UNIVERSITY OF ALGARVE HIGHER SCHOOL OF HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY FARO V

PREGNANCY IN ADOLESCENCE
Teaching students Dr. Celeste Duque Ana Barbosa Barros Duarte Nuno Guerreiro Ver
a Tavares Severine
Faro Faro 2005
Overall Objective:
Better understand the problem of teenage pregnancy.
Specific Objectives:
Meet some important factors of psychological development of adolescents; perceiv
e the changes that occur in the family during adolescence and the consequences f
or such an element of a teenage pregnancy; understand the importance of sexualit
y in adolescence; know the dynamics of teenage pregnancy; Describe consequences
of teenage pregnancy.
PLAN OF SESSION
CONTENTS INTRODUCTION STEPS MAE Multimedia Projector Prelector The TEMP
! Group Presentation! Goals! Theoretical aspects of psychological development in
adolescence! The family and the teenager! Sexuality in adolescence! Teenage pre
gnancy! Consequences of teenage pregnancy
2 min
Nuno Barros
DEVELOPMENT
Ana Barbosa Nuno Barros 20 min Projector Multimedia Severine Vera Tavares Guerre
iro
SUMMARY EVALUATION
Completion of content. Questionnaire
Multimedia Projector Multimedia Projector
2 min
Severine Warrior
1 min Duarte
PREGNANCY IN adolesence
ASPECTS evolutionary theorists Psychology of Adolescence
Psychological evolution takes place at four levels
Puberty Cognitive Social Construction of identity
AMBIGUITIES
PREGNANCY IN adolesence
ASPECTS evolutionary theorists Psychology of Adolescence
Erikson
Identity
Identity / identity confusion
PREGNANCY IN adolesence
ASPECTS evolutionary theorists Psychology of Adolescence
Freud
Puberty Oedipus Complex
PREGNANCY IN adolesence
ASPECTS evolutionary theorists Psychology of Adolescence
Piaget
Cognitive stage of formal operations
PREGNANCY IN adolesence
THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF EVOLUTION Psychology of Adolescence
TEEN
Need for Autonomy Independence
PREGNANCY IN adolesence
ASPECTS evolutionary theorists Psychology of Adolescence
Perspectives on the development of autonomy in adolescence:
Erikson Freud's psychoanalytic perspective
Bloss
PREGNANCY IN adolesence
ASPECTS evolutionary theorists Psychology of Adolescence
Perspectives on the development of autonomy in adolescence:
Interactionist perspective
PREGNANCY IN adolesence
ASPECTS evolutionary theorists Psychology of Adolescence
Perspectives on the development of autonomy in adolescence:
SOCIO-COGNITIVE PERSPECTIVE Piaget
Understanding of social relations
PREGNANCY IN adolesence
ASPECTS evolutionary theorists Psychology of Adolescence
Perspectives on the development of autonomy in adolescence:
Ethological perspective
Reproductive maturation and acquisition of independence from parents
PREGNANCY IN adolesence
ADOLESCENT AND FAMILY
Family
Privileged to learn the basics of interaction that will give shape and sense of
who we are and that sense of belonging and not the other family.
PREGNANCY IN adolesence
ADOLESCENT AND FAMILY
Life cycle
Sequence of transformations occurring in a family
Family Development
Changes of individual character in each member
Change as a group
PREGNANCY IN adolesence
ADOLESCENT AND FAMILY
Transformations occurring in a family
Fulfillment of specified tasks
Individual characteristics of each member
Social Pressure
PREGNANCY IN adolesence
ADOLESCENT AND FAMILY
Success of two basic tasks
• Individualisation / empowerment of its elements • Creating a sense of belongin
g to the group
PREGNANCY IN adolesence
ADOLESCENT AND FAMILY
Family with teenagers
Need a new equilibrium, not only by the teenager but all family members
Significant enlargement of individual spaces ... ... No but lead to the destruct
ion of group cohesion
FLEXIBILITY IS KEY TO SUCCESS OF FAMILIES IN THIS STEP
PREGNANCY IN adolesence
ADOLESCENT AND FAMILY
Teenage pregnancy
Crisis no normative
DOUBLE CRISIS
PREGNANCY IN adolesence
SEXUALITY
Sexuality is an integral part of the human person from birth to death
BIOLOGICAL
SEXUALITY
SOCIAL
PSICOLOGICA
(Piscalho and Leal, ????)
PREGNANCY IN adolesence
SEXUALITY
Sexuality involves multiple learning processes
Individual experiences or collective beliefs and conceptions Knowledges
PREGNANCY IN adolesence
SEXUALITY
Freud
Human sexuality is governed by instincts and impulses.
Erickson
The socialized human being can control their instincts and their impulses. The r
ole of fathers is important in modeling of sexual behavior
Bancroft
PREGNANCY IN adolesence
Sexual stimuli
SEXUALITY
Preprogrammed
Acquired
Is influenced by all its dimensions fascination Desire Attraction
The Human Being
Internal mediating processes
Cognitive affective Biological
PREGNANCY IN adolesence
SEXUALITY
It is in dating relationships that young people will live their sexuality
The eroticism and sexuality are the basic elements of the relations of affection
among teenagers (Vilar and Gaspar, 1999) increase in sexual desire Early sexual
activity early menarche Girls Boys
PREGNANCY IN adolesence
SEXUALITY
Parents
They fear that sex education and provision of contraceptives are a way to enable
and encourage sexual activity of their children.
Not have adequate knowledge; They feel uncomfortable about the topic; Teens feel
uncomfortable to talk with parents.
PREGNANCY IN adolesence
SEXUALITY
The adolescent is aware of a possible pregnancy by having sexual contact with pa
rtner
(Vilar and Gaspar, 1999)
Gauderer (1996) states that adolescents do not make proper use of contraceptives
because:
Do not believe they will become pregnant, are considered a safe period; See cont
raceptives as cumbersome or difficult to obtain, "will not happen to me" They th
ink oral contraceptives unnatural and dangerous, the boys believe that condoms r
educe sexual pleasure; can have an unconscious desire to become pregnant or get
someone pregnant, confirming its ability to reproduce; afraid that parents find
contraceptives.
PREGNANCY IN adolesence
Teenage pregnancy
Varies by culture
Blacks and Gypsies
Western industrialized societies
Well accepted and desired
It is seen as a problem
PREGNANCY IN adolesence
Pregnant teen
Dual developmental crisis
Maturational crisis of adolescence
Situational crisis pregnancy
The psychological burden can lead to depression and delay in reaching adulthood.
PREGNANCY IN adolesence
Indicators of risk factors in adolescent pregnancy:
Factors Individual Factors Family Relational Factors
PREGNANCY IN adolesence
The most common causes for the occurrence of teenage pregnancy are:
Unconscious desire to become pregnant to prove that Will is a woman and see if t
he body works, need to have someone to love, for his son: Attempt to marry the m
an she loves; Will contradict their parents, Alternative to exit home, school or
city where you live; satisfy a hidden desire of parents; Relieve a feeling of d
epression or isolation.
PREGNANCY IN adolesence
The pregnant adolescents may take one of five options:
Continue the pregnancy and marry the father of the child and raise the child at
home, continue the pregnancy and raise the child with the help of family members
; Continue the pregnancy and give the child up for adoption; Continue the pregna
ncy and raise the child , remaining unmarried; Stop pregnancy.
PREGNANCY IN adolesence
Developmental tasks of pregnancy:
Accept the biological reality of pregnancy Accept the reality of a child not yet
born. Accept the reality of motherhood. The quantity and type of support system
s can significantly influence the implementation of these tasks.
PREGNANCY IN adolesence
Preventing teen pregnancy:
Comprehensive sexuality education, contraceptive methods and their accessibility
; Correction of unequal opportunities for women from ethnic minorities, health c
are services available to young people, family planning, antenatal care with eas
y access and follow-up care for infants and children adolescents.
PREGNANCY IN adolesence
CONSEQUENCES OF PREGNANCY IN ADOLESCENCE
Consequences for the girl
Fear Consequences Initial Stress Anxiety
PREGNANCY IN adolesence
CONSEQUENCES OF PREGNANCY IN ADOLESCENCE
Consequences for the girl
Initial consequences
What to do?
Multiple questions arise
As your partner react? How to communicate to their parents and how to accept it?
What will happen to your life?
PREGNANCY IN adolesence
CONSEQUENCES OF PREGNANCY IN ADOLESCENCE
Consequences The consequences for the girl in the short to medium term:
If the teenager decides to have her son, is subject to consequences: Organic, Ps
ychological, Educational, Socio-economic, relational, repeat pregnancy.
PREGNANCY IN adolesence
CONSEQUENCES OF PREGNANCY IN ADOLESCENCE
Consequences The consequences for the girl in the short to medium term:
If the teenager decides to abort, can occur: Serious consequences organic; effec
ts on future fertility, psychological consequences, social rejection, Legal Issu
es.
PREGNANCY IN adolesence
CONSEQUENCES OF PREGNANCY IN ADOLESCENCE
Consequences for the girl long-term consequences:
The consequences tend to atenuarse (but not disappear) after about 10-15 years.
PREGNANCY IN adolesence
CONSEQUENCES OF PREGNANCY IN ADOLESCENCE
Consequences for the boy
Depend on the way to assume their role and responsibility in pregnancy. If your
involvement is high, may be subject to many of the psychological, social, econom
ic and educational described for girls.
PREGNANCY IN adolesence
CONSEQUENCES OF PREGNANCY IN ADOLESCENCE
The consequences for the adolescent boy may feel: Anxiety, Guilt, Rejection emot
ional.
PREGNANCY IN adolesence
CONSEQUENCES OF PREGNANCY IN ADOLESCENCE
Consequences for the couple
The teenage couple will have to take several important decisions:
The relationship will continue or not? Where they will live? How should the preg
nancy?
PREGNANCY IN adolesence
CONSEQUENCES OF PREGNANCY IN ADOLESCENCE
Consequences for the couple in our culture, it is common that the couple is more
or less "forced" to marry. These marriages tend to, sooner or later, fail.
PREGNANCY IN adolesence
CONCLUSION
The psychological development of adolescents are not linear and equal for all, c
an be approached in several ways. Anyway, the adolescent must overcome many chal
lenges and acquire some skills.
PREGNANCY IN adolesence
CONCLUSION
Given the changes of adolescence, it is imperative to consider the dynamics of t
he family system. At this stage of life cycle emerges, with origins in the devel
opmental tasks of adolescents, the need for a balance between family, individual
and social. Flexibility is the key to success in this phase. The teenage pregna
ncy of an element is added to the usual source of stress for families with teena
ge children, a factor in the crisis alone, creating a double crisis in the famil
y system.
PREGNANCY IN adolesence
CONCLUSION
It is during adolescence that most young people experience the first sexual inte
rcourse. This new experience is not generally well accepted by parents or teache
rs, which are not always available to show details. The teenage pregnancy interr
upts the development of training procedures for structuring identity.
PREGNANCY IN adolesence
CONCLUSION
A pregnant young woman living a double crisis, trying to succeed in the passage
from childhood to adulthood and is faced with a situation that evokes necessaril
y its maturity.
Pregnancy has an impact on the girl, boy and teen couple.
PREGNANCY IN adolesence
EVALUATION
Why can one say that there is a double family crisis when there is an element of
teen pregnancy?
That nature are the factors involved in teenage pregnancy?
Why do not parents talk to their children about sexuality?
PREGNANCY IN adolesence
BIBLIOGRAPHY
• Alarcão, Magdalena - (Un) family balance - Coimbra: Quarteto Editora. January
2000. • ALMEIDA, José M. Sectors - Adolescence and motherhood. Lisbon: Fundação
Calouste Gulbenkian. October, 1987. • Bobak, Irene; Lowdermilk, Deitra; JENSEN,
Margaret - Maternity Nursing. Loures. Lusociência: 4th. Edition. 1999. • Canavar
ro, Maria C. - Psychology of pregnancy and motherhood. Coimbra: Quarteto Editora
, May 2001. • Carter, Betty; MCGOLDRICK, Monica - The Changing Family Life Cycle
. A framework for family therapy. 2nd Edition, Porto Alegre: Artes Médicas, 1995
. • FLEMING, Manuela - Adolescence and autonomy: Psychological development and t
he relationship with parents. 2nd ed. Porto: Edições confrontation. December, 19
97. • Gauderer, Ernest Christian - Gender and Sexuality in children and adolesce
nts. Rio de Janeiro: Editora Rosa dos Tempos. In 1996. • LORENZO, Maria M. C. -
Texts and contexts of Teenage Pregnancy. The Adolescent, family and school. Lisb
on: Fim de Século Edições Lda, 1998.
PREGNANCY IN adolesence
BIBLIOGRAPHY
• Naldino, Manuela; SARACENO, Chiara - Sociology of family - 2nd Edition. Lisbon
: Editorial Estampa Ltd. 2003. • PISCALHO, Isabel Leal, Isabel - promotion and h
ealth education: Education in sexuality in schools. A draft action research with
teenagers who attend the 10th grade in the 4th National Congress of Health Psyc
hology - A health perspective of life cycle. Lisbon, Institute of Applied Psycho
logy, 2-5 October 2002 • GRASS, Ana Paula - The Family Life Cycle - Systemic Per
spective - Porto: Edições Afrontamento, 1996. • ROQUE, Otilia - Semiotics of the
Stork: Youth, sexuality and risk of unwanted pregnancy. Évora: APF collection s
tudies. October, 2001. • ROQUE, Otilia (et al) - Moms inch and a half: pregnancy
and teenage motherhood. London: Association for family planning.€2003.
END