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Building Designer Documentation page 2
Chapter 1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
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Building Designer Documentation page 4 Chapter 1 : Introduction
Chapter 1 Introduction
Fastrak Wind Modeller is design software which allows you to load a Fastrak Building Designer
model for wind in accordance with BS6399-2:1997. The wind load assessment is performed on
the walls and roofs which are applied to your building model. The resulting wind loads are
distributed back to the members for structural analysis and design.
Fastrak Wind Modeller is a very powerful tool which has been developed to aid engineers in
their assessment of wind loading on a building. You will find that the determination of the
wind speeds, the pressures and the zones is rigorous but the final wind loads adopted are your
responsibility.
The aim of this document is to enable you to become productive with Fastrak Wind Modeller
as quickly as possible. For further information you should look at the Fastrak Wind Modeller
Engineer's Handbook which is installed in the Documentation folder which you will find
within the folder to which you installed your Fastrak products.
All beams (except the transfer beam at the first floor and the flat roof at the second floor) are
of composite construction.
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Building Designer Documentation page 6 Chapter 2 : Application of the BS:6399 wind module to a structure.
If the model created falls beyond the limits of Figure 3, then the building should be assessed
using established dynamic methods.
1] Open the prepared model Wind QS Start.fastrak which you will find in the
\documents and settings\All Users\Application
Data\CSC\Fastrak\Examples folder.
Note Before you use the wind module we advise you to perform a gravity design for the
model.
The model just opened has almost completed its gravity design, the final stage is to
provide the lightweight roof and roof loading to the structure.
2] Open the 3D Structure view and view it from the South-East.
Footnotes
1. Starting with chapter 3 which is where the example proper starts.
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Building Designer Documentation page 8 Chapter 3 : Application of roofs to the model
Note Roofs do not add extra load or stiffness to your model and do not create
diaphragm action.
3] Now, in sequence, select the points in the structure which define the plane of
the roof element (as shown below).
Third click
Second click
Fourth click
Note You can either double click the 4th node or click the first node again to place the
roof element.
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Building Designer Documentation page 10 Chapter 3 : Application of roofs to the model
2] Select the roofing element you have just added to your model. Then use the
Properties pane to alter the span direction.
Note You can select several roof elements at once and change all their span directions
simultaneously.
3] Once you have changed the span direction of the roof element clear its
selection.
4] Place the rest of the roof elements on the structure as shown below. Please
take care to define them with the span directions shown.
Note The view above was created using the Sub-Structure command.
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Building Designer Documentation page 12 Chapter 3 : Application of roofs to the model
1] Use View Options to ensure that slabs and slab span directions are not shown
in the graphical display. Otherwise the slab will obscure the roof graphically.
2] Select Create and Roofs.
3] Select the nodes in sequence and place a roof element over the horizontal area
as shown below, ensure that it spans in the direction shown.
4] Use the previous method to apply the Roof Dead and Roof Imposed loading to
this area.
The gravity loading to the sloped roof areas has also been completed.
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Building Designer Documentation page 14 Chapter 3 : Application of roofs to the model
All of the members are in check mode so the design will be quick. The structure should
pass all the design checks successfully.
Note Walls do not add extra load or stiffness to your model and do not cause
diaphragm action to occur.
To place a wall element in your model, you must select its nodes in sequential order.
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Building Designer Documentation page 16 Chapter 4 : Application of Walls to the model
3] Ensure that you are in the Structure window and view the model from the
South-East so that you see it as shown below.
1 and 7 5
Note You can either double click the 6th node or click the first node again to place the
wall element.
You will see that the wall shown below is added to your model.
2] Select the wall which you have just created and look at the Properties pane.
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Building Designer Documentation page 18 Chapter 4 : Application of Walls to the model
3] Leave the span direction for the wall at its current setting of 0 degrees.
4] Clear the selection of the wall.
1] Pan and zoom the view to see the area shown below.
In this more complex arrangement of beams (a transfer area) a wall spanning in a horizontal
direction is not supported along the edge by a structural object.
In this case a you need to add a dummy member in the direction of the walls span and you
need an extra support at the base to carry this member.
In this area you must span the walls vertically since adding the dummy column will also
provide support for the transfer beam which is incorrect.
3] Place a support at the grid line intersection indicated above. Then turn off the
grids.
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Building Designer Documentation page 20 Chapter 4 : Application of Walls to the model
4] With the support in place, create both walls, ensuring that they span
vertically.
Timber Support
Size = Sawn Softwood 50 x 100 Simple Connections
Grade = D50
E analysis = 15000 N/mm2
7] With the attribute set created ensure that the it is set as the Default attribute
set for new beams that you create.
8] Select Create and Beam.
9] Now place the dummy members at the position along the bottom of the wall
panel as shown below.
Please note that the view of the walls has been turned off using View Options for clarity.
10] Finally place walls completely around the rest of the structure spanning at
zero degrees.
For a better view of walls and span directions use the wire view from the Scheme toolbar.
Remember to add a wall above the flat roof area as well.
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Building Designer Documentation page 22 Chapter 5 : Wind Definitions for Roofs and Walls
Although you have placed both roof and wall elements into your model, there is additional
information that you need to define before you can start to calculate the wind loading. We will
look at this now.
1] Select the Structure view and view the structure from the North-West.
2] Activate Show/Alter State mode.
In this mode the you can see and set the details for the individual roof and wall elements
in your model, by picking the appropriate option.
As you can see above you can define the inner and outer face of the walls, and the roof
type.
1] Select the Wall Surface option in the Show/Alter State dialog. You should see a
display similar to that below.
When you create a wall item you must define its orientation (which is its inner and outer
face) when it is subjected to wind.
You can use Show/Alter State to swap the inner and outer faces of wall elements to achieve
the result that you require. To do so simply click on the wall element whose orientation
you want to change.
2] Rotate the structure and click any walls that have the wrong orientation to
make all the Outer faces of the wall elements face the outside of the building.
When you have finished your walls should appear as shown below.
South-East
Isometric View
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Building Designer Documentation page 24 Chapter 5 : Wind Definitions for Roofs and Walls
1] Select the Roof Type option in the Show/Alter State dialog. You should see a
display similar to that below.
As you can see above all the roof elements have been given the type Auto when they were
defined.
5.2.1 Auto
Depending on the slope of the roof element, the Auto setting will automatically set the roof to
be either monopitched or flat. Generally this will yield conservative results. In many cases you
may consider another type setting to be more appropriate (see clause 2.5 of BS6399-2:1997),
but it is your responsibility to take control of this setting.
For this Quick Start Guide example you will change four roof elements to the Duopitch setting.
2] Change the roofs shown below from Auto to Duopitch by clicking them.
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Building Designer Documentation page 26 Chapter 6 : Wind Module
6.1 BREVe
Now that we have defined the roofs and walls of our model we can use the Wind Wizard to
determine the wind loading.
As you can see you have 2 options available to you for the wind code:
Standard effective wind speeds with standard pressure coefficients The standard
method determines the worst case parameters for all directions around the structure
in order to calculate the effective wind speed. If the orientation of the building is
known, then the parameter Sd which varies depending on the wind direction will have
a direct effect on the effective wind speed in that given direction.
Wind site information can be obtained from the BREVe data base or alternatively you can
choose the Other option and enter the relevant wind information yourself.
2] Make the settings shown in the capture above and then click Next.
This dialog needs the site location for the structure. You can provide this information
either by giving a grid reference or a selecting a position from a map. There are several
Internet based tools available to you which allow you to determine the Ordnance Survey
grid reference from a postcode or given location, for example www.streetmap.co.uk or
www.multimap.co.uk.
3] Click Site By Ref to see the Site Selector dialog.
Note You can either enter the Grid reference or the Easting and Northing positions in
metres to define the site location.
From the information given at the start of the Quick Start Guide, the location of our
structure is in Leeds with the grid reference of SE298339.
4] Enter this Grid reference into the dialog and click OK.
An alternative method for determining the wind information is to use maps and select the
location from these.
With the site location established BREVe will automatically create the site parameters:
Basic Wind speed
Effective wind Speed
Ground Roughness Categories
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Building Designer Documentation page 28 Chapter 6 : Wind Module
Altitude, and so on
All the default factors shown in the following calculations are safe values based on a 1 km
square and based on the BREVe database.
If you want to improve on this 1 km accuracy then you can enter the various parameters
manually. In this case you would pick the Manually improve 1 km resolution option.
For our example we will use the safe parameters within 1km square option, so ensure that
this is selected.
Once the site location is established BREVe automatically establishes the altitude at that
location. You can alter this either by using the Manually improve 1km resolution option or
by using the site editor.
On occasion you may construct your Fastrak Building Designer model with the datum
level not corresponding to the ground level. The Ground Level in Fastrak Model field
allows you to set the appropriate value so that the reference heights can be calculated
correctly.
You do not need to define the orientation of the building for the standard method. If you
choose the hybrid method, then you must define the buildings orientation
If you choose the Consider Topography option, then the wind module will use the BREVe
database to determine the altitude factor in accordance with BS6399 clause 2.2.2.2.3.
Otherwise the data in the database is ignored and Sa is calculated using clause 2.2.2.2.2.
If you pick the Consider Obstructions option, then BREVe will recover the obstruction
data from the database for selected site and determine the effective height He. If
obstructions are not to be considered, then He will be taken as Hr as in clause 1.7.3.2 and
no reduction is applied.
5] Ensure that the data shown below is set and then click Next>.
Initially Fastrak Building Designer automatically calculates the wind pressures in the 4
orthogonal directions of 0, 90, 180 and 270 degrees.
To view the parameters used in the BREVe analysis you can click the Details button.
The Structure report contains details of the parameters of the BREVe analysis after the
wind wizard has been completed. (Pick File/Report/Structure).
6] To complete the Wind Wizard click Finish.
This view allows you to see the effective wind speeds approaching the building in the 12
different directions. The four individual directions that were accounted for in the BREVe
wizard are shown by the black arrows (highlighted above).
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Building Designer Documentation page 30 Chapter 6 : Wind Module
The view also allows you to see the change in effective wind speed at the eaves and the apex
levels of the structure.
Since the orientation of the building is not required, north is not shown on the wind vortex
view.
As explained previously, with the topography being ignored, and with the directional factor Sd
being taken as 1.0 in all directions, and no reduction influences applied for obstructions, the
effective wind speeds are equal in all directions surrounding the structure.
Note To rotate the view of the structure click and drag using the right mouse button.
Note The Wind Loading tab at the bottom of the workspace window.
You can look at the wind vortex view at any time. Simply right click Wind Model in the
Workspace and then pick Open Wind Vortex View from the context menu.
The tick next to Pressure Zones in the Workspace indicates that all the roof- and wall-elements
are valid for the wind pressures in the directions which are shown.
You can expand the Wind Directions information for a direction and then expand the
information for the Roof Zones and Wall Zones to see the individual zones that have been
defined.
1] Right click on the Wind Directions entry Dir. 0.00 then pick Open Wind Direction
View from the context menu.
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Building Designer Documentation page 32 Chapter 6 : Wind Module
The zones shown above reflect the roof type settings. The single sloping roof left as Auto is
treated as a monopitch as its slope is more than 5 degrees. The other roof set to Auto is of
course treated as flat. With these designations the external pressure coefficients were obtained
from tables 8, 9 and 10 from BS6399.
The Update Zones and Wind Loadcases commands are also available in the context menu
obtained by right clicking in a Wind Direction view.
Name Fastrak Building Designer automatically sets the name depending on the
parameters which you have established.
Direction The direction for the wind for which the loadcase is being created.
+ve Cpe The use of positive external pressure coefficient for roof zones.
Note The only coefficient that you need to define manually is the internal diagonal
loading dimension ai, but you should check all values when creating loadcases to
ensure that the loadcase is as you intend.
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Building Designer Documentation page 34 Chapter 6 : Wind Module
a i = 10 3 Internal volume
The internal volume may be taken as the whole volume of the structure, a volume of a storey
height or an individual volume of a room.
For our structure we will use the internal volume of the storey, thus.
The floor to floor height between the first and second floor is 3.5 metres. You can use the
Buildings Levels command to check this.
You can find the Floored area by using the Material Listings command.
1] Select Design/Material Listing and then pick the Floored Area tab.
If you need to consider dominant openings then you should refer to Clause 2.6.2 of
BS6399 pt-2.
1] Delete the loadcase you previously created in the Wind Loadcases dialog.
2] Enter the value of 143.1 into the Auto ai field.
3] Click the Auto button and Fastrak Building Designer generates the following
loadcases.
For every wind direction Fastrak Building Designer generates 4 loadcases with positive and
negative Cpe values and -0.3 and 0.2 Cpi values. Hence for our model which has 4 wind
directions we get 16 loadcases. You can easily add more loadcases by clicking Add should
you need to consider other conditions, such as a Cpi value of 0.0.
4] Click OK.
Once the loadcases are established, you can view the loads graphically either by clicking
the Wind Zone Loads icon or by double clicking a loadcase in the Workspace.
To see the wind zone loading on the structure you must be looking at a wind directional
view.
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Building Designer Documentation page 36 Chapter 6 : Wind Module
5] Select the wind directional view at 0 degrees to see the view below.
6] Now double click a loadcase in the Workspace or click the Wind Load Zones
icon.
The Wind Load Net Pressures are displayed as area loads on the wall and panel elements.
You can use the loading drop down menu to view the 4 wind loadcases associated with
this direction.
1] Pick Loading/Combinations
2] Create the combination ULS+Wind @ 0degsCpi -.3, +Cpe as shown
below.
3] Now with the combination for wind established, Validate and Design the
model.
Once the analysis and design is completed the Design page of the Workspace shows the
basic details for each wind loadcase as shown below.
4] Change to the Structure view and use View Options to switch on the view of the
decomposed loads.
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Building Designer Documentation page 38 Chapter 6 : Wind Module
5] Using the Loadcase toolbar pick one of the wind loadcases that you generated
and the Structure window will show the loads that have been decomposed to
your structure.
In this example you have created a wind analysis for a small model, this may give you the
confidence to go on and try something for yourself. However, we would suggest that you book
yourself on the next available Fastrak Wind Modeller training day1, where you will find that our
expert tuition gives you a flying start, ensuring that you are fully productive in the shortest
possible time.
You might also want to look at the online documentation or help file which contain a
continuation to this worked example. This covers more of Fastrak Wind Modellers features
than has been possible in this short document and takes the wind modelling of your example a
little further.
Footnotes
1. Contact our Support Department for details.
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Building Designer Documentation page 40 Chapter 8 : The Wind Modeller Quick Start Guide Continues
In this example we will change these to have the Hip main type for the 90 degree direction
only.
1] Select the Wind at 90 view and view the structure from the South-East.
Footnotes
1. Starting with chapter 3 which is where the example proper starts.
3] In the Show/Alter State dialogue highlight the options for roofs types and
select Hip Main.
4] Change the Roofs shown by the arrows below to Hip Main by clicking them.
If you do make changes using a directional view, then you should be aware that the
changes will only take effect for that wind direction.
If you want to make changes which affect the model globally, then you should use the
Wind Vortex view or Structure view to achieve this.
5] Close the Show/Alter State dialog and look at the Wind tab of the Workspace.
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Building Designer Documentation page 42 Chapter 8 : The Wind Modeller Quick Start Guide Continues
As you can see there is a validation issue with the wind pressure zones, in particular with
the zones for some of the individual roof elements. Expand the Dir 90.0000 and Roof
Zones branches to see the items.
Since you changed the type of some of the roofing panels, the wind pressure zones have to
be updated to accommodate the changes you have made.
6] On the Wind toolbar click Update Zones.
Update Zones
The Workspace is updated to show the new status of the roof panels and graphical display
for the wind direction is updated to show the new zone layout.
When you make changes in the Wind Vortex View or the Structure View, then the changes
affect all the wind directions you have established. Thus when you click Update Zones, all
the directions are updated and validated to accommodate your changes.
1] Either pick Loading/Wind Wizard or click the or select the Wind Wizard icon.
2] On the first dialog select the options shown below and then click Next>.
The Wind Wizard remembers the current settings, so you will find that the location of the
site remains unchanged Leeds with a grid reference of SE298339. However, this time for
the wind analysis we will set the orientation of the building relative to the Fastrak Building
Designer axes by defining the Orientation of North Relative to Fastrak axes to 180 degrees.
We will also set the options to Consider Topography and any to Consider Obstructions.
Finally we will add an extra direction to consider the wind at 15 degrees.
3] Set the options shown below and then click Next>.
In the Wind Effective Wind Speeds Directions dialog we need to add the new direction of
15 degrees.
4] Click Add Dir to add a new direction line and then enter a value of 15 in the
Fastrak Directions column as shown below.
The data as shown above is invalid since the directions have to be in order.
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Building Designer Documentation page 44 Chapter 8 : The Wind Modeller Quick Start Guide Continues
Note The Sd values for the various directions are different this affects the final
magnitude of the wind force.
The Wind Vortex View shows the differing magnitudes of effective wind speeds
surrounding the building, it also shows the new direction of 15 degrees, and the north
direction relative to the Fastrak Building Designer axes.
7] Click the Wind Loadcase icon to define the loadcases for the new direction. You
will see that the existing loadcases are maintained.
You can now enter the loadcase information for the new direction of 15 degrees manually
using the Add button as described previously.
You can create combinations to include these wind loadcases in the usual manner.
1] Pick the Wind at 0.000 deg window. In the Loading toolbar click the Wind Zone
Loads icon, and from the drop list pick the Wind 0.000, Cpi 0.200, +Cpe
loadcase.
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Building Designer Documentation page 46 Chapter 8 : The Wind Modeller Quick Start Guide Continues
2] Single left click the zone shown above. You will see the Wind Zone Load Data
dialog.
1] Remove the check against Use Default Values and change the Cpi value to 0.0.
2] Click OK and you will see the net pressure for the zone change.
5] Enter the Altitude as 153 m and click Next> to see the Other Standard Wind
Data page of the Wind Wizard.
6] Complete the dialog as shown below and then click Next>.
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Building Designer Documentation page 48 Chapter 8 : The Wind Modeller Quick Start Guide Continues
You will see the Effective Wind Speeds dialog. The Wind Vortex View will show the wind
loading in the orthogonal 4 directions and the 15 direction we defined earlier. Click on
the line relating to this direction and then click Del Dir..
2] The previous altitude of 153m is maintained, so simply click Next>. This time
you will see the Other Hybrid Wind Data page.
This page of the wizard allows you to define basic wind data which is dependent on a
given direction. You can modify the parameters for each direction individually.
The Effective Wind Speeds dialogue.
Congratulations you have now finished this extension to the Quick Start Tutorial.
We hope that you have found the additional features it has covered both interesting and
helpful.
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