ABSTRACT:-

Fog Screen is breakthrough technology that allows projection of high quality images
in the air. It is currently the only walk-through projection screen. You can literally
use the air as your user interface by touching only the air with your bare hands. The screen
is created by using a suspended fog generating device with no frame around, and
works with video projectors. The fog they use is dry, so it doesnt make you wet even if you
stay under the Fog Screen device for a long time. The fog is made of ordinary water with
no chemicals what so ever. With two projectors, you can project different images on
both sides of the screen. It is a display device which is the application of computer
graphics.

Fog Screen technology is a high-tech version of the technology in a cool air humidifier. Tap
water is pumped into the fog tank where it is blasted with ultrasound, turning it instantly into a
thick fog made of tiny water particles 2-3 microns in diameter. The tanks internal design plus 3
sets of fans work together to create a very thin wall of mist about half of an inch thick. One set of
fans blows the fog downwards while the other two sandwichs the fog between air curtains so that
it becomes a smooth projection screen.

Fog Screen's basic patented technology presents an enormous number of possible

applications, sizes, forms, technical extensions (3D, for example), and versions. It can be merged
with many technologies. For example computer-vision-based finger tracking could enable
drawing in thin air, gaming, or a "fog web browser." With interactivity, the Fog Screen becomes
an immaterial computer touch screen with nearly unlimited applications.

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 I N D EX

Contents Page No

1) INTRODUCTION....1

2) EXISTING SYSTEM.......2

2.1 DISADVANTAGES..3

3) PROPOSED SYSTEM.5

3.1 FOG SCREEN.5

3.2 UNDER THE SURFACE.6

3.3 FORMATION OF FOG SCREEN...7

3.4 DIAGRAM OF FOG SCREEN GENERATION....8

3.5 WORKING OF FOG MACHINE9

3.6 FOG SCREEN MOVE THINGS FORWARD.10

4) APPLICATION....12

5) ADVANTAGES...13

6) LIMITATIONS.14

7) OPPERTUNITIES....14

8) SUCCESS OF FOG SCREEN..15

9) CONCLUSION.15

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 10) REFERENCES.
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1. INTRODUCTION:-

Inspired by science fiction movies such as Star Wars, two Finnish virtual
reality researchers created the Fog Screen to recreate some of the effects from these
movies in real life.
Fog Screen is an exciting new projection technology that allows to project
images and video onto a screen of dry fog, creating the illusion that the images are
floating in midair.

Fog Screen is the worlds first immaterial walk-through projection screen. Its
Qualities, in particular the walk-through capability, set Fog Screen apart from other displays and
thus created a seemingly successful market for its products.

The Fog Screen is an innovative display technology that allows for projections
on a thin layer of dry fog. Imagine the traditional pull down screen that is found in many
classrooms today. Instead of a screen being pulled down from the ceiling, fog is pushed down
and held in place by several small fans, allowing for a consistent surface for display.

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 2. Existing System:-

A projection screen is an installation consisting of a surface and a support structure used for
displaying a projected image for the view of an audience. Projection screens may be permanently
installed as in a movie theater, painted on the wall, semi-permanent or mobile, as in a conference
room or other non-dedicated viewing space such as an outdoor movie screening (open air
cinema). Uniformly white or grey screens are used almost exclusively as to avoid any
discoloration to the image, while the most desired brightness of the screen depends on a number
of variables, such as the ambient light level and the luminous power of the image source. Flat or
curved screens may be used depending on the optics used to project the image and the desired
geometrical accuracy of the image production, flat screens being the more common of the two.
Screens can be further designed for front or back projection, the more common front projection
systems having the image source situated on the same side of the screen as the audience.

Different markets exist for screens targeted for use with digital projectors, movie projectors,
overhead projectors and slide projectors, although the basic idea for each of them is very much
the same: front projection screens work on diffusely reflecting the light projected on to them,
whereas back projection screens work by diffusely transmitting the light through them.

In commercial movie theaters, the screen is a reflective surface that may be either aluminized
(for high contrast in moderate ambient light) or a white surface with small glass beads (for high
brilliance under dark conditions). The screen also has hundreds of small, evenly spaced holes to
allow air to and from the speakers and subwoofer, which often are directly behind it.

Rigid wall-mounted screens maintain their geometry perfectly just like the big movie screens,
which makes them suitable for applications that demand exact reproduction of image geometry.
Such screens are often used in home theaters, along with the pull-down screens.

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Pull-down screens (also known as Manual Wall Screens) are often used in spaces where a
permanently installed screen would require too much space. These commonly use painted fabric
that is rolled in the screen case when not used, making them less obtrusive when the screen is not
in use.

Electric screens can be wall mounted, ceiling mounted or ceiling recessed. These are often
larger screens, though electric screens are available for home theater use as well. Electric screens
are similar to pull-down screens, but instead of the screen being pulled down manually, an
electric motor raises and lowers the screen. Electric screens are usually raised or lowered using
either a remote control or wall-mounted switch, although some projectors are equipped with an
interface that connects to the screen and automatically lowers the screen when the projector is
switched on and raises it when the projector is switched off.

Switchable projection screen can be switched between opaque and clear. In the opaque state,
projected image on the screen can be viewed from both sides. It is very good for advertising on
store windows.

2.1 Disadvantages of Existing System:-

1. Projections can be Obscured

Projections can be obscured by people sitting in front of the projection source. Direct
presentation screens, although more expensive, feed the presentation directly from the
source-such as a laptop or desktop computer-into the screen, with no projection required.

2. Storage Space

Whiteboard projection screens require a lot of storage space or take up a lot of wall space
if mounted on a wall. Pull-down projection screens, which mount in an extremely small
space on the wall, take a lot less storage space.

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3. Sizing Issues and Setup

Fixed-size screens that don't roll down from a wall often don't match up to the height of
the projection. They are frequently too high or too short, and the projection source has to
be adjusted to accommodate the screen. Pull-down screens can be mounted high on the
wall and can be sized big enough to pull all the way to the floor, saving time when setting
up the projection.

4. Damage to the Screen

If a whiteboard projection screen is set up permanently, people can be tempted to draw on

it, particularly in a school setting with young children. Drawings done in many types of
ink are extremely difficult to clean off. Roll-down screens can be set at a height that
limits access.

5. Health Dangers

Many health officials have protested the use of whiteboard projection screens in schools,
claiming that the projection beam can damage students' retinas. Some students and
teachers have reported feeling dizzy or dazed after looking at the projection beam or
board. Direct presentation screens, which don't require a projector, minimize the potential
danger.

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 3. Proposed System:-

3.1 Fog Screen:-

It is one type of advanced projecting device which consumes water and electricity to form fogs
on which images are projected. Fog Screen is a patented technology, which Rakkolainen, one of
the senior researchers and founders behind this technology, describes as, an immaterial
projection screen that consists of air and a little humidity, and enables high-quality projected
images in thin-air, as well as many new applications..

Fog Screen is an exciting new projection technology that allows you

to project images and video onto a screen of dry fog, creating the illusion that the images are
floating in midair. Fog Screen is a just that, a 2D projection screen, but not a
common opaque screen like hundreds of others in the market, rather an
immaterial screen. The word immaterial in relation to display systems refers to those
that create that sense of imagery floating in mid-air, usually created using water, smoke or
fog. Fog screen is one such immaterial screen and uses the method of fog on which
to project imagery. The Fog Screen is an innovative display technology that allows
for projections on a thin layer of dry fog. Imagine the traditional pull down screen
that is found in many classrooms today. Instead of a screen being pulled down from
the ceiling, fog is pushed down and held in place by several small fans, allowing for
a consistent surface for display. A user may simply stand back and view the material
but can also reach or walk through the fog. A user may also interact with objects
displayed in the fog with the use of an input device like a data glove, a tracked wand, or
simply using hands. Currently, there are only nine Fog Screens available in the world.
Fog Screen is an exciting new projection technology that allows you to project
images and video onto a screen of dry fog, creating the illusion that the images are
floating in midair. You can literally use the air as your user interface by touching only the air
with your bare hands. The screen is created by using a suspended fog generating device
with no frame around, and works with video projectors. The fog they use is dry, so
it doesnt make you wet even if you stay under the Fog Screen device for a long time. The
fog is made of ordinary water with no chemicals whatsoever. The Fog Screen is a

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display technology that instead of using a traditional screen uses a thin layer of dry
fog as the display surface. The system starts with water that is held in a large plastic
container or comes from a regular water pipe. This water is drawn through a plastic tube via
a small engine. Users have the ability to control the density and flow of the fog and
the strength of the sandwiching air streams. With two projectors, we can project
different images on both sides of the screen. The Fog Screen is a new invention which
makes objects seems to appear and move in thin air! It is a Screen you can walk
through! The Fog Screen is created by using a suspended Fog generating device; there is
no frame around the screen. The installation is easy: just replace the conventional screen with
Fog Screen. We dont need to change anything else it works with standard video
projectors. The fog we are using is dry, so it doesnt make you wet even if you stay
under the Fog Screen device for a long time. The fog is made of ordinary water with no
chemicals whatsoever. With two projectors, you can project different images on both
sides of the screen crisp, and protected from turbulence. . All the important principles of
Fog Screen technology have patent pending. The basic components of the screen are
alumina, on-turbulent airflow, and a thin fog screen created this way, the fog screen is an internal
part of the laminar airflow, and remains thin and turbulence
.
3.2 U n d e r t h e S u r f a c e : -

As already mentioned, the screen is made up of a layer of fog. It is therefore quite unique
that such a substance could allow for clear and undisturbed image projection. The
secret lies in how this layer of fog in maintained.Palovuori writes that the Fog
Screen creates a large non-turbulent airflow to protect a dry fog flow inside it from
turbulence (see Figure1). The outer airflow may get slightly turbulent, but the inner fog
layer remains thin and crisp. In a sense, the outer a i r -flow is like air curtains t h a t
sandwich the fog flow and maintain its integrity
.

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 Principle of the Fog Screen

DiVerdi further explains that ordinary tap water (droplets of 2-3 microns) becomes
strapped inside this inner layer, and that even though the fog is made of water, it appears
dry to the touch, just like air. Therefore, the technology is, rather simple in nature, making
use of water and one device located above the screen to maintain the above mentioned
airflow. The Fog Screen works very much like an ordinary screen in terms of projection
properties. Fog Screen is best when used for real projection situations. Distance between
projector and screen should be a minimum of 2 meters.

3.3 Formation of f og screen :-

It is formed by using ordinary tap water and digital technology like ultrasonic
device to create a thin layer of dry fog which is sandwiched between two air-
curtains.
The fog is created by suspended fog generating device.
The fog is made up of ordinary tap water with no chemicals

Fog Screen creates a dry fog by ensuring that the water droplets are in the range of 2-3 microns
in size and are electro statically charged so that they move around and away from other objects.
The fog is made within the device using water and ultrasonic waves. If you hold your hands in
the fog flow, the fog feels dry and cool, and your hands do not get wet.

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After the screen is formed, images can be projected onto it. The screen can be translucent or fully
opaque. The fog we are using is dry, so it doesnt make you wet even if you stay under the Fog
Screen device for a long time. The fog is made of ordinary water with no chemicals whatsoever.
With two projectors, you can project different images on both sides of the screen. The founders
of the Fog Screen were intrigued with the prospect of creating an image that could float in the air
and that people could walk through (that is the Princess Leia effect). They set out to make a
projected image float in the air by using different media such as dust, water, fog. And then a mist
of tiny water droplets. They then had to iterate their design repeatedly to ensure that people
would not get wet and that the Fog Screen could operate within a broad range of environmental
conditions. The ultrasonic transducer is used to divide the water into small and tiny water
droplets as the fog which we are using here is completely dry and it is light. If we will take lager
water droplets then it will create wet fog which cant be used in the formation of screen. The fog
we are using is dry, so it doesnt make you wet even if you stay under the Fog Screen device for
a long time. With two projectors, you can project different images on both sides of the screen.

3.4 Diagram of Fog Screen generation:-

Here in two side air flow is given to make a constant flow of fog for the display of image.
Because if the outside air will enter then it may create disturbance in displaying
the image. As the fog here we are using are dry and very light.
The fog is made within the device using water and ultrasonic waves. If you hold your hands in
the fog flow, the fog feels dry and cool, and your hands do not get wet. After the screen is
formed, images can be projected onto it. The screen can be translucent or fully opaque.

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3.5 Working of Fog Ma c h ine:-

Fog Screen technology is a high-tech version of the technology in a cool air

humidifier.
Tap water is pumped into the fog tank where it is blasted with ultrasound,
turning it instantly into a thick fog made of tiny water particles 2-3 microns in
diameter. The tanks internal design plus 3 sets of fans work together to create a very thin
wall of mist about half of an inch thick. One set of fans blows the fog downwards
while the other two sandwiches the fog between air curtains so that it
becomes a smooth projection screen. Fog Screen works much like many screens
in terms of its projection properties and requires a 2kw power supply. A major
difference is the need for a water supply, with on screen using fifty litres of
tap water per hour. The Device situated above the fog screen enables the
purification of the water via a silver-ion channel and minerals within the tank are
cleaned out through regular maintenance. The opacity will depend on a
number of factors, mainly fog density, the projector, image brightness, and
the background. It appears to be a very versatile technology and can be
combined with many methods in order to achieve the imagery required, such
as pseudo 3Ddisplay and mechanisms to allow further interactivity via
tracking. The founders of the Fog Screen were intrigued with the prospect of
creating an image that could float in the air and that people could walk
through. They set out to make a projected image float in the air by using
different media such as dust, water, fog, and then a mist of tiny water droplets.
They then had to iterate their design repeatedly to ensure that people would not get
wet and that the Fog Screen could operate within a broad range
of environmental conditions.

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3.6 Fog screen move things forward:-

It is important to recognize the uniqueness of Fog Screen technology. It is not the

worlds first immaterial screen, but the first immaterial walk-through screen. This simple fact
is what distinguishes Fog Screen from all other displays. Rakkolainen continues to
explain the uniqueness of the technology by mentioning how other displays can
create the floating imagery effect but none are penetrable. There are water screens
creating huge displays for large audiences but they provide poor image quality.
Such large water based displays are also wet and so impractical for indoors, and walk-
through interaction. There have also been earlier technologies closely similar to Fog
Screen making use of forgather than water. However, they are typically wet and
turbulence affecting such screens seriously reduces the fidelity of imagery. To
reiterate what has been mentioned above, Fog Screen creates a non-turbulent airflow
of dry fog, cool to the touch. Erdem mentions in an article on performing arts how this
quality means that performers or anyone interacting with the screen for that matter will not be
restricted by the fog layer.
One can walk freely through the layer and the imagery will not be
dispersed or dist o r t ed. Fog Screen technology not only is unique as a stand-alone display.
Its qualities, mainly his i m m a t erial nature and walk-through capabilities, allow for
very advanced interface design .Olwal and other researchers have written that Fog
Screens dual-sided nature allows for new possibilities in multi-user face-to-
face collaboration and pseudo-3Dvisualization.Images can be projected on both sides of
the screen creating a3D visual effect as shown in figure 2 below.

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(Figure 2, support for dual-sided projection allows two independent images to be projected on each side,
such that a3D application can render two interactive views for a pseudo-3D effect
(Olwal et al, 2006)

Olwal has created several pseudo-3D interactive applications, an example being

Elastic Surface Denominator This interactive application allows a user to stretch and
sculpt, as well as to move and rotate a 3Dmodel of a head as shown in Figure 2.Not only
has Fog Screen been used with such psuedo-3D displays, it is the centre part of many
ongoing efforts towards real volumetric 3D displays. Dr Benzie in a large survey of
3D displays writes how volumetric displays are in a more advanced stage of development
with many already having a profitable market as with Fog Screen. It appears
therefore, that Fog Screen is a vital display for many researches in the world of 3DTV.

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 4. APPLICATIONS:-

Fog Screen has been used in live malls, product launches, museums, to attract
more and more peoples.
It is used in case of projection a 3D image esp. in studies.
It can be used in seminars to make it more interactive (we can walk through
the screen).
It can be used in place of air curtain in clubs to make it attractive. Museums,
events, trade shows, night clubs, casinos, TV shows, and amusement parks are a
number of areas where Fog Screen has been put into effective use. One industry
where it excels is in advertising. Lugmayr describes how Fog Screen can be used in
conjunction with laser scanner drivers, interactivity and rendering modules,
and a flash application. This creates an effective advertisement that entices a user
to walk through. A user could for example, select a brick wall, or a waterfall
via touch, walk through and by doing so see screen afterwards. Viewers tend to
remain captivated by such an interactive display as opposed to others. Fog Screens use
in trade shows has been well received. Nokia, one of many using the Fog
Screen products, installed a number of screens to trade show entrances that
showed an animation of a character walking and using the Nokia products.
Nightclubs are another area, where the screen literally becomes the entrance
into the club provoking the public to walkthrough. The Box nightclub in
Belfast has installed a number of them, providing amazing visuals inside. Fog
Screen can almost be used in any situation. The Fog Screen team also set up each
screen to their requirements in order that the effect is as expected wherever it
may be used. Its ability to be used throughout so many industries is evidence of
Fog Screens significance to
Multimedia and one that looks like it shall continue. Entertain your gue sts
with Fog Screen
Whether you are planning a rock concert, a prize ceremony, an anniversary,
any commercial or private event, we use the magical Fog Screen. Guests can enter
through the screen to an event!

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 Create a luxurious interior with Fog Screen
Immersive projection technology could use CAVE-like virtual rooms with fog walls,
making them effectively virtual virtual rooms.

5. Advantages:-

The Fog Screen developers say t he unique nature of Fog Screen will make it a
memorable experience for customers Fog Screen is environment all y friendly, a
sit uses on l y water as requirement and produces chemical free fog.
Increase p r o d u ct skill and quality of products
Safety for kids, fun and play time for the kids. It is I m m a t er i a l - you could
walk through it.
Increase production skills-technology transfer. -Reduce competition -increase
quality of product -Enter to new market. (In different market.)
Increase for workers with an increase in marginal cost Fog Screen is working on new
hardware products -Fog Screen with specialized capabilities (that is live performances,
retail environments, etc.). There are also significant enhancements being made to the
interactivity and 3-dimensional imaging capabilities of the screen.

6. Limitations:-

Fog Screen works best indoors with a dark background that enhances the
brightness of the image on the Fog Screen behind the projector. So, it cant be
used in daylight.

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 It is presently very much expensive, but theFogScreen.inc is working on providing it in a
reasonable price.
Price is one weakness, with the cost Fog Screen will have to cater for a specialized
market, unlikely ever to be used in the normal household or to replace plasma/LCD
displays.
Need 1kW of energy to produce 1m long fog screen. And it is produce 3-5 litres of water
in one hour which should be vent. And you can't make a high fog screen, because fog
would diffuse with distance.

7. Opportunities :-

There are endless opportunities to use the products, but for now these have
been mostly innovative marketing solutions and different exhibitions.
Stream of fog can appear and disappear within a fraction of a second, making
it a possibility for use in a live theatre setting to aid with special effects
Presently it is in demands in countries like Japan, Malaysia, Germany, France,
Greece, Russia, the UK and the USA; in recent future it will replace the existing method
of projection.
Developments are being carried out in making Fog Screen a Touch-Fog Screen to
make it more interactive for the viewer.

8. Success of Fog Screen:-

Fog Screen has been successfully used in this international event:

Entertainment (live shows, live concerts, nightclubs, stage productions,

private parties i.e. Disney Enchanted Tour, Eurovision, Harrahs, Cirque
deSoleil, MGM Grand, 20th Century Fox)

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 Brand promotions (P&G, Diesel, Victorias Secret. Bud light/Maxim Tour,
Xbox)

Trade shows and exhibition events (Nokia, Motorola, Sony, Siemens)

Theme parks (Key US theme parks)

Museums and Science Centers

9. Conclusion:-

Technology of the future literally revolutionizes the limits of projection screens and blurs
the boundaries among art, science, and fun.

10. Reference:-

www.fogscreen.com
www.google.com
www.wikipedia.com
www.scribd.com
www.slideshare.net

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