Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
DEFINITIONS
PERSONS-ENVIRONMENT FIT:
Changes in the work and personnel environment are inevitable. A man who
doesnt feel comfortable with his/her work environment is in what psychologist refers to
as state of disequilibrium.
In this stage the persons skills, abilities and goals do not fit with the work
environment (boss, co-workers).
The lack of fit between the person and environment can have results on several
levels: subjective (feeling fatigued), behavioral (Accident-proneness), cognitive (a mental
block), psychological (elevated blood pressure), and organization (higher absence rate).
1
STRESS AND DISEASE:
Job related stress has been associated with a vast array of diseases such as
coronary heart disease, hypertension, peptic ulcers, Colitis and various psychological
problems including anxiety and depression.
Research has shown that stress directly affects the endocrine system, the cardio
vascular system, the muscular system and emotion. It also has an influence on the entire
body.
TYPES OF STRESS:
1. Eustress
2. Distress
1. EUSTRESS
Good stress is called Eustress. It means what helps a person complete a report on
time or generate a good, quick problem solving procedure. It is the positive stress.
2.DISTRESS
Bad stress is called Distress. It is the negative stress. The stress which demotes
our self is called the distress.
In a challenging situation the brain prepares the body for defensive action-the
fight or flight response by releasing stress hormones, namely cortisone and adrenaline.
These hormones raise the blood pressure and the body prepares to react to the situation.
With a concrete defensive action (fight response) the stress hormones in the blood get
used up. Entailing reduced stress effects and symptoms of anxiety.
When we fail to counter a stress situation (flight response) the hormones and
chemicals remain unreleased in the blood stream for a long period of time. It results in
stress related physical symptoms such as tense muscles, unfocused anxiety, dizziness and
2
rapid heartbeats. We all encounter various stressors (causes of stress) in everyday life,
which can accumulate, if not released subsequently, it compels the mind and body to be
in an almost constant alarm-state in preparation to fight or flee. This state of accumulated
stress can increase the risk of both acute and chronic psychosomatic illnesses and weaken
the immune system of the human body.
Stress can cause headaches, irritable bowel syndrome, eating disorder, allergies,
insomnia, backaches, frequent cold and fatigue to diseases such as hypertension, asthma,
diabetes, heart ailments and even cancer, in fact, Sanjay Chug, a leading psychologist,
says that 70 percent to 90 percent of adults visit primary care physicians for stress-
related problems scary enough. But where do we err?
3
NEED FOR THE STUDY:
To identify the stress levels of employees in Food & Beverages and House
keeping
Provide work environment that makes the employee committed and motivated for
maximizing productivity
4
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
5
SCOPE OF THE STUDY:
Deliver high quality and cost competitive products and be the first choice of
people.
Be a respected corporate citizen, ensure clean and green environment and develop
vibrant communities around us.
6
METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY
The entire researcher can tap two sources of data of investigation. They are as
follows
PRIMARY DATA
Survey Technique
Secondary Data:
Secondary data means data that has already been referred to the data, which have
already been collected and analyzed by someone else. It is easily available for processing.
The secondary source of information is based on the various detail retail from journals,
magazines, books and websites.
7
LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
It was very difficult to undertake survey from the employee during the working
hours.
The questions that are asked being personal, some of them hesitated to answer.
8
INDUSTRYPROFILE
In the Indian context, the term Vegetable Oils is almost synonymous with
Edible Oils and land is not used as cooking media. However it is important to keep this
distinction in mind not all Vegetable Oils are Edible - Some including castor oil are
mostly non-edible and some of the edible oils like Ground Nut and Coconut are finding
increasing industrial applications as in cosmetic, soap making etc.
By virtue if theyre high nutritive content, Edible oils form a major source of
nutrition. The fatty acids in Edible Oils are required by the body as a vehicle for carrying
vitamins; provide oil cakes, which are by-product of the oil extraction process, are
important source of animal nutrition. These can be processed in to Edible flavors, which
are rich in proteins.
Oil seeds occupy an important position and rank second after food grains as a
farm commodity crop. India accounts for a tenth of the world output of Vegetable Oils
and fats. It is the largest producer of Ground Nut, rapeseed, mustard and sesame, second
in respect of castor seeds, third in coconut, fourth in cotton seed and fifth in line seed.
Our country has a highly developed oil based industry providing gainful
employment to nearly 15 million persons besides another half a million engaged in
milling and processing units. It is an essential food-oil industry accounting for four fifths
of the total supply of Vegetable Oils, soap paints and varnish industries from the bulk of
non-food applications.
In spite of their national importance, production of food grains has been suffering
a negative growth rate all these years. Only during the first plan period, the Targets set for
production were realized after this no impressive achievement was recorded.
The main contributory factors are twofold, first only marginal land, in rain fed
areas is being used for their cultivation resulting inevitable low productivity; second
agriculture in India is still subject to the vagaries of monsoon which makes for erratic
production. It is little wonder therefore that the annual rate; of growth of oil-seed
9
production for the decade 1965-1976 was a mere 1.2 percent while that of oil seed
productivity, an equally dismal one percent.
Viewed in the global context, India has the dubious distinction of having the
highest acreage under oil seeds and recording the highest output, and yet showing the
lowest yield, at 736 kg. Indias yield per hectare is lower than that of Nigeria (1615.38
Kg) U.S.A. (91474.58 Kg), Argentina (1153.49 Kg.) and China (1148.55 kg.)
For the year 1980-81, target for oil-seed production had been fixed at 11 million
tones, actual production however lagged behind, with; provisional estimates at 10.2
million tones.
Production of live major oil seeds viz./ groundnut, rape seed mustard, sesame, line
seed and castor seed and is estimated to be around 90 lakhs tones, which is about 13
percent higher than the previous years production. Production estimates of groundnut at
57 lakh tones however show decline of 70,000 tones. At 2 lakh tones castor seed
production has also registered a decrease of 30,000 tones. Rapeseed, sesame and line
seed have however, registered increase over the previous years production levels.
Short falls in production persisted in the oil year 1981-82 as well. As a result,
domestic industry could not meet the consumption needs respect of edible oils. The total
edible and supplies from indigenous sources were estimated at about 30 lakh tones in
1981-82 (which however higher than the previous years levels of 25 lakhs tones). The
gap of 10 lakh tones had to be filled only through imports. Consequently, the state-trading
corporation was asked to import a million tons of Edible Oils during the oil year 1981-82.
The allotment of imported Edible Oils was also pruned in a bid to ensure more supplies
through fair price shops.
10
The trend of imports in expected to continue in the year to come despite the best
efforts of the union agriculture ministry to raise oil seed output. The genera-based
international trade center has projected import f 13 million tons of Vegetable Oils in
1985. As for exports, it is anticipated that India would export 15 lakh Tons of oil
equivalent of handpicked-selected groundnut, other nuts and castor oil by 1985.
The composition of our exports is expected to undergo a change palm oil and
products (palm oil and FBD palm oil) will in further account for an increasing share of
Indian exports soybean oil and rapeseed oil will continue to be imported through their
combined share may fall to about one third of the total imports refined rapeseeds oil
could be the cheap oil for the liquid market while soybean oil is expected to the supplied
to the vanaspathi industry.
The power and strength of the company depends on how strong and secure it is on
the food front. In trying to achieve this goal, the oil seed scenario in the country has
undergone a substantial charge during the past few years. The country is moving away
from a situation of scarcity and huge import bills to one of self-sufficiency and possibly
even export of vegetable oils.
India ranks high among the oil seeds producing countries in the world with
perhaps the largest number of commercial varieties of oil seeds such as ground nut, rape
and mustard, sesame, kardi seed, nigerseed, soya beans, sunflower seeds, linseed, castor
seed, copra, cotton seed and a number of minor seeds of tree origin oil seeds takes their
place, as the second largest agricultural crop, next only to food grains. The cultivation of
oil seeds in India is spread over various states with a distinct regional pattern covering
11
about 19 to 20 million hectares, which accounts for about 11 percent of the total land
under cultivation in the country.
In India where fats of animal origin such as fish oil are seldom used as cooking
media. The term vegetable oils is used as a synonym for edible oils. However it
needs to be recommended that there are, on the one hand vegetables oils such as castor,
groundnut and coconut oils, which are finding increasing. Industrial applications such as
in cosmetics, soap making etc edible oils are a major source of nutrition for the people
in the country. Oil cakes that are by-products of the oil extraction process are an
important source of animal nutrition. They can also be processed in to protein rich edible.
India has a highly developed oil based industry employing more than 15millon
persons. However it remains essentially food oil. The industry is accounting for as much
as 83% of the total supply of vegetable oil in the country. The major non-food users of oil
are soap, paint and varnish industries.
Faced with major demand for their conventional products, FMCG majors have
been planning their hopes on branded staple foods to deliver rapid top line extension.
Negative growth in the oils and fats business has been instruments in restraining top line
growth for the FMCG.
PRODUCTS:
12
CONSUMER AWARENESS AND PENETRATION:
Among FMCG products, edible oils has one of the highest penetration of 98% in
urban as well as in rural areas penetration of all these 3 cooking medium is very high at
99.8% in urban areas as well as rural areas.
In metros refined edible oil is a relatively popular cooking medium. The per
capita vegetables oil consumption in the country was 7.6kg p.a in 1997-98, significantly
lower than 8.5 kg p.a during 1996-97.
Edible oil is one form or other is consumed is almost every household, and Indian
food habits show a strong preference for fried vegetables and several other fixed snacks.
Traditionally the north and west have been milk surplus regions in the country.
This has led to surplus ghee production in these areas and higher ghee consumption. The
lower ends of the society which cannot afford ghee consume vanaspathi.
Sweet meat makers in the unorganized sector, particularly in the north represent
one of the largest user segments for vanaspathi.
In the south there has been abundant availability of edible oils, namely coconut
oil, ground nut oil, sunflower oil etc. This had led to different consumer habits southern
consumer prefer refined oil cooking medium as compared to ghee or vanaspathi.
Similarly the eastern region, which is milk deficient, has preference for vegetable oil as
cooking medium.
There are also regional and cultural differences in the type of edible oil used for
cooking. For instance Kerala uses more of coconut oil for cooking. Sesame oil is widely
used in the north, mustard oil in the north and east while there is an over whelming
preference for groundnut oil is in the west.
13
Most consumers, especially in the rural areas buy edible oil in loose form.
Whereas in large metros loose oil is scarcely available as retailers find it difficult to
handle the same. In medium sized towns, loose as well as branded oil is available.
In the last few years popularity of branded oil has been increasing particularly
with the introduction of low cost poly packs with the government ordering compulsory
packaging of edible oil in the wake of dropsy deaths in the country due to use of
adulterated mustard oil, the wage of branded oils is expected to witness phenomenal
growth.
India accounts for 9.3% of world oil seed production. It has the worlds fourth
largest edible oil economy. In 1999, India ranked as the worlds largest importer of edible
oils, displacing china.
The bulk of edible oil, India imports under the open general license is RBD
palmolein of Malaysian and Indonesian origin.
India is one of the worlds leading producers of oil seeds and oil, contributing to
9.3% world oil seed production. It produces the largest number of commercial varieties of
oil seeds over nearly 28.4 million hectares of land. The major edible oils produced in
India are ground nut, rapeseed, soya, cottonseed, sesame seed, castor seed, sunflower
seed, etc. Groundnut was the most widely consumed and traded edible oil determining
edible oil economics, but is now being displaced by others. India is the worlds second
largest production of groundnut, next only to china. The govt. has set up a technology
mission on oil seeds, to increase production of other oil seeds and oil and to reduce
dependence on imports.
14
This led to a sharp increase in oil seed production driven mainly by rapeseed,
sunflower, castor seed and soya. India is today the worlds third largest producer of
rapeseed and cottonseed and the largest producer of caster seed.
India has approximately 300 edible oil refining units, 60-70% of which are in the
small scale unlike the bigger refiners, the smaller one are unable to important huge
quantities of crude either low capacity or lack of financial resources, and may be forced
to close down or sell out to the bigger ones in the fore cable future.
Another major problem is the low capacity utilization. The installed capacity of
oil mills is around 36 million tons annually, but capacity utilization is only 40% solvent
extraction plants shows only 33% capacity utilization of vegetable oil refineries 40%
utilization.
The import of refined palm oil was put under OGC (Open general license) in
March 1994. Other edible oils were put under OGC in April 1995 when an item is
brought under OGC; it means that the item can be imported without seeking any
approval.
Originally there was no discrimination between refined and non-refined edible oil
as far as import duty was concerned. The duty on both was 65% duty was then slashed to
30% for both then to 20% in 1996 and 15 % in the 1999-2000 budgets.
In most parts of the world, import duty on the oil seeds is lower than that on oils.
But in India, it is higher 40%. That is why no import of oil seeds (or) oil-bearing material
has taken place in India. The industry wants the duty to be lowered from the present 40%
to 50%.
Edible oil prices in the Indian market have crashed owe to large imports by
multinational trading houses. The edible oil industry is one sector in India that will see
considerable reform in the foreseeable future.
Major players in refined edible oils in the organizational sector are the ITC
Agrotech, Marico Industries, Ahmed mills, Godrej foods, HLL and NDDB. The market is
highly fragmented among various brands.
15
Sundrop refined Sunflower oil brand with around 13l market share/ ITC
Agrotechs other edible oil brands include Real Gold mustard oil, Crystal refined oil and
Sudan unrefined mustard oil. Sweekar sunflower oil marketed by marica has an 8.2%
share and saffola has 7.5% market share other leading edible oil brands include NDDBs
Dhara rape seed oil. Godrej foods (Godrej cooklite sunflower) with 11% market share,
HLLs flora with 2.5% market share (6% in sunflower oil segment) and Postman with
around 8% market share.
The vanaspathi HLLs Dalda is the oldest and largest brand with close to 36%
market share. Its brand extension Dalda manpasand was launched in 1996. In Feb 98,
HLL launched another brand variant dalda feel light. Other major vanaspathi
manufacturers are Wipro, Amrit Vanaspathi, IVP, Madhusudan industries Rasui and
Pioneer Agro.
16
IMPORT OF EDIBLE OILS:
It has not been done away completely, but whenever import is now made is
largely a measure of precaution than out of any composition from 1988-89. The edible
oils import has been drastically cut down in 1996-97; import totaled 3 lakh tones valued
at Rs 250 crores during the next 2 years it is expected around the same level. The present
import is significant compared to the napping to 19.45 lakh tones imported value at Rs
969 crore in 1997-98.
Although in the context of exceptionally large oil seeds production during the
current year, there is hardly any need for import, the country may avail the option to
import for building a buffer stock to meet the needs of public distribution system during
the lean period.
EXPORT
Export of oil mill, oil seed and minor oils and are expected to gather momentum
following the enouncement regarding the full float of rupee on the trade account,
according to the sources in the trade. The present export scenario shows that the trade is
in a beyond mood of achieving a formidable target, with increased export earnings in the
current year. This basically enacts from bumper oil seeds output of 215 lakh tones in the
offing. This expectation of a bumper crop, moreover has compelled the union ministry of
commerce to raise the current years export target for the oil seeds from Rs 1250 crore
over Rs 1300 crore.
17
minor oil during the period April 1996 to Jan 1998 stood at over 24 lakhs tones valued at
more than Rs 1000 crores.
CUSTOMER SATISFACTION:
Many companies are aiming for high satisfaction because customers who are just
satisfied still find it easy to retain.
When a better offer comes along those who are highly satisfied are much less
ready to switch. High satisfaction (or) delight creates an emotional affinity with the
brand, not just a rational preference. The request is high customer loyalty.
18
COMPANY PROFILE
3F INDUSTRIES LIMITED
3F Industries Ltd, Tadepalligudem are a family owned Organization. It is well
known as foods, fats and fertilizers. But the West Godavari farmers call it is a Tavudu
Factory. This organization is professionally carrying the business activity by the Goenka
family. It is having branches in Madras, Bombay, Hyderabad, Kakinada, Calcutta and
Baroda.
3F Industries Ltd, Tadepalligudem, West Godavari district was conceived in 1959,
born in 1960 and was on its feet by 1962. Today foods, fats and fertilizers Ltd has
matured into a conglomeration of 20 industrial units spread over 40 acres constantly
buzzing with activity and providing employment to over 630 persons.
MISSION:
VISION:
To be the number one in edible oils and specialty. Fats Company in the country
targeting to reach 1000 crores people by 2014.
OBJECTIVES OF 3F LTD:
19
3F Industries Ltd have completed 40 years of existence where it has seen lots of
ups and downs.
As the company has incorporated its name as, 3F Industries Ltd it has given 3F
as the brand name to all the products it produces.
The wheel of the fortune has turned a full circle for Mr. B.K.Goenka, the architect
of 3F Industries Ltd Born and Bred in Burma the Goenka family established and
respected in industry and trade.
They had a flourishing textile business and a large rice mill. The rice bran from
Mr. Goenkas mill was avidly sought as animal feed and his observant eyes used to notice
thin deposit of oil in the wrapping papers used for sampling could this oil be extracted?
What would be its quality? These questions had to wait because in 1942 the Japanese
invaded Burma andMr. Goenka had to abandon his business and return to India.
Being an optimist, he transformed the adversity into opportunity by this got and
determination. After brief spell in his native land in Rajasthan, his restless enterprising
zeal brought, Mr. Goenka to madras in 1943 where he is with his brothers, started export
of handloom fabrics. In due course he established a large textile business.
In 1959 Mr. Goenka read in an article by Dr. Raghunath Prasad of central and
visited Burma with him to study the relevant technologies though he found that east
German technology better, he was not fully satisfied and asked his brother Ms. G.S.
Goenka who was in Japan to study in detail about the Japanese process and another
brother Mr. S.N. Goenka in Europe, to study the process of Hugo of Germany and Dr.
Smith of Belgium mean while he concerned searching for an ideal location to set up his
industry in India.
Technology was selected and Tadepalligudem, the rice bowl of A.P. was finalized
as the location for the proposed extraction plant, the first in India to process rice bran.
20
This group associates modesty garments and golden needle apparels in garments
and fabrics and Sanyak Udyog in plastic products constantly strengthen their group
activities.
FUNCTIONAL PROFILE:-
PRODUCTION:VARIOUS PLANTS IN 3F INDUSTRIES LTD:-
Installed and commissioned in 1962 with production capacity 2400 tones pa. This
plant process is exclusively for rice bran. Rice bran is tempered and palletized by the use
of hexane; the oil in the bran is extracted. The de oiled bran thus obtained is packed for
export. According to the quality of the oil is extracted is used for edible and non-edible
purposes.
Its uniqueness is the incorporation of minimize the Hexane loss and facility for
low temperature extraction.
21
Refinery:-
Installed and commissioned in 1965 production capacity of 4500 tones p.a. Our
refinery is equipped with both batch and continuous neutralizes. Refining process
consists of benumbing, caustic neutralization, Bleaching and deodorization. Deodorized
oil is passed through polishing filters and sent to packing section.
Installed and commissioned in 1967 into a production capacity of 4500 tones pa.
Oil consists of fatty acids and glycerin. It can be separated from the oil by high pressure
splitting under high pressure and temperature, reaction taxes place, slitting the oil into
crude fatty acid and sweet water which is the dilute from the glycerin is obtained.
Glycerin plant:-
UNIT NO: 1 installed and commissioned in 1967 with a production capacity of
300 tons per annum. Sweet water obtains from the fat splitting plant is set to multi effect
vacuum evaporators, where it is evaporated into crude glycerin. The crude glycerin is
further concentrated, deodorized and bleached to yield refined glycerin.
Hydrogenation plant:-
UNIT NO: 1 commissioned in 1979, UNIT NO 2 in 1982 into a production
capacity of 6000 tons per annum. Rice bran oil bounds in unsaturated fatty acids to render
this oil suitable for making good quality soaps it has to be hydrogenated for increasing its
22
melting point. Hydrogenated plants consists of cell house, compressor room and
hydrogenation auto claves. This oil is hydrogenated under high temperature and pressure
using a catalyst.
To obtain better products for premium soaps this hydrogenated rice bran oil is
split and distilled to give hardened distilled fatty acid.
Physical Refinery:-
Installed in 1986, into production capacity of 9000 tons per annum. This is
fabricated by the engineering division of foods, fats and fertilizers Ltd. The conventional
process of refining consists of specifying the free fatty acid in the oil by the use of an
alga. In physical refining the free fatty acid is directly distilled out under high vacuum
and temperature.
Vanaspathi Shortening:-
Production of Vanaspathi shortening high quality bakery fats, margarine from
refined oils fractionation. This division produces high quality olives and steering
from various edible fats for use in manufacture of chocolate confectionery and cosmetics
leading manufacturers this yields of activity all over the world are their consumers.
Turnkey Engineering:-
In collaboration with yashino-seisakush co. Ltd. Japan who has done pioneering
work in developing process and technical know how far refining high fat rice bran oil.
The engineering division has installed and commissioned five plants into a total project
cost of Rs 1.70 millions in south India.
India is the second largest producers of rice and has large potentials for crude rice
bran oil to be processed and turned into a cooking medium to satisfy their requirements
of an immense Indian market.
23
International Trading:-
Besides the export of the manufactured products, with large ware houses for dry
cargo, bulk storage installation for liquid infrastructures at their command and the rich
international trading experience of over 40 years.
They have set up high standards and achieved substantial growth is international
trading of commodities like rice, industrial fats, maize, tapioca, HPS ground nuts,
kernels, oils and chemicals, new products like natural foods, cobs, oleoresin and high
quality waxes are proposed to be added to their export baskets.
Through R&D new products and value addition to the existing products is being
done in a continuous basis for enriching the international trading both quality and
volume.
Board of Directors:
Financial performance:
24
During the years 2002-2003 and 2001-2002, the company was mainly engaged in
trading of imported vegetable oils and achieved a turnover of Rs 279.17 crores as
compared to Rs 327.25 crores previous year.
After that in the year 2003-2004 the turnover is Rs 285.66 crores the decrement is
due to Govt. policies imposed lower customs duty on raw oils. Further export impressive
with resumption of rice and other agri-product exports. The increase in export
performance is due to enhanced manufacturing export from Rs.7.87 crores to
Rs.19.13 crores .
2011-2012 56.28
2010-2011 61.32
2009-2010 41.65
2008-2009 43.31
AWARDS:-
The company received the SEA RICE BRAN OIL award in 2001-2002 from the
solvent, extraction association of India.
PROJECTS:-
25
MANUFACTURE OF QUALITY PRODUCTS:
Tandul:
Surabhi:
Packing: 15 kg tin
26
products.
Packing: 15kg BIB, 15kg tins
3F VanaspatiApplication:
Palmdelite
Refined Palm Olein.
27
Golden spread (Margarine) Application:
A very popular brand for crispy & flaky puffs and kharis.
Packing: Oil 15kg BIB
3F Sunflower Packing:
Royal Delite
TrimApplication:
STEARIC ACID:
28
This product is derived from vegetable oils like Palm Fatty Acid Distillate, Rice
Bran Oil, Rice Bran Acid Oil and Crude Palms terrine. We also manufacture tailor-made
stearic acid to suit customer's specification.
Application:
This product is used in various industrial applications like cosmetics, metallic
stearates, PVC Resin Pipes, Rubber, Metal Polishing, Plastics, Cement Paints, Water
proofing Cements, Tyre Sector etc.
Packing:
In flake form, packed in 50kg HDPE woven bags.
International Trading:-
Besides the export of the manufactured products, with large ware houses for dry
cargo, bulk storage installation for liquid infrastructures at their command and the rich
international trading experience of over 40 years.
They have set up high standards and achieved substantial growth is international
trading of commodities like rice, industrial fats, maize, tapioca, HPS ground nuts,
kernels, oils and chemicals, new products like natural foods, cobs, oleoresin and high
quality waxes are proposed to be added to their export baskets. Through R&D new
products and value addition to the existing products is being done in a continuous basis
for enriching the international trading both quality and volume.
29
ORGANIZATION CHART
Director
Commerci ADM
G.M al
Stores Productio Manage manage
manag r
officers n r Engg
(H.R.D er Sales
manag
G.M ) manag
er
er
Commerc
(Finance ial officer
Purchase Maintenan Administrati
on
Person Manager ce
) engineer
al Officer
Marketin Refinerie
Deputy officer g s
Manag manager Office
er Stores LASO
Commerci
al assistan Deputy IV
assistan ce Manag
Sales Mainte
Welfare er
Assistance Repres nance
Manag entativ Junior engine Supervisio
Manager er e stores er n&
administrat
officer boiler or
Junior
plant
Sales Junior
Security officer
assistants Plant engine
Junior officer er
operato
executive r
accountant
Time
officer
Accountan
t
30
Organizational structure:
The General Manager is the main administrating and controlling and head of the
3F ltd. On behalf of the board of directors under him there will be one Deputy (Finance
and Administration) five heads of the Departments representing the 3F ltd.
1) Managerial Staff:
The managerial staff consists of 75 members and they belong to all departments
of the organization.
2) Staff:
3) Technical Staff:
The technical staff consists of 245 members. It includes plant engineers, plant
supervisor, plant operators etc.
4) Bata:
5) Trainers:
Trainers consist of 98 members. Trainers are those persons who take training from
the organization.
6) Act apprentices:
31
MARKETING:-
The FFF ltd has a strong marketing network spread in all the country where it is
existed. Various dealers and consignment agents are been appointed every year to
increase the network and have a strong command over the market.
The company has also increased the size of the basket of the products that are
offered to the industrial customers by adding various new products.
Capital sources:
Bankers:
Capital Structure:
32
The company is a closely held industrial house (with no public investment)
following is the capital structure as 31-3-09.
Particulars Rs in crores
TOTAL 228.03
SWOT Analysis:
The SWOT analysis provides information that is helpful in matching the firms
resources and capabilities to the competitive environment in which it operates. As such, it
is instrumental in strategy formulation and selection.
Strengths of 3F:
Weaknesses of 3F:
33
A weakness is limitation is deficiency in resources skills and capabilities that
seriously in speeds effective performance. Coming to the company side it has no
weaknesses. Particularly but some challenges are there. In front of the company there are
as follow.
Underutilization of capacity.
Too much debt.
High cost structure.
A weak brand name.
Lack of quality raw material.
Opportunities of 3F:
Threats of 3F:
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
INTRODUCTION
34
Professional stress of organized workers, consequently, affects the health of
organizations. Still others view stress is the terms of psychological or body reaction;
Blood pressure, heart rate, hormone levels
DEFINITIONS
PERSONS-ENVIRONMENT FIT:
Changes in the work and personnel environment are inevitable. A man who
doesnt feel comfortable with his/her work environment is in what psychologist refers to
as state of disequilibrium.
In this stage the persons skills, abilities and goals do not fit with the work
environment (boss, co-workers).
The lack of fit between the person and environment can have results on several
levels: subjective (felling fatigued) behavioral (Accident-proneness), cognitive (a mental
block), psychological (elevated blood pressure) and organization (higher absence rate).
35
STRESS AND DISEASE:
Job related stress has been associated with a vast array of diseases such as
coronary heart disease, hypertension, peptic ulcers, colitis and various psychological
problems including anxiety and depression.
Research has shown that stress directly affects the endocrine system the cardio
vascular system the muscular system and emotion. It is also has a general around
influence on the entire body.
TYPES OF STRESS:
1. Eustress
2. Distress
1. EUSTRESS
Good stress is called Eustress. It means what helps a person complete a report on
time or generate a good, quick problem solving procedure. It is the positive stress.
2. DISTRESS
Bad stress is called Distress. It is the negative stress. It means which stress
demotion our self is called the distress.
In a challenging situation the brain prepares the body for defensive action-the
fight or flight response by releasing stress hormones, namely cortisone and adrenaline.
These hormones raise the blood pressure and the body prepares to react to the situation.
With a concrete defensive action (fight response) the stress hormones in the blood get
used up. Entailing reduced stress effects and symptoms of anxiety.
When we fail to counter a stress situation (flight response) the hormones and
chemicals remain unreleased in the blood stream for a long period of time. It results in
stress related physical symptoms such as tense muscles, unfocused anxiety, dizziness and
36
rapid heartbeats. We all encounter various stressors (causes of stress) in everyday life,
which can accumulate, if not released subsequently, it compels the mind and body to be
in an almost constant alarm-state in preparation to fight or flee. This state of accumulated
stress can increase the risk of both acute and chronic psychosomatic illnesses and weaken
the immune system of the human body.
Stress can causes headaches, irritable bowel syndrome, eating disorder, allergies,
insomnia, backaches, frequent cold and fatigue to diseases such as hypertension, asthma,
diabetes, heart ailments and even cancer, in fact, Sanjay Chugh, a leading psychologist,
says that 70 percent to 90 percent of adults visit primary care physicians for stress-
related problems. But where do we err?
Just about everybody-men, women, children and even fetusessuffer from stress.
Relationship demands, chronic health problems pressure at workplaces, traffic snarls,
meeting deadlines, growing-up tension or a sudden bearish trend in the bourse can trigger
stress conditions. People react to it in their own ways. In some people, stress-induced
adverse feelings and anxieties tend to persist and intensify. Learning to understand and
manage stress can prevent the counter effects of stress.
STRESSORS:
TYPE OF STRESSORS
BIOLOGICAL STRESSORS
ENIVRONMENTAL
COGNITIVE OR THINKING
PERSONAL BEHAVIOUR
LIFE SITUATIONS
37
1. BIOLOGICAL:-
2. ENVIRONMENTAL
3. COGNITIVE OR THINKING
4. PERSONAL BEHAVIOR-
Negative reaction of the mind and body because of drugs, alcohol etc.
5. LIFE SITUATIONS
SOURCES OF STRESS
Stress is a reality we face in our everyday life. There are both eustress and distress
that come from our work and non-work lives. Distress could be organizationally induced
environmental and that coming from the work to non-work interface. Let us examine
each of these.
ORGANISATIONAL STRESSORS
38
1. ROLE RELATED FACTORS
Stress from role conflict is experienced when two or more significant other in the
organization expects different things to be done by the individual. For instance, Mr.
Sivas immediate supervisor might want him to credit the days receipts to one particular
account and the department manager to another, Mr. Siva would then experience role
conflict since there are conflicting directions from his two bosses. Stresses from role
ambiguity arise when an employee does not know what is expected of him or her, or how
to go about doing the job. For example if an employee just joining an organization is left
to figure out for him what he is supposed to be doing without any guidance as to what
expected of him(i.e. his role), the newcomer would experience a high level of role
ambiguity. Even an old timer might be required to shoulder a new responsibility without
being offered much information. For instance, a production manager might tell a foreman
the he needs 500 units of steel rods to be manufactured in days time and leave town
immediately. He might go without specifying there in due, the design details, cost
constraints, if any, and the type of additional resources that will be provided. The foreman
is now left in an atmosphere of ambiguity and does not know how he should go about
doing his job. The entirely new position an individual is placed in also causes him anxiety
until such time as he takes to settle down in the new role.
Common, work related stress emanated from task demands. Time pressures and
so and so forth. The nature of the job performed by the individual can offer cause stress.
If a job or travel, dull and boring, or happens to be excessively demanding, or involved
frequent transfers or travel, curtailing the time that can be spent with the family, the
individual is likely to experience stress. Lack of planning and organizing at the workplace
39
can also produce stress. Some jobs, by their very mature, can also be hazardous or
morally conflicting to the individual who interfaces with it such as when a staunch
believer in and an advocate of place, has to work, for lack of other suitable job
opportunities, in an explosives manufacturing factory. He is forced to work in this
environment, which is a constant source of severe stress and anguish to him. In addition,
some duties and responsibilities have built-it stresses, such as those of the firefighter, the
hostage negotiator, or the police squad that defuses bombs. Thus, the very nature of the
job can induce stress.
Environmental factors at work, such as noise, heat, poor lighting, radiation and
smoke are stress inducting agents. Insufficient resources such as time, budget, raw
materials, space or manpower are additional stressors in the work environment. When
employees have to produce and perform with inadequate resources on a continuous basis,
stress and strain are naturally imposed on those whose responsibility it is to get the job
done. In addition, other structural factors in the organizational setting, such as staff rules
and regulations, and reward system not palatable to members, may act as stressors.
Organizationally induced stress result in low job satisfaction for individuals. The lack of
40
carrier paths may act as an additional organizational stressor. For many aspiring to
become managers or executives, the lack of progress can be a constant source of stress.
Thus, several stressors result in a state where the em0ployee seen no ratification in sight
and experiences physical, emotional and exhaustion (Etziini, 1984).
6. WORK-NON-WORK INTERFACE
As pointed out by near, rice and Hunt (1980) and Sekaran (1986d), among other,
the work domains of ones life are closely intertwined. The stresses and strains
experienced in one domain spillover to the other. Thus, if one experiences much distress
at work, it will be carried over to the home, heightening the sense of an awareness of
even small distresses experienced in the family sphere. For example, if an employee has a
nasty argument with his supervisor at work at the end of the day, which bodices a lot of
stress, he might find even the normal crying of his child at home that evening the
extremely hard and stressful to bear. Likewise, stresses experiences at home or friend or
from other non-work facets can be carried over to the workplace, which heighten and
compound the stresses experienced at work. Since work spheres are not-work spheres are
not tightly compartmentalized.
41
PERSONAL PROBLEMS THAT CAN CAUSE STRESS INCLUDE:
Your health, especially if you have a chronic illness such as heart disease,
diabetes, or arthritis.
Emotional problems, such as anger you cant express, depression, grief, guilt, or
low self-esteem.
Your relationships, such as having problems with your relationships or feeling a
lack of friendships or support in your life.
Major life changes, such as dealing with the death of a parent or spouse, losing
your job, getting married, or moving to a new city.
Stress in your family, such as having a child, teen, or other family member who
is under stress, or being a caregiver to a family member who is elderly or who has
health problems. For more information, see the topic Quick Tips: Reducing the
Stress of Care giving.
Conflicts with your beliefs and values. For example, you may value family life,
but you may not be able to spend as much time with your family as you want.
42
. Working hours, responsibilities and pressures disrupting life balance (diet,
exercise, sleep and rest, play, family-time etc.)
EFFECTS OF DISTRESS
43
from role overload since both partners have to manage their careers as well as keep the
family running on an even keel. Additional stress is experienced while handling the
personal, social and cultural dilemmas of balancing work and family, discharging
parenting responsibilities, handling competition at the workplace and within the family
and being dual-career families and effective. For a complete discussion on the stresses
experienced in dual-career families and effective coping strategies for dual-career
spouses, refer to Sekaran (1986d).
44
For every individual there is an optimum level of stress for performance at full
capacity. If the stress experienced is below this optimum. Then boredom results, the
motivation to work reaches a low point, and apathy sets in. A person operation in a very
low stress environment and experiencing frequent boredom is likely to psychologically or
physically withdraw from work. Psychological withdrawal results in careless and
repeated mistakes, forgetting to do tasks and mental distractions at work. Physical
withdrawal manifests itself in increased rates of tardiness and absenteeism, which may
ultimately lead rates of tardiness and absenteeism, which may ultimately lead to turnover.
If, on the other hand, the stressors in an individuals environment are too many too
intense, as for instance, when one is constantly being picked on by the boss, has too
many conflicts with the supervisor or disagreeable or disagreeable coworkers, or is
engaged in a job that is exposed to high health hazards (such as working in a nuclear
plant), the effects on performance will again be adverse. The error rate will increase, bad
decisions will be made and the individual may experience insomnia, stomach problems,
psychosomatic illnesses and burnout. Job performance and individual health are at
optimum levels of experienced stress, as shown by the inverted U-shaped curve depicted.
Though the optimum stress level varies with individuals, each can determine how stress
is functional for good performance
45
Behaviors Low High Anxiety
withdrawal, inactivity
Research indicates that those who seem to effectively handle what ordinary
persons might consider as a high level of stress possess one or more of the personality
predispositions of high tolerance for ambiguity, internal locus of control and self-esteem.
A high tolerance for ambiguity allows individuals to experience very little anguish
operating under of insufficient information or in an environment of uncertain outcomes.
People with an internal control can only handle well since they feel they are in control of
the situation and are not themselves controlled by it. This makes it possible for them to
manage their environmental stress without experiencing its noxious effects. Those with
high self-esteem also handle with ease since a sense of high self-concept and confidence
in their abilities allows them to develop positive towards the management of stress and
keep themselves cool and collected under stressful. The successfully one handles a
stressful situation, without panicking being overwhelmed by it, the more confidently one
be able to effectively deal with further stressful situations. Thus, it is possible to raise
ones capacity to handle stress as one encounters each successive situation.
A personality characteristic that induces is the type A (versus the type B) trait
discussed in Chapter3. The Type A person is seen to engage in several simultaneous,
46
parallel (rather than sequential) activities with a heightened sense of (in contract of the
Type B individual who takes things easy). Further, the Type A individual also tends to be
competitive by nature, and is likely, as a consequence, to impose a lot of self-induced
stress on them. However, Friedman and Rose man (1974) point out that it is only the
Type A person who is also very hostile, that experiences adverse health effects such as
heart attacks. We might conjecture that the non-hostile type A person who has or more of
the predispositions of high relevance for ambiguity, high internal locus of control, and
high self-esteem, will not actually exotically experience under stresses, though the
individual might appear as if she is adding on some self-imposed burdens, especially
when compared to the type B personality. Thus, certain personality predispositions, as we
have seen, have an impact on stress and how individuals handle it.
In sum, the stressors will be perceived, acted upon and handled differently, by
differently, by different people with different personality characteristics. Support system
that are available and wiliness and ability of individuals to handle stressful by trying out
different strategies make a big difference in how people handle stress.
Not all stress can be avoided, and its not healthy to avoid a situation that needs to be
addressed. You may be surprised, however, by the number of stressors in your life that
you can eliminate.
. Learn how to say no Know your limits and stick to them. Whether in your
personal or professional life, refuse to accept added responsibilities when youre close to
reaching them. Taking on more than you can handle is a surefire recipe for stress.
. Avoid people who stress you out If someone consistently causes stress in your
life and you cant turn the relationship around, limit the amount of time you spend with
that person or end the relationship entirely.
47
. Take control of your environment If the evening news makes you anxious,
turn the TV off. If traffics got you tense, take a longer but less-traveled route. If going to
the market is an unpleasant chore, do your grocery shopping online.
. Avoid hot-button topics If you get upset over religion or politics, cross them
off your conversation list. If you repeatedly argue about the same subject with the same
people, stop bringing it up excuse yourself when its the topic of discussion.
. Pare down your to-do list Analyze your schedule, responsibilities, and daily
tasks. If youve got too much on your plate, distinguish between the should. Drop task
that arent truly necessary to the bottom of the list or eliminate them entirely.
If you cant avoid a stressful situation, try to alter it. Figure out what you can do to
change things so the problem doesnt present itself in the future. Often, this involves
changing the way you communicate and operate in your daily life.
. Be more assertive. Dont take a backseat in your own life. Deal with problems
head on, doing your best to anticipate send prevent them. Off youve got an exam to
study for and your chatty roommate just got home, say up front that you only have five
minutes to talk.
. Manage your time better. Poor time management can cause a lot of stress. When
youre stretched too thin and running behind, its hard to stay calm and focused. But if
you plan ahead and make sure you dont overextend yourself, you can alter the amount of
stress youre under.
48
STRATEGY #3: ADAPT TO THE STRESSOR
If you cant change the stressor, change yourself. You can adapt to stressful situations and
retain your sense of control by changing your expectations and attitude.
. Look at the big picture. Take perspective of the stressful situation. Ask yourself
how important it will be in the long run. Will it matter in a month? Is it really worth
getting upset over? If the answer is no, focus your time and energy elsewhere.
. Focus on the positive. When stress is getting you down, take a moment to reflect
on all the things you appreciate in your life, including your own positive qualities and
gifts. This simple strategy can help you keep things in perspective.
Adjusting your Attitude: How you think can have profound effect on your
emotional and physical well-being. Each time you think a negative thought about
yourself, your body reacts as if it were in the throes of a tension-filled situation. If you
see good things about yourself, you are more likely to feel good; the reverse is also true.
Eliminate words such as always, never, should, and must. These are telltale
marks of self-defeating thoughts.
Some sources of stress are unavoidable. You cant prevent or change stressors
such as the death of a loved one, a serious illness, or a national recession. In such cases,
the best way to cope with stress is to accept things as they are. Acceptance may be
difficult, but in the long run, its easier than railing against a situation you cant change.
49
Dont try to control the uncontrollable. Many things in life are beyond our
control-particularly the behavior of other people. Rather than stressing out over them,
focus on the things you can control such as the way you choose to react to problems.
Look for the upside. As the saying goes, what doesnt kill us makes us stronger.
When facing major challenges, try to look at them as opportunities for personal growth. If
your own poor choices contributed to a stressful situation, reflect on them and learn from
your mistakes.
Learn to forgive. Accept the fact that we live in an imperfect world and that
people make mistakes. Let go of anger and resentments. Free yourself from negative
energy by forgiving and moving on.
Beyond a take charge approach and a positive attitude, you can reduce stress in
your life by nurturing yourself. If you regularly make time for fun and relaxation, youll
be in a better place to handle lifes stressors when they inevitably come.
50
Healthy ways to relax and recharge
Go for a walk.
Spend time in nature
Call a good friend
Sweat out tension with a good work out
Write in your journal
Take a long bath
Light scented candles
Savor a warm cup of coffee or tea
Play with a pet
Work in your garden
Get a massage
Curl up with a good book.
Listen to music
Watch a comedy
Dont get so caught up in the hustle and bustle of life that you forget to take care
of your own needs. Nurturing yourself is a necessity, not a luxury.
Set aside relaxation time. Include rest and relaxation in your daily schedule. Dont
allow other obligations to encroach. This is your time to take a break from all
responsibilities and recharge your batteries.
Connect with others. Spend time with positive people who enhance your life. A
strong support system will buffer you from the negative effects of stress.
Do something you enjoy every day. Make time for leisure activities that bring you
joy, whether it be stargazing, playing the piano, or working on your bike.
Keep your sense of humor. This is the ability to laugh at you. The act of laughing
helps your body fight stress in a number of ways.
51
.Learn the relaxation response
You can control your stress levels with relaxation techniques that evoke the
bodys relaxation response, a state of restfulness that is the opposite of the stress
response. Regularly practicing these techniques will build your physical and emotional
resilience, heal your body, and boost your over fall feelings of joy and equanimity.
You can increase your resistance to stress by strengthening your physical health.
Exercise regularly. Physical activity plays a key role in reducing and preventing
the effects of stress. Make time for at least 30 minutes of exercise, three times per week.
Nothing beats aerobic exercise for releasing pent-up stress and tension.
. Eat a healthy diet. Well-nourished bodies are better prepared to cope with stress,
so be mindful of what you eat. Start your day right with breakfast, and keep your energy
up and your mind clear with balanced nutritious meals throughout the day.
. Reduce caffeine and sugar. The temporary highs caffeine and sugar provide
often end in with a crash in mood and energy. By reducing the amount of coffee, soft
drinks, chocolate, and sugar snacks in your diet, youll fell more relaxed and youll
sleep better.
. Avoid alcohol, cigarettes, and drugs. Self-medicating with alcohol or drugs may
provide an easy escape from stress, but the relief is only temporary. Dont avoid or
mask the issue at hand; deal with problems head on and with a clear mind.
. Get enough sleep. Adequate sleep fuels your mind, as well as your body. Felling
tired will increase your stress because it may cause you to think irrationally.
52
LYNDSAY SWINTONS BEST STRESS MANAGEMENTTECHNIQUES:
The best stress management techniques are those that are easy to use. Quick to
learn and quick to implement, you can use them to manage your own stress levels or teak
them to help others manage theirs.
Stress management techniques help you control of your stress and be a healthier,
happier and more pleasant person to be around. Lets cut to the chase and spell out the
best ones I know.
Make stress your friend! Based on the bodys natural fight or flight response
that burst of energy will enhance your performance at the right moment. Ive yet to see a
top sportsman totally relaxed before a big competition. Use stress wisely to push yourself
that little bit harder when it counts most.
Stressed people sneeze stress germs indiscriminately and before you know it, you
are infected too! Protect yourself by recognizing stress in others and limiting your contact
with them. Or if youve got the inclination, play stress doctor and teach them how to
better manage themselves.
When people around are losing their head, who keeps calm? What are they doing
differently? What is their attitude? What language do they use? Are they trained and
experienced?Figure it out from afar or sit them down for a chat. Learn from the best
stress managers and copy what they do.
You can trick your body into relaxing by using heavy breathing. Breathein slowly
for a count of 7 then breathe out for a count of 11. Repeat the 7-11 breathing until your
heart rate slows down, your sweaty palms dry off and things start to feel more normal.
53
5. GIVE STRESS THOUGHTSTHE RED LIGHT
Make your own list of stress trigger points or hot spots. Be specific. Is it only
presentations to a certain audience that get you worked up? Does one project cause more
stress that another? Did your drink too much coffee?
Knowing what cause you stress is powerful information, as you can take action to
make it less stressful. Do you need to learn some new skills? Do you need extra
resources? Do you need to switch to de-car?
Lack of sleep, poor diet and no exercise wreaks havoc on our body and mind.
Kind of obvious, but worth mentioning as its often ignored as a stress management
technique. Listen to your mother and dont burn the candle at both ends!
And those are the best stress management techniques I know! Learn them, use
them and teach them, and be a great stress manager.
These coping strategies may temporarily reduce stress, but they cause more
damage in the long run.
Smoking
Using pills or drugs to relax
54
Drinking too much
Overeating or underrating
Sleeping too much
Zoning out for hours in front
Procrastination of the TV or computer
Filling up every minute
The words positive and stress may not often go together. But, there are
innumerable instances of athletes rising to the challenge of stress and achieving the
unachievable, scientists stressing themselves out over a point to bring into light the most
unthinkable secrets of the phenomenal world, and likewise a painter, a composer or a
writer producing the best paintings, the most lilting of tunes or the most appealing piece
of writing by pushing themselves to the limit. Psychologists second the opinion that some
stress situations can actually boost our inner potential and can be creatively helpful.
Sudha Chandran, an Indian dancer, lost her legs in an accident. But, the physical and
social inadequacies gave her impetus to carry on with her dance performances with the
help of prosthetic legs rather than deter her spirits.
Experts tell us that stress, in moderate doses, are necessary in our life. Stress
responses are one of our bodys best defense systems against outer and inner dangers. In a
risky situation (in case of accidents or a sudden attack on life et al), body releases stress
hormones that instantly make us more alert and our senses become more focused. The
body is also prepared to act with increased strength and speed in a pressure situation. It is
supposed to keep us sharp and ready for action.
Research suggests that stress can actually increase our performance. Instead of
wilting under stress, one can use it as an impetus to achieve success. Stress can stimulate
ones faculties to delve deep into and discover ones true potential. Under stress the brain
is emotionally and biochemically stimulated to sharpen its performance.
55
area with chromium effluents. Once into it, Brokovich had to work under tremendous
stress talking on the dig wigs of the society. By her own account, she had to study as
many as 120 research articles to find if chromium 6 was carcinogenic. Going from door
to door, Erin signed up over 600 plaintiffs, and with attorney Ed Masry went on to
receive the largest court settlement, for the town people, ever paid in a direct action
lawsuit in the U.S history-$333 million. Its an example of an ordinary individual
triumphing over insurmountable odds under pressure. If handled positively stress can
induce people discover their inherent talents.
Stress is, perhaps, necessary to occasionally clear cobwebs from our thinking. If
approached positively, stress can help us evolve as a person by letting go of unwanted
thoughts and principle in our life. Very often, at various crossroads of life, stress may
remind you of the transitory nature of your experiences, and may prod you to look for the
true happiness of life.
Stress has existed throughout the evolution. About 4 billion years ago, violent
collision of rock and ice along with dust and gas, led to the formation of a new planet.
The planet survives more that 100 million years of meltdown to give birth to microscopic
life. These first organisms endured the harshest of conditionslack of oxygen, exposure
to suns UV rays and other inhospitable elements, to hang on to their dear life. Roughly
300,000 years ago, the Neanderthals learnt to use fire in a controlled way, to survive the
Glacial Age. And Neanderthals learnt to use fire in a controlled way, and then survived
the Glacial Age. And around 30,000 years, Homo sapiens with their dominant gene
constitutions and better coping skills, won the game of survival. Each step of evolution a
test of survival, and survival, a matter of coping with the stress of changing conditions.
Millions of trials and errors in the life process have brought men to this stage.
Coping with events to survive has led men to invent extraordinary technologies,
beginning with piece of sharpened stone.
56
environmental conditions, passing through a bottleneck, a population can rapidly and
significantly alters its population norm and become the founder of new, evolved forms.
The moral remains that we can work a stress condition to our advantage or protect
ourselves from its untoward follow-throughs subject to how we handle a stress situation.
The choice is between becoming a slave to the stressful situations of life and using them
tour advantage.
People react to stress in different ways. Some are copping much better than others
and suffering fewer of the harmful effects of stress. Just as stress differs as a function of
the individual, it also differs as a function of ones type of occupation. Some occupations
are, of course, inherently more stressful than others. All of the stress-strain-health
relationships have an obvious impact on the organization and industry. Both physical and
mental illness renders the employee unlit for work, and combine both to lessen the
satisfaction obtained from work and reduce job performance and productivity levels.
There are various ways that stress symptoms or outcomes are reflected in the workplace.
Evidence from growing body of research suggests that certain individuals, in a variety of
occupations, are increasingly exposed to unacceptable levels of job-related stress (Schultz
& Schultz, 2002). Occupational stress is any discomfort which is felt and perceived at a
personal level and triggered by instances, events or situations that are too intense and
frequent in nature so as to exceed a persons coping capabilities and resources to handle
them adequately (Malta, 2004)
57
Occupational stress can be defined as the harmful physical and emotional
responses that occur when the requirements of the job do not match the capabilities,
resources or need of the worker (Sauter and Murphy. 1999).
CONCLUSION:
58
Workload, co-workers and repetitive work are identified as the major factors
causing stress. It is concluded that there is moderate level of stress with no significant
difference in different departments however no effect of stress is found on job
performance in the selected organization.
59
DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
1. Are you aware of word stress?
Interpretation:
Majority of the respondents were aware of word stress 98% of the respondents opinioned
yes and 2% of the respondents opinioned no and 2% of respondents not agree for the
aware of word stress.
RESPONDENTS
RESPONDENTS
49
Yes No Sometimes
0 Don't0know
60
2. Do you feel stress at your work?
Interpretation:
Most of the respondents expressed that they undergo stress at their work due to various
reasons.16% of the respondents opinioned yes and 22% of the respondents opinioned no,
62% of the respondents opinioned some times
RESPONDENTS
RESPONDENTS
31
11
8
61
3. If you feel stressed, what is the reason for your stress?
Interpretation:
It is observed that majority of the respondents are facing stress due to nature of
work and multiple unclear responsibilities.14 % of the employees said to stress of the
reason long working hours, 46% of the employees said to stress of the reason nature of
work, 32% of the employees said to stress of the reason more responsibilities 8% of the
employees said to stress of the lack of coordination.
RESPONDENTS
RESPONDENTS
23
16
7
4
62
4. Do you work for long hours by your own choice?
Interpretation:
Majority of the respondents suggested that they are not working for long hours by
choice 44% of the respondents opinioned yes and 56% of the respondents opinioned no.
So the high percentage of respondents says they dont work for long hours in the
organization.
RESPONDENTS
RESPONDENTS
28
22
Yes No
63
5. Is work Environment comfortable?
Interpretation
RESPONDENTS
RESPONDENTS
36
14
Yes No
64
6. Do you think you are over loaded with work?
Interpretation:
Majority of the respondents feels that they are over loaded with work. Because of the feel
more stress. 56% of the respondents feels that they are over loaded with work, 44 % of
the respondents not felt that they are over loaded with work.
RESPONDENTS
RESPONDENTS
28
22
Yes No
65
7. Have you ever face any difficulties of disagreements with your colleagues?
Interpretation
There is great co-ordination between the employees in their departments in steel plant
VSP. They face difficulties and disagreements with their colleagues rarely 32 % of
respondents opinioned yes and 68% felt no.
RESPONDENTS
RESPONDENTS
34
16
Yes No
66
8. Do you agree the uncertainty increase stress?
Interpretation:
Majority of the respondents expressed that uncertainty in tasks and job result into stress
some times 58% of the respondents opinioned yes and 42% of the respondents felt no.
RESPONDENTS
RESPONDENTS
21
4.3
Yes No
67
9. Would you like to undergo stress for rewards?
Interpretation:
Majority of the respondents are ready to put etc. efforts for rewards. However could not
be a wise decision 74% of the respondents opinioned yes and 26% of the respondents felt
no.
RESPONDENTS
RESPONDENTS
37
13
Yes Category 2
68
10. Do you feel that your stress level is affecting your family members?
Interpretation
There are percentage of respondents who expressed that, stress level because of their
professional is effective their family lifes too.10% of the respondents opinioned yes
48% of the respondents opinioned no.36%of the respondents opinioned sometimes .6%
of the respondents opinion not applicants .
RESPONDENTS
RESPONDENTS
24
18
5 4.5
69
11. How would you rate the level of your stress?
Interpretation
The response shows that most of the employees are undergoing stress situation due to
some or other reason. Though it is not alarming, steps should be taken to improve
employee work condition
RESPONDENTS
RESPONDENTS
28
8
7 7
70
12. Do you think that your immediate superior is the best counselor to you?
Interpretation
Majority of the respondents expressed that they are comfortable with the immediate
supervisors 68% of the responding expressed yes, 32% of the respondents opinioned no.
RESPONDENTS
RESPONDENTS
34
16
Yes Category 2
71
13. Do you feel lonely in work place?
Interpretation
The study source that most of the employee are working in teams and have not problems
of loneliness at work place 38% of the respondents opinioned yes 72% of the respondents
opinioned no
RESPONDENTS
RESPONDENTS
36
14
Category 1 No
72
14. Do you take your weekly off?
Interpretation
Most of the respondents take their weekly offs. However exceptions are their depending
upon emergency services 86% of the respondents opinioned yes. 6% of the respondents
opinioned no. 8% of the respondents opinioned sometimes
RESPONDENTS
RESPONDENTS
43
3 3.5
Yes No Sometimes
73
15. Do you feel that the shift system reduces stress?
Interpretation
The study shows that most of the employees agreed for the fact that shifts system
provides the flexibility to work.70% of respondents opinioned yes 22% not the
respondents opinioned no.8% of the respondents opinion not applicable
RESPONDENTS
RESPONDENTS
35
11
3.5
74
16. Are you aware of various diseases that can occur due to stress?
Interpretation
Most of the respondents are aware of various consequences result from stress worked
conditions.75% of the Respondents opinioned yes. 28% of the respondents opinioned no.
RESPONDENTS
RESPONDENTS
14
4.3
Yes No
75
17. Do you have any of the following problems?
Vision
Backache
Blood pressure
Hair fall
Headache
Interpretation
Most of the respondents are not facing any problems related to stress presently, 70% of
the respondents opinioned yes.30% of the Respondents opinioned no.
RESPONDENTS
RESPONDENTS
35
2.5
Yes No
76
18. What do you suggest to overcome stress?
Interpretation
RESPONDENTS
RESPONDENTS
23
12
9
6
77
78
FINDINGS
o It has been found that majority of the employee are facing stress because
of nature of their job.
o It is found that the work load increases sometimes, thereby causing stress
to employees.
o It is observed that the strict, long and unpredictable working hours leads
to stress in the employees.
o It was detected that some employees are unable to reach the work spot in
time because of inflexible timings or staying at far off places, which adds
stress to their minds.
o It was witnessed that most of the employees felt that their stress level is
affecting their family members.
o It was found that employees feel that too many responsibilities associated
with their jobs as the basic reason for their stress.
o It was seen that some employees are facing stress related problems like
backache, hair fall blood pressure etc.
o It was witnessed that mostly the top level executives are facing mental
stress, whereas Employees at lower levels are facing physical stress.
o The outcome showed that except few, all are having negative feelings
towards stress
o It has been found that some of the employees feel that working overtime
to meet the deadlines gets rather stressful.
o It was seen that some of the employees are interested in working for long
hours by their own choice.
o It was detected that for the sake of promotions and rewards some
employees are prepared to undergo stress.
o It was observed that most of the employees are comfortable with the
climate of the organization.
79
SUGGESTIONS
Stress should be curbed at the initial stages before it reaches Burn Out stage
measures should be taken to overcome stress. Some of the suggestions are:
QUESTIONNAIRE
SAMPLE SURVEY ON AWARENESS OF STRESS MANAGEMENT IN
80
3F INDUSTRIES LTD, TADEPALLIGUDEM.
SECTION A:
Department: Designation:
SECTION B:
(a) Long work hours (b) Nature of work (c) More responsibility (d) Lack
of co-ordination
81
(a)Yes (b) No (c) Sometimes (d) dont know
8. Do you feel that your stress level is affecting your family members?
82
(a) Vision (b) Back ache (c) Blood pressure (d) Hair fall
(a) Meditation (b) sleep (c) playing games (d) other suggestions
14. When something forces you to change your life style, you?
A) Accept the changes (b) Learn how to deal with the changes c) complain about it
15. Do you have the time you want with your family each week?
16. Do you have the personal time you would like each day?
17. Do you plan your life each day, and work out that plan?
19. When you are interrupted at an activity, do you respond with anger?
83
A) Yes (b) Some extent (c) No (d) Dont know
20. When you are asked to do something unplanned do you respond angrily?
84
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Author: K.ASWATHAPPA
Title of text book: Organizational Behavior (Revised edition)
Publisher: Himalaya Publishers.
WEBSITES:
www.google.com
www.hrmguide.uk
www.mahalibrary.com
www.managementstudyguide.com
85