PHYSICS II PROJECT

SEM 1 (2015/2016)
GROUP MEMBERS:

1) ANISAH BINTI ABDUL NASIR 140783

2) FATIN UMAIDAH BINTI RAMLI 141142
3) ENGKU NORSOLIHAH BINTI NIK HUSIN 140966
4) FARAH SALWANA BINTI KHARUDDIN 141042

GROUP SECTION: 172

COURSE CODE: PHY 0225

PROJECTS TITLE: AIR POLLUTION AND HEAT TRAPPING

CONTENTS
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Bil. Content Page
1. Abstract 3
2. Introduction 4
3. Body
3.1 Air pollution and heat trapping 5
3.2 Causes of air pollution and heat trapping 6
3.3 Effects of air pollution and heat trapping 7
3.4 Solutions for the issues 9
4. Islamization 11
5. Conclusion 13
6. References 14

1.0 ABSTRACT
Air pollution is a mixture of solid particles and gases in the air. It occurs when the air
contains harmful amount of gases, dust, fumes and odour in harmful amount. The main
compositions of the air pollution are chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), water vapour, carbon
dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide. These mainly occur as a result of gaseous discharges
from burning in fossil fuels by industry and motor vehicles. Deforestation also causes air
pollution as there are no trees to process carbon dioxide gases. There are also natural events
that pollute the air include forest fires, volcanic eruptions, wind erosion, pollen dispersal,
evaporation of organic compounds and natural radioactivity. Air pollution can cause heat

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trapping as there are large amount of heat-trapping gases at the atmosphere. The health
effects caused by air pollution may include difficulty in breathing, wheezing,
coughing, asthma and worsening of existing respiratory and cardiac conditions. Individual
reactions to air pollutants are different, depend on the type of pollutant a person is exposed to,
the degree of exposure, and the individual's health status and genetics. Air pollution affects
the environment and also damages the composition of soil. In addition, these case also lead to
other serious phenomenon like greenhouse effect, global warming and acid rain. Thus, this
issue must be overcome immediately by individual, community, and government. Examples
of solutions are holding campaign and managing forest by community. The government
should revive up renewable sources and consider the use of energy efficiency and nuclear
reactor in Malaysia. Community should conserve the quality of air to avoid the next
generations face the same problems.

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3.0 CONTENTS OF AIR POLLUTION AND HEAT TRAPPING

3.1 AIR POLLUTION AND HEAT TRAPPING

Generally, air pollution and heat trapping have a correspond relationship between
each other. First of all, air pollution occur when the air contain gases, fumes, dust or odours
in harmful amount. This mainly occurs as a result of gaseous discharges from industry and
motor vehicles. The main compositions of air pollution are chlorofluorocarbon (CFCs), water
vapour, carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide.

Later, with too many heat- absorbing greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, too much
radiation gets trapped, this is where the process of heat trapping take place. It acts much like
the roof of the greenhouse, they trap on earth. This process happens in two steps which firstly,
greenhouse gases let the visible and ultraviolet light in sunlight to pass through the earth's
atmosphere and finally reach earth surface. Then, the second step is when the light strikes the
earth surface, it is reflected back to the atmosphere as heat. However, greenhouse gases
absorb this heat cause the heat to trap in the atmosphere. (Source: Elert)

Next, all of this will lead to the phenomenon of global warming that recently happens
in our country and also abroad. Among the issue that can be seen clearly in our country due to
the global warming are widespread destruction of wildlife habitat and also lots of health
problem will appear among our society. Meanwhile, as for the global issue, there is a melting
of ice at the Antarctica in the South Pole. (Source: Times)

Figure 1: Process of heat trapping

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3.2 CAUSES OF AIR POLLUTION AND HEAT TRAPPING.
3.2.1 BURNING OF FOSSIL FUELS

Manufacturing industries can be found at every corner of the earth and there is no area
that has not been affected by it. Manufacturing industries release large amount of carbon
dioxide, hydrocarbons, organic compounds, and chemicals into the air thereby depleting the
quality of air. Carbon dioxide mostly released into atmosphere from burning of fossil fuels
like coal, petroleum and other factory combustibles and trapped heat in the atmosphere.

3.2.2 SMOKES FROM THE VEHICLES

Pollution emitting from vehicles including trucks, jeeps, cars, trains, airplanes cause
immense amount of pollution. We rely on them to fulfil our daily basic needs of
transportation. But, there overuse is killing our environment as dangerous gases are polluting
the environment. Carbon Monoxide caused by improper or incomplete combustion and
generally emitted from vehicles is another major pollutant along with Nitrogen Oxides that is
produced these gases spread around the earth like a blanket, capturing the heat from be
radiated out into space.

3.2.3 DEFORESTATION

With desperate need for land for agricultural, logging, mining, urbanization and their
growing population, a direct action have recognize as Deforestation occurs. Deforestation
affects the atmosphere in several ways. Forests act as sinks for carbon dioxide through a
process called carbon sequestration. Trees store carbon dioxide in their plant tissue as they
take in this gas to undergo food-making. In effect, this action removes carbon dioxide from
the air. When forests are burned and destroyed, this storage area for carbon dioxide is
removed, increasing the concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide. This means more of it
stays in the atmosphere, trapping more heat. This lead to the heat trapping and cause global
warming.

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3.2.4 NATURAL PROCESS

However, there is also natural process that causes air pollution. Natural events that
pollute the air include forest fires, volcanic eruptions, wind erosion, pollen dispersal,
evaporation of organic compounds and natural radioactivity. The most problematic gases
emitted in a volcanic eruption include sulphur dioxide, carbon dioxide and hydrogen fluoride.
The gases will gather at the atmosphere and cause heat trapping. Fortunately, pollution from
natural occurrences is not very often.

3.3 EFFECTS OF AIR POLLUTION AND HEAT TRAPPING

TOWARDS HUMAN HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT.

3.3.1 EFFECTS TOWARDS HUMANS HEALTH.

People experience a wide range of health effects from being

exposed to air pollution. Effects can be broken down into short-term
effects and long-term effects. People react differently to different types of
air pollution. Young children and older adults, whose immune systems
tend to be weaker, are often more sensitive to pollution. Conditions such
as asthma, heart disease, and lung disease can be made worse by
exposure to air pollution. The length of exposure and amount and type of
pollutants are also factors.

Short-term effects, which are temporary, include illnesses such as

pneumonia or bronchitis. They also include discomfort such as irritation to
the nose, throat, eyes, or skin. Air pollution can also cause headaches,
dizziness, and nausea. Bad smells made by factories, garbage, or sewer
systems are considered air pollution, too. These odors are less serious but
still unpleasant.

Long-term effects of air pollution can last for years or for an entire
lifetime. They can even lead to a person's death. Long-term health effects
from air pollution include heart disease, lung cancer, and respiratory
diseases such as emphysema. Air pollution can also cause long-term
damage to people's nerves, brain, kidneys, liver, and other organs. Some
scientists suspect air pollutants cause birth defects. Nearly 2.5 million

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people die worldwide each year from the effects of outdoor or indoor air
pollution.

3.3.2 EFFECTS TOWARDS ENVIRONMENT.

Air pollution particles eventually fall back to Earth. Air pollution can
directly contaminate the surface of bodies of water and soil. This can
kill crops or reduce their yield. It can kill young trees and other
plants. Sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxide particles in the air, can
create acid rain when they mix with water and oxygen in the atmosphere.
These air pollutants come mostly from coal-fired power plants and motor
vehicles. When acid rain falls to Earth, it damages plants by changing soil
composition; degrades water quality in rivers, lakes and streams;
damages crops; and can cause buildings and monuments to decay.

Like humans, animals can suffer health effects from exposure to air
pollution. Birth defects, diseases, and lower reproductive rates have all
been attributed to air pollution.

3.3.3 GLOBAL WARMING.

Global warming is an environmental phenomenon caused by natural and

anthropogenic air pollution. It refers to rising air and ocean temperatures around the world.
This temperature rise is at least partially caused by an increase in the amount of greenhouse
gases in the atmosphere. Greenhouse gases trap heat energy in the Earths atmosphere.
(Usually, more of Earths heat escapes into space.)

Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas that has had the biggest effect on global warming.
Carbon dioxide is emitted into the atmosphere by burning fossil fuels (coal, gasoline,
and natural gas). Humans have come to rely on fossil fuels to power cars and planes, heat
homes, and run factories. Doing these things pollutes the air with carbon dioxide.
Other greenhouse gases emitted by natural and artificial sources also include methane, nitrous
oxide, and fluorinated gases. Methane is a major emission from coal plants and agricultural

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processes. Nitrous oxide is a common emission from industrial factories, agriculture, and the
burning of fossil fuels in cars. Fluorinated gases, such as hydro fluorocarbons, are emitted
by industry. Fluorinated gases are often used instead of gases such as chlorofluorocarbons
(CFCs). CFCs have been outlawed in many places because they deplete the ozone layer.

(Source: National Geographic)

3.4 SOLUTION FOR ISSUES OF AIR POLLUTION AND HEAT

TRAPPING.

3.4.1 RENEWABLE ENERGY AS ENERGY EFFICIENCY

Renewable energy such as solar, water, wind, wave, geothermal and

others can replace the usage of oil and natural gas in electricity. This

renewable energy proposed energy-related solutions to global warming,

air pollution mortality, and energy security while considering other

impacts of the proposed solutions, such as on water supply, land use,

wildlife, resource availability and water chemical pollution. Among the

alternative of renewable energy is by using the concentrated solar power

that generates solar power. This technology have been discovered first by

Spain. By using mirror or lenses to concentrate a large area of sunlight, or

solar thermal energy, onto a tower of a small area. Electricity is generated

when the concentrated light is converted to heat, which drives a heat

engine (usually a steam turbine) connected to an electrical power

generator.

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 Figure 2: Operation system for Concentrated Solar Power
(Source: Energy and Environment Science)
3.4.2 INNOVATING COMMUNITY TOWARDS DIY.
Besides campaign and planning trees, community can learn on saving

energy by creativity, do it yourself with the exposure of new technology

such a photovoltaic system. A photovoltaic system designed to convert

light directly into electricity. It consists of an arrangement of several

components, including solar panels to absorb and convert sunlight into

electricity, a solar inverter to change the electric current from DC to AC,

and other electrical accessories to set up a working system. Operating

silently and without any moving parts or environmental emissions, PV

systems have developed from being niche market applications into a

mature technology used for mainstream electricity generation. Among the

idea that can be configured is by using PV system on a bicycle to generate

electricity to move around.

Figure 3: Marketing of PV system on vehicles

3.4.3 PREVENTING ILLEGAL LOGGING BY LAWS
The forestry and timber industries play a very important role in the

socio-economic development of Malaysia. Malaysia has its National

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Forestry Policy (NFP), which outlines policies to ensure sustainability of the

forests, through various forest management initiatives. Amending

provisions of the National Forestry Act 1984 (amended in 1993). The

amendments have greatly increased pecuniary sentences and includes

mandatory jail sentences for offenders. The revised Act also enables the

forestry departments, whenever necessary, to enlist the help of the police

and armed forces in countering problems with illegal logging. Among the

categories of Illegal Logging Under the National Forestry Act 1984

(amended 1993) are offences involving logging without license, logging

outside licensed area and unauthorized construction of infrastructure and

forest roads and encroachment of forest reserves for agriculture activities

and settlement.

(Source: Malaysian Timber Council)

5.0 ISLAMIZATION

Surah Ar- Rum (Verse 41):

Meaning:

Corruption has appeared on land and sea because of what the hands of people have earned,

He thus lets them taste the consequences of their works that they may return.

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 Through this verse, it is clear that man will face the cost of damages he has inflicted
on his surroundings and nature throughout centuries. So, we need to be informed that we as
human are a part of our natural environment and the damage that we have created will
unavoidably affect us in the future.

Regarding our situation nowadays, the World Health Organization has already state
that, more than one billion people are under threat from pollution. It is impossible to evaluate
the degree of damage the public has suffered from throwing garbage and waste to the sea.
This habit is still going on. Sea pollution that threatens the marine fauna and flora, and the
settlement in their tissues of noxious substances, is thought to be the cause of many illnesses,
including cancer. Plus, Carbon dioxide emissions from cars and factories also contribute to
the greenhouse effect, and it is feared that drastic changes in global climate are causing
catastrophic disasters.

Overall, we see that environmental pollution is one of the greatest dangers for
humankind. This reference to pollution in the Quran at a time when there was no
environmental awareness is remarkably interesting. The Quran was not penned like books
that are products of the human mind under the influence of social and sociological realities in
due consideration of the current issues. It is sent by Allah, Lord of all times and beings.
Knowledge unavailable at the time of its descent, problems of the past and of the future are
all present in the Quran. Man is the author of his own destruction. The verse serves as a
warning to redress our own wrongdoings. The more we expend effort to counteract our past
shortcomings, the better we can protect ourselves against catastrophes. Ecology must be our
common concern.

Therefore, it is important to realise that the damage caused by us to our own

environment will also affect the land and the sea beyond our own limits. Nobody is allowed
to say, I am on my own. No one can meddle with what I do. Nature is our common
heritage and it is everybodys duty to protect our environment.

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6.0 CONCLUSION

As we all know that the air pollution and heat trapping has a close
correlation. It can be said that air pollution occurs everywhere, despite the
level of serious differs it between the country. Globally, air pollution has
contributed to heat trapping in Earth. Meanwhile the heat trapping has a
direct link with global warming which makes the condition more worse. Air
pollution can cause heat trapping as there are large amount of heat-trapping gases at the
atmosphere. As demonstrates, the impacts of a warming world are already
being felt by people around the globe. If climate change continues
unchecked, these impacts are almost certain to get worse. From sea level
rise to heat waves, from extreme weather to disease outbreaks, each
unique challenge requires locally-suitable solutions to prepare for and
respond to the impacts of global warming. Unfortunately, those who will

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be hit hardest and first by the impacts of a changing climate are likely to
be the poor and vulnerable, especially those in the least developed
countries. Thus, in order to reduce the effects of the air pollution and heat
trapping, people must unite gathers ideas to reduce the effects.
Developed countries must take a leadership role in providing financial and
technical help for adaptation. Examples of solutions are holding campaign and
managing forest by community. The government should revive up renewable sources and
consider the use of energy efficiency. Community should conserve the quality of air to
overcome this problems which getting worse day by day.

7.0 REFERENCES

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