Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
OF INDIA
AHMEDABAD, GUJARAT
Cold Storage
Prepared by:
Harsh Patel
1
INDEX
Executive Summary 4
General 5
Market 6
Technology 8
Manufacturing 11
Infrastructure 16
Implementation 17
References 19
Annexures 20
2
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
3
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
India is the largest producer of fruits and second largest producer of vegetables in the
world. In spite of that per capita availability of fruits and vegetables is quite low because
of post harvest losses which account for about 25% to 30% of production. Besides,
quality of a sizable quantity of produce also deteriorates by the time it reaches the
consumer. This is mainly because of perishable nature of the produce which requires a
cold chain arrangement to maintain the quality and extend the shelf-life if consumption is
not meant immediately after harvest. In the absence of a cold storage and related cold
chain facilities, the farmers are being forced to sell their produce immediately after
harvest which results in glut situations and low price realization. Sometime farmers do
not even get their harvesting and transportation costs what to talk of the cost of
production or profit. As a result, our production is not getting stabilized and the farmers
after burning fingers in one crop switch over to another crop in the subsequent year and
the vicious cycle continues. Our farmers continue to remain poor even though they take
risk of cultivating high value fruits and vegetable crops year after year. A cold storage
facility accessible to them will go a long way in removing the risk of distress sale to
ensure better returns
4
GENERAL INFORMATION
INTRODUCTION
Cold Storage is a special kind of room, the temperature of, which is kept very low with
the help of machines and precision instruments. India is having a unique geographical
position and a wide range of soil thus producing variety of fruits and vegetables like
apples, grapes, oranges, potatoes, chillies, ginger, etc. Marine products are also being
produced in large quantities due to large coastal areas. The present production level of
fruits and vegetables is more than 100 million MT and keeping in view the growth rate of
population and demand, the production of perishable commodities is increasing every
year. The cold storage facilities are the prime infrastructural component for such
perishable commodities. Besides the role of stabilizing market prices and evenly
distributing both on demand basis and time basis, the cold storage industry renders other
advantages and benefits to both the farmers and the consumers. The farmers get
opportunity of producing cash crops to get remunerative prices. The consumers get the
supply of perishable commodities with lower fluctuation of prices. Commercially apples,
potatoes, oranges are stored on large scale in the cold storages. Other important costly
raw materials like dry fruits, chemicals, essences and processed foods like fruit
juice/pulp, concentrate dairy products, frozen meat, fish and eggs are being stored in cold
storages to regulate marketing channels of these products.
PROMOTERS BACKGROUND
Harsh Patel is a Post graduate with specialisation in Business Entrepreneurship. He is
having agriculture business in limbdi where he is doing farming of fruit crop like Banana,
Water melon, Sweet melon, Papaya etc. he has some experience in his business.
5
MARKET
Market Scenario
The estimated annual production of fruits and vegetables in the country is about
130 million tonnes. This accounts for 18% of our agricultural output. Due to
diverse agro climatic conditions and better availability of package of practices,
the production is gradually rising. Although, there is a vast scope for increasing
the production, the lack of cold storage and cold chain facilities are becoming
major bottlenecks in tapping the potential. The cold storage facilities now
available are mostly for a single commodity like potato, orange, apple, grapes,
pomegranates, flowers, etc. which results in poor capacity utilization.
Present availability of cold storage capacity is only 103.5 lakh tonnes, out of
which units having about 8 lakh tonnes capacity are non-functional. Although
90% of these units are made to store only potato even then it does not meet the
requirement of the single crop, the production of which is about 300 lakh tonnes.
Out of 3443 cold storage units setup till 1988, 2012 units were for potato, 447
units were for multipurpose use, 198 units were for fruits and vegetables and the
remaining were for products like meat, fish, milk, etc. The detail of the
commodity wise distribution of cold storage capacity is given.
Commodity wise distribution of cold storage capacity.
Meat 23 0.09
Products
Of the above 3443 cold storage units, 2975 are in private sector, 303 are in
cooperative sector and the rest are in public sector.
6
According to the information collected by the expert committee on cold storage and
storage, requirement of cold storage in the next five years may be in excess of 12 lakh
tonnes. The working group of the planning commission for IX plan had assessed new
cold storage capacity for fruits, vegetables and multi commodity as 15 lakh tonnes;
13 lakh tonnes in private sector, 1.5 lakh tonnes in cooperative sector and the rest 0.5
lakh tonnes in public sector. Thus, there remains a vast potential to be tapped.
Competition
SR. NAMES Capacity in Products
Sector
Metric Tons stored
1. JANTA ICE FACTORY & COLD 712 Private Potatoes
STORAGE.,Near Jawahar
society,Surendranagar.
2. SURENDRANAGAR DAIRY,Gujarat 61 Public Dairy
Dairy Dev Corporation ltd.,Wadhwan Road, Products
Wadhwan.
3. HARI OHM COLD STORAGE,Shekhpur. 1360 Private Multipurpos
e
TECHNOLOGY
7
At present there are two popular refrigerants in the market. One is Freon and the other is
Ammonia. Ammonia and Freon compressors are being manufactured indigenously.
Ammonia refrigerant is cheaper, easily available and is of high latent heat of evaporation
but it has certain disadvantages like being highly toxic in nature. It also forms explosive
mixture when mixed with oil containing high percentage of carbon.
2. Precaution may be taken to ensure that the moisture from outside cannot penetrate
through the wall, ceiling or floor.
3. The partition wall between two chambers should be insulated both sides.
Fruits and vegetables which are to be kept in cold storage are sorted out and the bad ones
removed. The sorted material is packed preferably in wooden/ plastic carton boxes and
then kept in cold storage chambers. The temperature and humidity is to be maintained
depending upon the commodity kept in the store. The requirements for successful storage
of important fruits and vegetables are shown in Table I and II.
TABLE-I
8
Temp F life (in weeks)
1. Apple 32-35 7-26 Small fruits keep better than large ones
2. Apricot 30-32 2-4
3. Berry Fruits 30-32 2-3
4. Bananas 55-60 2-3
5. Cherries 30-32 2-3
6. Guavas 47-50 3-4
Fumigation with 1-2% sulphur dioxide before
7. Grapes 30-32 4-6 storage
reduces decay and storage life can be increased to
812 weeks.
Lemon for storage should be picked at the
8. Lemon 50-55 9-13 greenish
yellow colour.
9. Lime 50-55 4-5
10. Mangoes 45-50 4-6
Mandarin oranges can be kept satisfactorily at
11. Mandarin Oranges 40-42 9-13 lower
(Nagpur) Coorg temperature if to be stored for less than 4 weeks.
(Assam)
12. Oranges (Tight 36-39 13-17 Tight skinned oranges can also be kept at lower
skinned) temperature if to be stored for less than 8 weeks.
Malta (Punjab) 36-39 13-17
Sathgudi (Chennai) 39-42 13-17
Mussambi
(Mumbai) 42-45 13-17
13. Pears 30-32 2-4
14. Peaches 30-32 2-4
If fruit is to be stored for jam making, the storage
15. Plums 30-32 2-4 life
can be extended by another two weeks.
16. Pineapple 50-55 3-4
17. Quinces 30-35 9-17
9
TABLE II
Optimum storage conditions for vegetables R.H. 85-90% except Beet root, Cabbage,
Raddish, Turnips and Peas where R.H. is 90-95%
1. Beans 32-35 2-3 Beans are liable to be sweet in storage. Need more
3. Brinjals 47-50 3-4 Big brinjals keep better than small ones
5. Cauliflower 34-35 4-6 Only firm and compact heads should be stored as loose
6. Cabbage 32-35 9-13 Only firm and compact heads should be stored.
11. Tomatoes Ripe 40-45 1-1 Tomatoes should not be stored in temperature
Mature (Greenish 55-60 3-4 lower than 40O F because they show tendency to
12. Peas 32-35 2-3 Green peas loose part of their sugar content unless
More ventilation.
MANUFACTURING
10
List of plant & Machinery
1. Blue Star Limited, Commercial Equipment Division, 13, Community Centre, New
Friends Colony, New Delhi. 110065. ; Tel: 011 - 6834262; Fax: 011 - 6841845
2. Carrier Refrigeration Private Limited, C-7, Golden Enclave, Airport Road, Bangalore.
560017.; Tel: 080 - 5272688; Fax: 080 - 5262788
3. Freezeking Industries Private Limited, 7/17, Industrial Area, Kirti Nagar, New Delhi.
110015.; Tel: 011 - 5930681; Fax: 011 - 5447509
4. Frick India Limited, 7 / 15, Kirti Nagar Industrial Area, New Delhi. 110015; Tel: 011
- 5463706; Fax: 011 - 5275695
5. Voltas India Limited, Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Division, 19, J.N.Heredia
Marg, Ballard Estate, Mumbai. 400001.; Tel: 022 - 2618131; Fax: 022 - 2615220
11
Installed Capacity
The material to be kept under cold storage is received from the farms. It is stacked and cooled to a
temperature of 8 degrees centigrade. The plant will be in continuous operation for three shifts a day
with each shift of 8 hours duration. The storage capacity of the unit is 500 tones.
The time period required for achieving full capacity utilization is one year.
Locally available.
12
Manufacturing process
13
Manpower
Sl Description No of Total
Persons salary /
month
(Rs. lakhs)
14
1 Refrigeration Engineer 1 0.150
8 Total 36 2.190
Statutory compliances
Pollution Control
There are no harmful effluents in the process. However, NOC may be taken from the concerned
State Pollution Control Board.
15
Energy Conservation
Proper insulation should be given to avoid loss of heat/temperature.
INFRASTRUCTURE
16
2 Administrative office 500
7 Total 11000
Construction cost Rs. 900 per square foot Total value of civil works
Rs. 99.00 lakhs.
Location: limbdi,Surendranagar
2 Water 0.100
IMPLEMENTATION
The approximate time required for various activities is given below. However, it may vary from
place to place depending upon the local circumstances and on the enthusiasm of the
entrepreneurs:
17
Availability of Finance 3 months
Machinery procurement, 2 months
Trial Run 1 month
https://www.google.co.in/search?
q=swot+analysis+of+cold+storage&espv=2&biw=1024&bih=662&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa
=X&ved=0ahUKEwiT_fGW6djRAhUKp48KHW6ECogQ_AUIBigB
http://krishna.nic.in/PDFfiles/MSME/Food/Cold%20Storage[1].pdf
http://agriexchange.apeda.gov.in/Ready
%20Reckoner/Cold_Storage/WesternRegion/GUJARAT.aspx
20
ANNEXURES
Cost of project
Sl Description Rs. lakhs
1 Land 2.000
13 Contingencies 1.000
Total 167.200
21
Means of finance
2 Equity 55.733
3 Debt 111.467
Implementation schedule
The approximate time required for various activities is given below. However, it may vary from
place to place depending upon the local circumstances and on the enthusiasm of the
entrepreneurs:
22