Select properties of Liquids

A. Viscosity: the resistance to flow.

1. The greater the viscosity the slower the flow.
a. tested by timing the fluids travel through a thing tube
b. tested by finding the rate of a steel ball sinking in the fluid.
2. Depends on the attractive forces between molecules and on molecular shape.
a. viscosity increases with molecular weight and decreases with temp
3. SI units = kg/m-s
B. Surface Tension: The energy required to increase the surface area of a liquid
by a unit amount.

Gravity and atmosphere

providing the force.
The surface tension of water at
20 C is 7.29 x 10-2 J/m2 (ethanol is
lower)
1. Surface tension is the result of an imbalance of
Mercury = 4.6 x 10-1J/m2
intermolecular forces at the surface of a liquid.

2. Cohesive forces are when things bind to similar

things
3. adhesive forces are when things bind to different
things.

a. These forces are responsible

for the shapes of meniscus in
tubes and for capillary action
4.

Capillary action is the rise of liquids up very narrow

tubes.
C. Phase Changes: change of states

1. Energy Changes accompanying Phase changes.

a. heat of fusion or enthalpy of fusion, Hfus= melting (solid liquid: ice melting
when cooling a drink)
b. heat of vaporization or enthalpy of vap, Hvap = boiling (liquid gas)
c. heat of sublimation, Hsub = solid gas
d. heat of deposition/freezing are also terms but not often used because they sound
oxymoronic

2. Notice that the Hsub is the sum of Hfus and Hvap

3. There are heats of deposition condensation and freezing

a. they are equal and opposite to sublimation, vaporization, and melting
respectively