LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

1 - Concept → accessory system and independent from the bloodstream to flow of f

luid from tissue spaces. 2 - Constitution → plexus lymphatic: lymphatic capillar
ies (a layer of overlapping endothelial cells) lymphatic vessels (three layers s
imilar veins, presence of valves) → trunks lymphatic: lymphatic duct right thora
cic duct lymph → → → organs lymph nodes 3 - Functions → to return to the bloodst
ream of vital substances, especially proteins → defend the body against diseases
by phagocytosis and the immune response, formation of a defense mechanism for t
he body, when a foreign protein is drained from an infected area, specific antib
odies this protein are produced by immunologically competent cells and lymphocyt
es, or dispatched to the infected area. → absorb lipids that are digested in the
alimentary canal, fat absorption and transport, in which special lymph capillar
ies (milk), get all fat absorbed (kilo) of the intestine and lead through the th
oracic duct into the venous system. → drainage of tissue fluid, plasma collectio
n of lymphatic tissue spaces and transport lymph to the venous system. → conserv
ation of plasma proteins and fluid. 4 - Capillaries → smaller lymph vessels of t
he lymphatic system drivers have thin walls → → originate from microscopic funds
blind → contains few valves and is larger and more irregular → blood capillarie
s are found in most areas where blood capillaries are located 5 - → lymphatic ve
ssels are of larger caliber lymphatic capillaries draining the presence of many
valves → → walls similar veins with three layers
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6 - → increased thoracic duct lymph vessel body → is common trunk of all lymphat
ic vessels of the body except: ▫ upper right lobe of the liver ▫ ▫ right lung an
d pleura of the right side of the heart's right upper limb ▫ ▫ of right side of
the head, neck and chest → originates in the abdomen (chyle cistern), under the
diaphragm → reaches the left subclavian vein and left internal jugular vein → ri
ses with the aorta to the left, right azygos vein, esophagus previously vertebra
l bodies and later; → presence of valves, at the time → T4, T5 and T6 crosses to
the left; → through the aortic hiatus, and located in the posterior mediastinum
7 - → duct right lymphatic vessel with 4 cm long, resting on the anterior scalen
e muscle; → flows at the confluence of the right internal jugular vein and right
subclavian vein; → drains lymph from: ▫ upper right lobe of the liver ▫ ▫ right
lung and pleura of the right side of the heart's right upper limb ▫ ▫ right sid
e of the head, neck and chest in August - → Lymph nodes vary in shape, size and
color → are small oval bodies found along the course of lymphatic vessels → Stru
cture: ▫ surrounded by a fibrous capsule called extensions have ▫ ▫ trabeculae h
ilus where blood vessels enter and leave; ▫ cortex with presence of lymphocytes
forming nodules; ▫ marrow with the presence of lymphocytes that form strands; ▫
presence of vessels afferent and efferent (breasts); → Function: ▫ protection by
filtering, removing the potentially harmful material before it enters the blood
stream. Main → ▫ deep cervical lymph nodes: located in the carotid sheath draini
ng head and neck; ▫ Axillary: upper limbs, mammary glands, skin and muscles of t
he chest, back and bottom of the back of the neck;
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▫ tracheobronchial: positioned around the thoracic part of trachea and bronchi,
draining the lungs and heart; ▫ pre-aortic: located ventrally to the aorta by dr
aining the gastrointestinal tract, liver, pancreas, spleen and lymph nodes more
than 100 of the mesentery; ▫ inguinal: located in the groin, drain the lower lim
b, external genitalia and anterior wall of the abdomen; 9 - The Lymph → Lymph co
nsists of: Part Net Similar to blood plasma, originates in the interstitial spac
es, so your net is basically the interstitial fluid, and that we define as the n
et surplus. Compulsory charge Lymphatic It consists of macromolecules of protein
, fatty acids and also by bacteria and cellular debris, which must be taken from
the interstitial to ensure homeostasis (maintenance of the normal internal envi
ronment). For this function, the lymphatic capillaries, represent the only possi
bility of withdrawal. The Lymph also contains cells such as lymphocytes, granulo
cytes, erythrocytes,€macrophages and possibly cancer cells. Fibrinogen is also p
resent in small amounts, so the lymph coagulates slowly. Lymph flow of the lymph
flow is relatively slow during periods of inactivity of an area or organ. Muscl
e activity causes the onset of faster flow and regular. The lymph circulation in
creases during peristalsis (movement of the viscera of the digestive tract) and
also with the increase of respiration, but is little influenced by elevated bloo
d pressure. → → → → clear, colorless liquid, except in vessels of the intestine
low concentration of protein and few red blood cells greater number of leukocyte
s (lymphocytes) lymph flow: ▫ ▫ action of skeletal muscles by the increased rate
of respiration ▫ contraction of smooth muscles of the walls → importance of the
vascular flow of lymph: ▫ replacement of proteins that are lost from the capill
aries into the bloodstream protection ▫ ▫ an inadequate flow of lymph may cause
edema, leading to deformities (lymphedema)
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10 - Lymphatic Drainage 10.1) Mamas ▫ mammary papilla, areola, and lobules of th
e gland (subareolar lymphatic plexus) → axillary lymph nodes and parasternal. 10
.2) Lungs, trachea and bronchi of the lungs lymphatic plexus ▫ superficial and d
eep → → bronchopulmonary lymph nodes tracheobronchial lymph trunk → → broncomedi
astinais right lymphatic duct. 10.3) Heart ▫ subepicardial lymphatic plexus → tr
acheobronchial lymph nodes. 10.4) Stomach ▫ gastric lymphatic vessels → → gastro
mentais gastric lymph nodes and celiac lymph nodes.
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10.5) Duodenum ▫ duodenal lymphatic vessels → pancreaticoduodenal lymph nodes py
loric → → → superior mesenteric lymph nodes celiac 10.6) Intestine ileocolic lym
ph nodes and mesenteric ▫ ▫ upper transverse colon: middle colic lymph nodes and
mesenteric superior. 10.7) Kidneys ▫ lumbar lymph nodes 10.8) Ureters ▫ common
iliac lymph nodes, lumbar (lateral aortic), internal iliac and external. 10.9) L
eg ▫ superficial and deep lymphatic vessels; ▫ lymphatic vessels that accompany
the great saphenous vein → → superficial inguinal lymph nodes deep inguinal and
external iliac. ▫ lymphatic vessels accompanying the small saphenous vein → popl
iteal lymph nodes. ▫ lymphatic vessels → deep popliteal lymph nodes, deep inguin
al and iliac extrnos. 10.10) Superior Members ▫ There are five main groups of ly
mph nodes: Apical - receives lymph from all other axillary lymph nodes; Ches
t - chest wall and breasts; Subscapula - upper quadrant of the back; Humeral
- every member except that lymph coming from the cephalic vein; Central - pec
toral, subscapular and humeral; 10.11) Face ▫ lymph nodes submental, submandibul
ar, parotid, mastoid and occipital → deep cervical lymph nodes;
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10.12) Language ▫ third revision → superior deep cervical lymph nodes; ▫ 2 / 3 a
nterior and medial inferior deep cervical lymph nodes →; ▫ 2 / 3 and lateral → s
ubmandibular lymph nodes, submental lymph → ▫ apex; 10.13) Head and Neck Super
ficial Lymph Nodes: ▫ ▫ ▫ ▫ ▫ ▫ ▫ ▫ lymph lymph lymph lymph lymph lymph lymph ly
mph nodes superficial occipital mastoid parotid oral submental submandibular jug
ular-omo-hyoid
Deep Lymph Nodes: ▫ ▫ ▫ ▫ ▫ ▫ ▫ lymph lymph lymph lymph lymph lymph retrophari
ngeal deep cervical jugular-omo-hyoid jugular-digastric submental submandibular
infra-hyoid
11 - lymphoid organs thymus → → → tonsils, spleen 11.1) Timo → flattened body wi
th two lobes → location: the anterosuperior portion of the chest in front of the
aorta and posterior to the sternum → characterized by the arrangement of lobes
→ function: the body's defense 10.2 ) → Spleen organ oval, located on the left s
ide of the abdomen under the diaphragm and behind the ribs (left hypochondrium)
→ Size: 12.5 cm long and 7.5 cm wide → Weight: 200g → sided diaphragmatic and vi
sceral → top edges (bevels) and lower extremities and back →
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→ → splenic hilum splenic tissue is formed by the white pulp and red pulp; → Tra
beculae that are projections of the capsule dividing it into a series of compart
ments are incomplete; → function: ▫ ▫ defense filtering the blood through the im
mune response of blood vessel ▫ ▫ destruction of erythrocytes
10.3) Tonsils → guard the entrance and exit of food and respiratory tracts again
st microbial invasion,€forming a ring lymphatic → Classification: tonsils, adeno
ids and lingual.
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Guided Study 1 - What are the components of the lymphatic system? 2 - What are l
ymph nodes? What are the key chains of lymph nodes in our bodies and what they d
rain? 3 - Explain the importance of the tonsils in the formation of lymphatic ri
ng. 4 - Featuring anatomically spleen. 5 - What are the lymphatic ducts of our b
ody and what regions they drain? 6 - What are the functions of the lymphatic sys
tem? 7 - What is lymphedema?
GUIDE TO CLASSROOM PRACTICE
- SYSTEM LINFÁTICOEste script is an aid to their study in practical and theoreti
cal classes. It is by no means a list of topics that may be charged in theoretic
al or practical evidence. Thus, the student should not limit their study to this
script or its subject matter treated. It is essential to consult the recommende
d bibliography and frequency classes.
1 - Identify the main chains of lymph nodes, 2 - Identify the lymph ducts, 3 - S
pleen: Find it and relates it with other organs of the cavity; Identify your
margins, face, extremities and impressions; Identify the splenic hilum and it
s contents as the splenic artery and vein, and 4 - Tonsils Identify the lingua
l tonsils, palate and pharynx.
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