MINISTRY OF EDUCATION SECTOR OF TECHNOLOGY GRADUATE Series: graduate students an

d other
Federal University of Parana UFPR DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICITY Group: Civil
Title: Introduction to electrical engineering
Version: 001/2004
CONCEPTS OF ELECTRICITY RESIDENTIAL
Prof. Tibiriçá Krüger Moreira Page 1 of 17
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION SECTOR OF TECHNOLOGY GRADUATE Series: graduate students an
d other
Federal University of Parana UFPR DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICITY Group: Civil
Title: Introduction to electrical engineering
Version: 001/2004
Basics of Electricity
PRESENTATION
Electricity came to benefit us, but like everything in life we must take care to
treat it. The electric current is the big offender, since it is what causes dea
th. Therefore the voltage of 127 V or 220 V has the same danger, depending on co
nditions. Everything depends on the energy concentrated at one point, namely, po
wer. In this short presentation, we speak of three quantities that we sometimes
seem confusing or see this greatness.
Prof. Tibiriçá Krüger Moreira Page 2 of 17
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION SECTOR OF TECHNOLOGY GRADUATE Series: graduate students an
d other
Federal University of Parana UFPR DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICITY Group: Civil
Title: Introduction to electrical engineering
Version: 001/2004
ELECTRICITY
To better understand this magnitude, we compare it with water, or water cannon b
eing our driver will be the water mains. The tap will be the regulator of the qu
antity of water that can be used. Its unit is ampere-"A".
TENSION
The tension can compare with the diameter of the pipe, or if the water flows mor
e freely or not. Cano would be fine voltage 127V and 220V voltage thick pipe. Hi
s unit is the Volt - "V"
POWER
In comparison our power is our water tank, or is the amount of water that we can
use to compare with the amount of energy. It does not help wanting to fill a bu
cket of 50 liters of water if our box is only 30 liters, in other words, if we w
ant to connect a shower of 5000 watts, we need to have this energy available. Wh
y when we need to use a transformer, we know how many watts is the equipment we
need to connect this transformer, otherwise, the transformer burns. His unit is
the watt - "W"
DANGER OF LIFE
Now we know the great things that will work, we see that we should take care whe
n handling electricity, and the care we should take to install a device that wil
l be handled by third parties. The electric current passes only kills when a qua
ntity in our hearts. So let us see the amount of current that flows in our heart
s when they inadvertently took a shock.
Prof. Tibiriçá Krüger Moreira Page 3 of 17
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION SECTOR OF TECHNOLOGY GRADUATE Series: graduate students an
d other
Federal University of Parana UFPR DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICITY Group: Civil
Title: Introduction to electrical engineering
Version: 001/2004
I =
I =
V Z
220V 1000Ω
I = 220 mA
9.7% 7.9%
9,
Prof. Tibiriçá Krüger Moreira Page 4 of 17
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION SECTOR OF TECHNOLOGY GRADUATE Series: graduate students an
d other
Federal University of Parana UFPR DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICITY Group: Civil
Title: Introduction to electrical engineering
Version: 001/2004
2.9% 2.9
1.8 1.8%
0 0%
Prof. Tibiriçá Krüger Moreira Page 5 of 17
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION SECTOR OF TECHNOLOGY GRADUATE Series: graduate students an
d other
Federal University of Parana UFPR DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICITY Group: Civil
Title: Introduction to electrical engineering
Version: 001/2004
There are three types of shock that can occur, namely: - Potential to touch When
we touch an energized surface. Potential for transfer-When we play in a person
who is energized. Potential-step When we step on energized surface. From now kno
w them in care and care of users of electrical equipment, such equipment found i
n all places, for example: • • • • • • Chainsaw, Gas Stove in our homes; Fridges
Radios, Televisions, Motor our boat;
And other equipment so common in our day to day.
BASIC ELECTRICITY PHASE AND NEUTRAL
In electricity we use drivers to transport the electrical current and these driv
ers have two names, namely: • A single driver - named after wire (wrongly called
a hard wire) • Several drivers gathered - is called out (wrongly called flexibl
e wire)
Prof. Tibiriçá Krüger Moreira Page 6 of 17
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION SECTOR OF TECHNOLOGY GRADUATE Series: graduate students an
d other
Federal University of Parana UFPR DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICITY Group: Civil
Title: Introduction to electrical engineering
Version: 001/2004
In electricity there are basically two types of energized conductors, namely: •
Stage, is the driver that offers life-threatening to be handled bad; • Neutral,
the driver is not providing life-threatening when grounded.
PRACTICAL EXPERIENCE
When you're reading this note, remember the experience we do in the classroom, w
here we show why we should not land anything in neutral, because this could turn
into a stage and endanger human life.
PROTECTION
The protection serves to prevent accidents to human life or equipment connected
to our electrical circuits. The protection should protect the assets on which yo
u are wiring. The protection is usually made with circuit breaker or fuse. In ou
r study will deal breakers. To calculate the value of protection should add all
the power installed in the circuit. Let's calculate the value of a circuit break
er to be installed in a home that has two bedrooms, a living room, kitchen and b
athroom. Each compartment has a 60W lamp and the bathroom have a shower of 3500
W. The residence has a fierce ironing of 2500 W. To calculate the value of the b
reaker should know that: power - W Voltage - V
current =
To this end we add up all the powers existing in our house:
Prof. Tibiriçá Krüger Moreira Page 7 of 17
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION SECTOR OF TECHNOLOGY GRADUATE Series: graduate students an
d other
Federal University of Parana UFPR DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICITY Group: Civil
Title: Introduction to electrical engineering
Version: 001/2004
Lamps - Five pieces that have bulbs of 60W each, so we
CONSUMPTION OF LAMPS
power = 5 x60W current total power 300W = 300W 127V
The current of 2.36 or 2.5 amps
CONSUMPTION OF IRON CLOTHES
Total power = 2500W = 2500W 127V current
The current 19.7 or 20 amp breaker Therefore we must have a minimum of 22.5 A. H
ow should we have a tolerance must provide a 30 A circuit breaker for the shower
, we must have a separate circuit and therefore we calculate the protection;
CONSUMPTION OF THE SHOWER
Total power 3500 W power = 3500W 127V
The current 27.6 or 28 amp breaker Therefore we must have a minimum of 28 amps.
How should we have a tolerance, we provide a circuit breaker 35 A
Prof. Tibiriçá Krüger Moreira Page 8 of 17
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION SECTOR OF TECHNOLOGY GRADUATE Series: graduate students an
d other
Federal University of Parana UFPR DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICITY Group: Civil
Title: Introduction to electrical engineering
Version: 001/2004
LIGHTING
Lighting should always install the neutral wire in the lamp and the hot wire on
the switch (key light). The wire coming from the key and goes to the lamp is cal
led back. We always use this method, so that if the lamp is off, we can not shak
e this fear of taking an electric shock. By ensuring that we always move in a ci
rcuit, we turn off the circuit breaker.
Circuit with a switch turns off
Stage lamp Neutral Return
switch
Prof. Tibiriçá Krüger Moreira Page 9 of 17
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION SECTOR OF TECHNOLOGY GRADUATE Series: graduate students an
d other
Federal University of Parana UFPR DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICITY Group: Civil
Title: Introduction to electrical engineering circuit with parallel key lamp Neu
tral
Version: 001/2004
Return Phase
Key 1
Key 2
TAKEN
Jacks should install phase and neutral. When three pins should install the groun
ding conductor, always independent of the phase and neutral. We must never conne
ct the neutral ground. The neutral wire should always be on the left or bottom o
utlet.
Neutral
phase
Prof. Tibiriçá Krüger Moreira Page 10 of 17
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION SECTOR OF TECHNOLOGY GRADUATE Series: graduate students an
d other
Federal University of Parana UFPR DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICITY Group: Civil
Title: Introduction to electrical engineering
Version: 001/2004
phase
Neutral
CHOOSING THE TYPE OF DRIVER
The driver should be chosen in such a way that does not offer danger of short ci
rcuit and not come to bear on the energy it carried. We have two ways to choose
the driver to know.
Current capacity
We know the current that will circulate the driver, that is, once again we have
to calculate, through the power of the equipment to be connected to this. Let's
go back to our house previously presented:
We had five lamps and suppose we have two outlets in the room, two outlets in th
e kitchen and bedroom and an outlet for an outlet in the bathroom.
The kitchen made to bear a power of 2500 W (2500VA) and the others must bear 100
W. Let us assume that one of the sockets in the room will be connected to iron c
lothes.
Circuit Bulbs
To calculate the appropriate driver, let's consider that all the lamps are conne
cted in one circuit, or even a driver in the network; power lamps = 300W = 300 W
power. 127V current of 2.36 A or 2.5 Ampere
Prof. Tibiriçá Krüger Moreira Page 11 of 17
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION SECTOR OF TECHNOLOGY GRADUATE Series: graduate students an
d other
Federal University of Parana UFPR DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICITY Group: Civil
Title: Introduction to electrical engineering
Version: 001/2004
Let's now learn how to use the table sizing of the driver.
Prof. Tibiriçá Krüger Moreira Page 12 of 17
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION SECTOR OF TECHNOLOGY GRADUATE Series: graduate students an
d other
Federal University of Parana UFPR DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICITY Group: Civil
Title: Introduction to electrical engineering
Version: 001/2004
COPPER CONDUCTOR - TYPE BWF
EQUIVALENCE PRACTICE AWG / MCM METRIC SERIES X - CX PVC PVC/60o 70th C
PVC/60o C - EB - 98 C PVC/70o ABNT - NBR - 6148 - ABNT
AWG / MCM 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 1 1 / 0 2 / 0 3 / 0 4 / 0 250 300 350 400 500 600 700
750 800 900 1000
(Mm2) approx. (2.1) (3.3) (5.3) (8.4) (13) (21) (34) (42) (53) (67) (85) (107) (
127) (152) (177) (203) (253 ) (304) (355) (380) (405) (456) (507)
amp
15 20 30 40 55 70 95 110 125 145 165 195 215 240 260 280
Metric series mm2 1.5 2.5 4 6 10 16 25 35 50 70 95 120 150 185
amp
15.5 21 28 36 50 68 89 111 134 171 207 239 272 310
320 355 240 385 400 410 435 455 364
300
419
400 500
502 578
METRIC SCALE FOR DRIVERS (mm2) NOTES:
1) Power cable conduits (up to 3 cond. Remover), conf. NBR - 5410, 2) To conside
r long circuits NBR - 5410 CAP 525.
Prof. Tibiriçá Krüger Moreira Page 13 of 17
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION SECTOR OF TECHNOLOGY GRADUATE Series: graduate students an
d other
Federal University of Parana UFPR DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICITY Group: Civil
Title: Introduction to electrical engineering
Version: 001/2004
We can observe in the table that the driver that supports 2.5 amps is 1.5 mm2. T
herefore we must use the driver for the illumination of 1.5 mm2 circuit outlets
For calculation purposes, taken over 100W are specific to one type of service. T
o calculate the appropriate driver, let's assume that every decision-100W are co
nnected in one circuit, or even a driver in the network; Common Outlets: Power o
f 4 connectors 100W = 400 W circuit current = 3.15 amps In table we see that we
need a conductor 1.5 mm2 Outlets specific power of each outlet stream = 2500 W =
 2500W 127V circuit current = 19.6 amps
In the table we see that we need a conductor 2.5 mm2 circuit shower The shower i
s an independent circuit. The power shower pe 3500 W 3500W 127V current = curren
t in circuit = 27.6 A
In the table we see that we need a conductor of 4 mm2
Prof. Tibiriçá Krüger Moreira Page 14 of 17
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION SECTOR OF TECHNOLOGY GRADUATE Series: graduate students an
d other
Federal University of Parana UFPR DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICITY Group: Civil
Title: Introduction to electrical engineering
Version: 001/2004
POWER CIRCUIT
Let's calculate the total load drivers considering the total load circuit bulbs
= + circuit takes
Total load = 300W (lamps) +400 W (taken) +7500 W (specific shots) +3500 W (showe
r)
Total load = '11 .700 W 127V 11700W current = current total = 92.13 amps
In the table chose the conductor of 35 mm2 Voltage Drop
Depending on the distance from the switchboard to the load, there is a loss of e
nergy. For calculation purposes, we multiply the distance by the value of the lo
ad in watts.
For example, a shower installed 10 meters away from the switchboard; Fall = Dist
ance x 10m x 3500W Power Fall Fall = 35 000 Let's look at our table:
Prof. Tibiriçá Krüger Moreira Page 15 of 17
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION SECTOR OF TECHNOLOGY GRADUATE Series: graduate students an
d other
Federal University of Parana UFPR DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICITY Group: Civil
Title: Introduction to electrical engineering
Version: 001/2004
TABLE 2 metric series Conductor (mm2) 1.5 2.5 4 6 10 16 25 35 50 70 95 120 150 1
85 240 300 400 500
Down 2% 10 000 17 000 28 000 42 000 70,000,112,000 175 000 245 000 350 000 490 0
00 666 000 842 000 1.05 million 1.29 million 1.68 million 2.1 million 2.8 millio
n 3.5 million
In the table we see that the value of 35 000 corresponds to conductor 6 mm2
Conductor chosen
For the current method had, conductor of 4 mm2 to the method of voltage drop had
; conductor 6 mm2 Therefore we must use the driver of 6 mm2.
Prof.€Tibiriçá Krüger Moreira Page 16 of 17
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION SECTOR OF TECHNOLOGY GRADUATE Series: graduate students an
d other
Federal University of Parana UFPR DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICITY Group: Civil
Title: Introduction to electrical engineering
Version: 001/2004
Colours of the cores
Type of conductor
Neutral Phase Earth Return Symbology (NBR 5444)
Color
Black, white, red, light blue gray green, green with yellow stripes Other colors
(yellow, pink, ...)
Lamps
Incandescent light bulb fluorescent light wall wall
Switches
•
the
the
Intermediate or A parallel section Breaker Cleaning
taken
Power outlet socket power 2.0 meters 30 centimeters Phone Jack
◑
Taking TV
drivers
Phase Neutral Return
Prof. Tibiriçá Krüger Moreira Page 17 of 17