(A) - DR4 - Local and Global Mobilities (FFM)

Core Generator: Urbanisation and Mobility (UM)
DR4 - Local and Global Mobilities (FFM)

Collection of documents (citations with small indication of the links directing
to the original page), drawn from surveys in the search engine "Google" and it i
s intended to help decode the theme Mobilities Local and Global (GLM) of the Nuc
leus Generator: Urbanisation and Mobility (UM) Reference Skills-Secondary Level
Switch on the RVCC process under the New Opportunities Initiative.
[Note: All Adults / Trainees should include in its PRA sources of all readings t
hat have made and can not copy or plagiarize, risking expulsion from RVCC.]
Good Reads ...
Published 7/20/2008 by adult / trainee - Cont @ ct
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STC
Recognize different forms of territorial mobility - local and global - and their
evolution (migration, emigration and immigration)
W ith the Criterion Peten ci s ci And the Videna •
• •
Act in an intercultural context, considering the migration of populations and th
e rural exodus as a result of economic inequalities, cultural and / or policies,
but also generating process of (re) construction and "discovery of the other."
Act understanding the role of technological change as a condition of mobility, b
oth in transport and communications both in terms of professional development op
portunities. Act taking into account the conditions that lead to mobilities in t
he animal kingdom in general (environmental conditions, reproduction, and others
) and in human populations in particular (economic, ethnic, political and other)
and to recognize the different streams and relationships between variables thro
ugh the statistical processing of information.
CLC
Relate mobility and migration with the spread of linguistic and cultural heritag
e and its impact
W ith the Criterion Peten ci s ci And the Videna
Act causes including economic, political and cultural migration of populations a

nd recognizing the importance of multiculturalism to the diversity of cultural o
fferings. Acting individually and collectively in defense of the common linguist
ic heritage of the Portuguese language and its role and place in the world, incl
uding its economic, historical and cultural, along with other languages. Act in
the global world, given that language is a key feature of
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societies and relations between people of different social and cultural origins,
and an undeniable factor of integration.
CP
Identity and Alterity
DR3 - Public Policy
C o m a s ci Peten
Identify and evaluate public policies in the face of host diversity of identitie
s
Criterion E s Videna the ci
Identify the variety of public policies in society. Linking associative and poli
tical rights. Lie at the incorporation of the migrant population
Support texts
http://efa-stc.blogspot.com/2008/04/movimentos-migratrios-registados-em.html
Migratory movements recorded in Portugal in sec. XX
After reading the texts that follow answer clearly and succinctly the following
questions: 1. Identify flows (input and output) occurred in Portugal over the ye
ars, particularly in relation to sec.XX. 2. Identify the causes for the existenc
e of migratory flows that enumerated in the preceding paragraph and
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relate these flows to opportunity structures in different countries (economic, p
olitical, cultural, ...). Text 1: Historical overview of the Portuguese emigrati
on Despite the absence of sound statistical data on Portuguese emigration to the
century. XIX, it is clear that the genesis of the emigration phenomenon dates b
ack to the period of the Discoveries. Although some authors such as Eduardo Lour
enço (1), emphasizing that the massive outflows of Portuguese population registe
red during the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, either to India or to Brazil e
migration flows are not true, the truth is that the historical context which lau
nched the Portuguese overseas defined to some extent, the preferred destinations
of the first wave of emigration. The historical approach of the Portuguese emig
ration necessarily includes the evaluation of two distinct movements - the movem
ent in ocean and intra-European. The movement is the oldest ocean and dominated
throughout the nineteenth century, addressing mainly to Brazil. Throughout the t
wentieth century, apart from Brazil, USA, Canada,Venezuela and South Africa are
among the more popular destinations within this chain. The intra-European, rath
er more recent, settling mainly in the second half of the twentieth century, Fra
nce and Germany being the major poles of attraction. Continue reading Text 2: Th
e economic impact of immigration to Portugal perspective of historical analysis,
we can say that Portugal has been a country of emigration whose genesis goes ba
ck to the century. XV, with the beginning of the movement of discoveries. Howeve
r, immigration flows into Portugal are not a recent phenomenon, dating also the
origin of the century. XV, with the importation of slaves, mainly from Africa, t
o offset the shortage of the labor force resulting from the model of Portuguese
colonial expansion. It is estimated that in the century. XVII, in the region of
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Lisbon and certain areas of Alentejo and Algarve, the population of African orig
in represent 10-20% of the total population (Tinhorão, pp. 101, 112). From the c
entury. XVIII finished the forced immigration to Portugal, but continues to proc
ess up to Brazil. In the century. XIX, immigration flows to Portugal became insi
gnificant in terms of demographics, but not in economic terms, and noted the pre
sence of foreign nationals from Spain, UK, Germany and France, linked to mining
and marketing of Port wine (Lopes, p. 93), as well as the presence of Brazilians
, that presence widely reported in the literature of the time. In the century. X
X, in the 60s, began to emerge a new immigration flow induced by the progressive
opening of the Portuguese economy, on the one hand, and the shortage of labor d
erived from the emigration exodus to Europe and to the military recruitment colo
nial wars, on the other side (Pires, p. 198). Continue reading http://efa-stc.bl
ogspot.com/2008/04/migraes-animais.html
Animal Migration
Activity Display a movie about mobility in the animal kingdom - "From Pole to Po
le" (BBC) Guide to the exploitation of the film: a) identify the migratory speci
es in the animal kingdom, raised in the film. b) Relate these migrations with dy
namic ecosystem (climate, food resources, reproduction).
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Activity 2 Preview movie about human intervention in ecosystems - cohabit "(BBC)
film exploitation Guide: Explore ways of human intervention that altering the b
alance of the ecosystem interfere with migration processes. http://clc-rvcc.blog
spot.com/2008/10/ng6-dr4-mobilidades-locais-e-globais.html Competency: Relate mo
bility and migration with the spread of linguistic and cultural heritages and th
eir impacts. "My homeland is the Portuguese language" Fernando Pessoa Man has al
ways had a need to know the world, to broaden their horizons, whether the pleasu
re of discovering new places culture, was the obligation to seek a better life.
One thing is certain, the Portuguese have always felt that impulse, proof is the
adventure of overseas expansion. The influence of Portuguese culture is vast an
d immediate. If emigration has always marked our history, immigration also gets
you to do. And get him to do from the last quarter of the twentieth century. The
reasons for this phenomenon are mostly of economic or political bias. A good ex
ample is the influx of immigrants from former Portuguese colonies and so-called
Eastern Bloc countries. With them,
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bring not only their life stories, but also its historical and cultural identity
. They adapt, receiving much of the host country, but also enrich us with the re
lease of new life forms. Criteria of Evidence: Culture: I can act comprising the
causes economic, political and cultural migration of populations and recognizin
g the importance of multiculturalism to the diversity of cultural offerings. Wor
k Proposal: Based on the knowledge he has of the reality of immigration, especia
lly across different media, reflecting the cultural influences brought about by
our immigrants (Brazilians, Moldovans, Romanians, etc..) Present in many aspects
of day- to-day and who have largely contributed to its discovery, specifically
in musical differences, culinary, sports and cinema, etc.. Their presence is inc
reasingly prominent in the cultural programming of many municipalities and Cultu
ral Associations, particularly in metropolitan areas of Lisbon and Porto.Langua
ge: I can act individually and collectively in defense of the common linguistic
heritage of the Portuguese language and its role and place in the world, includi
ng its economic, historical and cultural, along with other languages. Proposed W
ork: From the knowledge of reality that has Portuguese language, namely its dive
rsity, different from speaker to speaker, do a little reflection on some words t
hat although enunciating the same reality is to write and pronounce more or less
distinct from how they use the Portuguese. For example: butcher, bus ... (Eng.)
, has as synonyms butchers and bus (Latin). From that list of differences, explo
re the richness of linguistic diversity, which illustrates the very evolution of
the Portuguese language, coupled with its expansion and
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its importance in the world. Communication: I can act in the global world, given
that language is an essential element of the functioning of societies and relat
ions between people of different social and cultural origins, and an undeniable
factor of integration. Work Proposal: Since language is a factor of integration,
it is easy to understand why many Brazilians, Cape Verde, Guinea Bissau, East T
imor and guineensenes ... have chosen Portugal as destination. Thus, from the kn
owledge they have of the countries where Portuguese is spoken, explore the dynam
ics that it has, as a living language, through its study on indigenous universit
ies, in primary schools and in cultural activities, giving evidence that it is a
live and dynamic and is constantly evolving. http://www.myspace.com/lusofoniaare
volucao http://cidadania-e-profissionalidade.blogspot.com/2008/10/ng4-dr3-poltic
as-pblicas.html If we analyze with some precision the history of Portugal, we fa
ced from the first moment with the reality of emigration. After the reconquest f
rom the Moors and the physical establishment of borders, the Portuguese were lau
nched in overseas expansion. Directly related to the time of discovery no longer
be present need to find new lands to more fertile soils and subsoils, capable o
f supplying food to a people who, confined to his own country, would have seriou
s difficulty of subsistence. That's how we reach out primarily by the African co
ntinent (Morocco, Angola, Mozambique, Cape Verde and Guinea Bissau and Sao Tome
and Principe), then with Asia (Goa, Macau and East Timor) and finally by the Ame
rican
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(Brazil). Centuries later, with the loss of former colonies, the Portuguese emig
ration redirects itself and spreads to new horizons. And since then, Central Eur
ope (France, Belgium, Luxembourg, Switzerland and Germany) and North America (Ca
nada and USA) have established themselves as new points of reference for the Por
tuguese emigration. However, from the last decade of the century. XX, there is a
real investment in migratory routes. Portugal, a country of emigrants par excel
lence, sets up, paradoxically, as a privileged port for immigration: first from
the former colonies and, later, of Eastern European countries. Faced with the ph
enomenon of immigration and the decline of jobs, corresponding to the slowdown i
n economic growth, European and world began to appear a certain social instabili
ty, coupled with the bias towards the immigrant. As unjustifiable and deplorable
, if it meets the past history of our country and the contribution that they hav
e given the Portuguese economic development. See News / debate on Youtube. Work
proposal: Given the just mentioned and news / discussion we suggest that intenti
onally enter, understand and reflect on public policy relating to the reception
of immigrants in Portugal. In her reflection, you can still take into considerat
ion the following institutions and associations, support or regulation, the dive
rsity of identities: High Commission for Immigration and Intercultural Dialogue
(acid); High Commissioner for Immigration and Ethnic Minorities, Aliens and Bord
ers (SEF) and Association of Roma women Portuguese (AMUCIP).
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http://www.soaresbasto.pt/CRVCC/secundario/RVCC_CP.pdf
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http://www.igeo.pt/atlas/ LAND OF MIGRATION
Dulce Pimentel
The history of Portuguese immigration begins with the departure of settlers to s
ettle in the islands of Madeira and the Azores, after its final occupation in 14
25 and 1427, respectively. The approximately 4,9 million citizens Portuguese or
of Portuguese origin living abroad are the proof of the importance that immigrat
ion has had and continues to play for Portugal. Over the centuries, but especial
ly in the twentieth century, emigration movements have undergone significant cha
nges in volume and destinations, reflecting the state of country's development a
nd evolution of the international job market.
Emigration
In the early twentieth century and until 1914, the emigration to Brazil was esse
ntially very large, with a record of only 195 000 immigrants from 1911 to 1913.
In subsequent years, as a result of two world wars and the severe economic crisi
s in 30 years, emigration suffer further drop. It is precisely between the 30s a
nd mid 40s which is recorded the lowest volume of emigrants: 7000 Annual output
in the period 1939/1945, was the end of phase transoceanic that characterized th
e first half of the twentieth century, with a predominance of emigration to Amer
ican continent and especially to Brazil, but soon after, with 26 000 annual outp
ut between 1946 and 1955, begins a new phase which will run until mid-70s. Europ
e seeks to recover damages caused by war, with financial support from the United
States through the Marshall Plan. With the formation of the Common Market is re
aching high levels of economic growth, and the needs of manpower addressed with
the recruitment of
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workers in the countries of Southern Europe: between 1958 and 1973 were issued 8
million work permits. That is when registering the highest rates of emigration
in Portugal: between 1960 and 1974 have emigrated over 1.5 million Portuguese, o
r an average annual output of 100,000, only the 1973 oil crisis and consequent e
conomic recession has come to hang. Continue reading
The return
Parallel to the phenomenon of emigration, deserves note highlighted another, muc
h less noticed in the scientific community and in Portuguese society in general
but no less important: the return of Portuguese emigrants from foreign countries
. The little attention it has received is due to three essential characteristics
. Firstly, the fact that a phenomenon practically continuous in time and space,
which mainly results from individual and family decisions, although it may also
be related to political phenomena, legislative, economic or social. Second, beca
use the return has occurred for virtually the entire national territory, althoug
h the large cities have significant importance. Finally, because the returnees,
while inducing change, particularly in poorer rural areas of the interior, exert
pressure on the weak labor market and production structure, a result of their f
ear of investing and taking risks, so engaged with such often the small business
es on their own. The official numbers of returning emigrants, established by the
decennial censuses of population, the National Statistics Institute (INE) indic
ate that only the periods 1976/81, 1986/91 and 1996/2001 reached more than 295,0
00 individuals to the national territory . Extrapolating these figures it is con
cluded that in just one quarter of a century (1976/2001), will perhaps have retu
rned nearly 600 000 individuals, which is considerable given the demographic dim
ension of the country. Continue reading
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Immigration
It is the third important event in the migration dynamics for the first time in
its history, Portugal is no longer a country of emigration to also become a coun
try of immigration, the number of legal immigrants has, in recent years surpasse
d the number of emigrants . And in this respect destacaramse first those from Af
rican countries whose official language is Portuguese, after those of Brazil and
, more recently, from countries of Eastern Europe, which quickly came to constit
ute the most numerous group of foreigners to reside in Portugal. Consider some n
umbers. According to official statistics of the Foreigners and Borders Service (
SEF), in 1975, resided in the country less than 32 000 foreigners, many who neve
r stopped to increase, reaching 223,600 in 1995 and the end of 2001. Continue re
ading
http://www.acime.gov.pt/
I CONGRESS
IMMIGRATION IN PORTUGAL
[DIVERSITY - CITIZENSHIP - INTEGRATION]
18/19 DECEMBER 2003
Manuel Braga da Cruz
Chairman of the Scientific Committee of the First Congress on Immigration in Por
tugal Rectory of Universidade Católica Portuguesa
Portugal was for centuries a country of emigration,you've come to see from his
people for many different stops in the world. The pilgrimage marks that are evid
ent in many of the destinations
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Portuguese, in cultures of other peoples, in the spaces and where they settled.
For that reason, the European expansion, and its civilization was due both to th
e historical management of the Portuguese. In recent years, however, Portugal ha
s become both an immigration country, destination, and the defendant sought by m
any and varied people. Someone called this shift the return of the caravels. We
always had foreign minorities among us, but never with the expression and charac
teristics of this immigration. They come from different continents, belong to va
rious races and ethnicities, are carriers of many different cultures, profess di
fferent religious beliefs, speak a vast plurality of languages. Phenomenon of ep
isodic, almost imperceptible, immigration began to flow and striking feature of
our collective experience, giving the Portuguese a multicultural society that di
d not know before. Page 11 in: http://www.acime.gov.pt/docs/Publicacoes/Actas_fi
nal.pdf
Identity processes and managing diversity
Jorge Vala Department of Social and Organizational Psychology, ISCTE
Various studies conducted in recent years show that the majority of EU citizens
consider that immigrants, particularly those who are seen as belonging to other
races, religions or cultures should not be discriminated against and have the sa
me rights as the natives of the countries where they work. For example, data fro
m the European Social Survey (ESS) from 2002 indicate that 68% of EU citizens cl
aim that immigrants should have the same rights that citizens of host countries.
But, alongside these egalitarian beliefs, many Europeans continue to show negat
ive attitudes towards
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with immigrants, we also find that scene in Portugal. Thus, and in accordance wi
th the ESS, about 70% of Europeans and an equal percentage of Portuguese, believ
es that immigrants contribute to increased crime and insecurity. Contrary to the
dominant discourse, representing Portugal as a country tolerant, open, mostly a
nti-discrimination attitudes, other data from this same study shows that our cou
ntry is also traversed by prejudiced attitudes and beliefs that legitimize the d
iscriminatory conduct that occurs in life everyday or institutional contexts. Pa
ge 47 [http://www.acime.gov.pt/docs/Publicacoes/Actas_final.pdf]
Commentary on the intervention of Jorge Vala
Verónica Policarpo
Portuguese Catholic University - Faculty of Humanities
The media
A fifth comment relates to the role of media in processes of ethnicization we he
ard here today. In his book "The objectivity in social science," Gunnar Myrdal w
arned us, back in 1976, to the important role of media in changing values, the d
isclosure of information that can correct the false beliefs and push individuals
to transform, or even abandon, the values have been forgotten. This importance
is now even more visible in a society where mass media have become virtually the
only source of information for most people. We therefore need to think about th
e importance of media in processes of ethnicization or as vectors of racism, or
as vectors of explicit anti-racism (Wieviorka, 2002) 3. Thus, it is important to
note that the media convey a speech which, though it is on minorities, is produ
ced by majorities (eg, journalists, mostly white, middle-class, integrated socia
lly and professionally, etc.. ) and for the majority. To what extent these
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discourses contribute to the subtle processes of ethnicization that we have been
talking about? An exploratory study in which I had the opportunity to participa
te on the ethnic and gender discrimination in the Portuguese media has, for exam
ple, that in 2000 the media in Portugal contributed decisively to a negative ima
ge of ethnic minorities, for example associating the recurrent crime and violenc
e. Page 67 in http://www.acime.gov.pt/docs/Publicacoes/Actas_final.pdf
Immigration and Development
João César das Neves
Faculty of Economics and Business Catholic University
The problem of migration is much older than the development. If we take the latt
er in its strict sense, characterized by the sustained rise in living standards
of the national population,only found in clear after the call "industrial revol
ution", then the development has just over 250 years. Rather, migration is a phe
nomenon inherent in the nature and history of the world. Relating the two concep
ts, find a number of aspects of the recent dynamics of the global economy that,
somehow, are close to the migratory phenomenon. It is in some aspects of this br
ief text is centered. Page 73 Portugal The Portuguese case is without any doubt
one of the most interesting cases in world history of migration. The various sta
ges of its longstanding history bear witness to their abnormality. Even a cursor
y inspection of the evolution allows to express the great peculiarity of our beh
avior. • The population of Portugal
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The first striking element is the instability of large numbers of Portuguese pop
ulation considered at various times. The review should make from 1415, when the
conquest of Ceuta, because this is the moment that ends the identity between Por
tugal and the Lusitania. The previous population movement, especially related to
the Christian reconquest, had always been limited to the sphere lusitana.Página
77 This type of analysis can be profitably further developed in the most recent
period, where the figure clearly shows the periods of greatest population movem
ent. So we can say that in the last century and a half, there are four seasons c
ould be called "hyper-emigration", each with about 10 years. They are:
• the decade from 1888 to 1898, • the period since 1905 until the outbreak of Wo
rld War I in 1914 • what will the end of this until the beginning of great depre
ssion in 1929 • and finally, the decade from 1963 to 1973.
As the table shows, here too there is a surprising regularity since the first an
d third period saw rates around the 6o/oo, while the other two hover around 8.5%
.
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If we consider the economic characteristics of these four periods, in an attempt
to find any relationship between the phenomenon of development and the episodes
of high emigration, once again our efforts come up against diversity. The table
shows that very diversity. In fact, the first two periods of high emigration ra
te fell during times of recession (the first includes the severe crisis of 1889-
1890 and 1893-1894, and the second follows immediately to the crisis of 1903-190
4 and includes the beginning of the crisis 1913-1918). But the next two are of s
trong growth, with the last interval with even greater momentum in the Portugues
e product in the twentieth century. Considering the financial side, only the thi
rd period showed a strong nominal instability, with high inflation and strong fi
scal crisis. The three others unfold in relative or even strong macroeconomic st
ability. Thus, the national emigration, at least in periods of greater intensity
, follows no clear economic rule. More a warning to the refusal of simplistic an
swers.
Page 80
Conclusions The relationship between development and migration are vast and comp
lex. In this brief study we attempted to sketch a picture of these relationships
, either from a historical point of view, either empirical or theoretical. It be
came very clear the scale of the phenomenon of movements of populations. The inf
ormation gathered and many others that could be adduced seem to converge in a fu
ndamental conclusion. The migration is in general a rational reaction to economi
c conditions and is therefore generally beneficial for all areas involved. Exhau
st valve and variable adjustment, it is linked to major developmental successes.
Page 88 http://www.acime.gov.pt/docs/Publicacoes/Actas_final.pdf
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STATISTICS OF IMMIGRATION Read on: http://www.acime.gov.pt/docs/GEE/Estatisticas
_GEE_2005.pdf
Commentary on the intervention of John César das Neves
Carlos Vianna Speaker of the House of Brazil in Lisbon ... Immigrants help the d
evelopment of Portugal and Europe because they believe deeply in the power of wo
rk, the simple idea that a better future requires much effort. And in the fight
for his claim, need to change attitudes and prejudices, break down barriers, for
cing their citizenship and force cooperation with nationals of the host country.
Therefore, are a driving force of national development of the host country. So
sometimes assume attitudes of greater than many national patriotism. Why cling t
o those societies that allowed them a positive jump in their lives. And thus, co
ntrasts with certain miseries of elites,ranked as the journalist Nicholas angri
ly at Express Day Saints 13/12/2003, with whom one country, one nation, there is
a market to make profits, preferably with many blessings of the state. In a cou
ntry like Portugal, where almost 10% of the economically active population is no
w foreign, political management, economic and social development of its immigran
ts should be considered a priority for national development. Unfortunately, it i
s not so. I close with the words read in a recent article and that it should be
noted that this panel stressed the economic aspects related to immigration: "The
economy or manpower, but are coming
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people ... "Page 95 Continue to read: http://www.acime.gov.pt/docs/Publicacoes/A
ctas_final.pdf
CHAIR OF THE COUNCIL OF MINISTERS High Commissioner for Immigration and Ethnic M
inorities has been repeated to exhaustion that Portugal has suffered in recent y
ears a very significant increase in the number of immigrants. In round numbers,
in 1960 the foreign population with legal residence was only 0.3%. In 1980 this
percentage shall be 0.5% in 2005 and already there is a significant strengthenin
g of its numerical strength to 4.0% (measured as a percentage of the estimated r
esident population for the NSA in 2005). Despite the growing number of immigrant
s in recent years, Portugal is far from being one of European countries with the
highest percentage of immigrants, particularly if we compare ourselves with cou
ntries in Northern Europe. In 2004, not considering the specific case of Luxembo
urg with about 39% of immigrants (most of whom are from Portugal), European coun
tries with the highest percentage of immigrants in its territory were Switzerlan
d (20.2%), Austria (September 5%), Germany (8.9%), and Belgium (8.4%). Note also
that Portugal is among the countries that annually receives fewer immigrants. A
ccording to OECD data, in 2004 foreign arrivals to Portugal represented only 0.1
2% of its total population. Moreover, this increase in immigration is due to a p
eriod of great economic growth in Portugal in the second half of the 90s. This r
equired for its implementation, availability of manpower very significant, to wh
ich Portugal had no capacity to respond. It was the time of Expo 98, the Vasco d
a Gama Bridge, Highway South and, later, the venues for Euro 2004. When
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contextualizes thereby increasing the number of immigrants, we realize that and,
as always in the migration, the opportunity / need to find immediate response i
n migration flows. Continue reading: http://www.acime.gov.pt/docs/GEE/Caracteriz
acao_Imigracao.pdf
Constitution of the Portuguese Republic
Article 44. (Right to travel and emigration) 1. Every citizen is guaranteed the
right to move and settle freely anywhere in the country. 2. Everyone is guarante
ed the right to emigrate or leave the national territory and to return.
http://www.imigrante.pt/
Illegal immigration by sea in Portugal rises 19 percent
Illegal immigration by sea in Portugal is increasing. Last year, in 18,732 vesse
ls inspected, 106 were initiated procedures to facilitate illegal immigration. A
ccording to data from the Foreigners and Borders Service (SEF) transcripts to th
e Report of Homeland Security, this increase represents an increase of 19 per ce
nt over the previous year. "The cases of stowaways on boats are almost daily in
Portugal. The difference between the present and what was going on, for example,
there are six or seven years, is that now appear to be increasingly
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groups, whereas formerly there was, above all, people traveling alone. This may
demonstrate that networks of aiding illegal immigration are so organized, to cho
ose Portugal as a zone of action, "said one inspector PUBLIC SEF specializing in
maritime surveillance. Inspectors of SEF today know that the transport of a sto
waway (from Africa) can cost between 300 and 1500 euros. "The people [illegal im
migrants] are very poor and have that money. So, in order to travel, the family
mortgage. Board, and arrive at their destination after they start work, they kno
w that every month they have to have one for both the contacts that they arrange
d the trip, under pain of the relatives who remained in the country, being kille
d, "explained the same responsible. "In Portugal are widely used fishing boats t
hat do the drudgery in Africa." Arriving to national ports,and how enforcement
is virtually nonexistent, easily landing. The SEF and the Fiscal Brigade of the
GNR are aware that this technique is growing because more people are undocumente
d adrift in the nearby villages of these ports, you end up reporting the conditi
ons under which they undertook the journeys. In Public 08/09/2006 - Further read
ing
THEORIES OF MIGRATION
Throughout history there have always been, with greater or lesser degree, the "p
opulation movements in response to population growth, climate change and economi
c needs" 7 (cf. Castles, 2000: 273). But it was Europe, first by Discoveries and
, later, with the colonization of their territories, who gave a great impetus to
the development of migration flows. Papademetriou (2001), analyzing the recent
pattern of international migration, found
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that the pace of change is continuous, but not too sharp, the geographic distrib
ution has remained stable, the impact in terms of population size is reduced, bu
t the magnitude is more significant in terms of growth and population distributi
on and, finally, not less important, while the existing pattern of international
migration in Europe, North America and Oceania is an inter-regional cooperation
in Asia and Africa is of intra-regional distribution. International migration a
re, according to Castles (2000), part of the globalization process. However, unl
ike the liberalization of capital flows and goods, migration is regularly seen a
s "potential threats to sovereignty and national identity and many governments a
nd political movements seeking to restrain them" (cf. Castles, 2000: 271). What
are the determinants of migration? Whether in countries of origin or destination
, may be referred to the "conditions of the labor market, laws and political [..
.] information and information flows, [...] the effects of chain migration, budg
etary constraints (which may influence the ability of potential migrants to pay
transportation costs), and almost everything that affects the desire to live / w
ork in the destination, as opposed to country of origin, from ethnic or politica
l violence to the climate "( cf. Glover et al. 2001: 3). These are just some of
the factors to be considered in the study of the causes of migration flows. Cont
inue reading
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The Plan for Immigrant Integration (PII)
The Plan for Immigrant Integration, established by resolution of the Council of
Ministers No. 63-A / 2007 of May 3, came to address the need for a global, integ
rated and comprehensive, which systematize the goals and commitments the State i
n welcoming and integrating immigrants seeking Portugal as the destination count
ry. At European level, only two countries, apart from Portugal, have a plan with
the same aims, Spain and Germany. This integrated policy of welcoming and integ
rating immigrants is following the recommendations of the European Commission, 2
000 and 2001 for the implementation of immigration policies that take into accou
nt not only the economic and social integration but also issues the cultural and
religious diversity, citizenship, participation and rights políticos1. The Comm
on Basic Principle No. 10 of the Common Agenda for Integration, lies the inclusi
on of policies and measures of integration in all policy areas and levels of gov
ernment and public services at the heart of the formulation and implementation o
f public policies. The Plan for the Integration of Immigrants, which informs the
recommendations of the European Union, aims to strengthen the national mobiliza
tion and reflects a global vision integrator in the reception and integration of
immigrants. In outlining a program of reference for the state, the Plan is also
the inspiration for the civil society, reinforcing the importance of their part
icipation and co-responsibility and setting priorities for best use of available
financial resources. Continue reading
page:
24/28
http://www.dgidc.min-edu.pt/lingua_portuguesa/
The Portuguese Language in the World
The new political, economic and social change significantly the importance of th
e Portuguese language in the world and reinforced its status as an international
language. Also the consolidation of significant geopolitical changes that occur
red in Europe, America and southern Africa,had particular impact on the use of
languages. Currently the Portuguese language is the sixth in the world and the t
hird most spoken European language in the world, after English and Spanish. Offi
cial language of eight states from four continents, the Portuguese language of c
ommunication is also a dozen international organizations, notably the European U
nion, UNESCO, MERCOSUR, the Organization of American States (OAS), Latin Union,
Alliance of Latin American Free Trade Agreement (ALALC ), Organization of Iberoa
merican States (OEI), Organization of African Unity (OAU), Economic and Monetary
Union of West Africa, mandatory language in the Mercosur countries and official
language of the Development Community (SADC), the member organization Most Afri
can countries in the southern hemisphere. The Portuguese is a language of cultur
e that gives access to the literatures and civilizations unique and varied as th
e distinguished Nobel Committee to award the Nobel Peace Prize to Belo and Ramos
Horta and the Nobel Prize for Literature, José Saramago. In a changing world, t
he Portuguese is a language of the future, a language to discover. The potential
expansion of our language in Africa is extremely significant, especially in the
southern hemisphere, where, in addition to the expected population growth of PA
LOP, registering an increase of teaching Portuguese
page:
25/28
education systems of member countries in SADC, with particular reference to Sout
h Africa, Namibia and Zimbabwe. A similar movement occurs in several West Africa
n states, taking particular relevance to the case of Senegal. In South America,
the creation of MERCOSUR has led to an exponential growth in the teaching of Por
tuguese in Argentina, Uruguay and Paraguay, and there are similar interest in Po
rtuguese in Latin American countries not belonging to MERCOSUR, especially in Ve
nezuela. Read on: http://www.dgidc.min-edu.pt/lingua_portuguesa/ http://www.inst
ituto-camoes.pt/index.php Instituto Camões, I. P., hereinafter designated as IC,
is a public institution included in the indirect State administration, endowed
with administrative autonomy and its own assets. Continuing responsibilities of
the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in the areas of Culture and Education, under the
superintendence and authority of the Minister of Foreign Affairs, developing it
s activities abroad, including through Portuguese cultural centers established i
n the framework of diplomatic representations and lectureships Portuguese langua
ge and culture. The IC's mission is to propose and implement educational policy
and dissemination of Portuguese language and culture abroad, ensure the presence
of Portuguese players in foreign universities and manage the network of teachin
g Portuguese abroad to basic and secondary level, in coordination with other gov
ernment departments, particularly the Ministries of Education, Science, Technolo
gy and Higher Education and Culture. Read on: http://www.instituto-camoes.pt/mis
sao-do-instituto-camoes/2.html
page:
26/28
Countries and Portuguese-speaking Communities
(Geography of the Portuguese language in the world)
http://joaoxms.sites.uol.com.br/
CLICK TO VISIT THE COUNTRY 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - ° 5 - 6 - 7 - • 8 - Portugal Cape V
erde Guinea-Bissau Mozambique Sao Tome and Principe Angola Brazil East Timor
AND REGIONS De Mac - Macau Goa - Goa, Daman and Diu G - Galicia
Marked X on the map are communities with more than 100 000 people each, speaking
immigrants out of eight Portuguese-speaking countries or Macao, Goa and Galicia
. Communities in the U.S., Europe, Canada, South Africa, Venezuela, Argentina an
d Japan
page:
27/28
The Leap
5 Jan 2008 | 17h By Chalonge of Christian Fiction, France, 1967, 88 '
Marco Pico, Antonio Passal, Ludmila Mikael, Henrique de Sousa and Antonio Asunci
on. (Spoken in Portuguese and French, without subtitles) Antonio is a Portuguese
carpenter who, to escape the colonial war and poverty, decided to emigrate to F
rance, responding to the challenge of a friend. On the hardness of the crossing
of the border, add to the difficulties in Paris. Undocumented, without work and
without speaking French, Anthony wander the city in search of Carlos, the friend
who had promised help. In his lonely journey, hope and optimism give way to dis
illusionment, a feeling shared by many Portuguese with whom she encounters. Icon
ic movie about Portuguese immigration clandestine, The Leap is imbued with a str
ong ideological and political baggage, which is an effervescent environment live
d in France at the time. The growing flow of migrants,the conditions under whic
h migrants departed - on foot and in lorries - and how they were received in Fra
nce are issues portrayed in a raw and realistic. With this first work of the Fre
nchman Christian Chalonge would raise in 1968, the prestigious Prix Jean Vigo. R
etrieved from: http://www.museu-emigrantes.org/dossier%% 20imprensa 20screen.pdf
page:
28/28

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Act causes including economic, political and cultural migration of populations a

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