Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Authors:
Owais Ahmed Ghani (former Governor Balochistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa) Senior Fellow
Mujahid Alam (Visiting Senior Advisor, UN Peacekeeping Department) Senior Fellow
Agha Ahmad Gul (Former Vice-Chancellor, University of Balochistan) Visiting Scholar
Ali Shah Senior Research and Policy Analyst
Printed in Pakistan by
The China-Pakistan Joint Think Tank
National University of Sciences & Technology
H-12
Islamabad
www.nust.edu.pk
All rights are reserved. For information and permission regarding the copyright contact China-
Pakistan Joint Think Tank.
Disclaimer: The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors solely and do
not in any way reflect the views of the China-Pakistan Joint Think Tank or of the three
partner universities.
Honorable Friends,
Amer Hashmi
President
China-Pakistan Joint Think Tank
REGIONAL GEO-STRATEGIC CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR
CHINA-PAKISTAN COOPERATION
CONTENTS
1. Executive summary
6
2. Introduction: The regional geopolitical dynamics
10
3. China and Pakistan: Mutual interdependence 12
4. Challenges as opportunities
13
4.1.
The US factor 13
4.2.
The Iranian factor 14
4.3.
The Afghan factor 15
4.4.
The Indian factor 16
4.5. Forging civil-military alliance in Pakistan for nation-building
17
4.6.
Limitations of bilateralism 18
4.7. Forging multilateralism 19
4.7.1 Shanghai Cooperation Organization and Russia
21
5. Proposed domestic strategy for China-Pakistan cooperation 23
6. Conclusion and recommendations 24
6.1.
Domestic front 25
6.2.
Regional front 25
6.3.
International front 26
6.4.
China-Pakistan front
26
Figure 1: The mega-region of China-Pakistan cooperation
28
Figure 2: Chinese Eurasian land bridges 29
References 29
23. Pursue an energetic diplomatic initia- 32. Pursue development of dedicated in-
tive to co-opt Saudi Arabia and Iran into ef- dustrial parks and special economic zones for
forts to diffuse tensions and prevent the exac- facilitating investment and joint venture indus-
erbation of the already dangerous sectarian trial projects.
strife, including the Shia-Sunni schism, within
the Muslim countries. Pakistan is the worst af- 33. A large proportion of Chinese invest-
fected in this regard and needs to focus its ments in Pakistan is concentrated in the pub-
energies in this direction. lic sector. More private sector investments
by China will help create a healthy balance
1
See figure 1 at the end of the paper.
2
Parallelism is used here to mean an equally cordial and strong relationship with two competing powers. Except the relation of
neutrality, this parallelism is usually short-lived and cannot be sustained over a long duration owing to the natural tendency of
nations towards competition.
3
See Figure 2 at the end.
4
USA recorded a Gross National Income (GNI) of USD 14,645.6 billion in 2010 while China had a GNI of USD 5720.8 billion for
the same year (World Bank 2012). The difference was even greater in per capita terms for the same year; US had a per capita
GNI of USD 47,340 compared to USD 4270 of China (World Bank 2012).
Former Chinese President, Jiang Zemin, personally shared this information, as far back as December 1996, with his friend, Dr.
5
Akram Sheikh, former Chairman, Planning Commission of Pakistan, and currently the Professor Emeritus, National University of
Sciences and Technology and Co-Chair of its China-Pakistan Joint Think Tank, Islamabad.
130. The idea is for Pakistan to use the 135. Improve governance by following uni-
cushion provided by Chinas strategic support versally acknowledged principles of admin-
to help resolve its issues of domestic secu- istration to build a professional merit-based
rity. China-Pakistan relations need to diversify bureaucracy and to define parameters of po-
and fan out to include broad-based economic litical oversight of government machinery.
cooperation, cultural exchanges, and, more
importantly, broad interaction and cooperation 136. Develop a new paradigm of govern-
between the political establishments of the ment based on public-private partnership,
two countries to forge deeper understanding especially, in economic and social sectors.
and benefit from each others experiences. Typically, a PPP shall consist of the provision
of public service jointly funded by government
131. Gwadar Project provides a crucial sec- and private business. However, it needs to be
ond sea access to China with significant ben- pointed out that since many types of PPPs,
efits for Pakistan; therefore, its development depending upon the predominance of pub-
should be accelerated. The Chinese are well lic or private sector, are in existence it is ad-
aware of the significance of Gwadar and the vised to develop or select that form which is
associated development of Pakistans physi- a win-win option for the people, business and
cal and economic infrastructures through im- government in Pakistan. In order for PPPs to
mediate Chinese investments will be benefi- succeed, there needs to be present the ease
cial for both countries in the larger scheme of of doing business, transparency in public and
things. private transactions, strong regulatory capac-
ity in the public sector, and fair, speedy and
132. A wide-ranging China-Pakistan coop- strong dispute-resolution systems.
eration promoting both bilateralism and mul-
tilateralism will serve to bring about regional
6.2. Regional front:
growth, peace, prosperity and harmony. Some
recommendations in this regard are indicated
137. Open bilateral talks now with all Af-
below:
ghan ethno-political groups for building a
broad-based relationship with Afghanistan
in the post-US/NATO drawdown phase. This
should be carried out as a complementary
Source: http://www.larouchepub.com/lar/1998/lar_glazyev_2513/2LandBridgeColor.html
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