Catch the Error

1. Hollingshead measured aggressiveness in children before

and after exposure to violent videogames (2002, p. 15).

2. Neither group showed any significant growth (Wong and

Tuttle 2005).

3. Boyle (1998, 1998, 1998) found in three separate studies

that the rats had higher stress hormone levels after
exposure.
[Assume the three studies were done in 1998 and each was
published separately that year.]

4. When contacted, Mr. Peterson had no useful explanation

except that mistakes were made (phone call, 2005).

5. Bret Schneider, John Garrett and McCoy, Nancy Lewis, 1968.

Interests and Social Behavior in Healthy 80- 102-Year-Olds.
Archives of Elderly Behavior, Vol. 14, pp. 343-350.

6. Pinkerton (originally published in 1844, reprinted in 2001)

believed that democracy was a two-edged sword. Socrates
(400 B.C.) felt the same way.
 How to format your reference list
Placement: Start the reference list on a new page, after the body of the assignment.

Title: Type the word References at the top of the page and centered

Order: Order entries alphabetically by last name of author or, if no author, first word of
title (excluding A, An, The, etc.)

Spacing: Double-space all entries

Indentation: The first line of each entry should be left aligned, subsequent lines are
indented
Two or more works, same author, same year
To differentiate between two or more works by the same author in the same year, assign
letter suffixes to the publication year.
Examples:
EuromonitorInternational.(2016a,February26).Luxurygoodsin

Canada.RetrievedfromPassportdatabase.

EuromonitorInternational.(2016b,February4).Luxurygoodsinthe

US.RetrievedfromPassportdatabase.

Citing Company or Industry Reports in your

Reference List
Examples
Business Insights: Global
GaleCengageLearning.(2016).TheCocaColaCo.Companyprofile.

RetrievedJuly5,2016,fromBusinessInsights:Globaldatabase.
GlobalData.(2015,June10).PepsiCoInc.:Financialandstrategic

analysisreview.RetrievedfromBusinessInsights:Global

database.

Conference Board of Canada

Burt,M.(2009,September).Canadasfoodservice

industry.CanadianIndustrialOutlook,Summer2009.Retrieved

fromConferenceBoardofCanadaeLibrary.

EIU
EconomistIntelligenceUnit.(2010,September).Country

report:Canada.RetrievedfromEconomistIntelligenceUnit

database.

Factiva
FactSetResearchSystemsInc.(2016).Facebook,Inc.Company

snapshot.RetrievedAugust16,2016,fromFactivadatabase.

Infomart.ca
Infomart.ca.(2016,July7).Pharmaceuticalsindustry

report.RetrievedfromFPAdvisordatabase.

Lexis/Nexis
LexisNexis.(2010,September14).ResearchInMotion(RIM),Ltd.

RetrievedfromHooversCompanyRecords.

Mergent Online
Mergent.(2016,August18).Amazon.comInc.Fullcompanyreport.

RetrievedfromMergentOnlinedatabase.

Passport
EuromonitorInternational.(2016,August5).TobaccoinCanada.

RetrievedfromPassportdatabase.

Citing Annual Reports in your Reference

List
From a company website
MicrosoftCorp.(2009).2008Annualreport.Retrievedfrom

http://www.microsoft.com/investor/reports/ar09/10k_fr_inc.html

From SEDAR
CanadianTireCorporationLtd.(2010,March18).52109F1

CertificationofannualfilingsCEO(E).Retrieved

fromhttp://www.sedar.com/

From Mergent Online

WeyerhaeuserCo.,Ltd.(2009,December31).Annualreportandform

10K.RetrievedfromMergentOnline.

Citing Articles in your Reference List

Format:
Author,A.A.,Author,B.B.,&Author,C.C.(Year).Titleof

article:Subtitleifapplicable.TitleofPeriodical,volume

number(issuenumber),startpageendpage.
 Changes to the APA style guide mean that you are no longer required to state which
database an article was retrieved from (unless it would be difficult to locate the item
otherwise). Cite as if it were a regular print journal article.

Examples:
Halachmi,A.(2005).Governanceandriskmanagement:Challengesand

publicproductivity.InternationalJournalofPublicSector

Management,18(4),300317.

Chou,Y.,Lee,C.,&Chung,J.(2004).Understandingm

commercepaymentsystemsthroughtheanalytichierarchy

process.JournalofBusinessResearch,57(12),14231430.

Griffiths,R.&Lyle,G.(2005,December22).Whyyoungpeople

dontvote.NationalPost,p.A.24.

Online magazine/journal/newspaper, without DOI [Digital

Object Identifier]
Chase,K.(2007,March26).ConfessionsofaPVRuser.Marketing

Magazine.Retrievedfrom

http://www.marketingmag.ca/magazine/current/feature/article.jsp?

content=20070326_69157_69157

Aschkenase,S.&HedgeL.(2010).Whathealthycompaniescanlearn

fromdistressedcompanies.IveyBusinessJournal,74(2).

Retrievedfromhttp://www.iveybusinessjournal.com/
Morales,S.(2007,February28).Agreyingpopulation:Whatdoes

itmeanforCanada?Retrievedfrom

http://www.cbc.ca/news/background/seniors/

Online magazine/journal/newspaper, with DOI

Leeflang,S.P.H.&Wittnik,D.R.(2000).Buildingmodelsfor

marketingdecisions:Past,presentandfuture.International

JournalofResearchinMarketing,17(23),105126.doi:

10.1016/S01678116(00)000082

Citing Websites in your Reference List

Format
Author,A.A.,&Author,B.B.(Dateofpublicationorn.d.ifnot

dated).Titleofdocument.

Examples
BullfrogPower.(n.d.).Cleanpower.Retrievedfrom

http://www.bullfrogpower.com/clean/clean.cfm

IpsosNorthAmerica.(2010,FridayJuly30).Canadianstake

advantageofsummervacationbyenjoyingsomedowntime.

Retrievedfromhttp://www.ipsosna.com/news

polls/pressrelease.aspx?id=4884
Morales,S.(2007,February28).Agreyingpopulation:Whatdoes

itmeanforCanada?Retrievedfrom

http://www.cbc.ca/news/background/seniors/

RyersonUniversity.ComputingandCommunicationsServices.

(2010).Usersguidetoacademiccomputingandthe

internet.Retrievedfromhttp://www.ryerson.ca/acs/usersguide/

Source:
http://learn.library.ryerson.ca/citationhelp/apabusiness

Referencing Errors

A number of the sources below, presented in the Harvard Style of referencing,

contain one or more errors. Identify and summarise in the right hand column
below the nature of any errors that you spot.

References Error(s)?

Http://www.bbc.co.uk/bob/callcentres/ [Accessed
09/08/2004].

BUSINESS STRATEGIES (2000). Tomorrows Call

Centres: a Research Study.

DEPARTMENT FOR TRADE AND INDUSTRY (2004).

The UK Contact Centre Industry: a Study. [Report].
 London: Department for Trade and Industry.

HEALTH and SAFETY EXECUTIVE. Psychosocial

Working Conditions in Great Britain in 2004.

HUWS, U (1999). Virtually There: the Evolution of

Call Centres. [Report]. London: Mitel Telecom Ltd.

HUWS, U (1993). Teleworking in Britain: a Report to

the Employment Department. Research Series No 18,
Oct 1993. London: Department of Employment.

HUWS, U (1996). eWorking: an Overview of the

Research. [Report]. London: Department of Trade
and Industry.

KEY
Http://www.bbc.co.uk/bob/callcentres/ [Accessed 09/08/2004].
Comment: More information is needed; in this example, the name of author or
originator and title of item needed to be shown, e.g. BBC (2004). Brassed-off
Britain: Call Centres. Available at http://www.bbc.co.uk/bob/callcentres/ [Accessed
09/08/2004].

BUSINESS STRATEGIES (2000). Tomorrows Call Centres: a Research Study.

Comment: You need to give details of where this study can be located, e.g. name
of publisher or details of website, e.g. BUSINESS STRATEGIES (2000). Tomorrows
Call Centres: a Research Study. Available at www.businessstrategies.co.uk
[Accessed 07/07/2008].
DEPARTMENT FOR TRADE AND INDUSTRY (2004). The UK Contact Centre Industry:
a Study. [Report]. London: Department for Trade and Industry.

Comment: This source is correctly referenced.

HEALTH and SAFETY EXECUTIVE. Psychosocial Working Conditions in Great Britain

in 2004.

Comment: the date of publication and detail of publisher is missing. If the text is
anything other than a book, you need state what it is, e.g. a report. So the full
reference should look like this: HEALTH and SAFETY EXECUTIVE (2004).
Psychosocial Working Conditions in Great Britain in 2004. [Report]. London: Health
and Safety Executive.

HUWS, U (1999). Virtually There: the Evolution of Call Centres. [Report]. London:
Mitel Telecom Ltd.

HUWS, U (1993). Teleworking in Britain: a Report to the Employment Department.

Research Series No 18, Oct 1993. London: Department of Employment.

HUWS, U (1996). eWorking: an overview of the research. [Report]. London:

Department of Trade and Industry.

Comment: Where you have more than one publication by the same author, these
need to be listed in chronological order, with the earliest listed first. So Huws
(1993) would be the first listed in this trio of sources.

Colin Neville c.neville@bradford.ac.uk July 2008