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(3) Maturity stage: The product is widely acceptable and sales are now stable,
and it grows with the same rate as the economy as a whole grows.
(4) Decline stage: At some point of time the product enters the decline stage.
Its sales start decreasing because of a new and a better product has
entered the market to fulfill the same customer requirements.
Expanded Product Life Cycle
Technology Development Cycle
(a) Simplified technology development cycle. (b) Transferring from one technology
growth curve (A) to another developing technology (B)
Sequential vs Concurrent Process
Design Principles for Manufacturability
General design principles for manufacturability are as follows:
Simplicity of Design
Standard Materials and Components
Standardised Product Design
Liberal Tolerances
Use of the most processable materials
Teamwork across the Organisation
Avoidance of Secondary operations
Design for the expected production Quantities
Utilising Special process Characteristics
Taking care of process requirements
Use of appropriate software tools for product design, tool design,
and PDM
Properties of Engineering Materials
Material Property Identity of material
describing its state (physical, chemical) and
behaviour under different conditions.
Material properties can be categorized as
Physical
Chemical
Mechanical
Thermal
Physical Properties
Physical properties describe the state of material, which is
observable or measurable. Color, texture, density, melting
point, boiling point, etc. are some of the commonly known
physical properties.