa neurolgica pode evitar crimes cometidos por ado-
c) Marcel hasnt been able to tell jokes due to his apnea treatment.
lescentes?
d) Bed partners who snore admit that 10 to 20 percent of Americans
b) Quais as diferenas entre o ambiente familiar de um adolescente
seek treatment for snoring by 50.
normal e o de um criminoso?
e) As people age and get fat, they are more prone to snoring.
c) Em que medida abusos sofridos na infncia, pobreza, violncia
domstica e problemas familiares levam adolescentes ao crime?
d) Estar no crebro a predisposio biolgica para o impulso 20. The same verb tense used in The jokes havent stopped yet is
assassino? appropriately used in:
e) Como construir um ambiente familiar sadio para adolescentes a) The books have been read last week.
criminosos? b) Theyve done that before.
c) The noise has stopped when I went to bed.
d) The film has started at 6:00 p.m. before long.
17. A alternativa que melhor expressa o objetivo do texto e) Weve seen each other the night before.
a) discutir a localizao do impulso assassino existente em algumas
pessoas. 21. The word hooked cant be used in the following sentence:
b) alertar para a importncia da pesquisa neurolgica. a) We were afraid she was getting hooked on painkillers.
c) persuadir o pblico a coibir crimes de adolescentes. b) During the Olympics, I got hooked on beach soccer.
d) criticar os estudos que apontam a relao entre biologia e violncia. c) We just moved and I havent hooked up my stereo yet.
e) chamar a ateno dos leitores para a importncia do crtex ce- d) Were hooking our annual New Years Day party again.
rebral na educao dos adolescentes. e) He hooked his arm through hers.
489
22. According to the text, the verb to quip can be replaced by:
a) to complain b) to jest c) to misjudge
UNICAMP
d) to confess e) to despise Responda em Portugus.
ITA THE SURPRISING TRUTH ABOUT WOMENS HEARTS
As questes 23 e 24 referem-se manchete da capa da revista Time,

abaixo reproduzida:
While women are less likely to suffer heart attacks than men,
once a woman suffers her first attack she is 70 per cent more likely
to die from it than a man. These surprising new findings highlight
the need for medical staff to be more vigilant against heart disease
in women.
Researchers at the Municipal Institute of Medical Research in
Barcelona studied 331 women and 1129 men who had suffered
their first heart attack. The researchers report in The Journal of the
American Medical Association (vol. 280, p. 1405) that women
were 72 per cent more likely to die within the first 28 days, and
73 per cent more likely to die within the first six months. We
were surprised that women were so much more at risk, says
23. Na frase Secrets of the New Matrix: Were the FIRST to see the
Jaume Marrugat, who led the Spanish team.
movie and play the videogame! If we told you everything, theyd
have to kill us, extrada da manchete da revista Time, os Marrugat notes that women were less likely to get clot-busting
pronomes we e you referem-se, respectivamente, a treatment than men, and that they generally took more time getting
a) editores da Time pblico que assistiu estria do filme. to hospital problems that may reflect the low priority doctors put
b) diretores do filme The Matrix Reloaded pblico em geral. on heart disease in women. Heart specialist Graham McGregor
c) pblico que assistiu estria do filme pblico em geral. of St Georges Hospital Medical School in London also notes that
d) editores da Time leitores da revista Time.
women tend to be older than men at their first heart attack
e) pblico que assistiu estria do filme leitores da revista Time.
because they have some hormonal protection against heart
24. Considere as seguintes asseres: disease until menopause. On average, women in the Spanish
Em Were e theyd, re e d so, respectivamente, study were five years older than the men.
contraes de flexes verbais dos verbos ______
I e ______
II . These are important factors to consider but they cant
Uma outra forma de expressar a orao If we told you account for the whole difference, says Marrugat. Women have
everything, theyd have to kill us. ______
III .
more complications in the first six months and their initial heart
attacks may be more severe. He speculates that narrower
A opo que melhor preenche as lacunas I, II e III
coronary vessels in women may be a factor. Nonetheless, heart
I II III
disease remains a bigger killer of men than women.
a) are would Theyd kill us, unless we told you
everything.
Michael Day
b) are had They had to kill us, unless we told you
everything. 25. Considerando as razes apresentadas pelos pesquisadores, qual
c) were would Unless we told you everything, they the surprising truth about womens hearts?
would have to kill us.
d) were could Unless we told you everything, they
could kill us. 26. Por que, segundo Graham McGregor, as mulheres tendem a
e) are would They wouldnt have to kill us, unless we sofrer seus primeiros ataques cardacos em idade mais avanada
told you everything. que os homens?
490
FUVEST UFPB
Texto para as questes de 27 a 30. Read the text below and answer questions 31, 32, 33 and 34,
according to it.
CHINA has begun to enter the age of mass car consumption.
This is a great and historic advance. So proclaimed the state-run The pre-teen years are very significant in the life of an
individual. This is a phase of rapid growth and development of
news agency, Xinhua, last year. Environmentalists may feel a twinge
both the body and the mind. For optimum development of the
of fear at this burgeoning romance with motoring. But a rapid social
body, one needs both an enriched diet as well as physical
and economic transformation is under way in urban China, and the
exercise. And what better way is there to indulge in physical
car is steering it. exercise than pursue some game or sport?
In 2002 demand for cars in China soared by 56%, far more Sports and games contribute a good deal towards the
than even the rosiest projections. The next year growth quickened development of human mind. They teach you to be calm and level
to 75%, before slowing in 2004 (when the govemment tightened headed in all kinds of situations. You become a keen observer of
rules on credit for car purchases) to around 15%. But in a sluggish things around you. You are made to confront several situations
global market, Chinas demand remains mesmerising. Few expect where you need to develop certain strategies. Besides, you learn
this years growth to dip below 10%. As long as the economy accuracy, precision and how to make the right judgment.
Games instill in you a sense of confidence, the confidence to
goes on galloping at its current high-single-digit clip, many expect
go ahead and never to look back The individuals and / or
car sales to increase by 10-20% annually for several years to come.
children also imbibe the team spirit, a sense of doing everything
The Economist jointly with othes without thinking about ones self all the time.
Above all, sports and games foster in you the sportsmans spirit.
27. According to the passage, Xinhua To play a fair game without worrying about winning or losing.
a) had proclaimed that Chinas car industry would boom in 2004. The pre-teen years are crucial for the childrens studies and
b) played an important role in Chinas social and economic future careers. Hence a balance needs to be struck between
transformation. studies and physical activities. All work and no play makes Jack
c) reported, with pride, in 2004, the beginning of a new era for China. a dull boy, goes the adage. But all play and no work/studies
d) considers the new bank lending rules to be responsible for could be disastrous. Remember studies and sports are equally
Chinas mass car consumption. important in the lives of human beings. A healthy balance needs
e) pointed out, in 2004, that Chinas car industry would grow to be struck between the two.
beyond expectations in the short run.
31. Read the sentences below:
28. The passage suggests that Chinas embrace of the car is likely to I. A rich diet and physical activities help people grow fat.
make environmentalists II. Games promote self-confidence and a feeling of cooperation.
a) distressed. b) angry. c) scared. III. Sports and games benefit both the body and the mind.
d) startled. e) apprehensive. IV. A balance between physical exercises and studies is needless.
The statements which correctly express ideas found in the text are:
29. The passage says that the demand for cars in China a) I and II b) II and III c) I and III
a) was extremely high both in 2003 and 2004. d) II and IV e) I and IV
b) is still quite impressive.
c) may dip below 10% this year. 32. The expression the sportsmans spirit (underlined in the text)
d) fell by 15% when bank lending rules were tightened in 2004. can be understood as:
e) has been badly hit by the sluggish global market. a) Everyone wants to win when they play.
b) An athlete has religious beliefs.
30. Which of these statements is true according to the passage? c) Winning matters more than losing.
a) China became a car culture in 2003 thanks to the governments d) A sportsman worries a lot about losing games.
industrial development policy. e) What counts is playing a game honestly.
b) Car sales in China are expected to increase by 10% at most as
soon as the global market recovers. 33. Based on the text, the pre-teen years are important in ones life
c) Unless the global economy slows down, Chinas rate of growth because thats when
will remain in high single figures. a) children learn to show disgust at the sportsmans spirit.
d) The car industry has been crucial for the radical changes urban b) the individual has no work and a lot of fun.
China is undergoing. c) people increase the sense of working individually.
e) Despite all rosy projections, Chinas economic growth for the d) children may be guided into their coming professions.
next few years may be quite slow. e) the body and the mind develop very slowly.
491
34. In the sentence Besides, you learn accuracy, precision and how 37. Susan Blackmore says that
to make the right judgment, the word Besides conveys the idea of: a) intellectual insight and practices like meditation can help us
a) Contrast b) Consequence c) Reason become aware of our delusion.
d) Addition e) Time b) computers will help humans increase their intellectual expertise
in the future.
c) meditation and similar practices are helpful for people who
FUVEST spend long hours in front of computers.
d) people easily fall into the illusion that computers will solve most
of their problems.
e) computers are necessary in peoples lives to free them from their
illusion of an overpowering consciousness.
38. According to the text, one day

a) computers will be prepared to think the same way we do.
b) computers may understand consciousness limitations better.
c) human beings will program computers which will help them
meditate.
d) human beings will wake up and have better insights towards
computers.
From Susan Blackmore
e) computers may teach humans how to deal with their illusions
In his article on computers and consciousness, Igor better.
Aleksander was quite wrong to say that Susan Blackmore...
implies that constructing a machine that is conscious like us would
be impossible (19 July, p 40).
FUVEST
I do indeed claim that consciousness is an illusion. This is LOS ANGELES Come summer 2006, Warner Brothers
because it feels to us humans as though there is a continuous flow Pictures hopes to usher Superman into thousands of theaters
of experiences happening to an inner self, when in fact, there is after a 19-year absence. But given the tortured history surrounding
no such inner self. that studios attempts to revive Superman, the forerunner of
Computers have no inner self either, but if ever they start Hollywoods now-ubiquitous comic-book blockbusters, the Man of
thinking they do they will become deluded like us, and hence Steels arrival would be nothing short of a miracle.
conscious like us. And that day is surely not far off. Since Warner began developing a remake of the successful
We humans can sometimes wake up from our delusion, comic-book franchise in 1993, it has spent nearly $10 million in
through intellectual insight or through practices like meditation. development, employed no fewer than 10 writers, hired four
Maybe future computers will teach us a thing or two about waking directors and met with scores of Clark Kent hopefuls without
up from illusion. settling on one. The latest director Bryan Singer, who directed
X-Men and its sequel, was named on July 18 to replace Joseph
Bristol, UK McGinty Nichol, known as McG, who left the project after
(New Scientist) refusing to board a plane to Australia, where the studio was
35. The author of the text criticizes determined to make the film.
a) the construction of machines that resemble human beings.
(The New York Times)
b) human expectations of mastering technology completely.
c) an idea presented in a previous article published by New
39. The passage says that Warner Brothers Pictures
Scientist.
a) has declared that a sequel to Superman will appear in 2006.
d) experiments made with humans and computers.
b) is having difficulty distributing Superman to theaters.
e) the illusions created by those who construct computers.
c) is attempting to show a tortured hero in its Superman revival.
d) has made Superman into the most successful comic-book film
36. In her letter to the editor, Susan Blackmore claims that ever.
a) computers are deluded in the same way human beings are. e) has been producing a remake of the Superman movie.
b) building computers with a certain degree of consciousness will
be possible in the future.
c) human consciousness is changing the kind of experiences that 40. According to the passage, Supermans arrival
flow into an inner self. a) has been facing many obstacles.
d) human beings are deluded in their belief that they possess an b) will have to wait another 19 years.
inner self. c) will be evidence that there are no miracles.
e) computers and humans will develop a new kind of consciousness d) has been surrounded by mystery since 1993.
one day. e) has cost Warner over $10 million so far.
492
41. The passage suggests that, for its new movie, Warner Brothers 43. A proposta do Brasil
Pictures still needs to a) destina-se a compensar a queda do ndice pluviomtrico em
a) hire a more talented screenwriter. florestas dos pases em desenvolvimento.
b) find an actor for the role of Clark Kent. b) foi considerada inovadora no encontro que aconteceu em Roma.
c) dismiss their recently hired director. c) foi elogiada pela Ministra do Meio Ambiente do Brasil em uma
d) choose a more suitable shooting location. conferncia.
e) raise more funds for the film development. d) pretende diminuir o efeito estufa atribudo ao desenvolvimento
dos pases pobres.
42. According to the passage, Joseph McGinty Nichol e) cria um fundo para monitorar o desmatamento a partir de 1990.
a) replaced Bryan Singer as the director of Superman.
b) wanted to shoot Superman in Australia.
c) is an executive director at Warner Brothers Pictures.
d) is no longer working on the Superman project. 44. As emisses de gases geradores do efeito estufa
e) has co-directed X-Men and its sequel. a) so em grande parte provenientes de combustveis fsseis como
petrleo e carvo.
UNIFESP b) so responsveis pela morte de 20% das rvores das florestas
tropicais.
INSTRUO: As questes de nmeros 43 a 47 referem-se ao texto c) controlam o aumento de dixido de carbono na atmosfera.
seguinte. d) geram um desmatamento natural devido chuva cida que seca
as rvores.
Brazil proposes fund to stem rainforest cutting e) fazem com que as florestas diminuam a troca de dixido de
carbono com a atmosfera.
By Andrea Welsh. 31 Aug 2006
SO PAULO, Brazil Brazil proposed on Thursday a fund to
compensate developing countries that slow the destruction of their
rainforests, a move that could help lower emissions of gases 45. Granting tradable emission credits
blamed for rising world temperatures. The Brazilian initiative, a) is considered a feasible solution by developing countries.
presented at a planning meeting for upcoming global climate talks b) will prevent deforestation because developed countries will
in Rome, calls for creating a fund that countries could tap into if invest in forest preservation.
they could prove they had brought deforestation below rates of the c) is backed by countries such as Papua New Guinea, Costa Rica
and Brazil.
1990s. Once again Brazil is acting as a protagonist ... in
d) allows credit for planting trees in the Amazon as well as
presenting an innovative proposal, Environment Minister Marina
preventing the destruction of rainforests.
Silva told Reuters at a conference in Sao Paulo.
e) could be useless because industrialized nations might not
Disagreements over how to address deforestation have hurt diminish their emissions and get credits instead.
global efforts to cap emissions of greenhouse gases like carbon
dioxide and create markets for trading in carbon and credits.
Most emissions come from burning oil and coal, but deforestation
is responsible for about 20 percent because trees store carbon 46. No trecho do terceiro paragrafo ... United States might buy up
dioxide when they grow and release it into the atmosphere when credits instead of reducing their own emissions. a expresso
they die. Global agreements allow credit for planting trees where instead of indica
forests have already been cleared but offer no incentives for a) reiterao.
preventing cutting in areas like Brazils Amazon, home to nearly b) substituio.
a third of all species and a quarter of the earths fresh water. c) alternncia.
Critics say developing countries want cash for preserving their d) sugesto.
forests. e) causalidade.
Brazil has long objected to granting tradable emission credits

for preserving forests because heavy oil and coal users like the
United States might buy up credits instead of reducing their own 47 . In the excerpt of the second paragraph ... to cap emissions of
emissions. Silva said Brazils proposal was a draft but it should greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide... the word like can be
serve as the basis for discussion at the next round of global climate substituted, without changing the meaning, for
a) prefer.
talks in November. She also said Brazil is working with Papua
b) similar to.
New Guinea and Costa Rica, who backed an earlier proposal to
c) unless.
grant tradable credits to countries that reduce deforestation rates. d) such as.
(www.alertnet.orgtthenews/newsdesk/N31355372.htm. Adaptado.) e) as if.
493
1) Resposta: B 2) Resposta: C 19) A informao correta a respeito do texto diz que a medida em
3) Resposta: A 4) Resposta: E que as pessoas envelhecem e engordam, ficam mais propensas
5) Resposta: C a roncar. Resposta: E
6) Lilian, the necklace, Lilian and her husband. 20) O mesmo tempo verbal usado em The jokes havent stopped
Baseando-se no comeo do texto, o pronome I refere-se es- yet est corretamente empregado em Theyve done that
posa Lilian; it refere-se ao colar, e we refere-se ao casal Lilian before.
e seu marido. Formas verbais corretas:
Resposta: E a) The books were read last week.
c) The noise had stopped when I went to bed.
7) Resposta: A d) The film started at 6:00 p.m. before long.
e) We saw each other the night before.
8) a) Roz uma revista feminina destinada s mulheres afegs. Resposta: B
b) A revista Elle forneceu equipamento grfico e dinheiro.
21) A palavra hooked no pode ser usada na seguinte orao:
c) As foras conservadoras do Afeganisto ainda no
Were hooking our annual New Years Day party again.
precisam se preocupar com Roz porque a revista ainda
to hook = fixar, prender, enganchar, viciar.
no mostrou a mais recente coleo de biquinis nem deu
Resposta: D
dicas sobre lipoaspirao.
22) De acordo com o texto, o verbo to quip pode ser subs-
9) Roz oferece conselhos sobre a vida cotidiana, sade, cuidados titudo por to jest (= fazer piada, caoar).
com o cabelo e a pele e sobre como criar filhos. Resposta: B
10) a) Pushtu e Dari so os principais idiomas do Afeganisto. 23) Resposta: D 24) Resposta: E
b) Roz no deve atingir um grande pblico porque a maioria
das mulheres afegs analfabeta. 25) As mulheres tm menos probabilidade de sofrer ataques
c) A jornalista afirma que, pelo menos a minoria das mu- cardacos do que os homens; mas, quando sofrem o seu
lheres afegs alfabetizadas, agora tem uma revista escrita primeiro ataque, tm probabilidade 70% maior de morrer
especialmente para elas. do que os homens.
26) Porque elas contam com proteo hormonal contra doenas

11) Resposta: E 12) Resposta: A do corao at o perodo da menopausa.
13) Resposta: B 14) Resposta: A
27) Resposta: C 28) Resposta: E
15) Resposta: E 16) Resposta: D 29) Resposta: B 30) Resposta: D
17) Resposta: B 31) Resposta: B 32) Resposta: E
33) Resposta: D 34) Resposta: D
35) Resposta: C 36) Resposta: D
18) A palavra DO no ttulo do texto refere-se a snoring 37) Resposta: A 38) Resposta: E
(=roncar). 39) Resposta: E 40) Resposta: A
Ttulo: 41) Resposta: B 42) Resposta: D
Roncar Metade dos homens acima de 50 anos fazem isso 43) Resposta: C 44) Resposta: A
mas o perigo real vem da apneia. 45) Resposta: E 46) Resposta: B
Resposta: C 47) Resposta: D
494
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C2_3A_Convenio_Ingles_Prof Lu 18/07/11 08:20 Pgina 465

II. Tente adivinhar o significado destes trs animais em portugus,

III. SLEEP expressions from the text. account for

que dormem mais tempo, os mais dorminhocos

X. Chegamos concluso de que podemos combinar os seguintes

II. Responda em Portugus, de acordo com o texto.

quando simplesmente nos sentamos

para realizar funes vitais

provveis de serem detectados pelos predadores.

PROTECTING ANTARTICA FROM TOURISM

I. Match the columns. to increase to allow to agree

4. An unspoiled area is an area which has not been damaged in any

a) to have a lot of money

Now, complete the sentences with the expressions studied above.

TEXT COMPREHENSION II. Answer in Portuguese.

UNESCO TO THE RESCUE

1. to build built built construir

2. Our washing machine broke down yesterday and flooded the

2. ancient 2 f b) paz 3. Why didnt the U.S. step earlier in WWII?

4. stone 4 c d) seguro 4. If you cant beat them, join them.

5. successful 5 a e) prximo, vizinho juntar-se a, aliar-se a

7. Old churches are part of our cultural heritage.

2. What is meant by the first sentence of the second paragraph?

2. Luckily, UNESCO stepped in.

Observe os exemplos. INFINITIVE TO + VERBO

He was the first to answer the teachers question.

8. Were looking forward to ______________ from you soon.

9. Its useless ________________ about the situation.

WHAT IS GLOBAL WARMING?

Now, complete the following sentences.

4. Por que o texto menciona o Polo Norte, a Floresta Tropical

O visvel aumento de tempestades, furaces e incndios florestais violentos

nos ltimos dez anos.

5. A que concluso chegaram os cientistas?

Os cientistas chegaram concluso de que o aquecimento global pelo qual

estamos passando no provocado por causas naturais e sim pelo homem.

Um aumento to rpido da temperatura.

VOCABULARY Now, translate the title of the text.

Translate the different meanings of labour in the following sentences.

VI. Give the opposites of

2. clothes 2 f b) more than 5. large small

VII. Translate the following excerpts from the text.

7. should 7 e g) similar to ameaas e surras.

8. whether 8 a h) main street

2. , recognized by the United Nations as one of the worlds 2. In

Ocidente valem o sofrimento causado a muitas crianas indianas.

1. According to the text, 4. A que se refere 55 million youngsters no texto?

LONDON FOR LEARNERS

VOCABULARY b) Translate the word GUIDE in the sentence below.

III. Match the columns.

What is the meaning of the verb RELAUNCH? 6. like 6 b f) ficar

IV. Pay attention to the use of AVOID

Write in English. xingar, amaldioar

2. Ele evitou responder minha pergunta.

3. Evite tomar banho de sol entre 10 e 15 horas. VIII. DONT CONFOUND

b) to feel, felt, felt = sentir

c) He earns his living from his paintings.

Ela recebeu aprovao do conselho. 2. pitfall 2 b b) difficulty

Se voc se atrasar, voc poder amaldioar o transporte como qualquer

1. Qual das seguintes sugestes NO dada pelo novo guia queles

MODALS ANOMALOUS VERBS IV. SHOULD, OUGHT TO, HAD BETTER

As he was sick, he had to stay at home the whole