Chemistry Lab Report

Experiment (5): Using Dilution Factors In An Acid-Base Titiration

1- Aim:
1. To prepare volumetric solution by dilution of more concentrated
solutions.
2. To determine an unknown concentration of sodium hydroxide solution .
3. To acquire experience in applying solution stoichiometry rules to an
acid base titration.

2- Introduction: The process of obtaining quantitative

information of a sample using a fast chemical reaction by reacting with a
certain volume of reactant whose concentration is known is called
titration. When an acid-base reaction is used, the process is called
acid-base titration. In this experiment. Sodium hydroxide is titrated
into a flask containing an acid we stop titrates when the acid equal
base, we know thats point by using the indicator.
Also in our experiment. we use diluted acid and diluted base not
concentrated.

3- Apparatus and Chemical:

Burettes, Pipettes, Dropper, Conical flask, Distilled
Apparatus
water bottle.
Chemical NaOH, HCl, Distilled water, Phenolphthalein.

4- Discussion:

(a) Solutions:
1) Pipette 4.0 ml of the stock 1.00 M HCl into a 100.0 ml volumetric
flask . add sufficient distilled water to make 100.0 ml of solution.

(1)
2) Pipette 10.0 ml of concentrated sodium hydroxide solution into 100.0
ml volumetric flask . add sufficient distilled water to make 100.0 ml of
solution.

(b) Titration:
1) Add the dilute sodium hydroxide solution to a burette and titrate
with 10.0 mL aliquots of your solution. The indicator is phenolphthalein;
before neutralization your solution will be colorless, at the end point,
the solution will be pink in color.
2) Record your result on the data sheet. Your first titration should be
rough i.e. add the NaOH solution in 1 mL portions to get an approximate
end point, then repeat the titration more accurately until you have two
volumes within 0.1 mL.

5- Results & Calculation:

- HCl Solution:
1.Molarity of HCl stock, M1 = 1 M
2.Volume of HCl needed for dilution, V1 = 4 mL = 0.004 L
3.Total volume of diluted HCl (Vol. of flask), V2 = 100 mL = 0.1 L
4.Molarity of diluted HCl solution, M 2 = M1*V1/V2 = 0.04 M
- NaOH Solution:
5.Volume of NaOH needed for dilution, V 1 = 10 mL = 0.01 L
6.Total volume of diluted NaOH (vol.of flask),V2 = 100 mL =0.1 L
7. Dilution factor = 10
8. Titration:

Final burette reading 3.60 7.25 11.10 14.85

Initial burette reading 0.00 3.60 7.25 11.10
Volume of NaOH used
3.60 3.65 3.95 3.75
Final reading- Initial reading
(3.60+3.75+3.95+3.75)/4 = 3.74 ml
Average volume of NaOH, Vav
= 0.00374 L

9. Equation of the reaction: HCl (aq) + NaOH (aq) NaCl (s) + H2O (l)

10. Volume of HCl used in titration V HCl = 0.01 L

11. No. of moles of HCl reacted with NaOH, n HCl = M 2*V HCl =
0.04*0.01 = 4*10^-4 mole

(2)
12. No. of moles of NaOH reacted with HCl, n NaOH = 4*10^-4 mole
n NaOH = n HCl*( 1 mol NaOH /1 mol HCl )
13. Molarity of diluted NaOH, M2 = n NaOH/V av = 4*10^-4*0.00374
= 0.107 M
14. Molarity of unknown NaOH (stock solution), M 1 = M2*dilution factor
= 0.107*10=1.07 M
15. Molar mass of NaOH, MM = 40.00 g/mole
16. Concentration of NaOH in g/L = MM*M 1 = 1.07*40.00 = 42.80 M

7- Conclusion: An acid-base titration is the determination of the

concentration of an acid or base by exactly neutralizing the acid/base
with an acid or base of known concentration. This allows for quantitative
analysis of the concentration of an unknown acid or base solution. It
makes use of the neutralization reaction that occurs between acids and
bases and the knowledge of how acids and bases will react if their
formulas are known .

8- Questions:

1- How many of water should be added to 25.0 ml of 6 M

nitric acid to make 2 M solution?

M1.V1 = M 2.V2
2V1 = 25.0 6
V1 = 150.0 6 / 2
V1 = 75.0 mL

2- What is the volume of 0.50 M H2SO4 required to neutralize 10.0

ml of 0.75 KOH solutions?

H2SO4 + 2KOH == K2SO4 + 2H2O

1 mole H2SO4 == 2 moles KOH
n2 * M1 * V1 = n1 * M2 *V2
2 * 0.50 * V1 = 1 * 10.0 * 0.75
V1 = 7.5 mL

(3)