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1. Noun
This part of a speech refers to words that are used to name persons, things, animals,
places, ideas, or events. Nouns are the simplest among the 8 parts of speech, which is
why they are the first ones taught to students in primary school.
Examples:
My mother looks a lot like my grandmother, and I look very much like them.
Proper proper nouns always start with a capital letter and refers to specific
names of persons, places, or things.
Examples:
Common common nouns are the opposite of proper nouns. These are just
generic names of persons, things, or places.
Examples:
Concrete this kind refers to nouns which you can perceive through your five
senses.
Examples:
- Folder
- Sand
- Board
- Books
- Paper
- Bags
- Perfume
- Soil
Abstract- unlike concrete nouns, abstract nouns are those which you cant
perceive through your five senses.
Examples:
- Happiness
- Grudge
- Bravery
- Sadness
- Emotional
- Gracefulness
- Fears
- Joy
Count it refers to anything that is countable, and has a singular and plural form.
Examples:
- Kitten
- Video
- Ball
- Book
- Teacher
- Plate
- Box
- Picture
Mass this is the opposite of count nouns. Mass nouns are also called non-
countable nouns, and they need to have counters to quantify them.
Examples of Counters:
- Kilo
- Cup
- Meter
- Centimeter
- Kilometer
- Inch
- Millimeter
- Pound
- Rice
- Flour
- Garter
- Sugar
- Oil
- Coffee
- Soil
- Hair
Example:
2. Pronoun
A pronoun is a part of a speech which functions as a replacement for a noun. Some
examples of pronouns are: I, it, he, she, mine, his, hers, we, they, theirs, and ours.
Example:
You can have ice cream after you finish your dinner
It is raining again.
3. Adjective
This part of a speech is used to describe a noun or a pronoun. Adjectives can specify the
quality, the size, and the number of nouns or pronouns.
Example:
4. Verb
This is the most important part of a speech, for without a verb, a sentence would not exist.
Simply put, this is a word that shows an action (physical or mental) or state of being of the
subject in a sentence.
Example:
I am a student.
5. Adverb
Just like adjectives, adverbs are also used to describe words, but the difference is that
adverbs describe adjectives, verbs, or another adverb.
The different types of adverbs are:
Adverb of Manner this refers to how something happens or how an action is done.
Example:
Example:
Adverb of Place this tells something about where something happens or where
something is done.
Example:
Example:
6. Preposition
This part of a speech basically refers to words that specify location or a location in time.
Examples of Prepositions:
7. Conjunction
The conjunction is a part of a speech which joins words, phrases, or clauses together.
Example:
Example:
Example:
8. Interjection
This part of a speech refers to words which express emotions. Since interjections are
commonly used to convey strong emotions, they are usually followed by an exclamation
point.
Example:
NOTE:
We will use the standard of underlining subjects once and verbs twice.
Being able to find the right subject and verb will help you correct errors of subject-verb
agreement.
Basic Rule. A singular subject (she, Bill, car) takes a singular verb (is, goes, shines),
whereas a plural subject takes a plural verb.
Example: The list of items is/are on the desk.
If you know that list is the subject, then you will choose is for the verb.
1. Subjects and verbs must agree in number. This is the cornerstone rule that forms the
background of the concept.
- The dog growls when he is angry. The dogs growl when they are angry.
- The baby cries when he is angry.
- The babies cry when they are angry.
2. Dont get confused by the words that come between the subject and verb; they do not
affect agreement.
3. Prepositional phrases between the subject and verb usually do not affect agreement.
4. When sentences start with there or here, the subject will always be placed after
the verb, so care needs to be taken to identify it correctly.
- There is a problem with the balance sheet. Here are the papers you
requested.
- There is a problem with the billing information.
- Here are the documents you requested.
5. Subjects don't always come before verbs in questions. Make sure you accurately
identify the subject before deciding on the proper verb form to use.
- Does Lefty usually eat grass? Where are the pieces of this puzzle.
- Does Horsy usually eat grass ?
- Where are the piece of this puzzle?
6. If two subjects are joined by and, they typically require a plural verb form.
- The cow and the pig are jumping over the moon.
- The president and the vice president are from different political parties.
- My father and I will go to fishing today.
7. The verb is singular if the two subjects separated by and refer to the same person or
thing.
8. If one of the words each, every, or no comes before the subject, the verb is singular.
9. If the subjects are both singular and are connected by the words or, nor, neither/nor,
either/or, and not only/but also the verb is singular.
10. The only time when the object of the preposition factors into the decision of plural or
singular verb forms is when noun and pronoun subjects like some, half, none, more, all,
etc. are followed by a prepositional phrase. In these sentences, the object of the
preposition determines the form of the verb.
11. The singular verb form is usually used for units of measurement or time.
Four quarts of oil was required to get the car running.
Two thirds of the members of the congress believes that president is responsible for the
accident.
Two cups of sugar is in the cake.
12. If the subjects are both plural and are connected by the words or, nor, neither/nor,
either/or, and not only/but also, the verb is plural.
Dogs and cats are both available at the pound.
The president and the former PNP chief are both responsible for the misencounter.
Gold fish is in the aquarium.
13. If one subject is singular and one plural and the words are connected by the
words or, nor, neither/nor, either/or, and not only/but also, you use the verb form of the
subject that is nearest the verb.
Either the bears or the lion has escaped from the zoo.
Neither the lion nor the bears have escaped from the zoo.
The dog was escape at the cage.
14. Indefinite pronouns typically take singular verbs. *
Everybody wants to be loved.
Nobody has qualified for the special promotion.
Everyone believes to God.
15. * Except for the pronouns (few, many, several, both, all, some) that always take the
plural form.
Few were left alive after the flood.
Many still harbor doubts about true intention of china
Many was survive at the earthquake.
16. If two infinitives are separated by and they take the plural form of the verb.
To walk and to chew gum require great skill.
To sketch and paint are his professional work.
Exercise is needed to be slim.
17. When gerunds are used as the subject of a sentence, they take the singular verb
form of the verb; but, when they are linked by and, they take the plural form.
Standing in the water was a bad idea.
Swimming in the ocean and playing drums are my hobbies.
Throwing garbage everywhere is bad thing.
18. Collective nouns like herd, senate, class, crowd, etc. usually take a singular verb
form.
The herd is stampeding.
The school faculty is to join a national workship next week.
I am joining the sports fest next month.
19. Titles of books, movies, novels, etc. are treated as singular and take a singular verb.
The Burbs is a movie starring Tom Hanks.
The Lord of the Rings is my favorite movie.
Basketball is my favorite sport.
20. Final Rule Remember, only the subject affects the verb!