3] Specific Energy O Tet a Ene: a n< st y —Stohe_thergy = 3 > 7 y ~ ao : Datu: (atm) Energy (Bernoulli) Specific Enevgy -%&,V 42 Save E = y + 23 a > E = + a Definition \e is Che energy veberred to channel bed Lr E = Constant at any Point along the Chane] 4 aSpecific Energy Diagram (E-3) . ® yo” Subcritical B>Ser VS Vey Sl a => Sabcritical flow 4 < Yee => Supercritical — Flow Ya Yer => Critical flow at Emin For any E except Emin Chere ave 2 depths One is subcritical and Che other is Supercritical fi Yo 3,4, are — called alternate depths They have the Same Energy (E) and Discharge (@)Minimam Specific Energy (Emin E=9+ @ 239A for Emin de so gE | + (Qe (24) = 0 Ay 29 A? Ad St Oat 0 JA? QT .) > Jac Rectangular Section Q=%b , Aca bde YE = be 3 b Ye = ¥ d = Rec - Section onlyQ aL. 2307 3p 2A ® min = Ney a Se + Ac T 2Ad 2T , Da Hyd mean Depth = A = For Rectangular Section D= Yer Emin = Yer + 4 Yer Emin = 3 Ser Rec ~ Section only cw = Vey > Ver” = Der 7 24 Ver = 49D Vey = {3 Ser Rec - Section only vO Tp Fy = Me Rec- Section only N faa F>\ supercritical, IF<\ subcvitical » Fel criticalGrent__width chayel R= =9 @ R= A= »b9 10 blo c b+2y g. 2s eo | la Fe b y b i =O See tt Ree bd bee b+24 & +2 4 te : z ee Vey ide channel R=3 bre autres a a= 49s" bs 4 - 4 3"? 498 To Set Sey boy very wide vect channel ‘0/3 Yao 1 Sy & ne lols 34 = Ser Bev ceAny Channel Rectangulay chamel © _— Q* E=249+ 4 239A gag @ = Ae doe YH 3 le S a d, y + De Eni = = Se Ve = VOD. Vo = VO%e Vv i. Vv a = Ve “Yap Nag po Y= A T b Se = On? wide rect MB channel Ts 7 = Top width 3 D= A = Wydyaulic mean depth Me (Q* = ‘Ad = Section factor (M curve) 3 T for non vect channels Se sky (AM cuwe) ear 2 Se = mine Very wide vectangulay channel 74 Qe 625 wis _. = Ee m] @ Az 3x) =3 f 3m V= @ = 625 J 208nls : A 3 Bi ote 1 eect, \.22 m - 2x43! ° Q= 30K ls Ea4he j=? 4, E-%3+ @ 290° 2 4 = 3 + (30) 3 2 «32.2(6'5)° 9* Cr 323-98 Fe 3-024" 42 < 0-30 PE _ 1 3 4-3 Toi 8 4 -S- sal \ 2-6 V/ 3-98 — 00004 2 4 ol ~ 242 3 0.46 05 ete 4y 0:02 0-2 =4.4F 3-4 0-078 W o% 302 3.95 0-028 0-24 — 0:22 2.42 0-004 0-3) 0-24 |Me Q= * (8 3A zm A= 34 (2) = 238 RS ye E2258 = ae P 138 Uz Ve \6o = 1 (i942) S238 0-022 => $$ = oolos = @ 2 Ibe = 22-35 msl es b 2 a {E — ((zzas)’ = 376m a Tat Ve G@. 160 = 67 A 23:8 Fa Vis 67 = (by >I Supercritical it { 4.31 (3-4)S = 0.0025 N= 0-035 @) @= 2200 tes Qe Yee? 50 Ft 23 Ve @= IWR S A 2/3 Ye 2200 = 1-44 309 a) (-0025) (50 4) 0-035 50+24 2/3 f (3) = 2200 - 106-43 (23) 3 S50 +23 S [i [2 [4 [6 [F [es [6s] Ge [onlea | 67 €) [2096] 18% | wed | 373 | te | 134 | 36 | ~2 [+2 22 |-29 => by tral and enor 42679 Mm n 4¥- Q = 2000 _ 44 b 50 - Se 3 4 _ (v4) = 3-92 m 48 MohoowS tou Gee Q? _ Ae Az #5475 a Ta 75424 ne = 3 (yo)’ = (Fs¥e+4e) YX = bbum 4-81 (45424) Qe La " st A we . z A = 75 (134) + (1-34) = 84m Po = F54¢2lt3a) ie = Iza m 4: Vy, Lo = 4o (28) (usa) 5 om: W249 8@ v2a-u.ss [| b tS F5m 2 et d -{e = 333) = Luz m 3 qa = A= Vues (#5) 2 (0-4 me P= 7542 (42s) = 1035 m 23M ho = 4o (92) > 3" (07) > Sa 0:0033 \o-3sA= 69 +3" E= 4+ Qt ax4ai (6343) b) Qa amis at = Ae 9,2 0-64 ° Tv : Ye=0-24 @ 2 (69+9) 5 42029 va Gay a aS Js olsm p> Y=0-6tm c) 3 4 M= A(E = {& Me {coast} O-\Bm +73) ae = |sw'Js Oug M Me f@ = $S 2 0-4t4 3 {taru Q=22w/s neool? E= 4+ a? @ 29A* = E = 9 + (22)’ 2981 (63) rm E=23+_l 469% = @ = 2 236 % b 6 Ne ewe et 1 4 | 0-4 [ 0-6 | og | | Ptu | is |2 |25] 3 | & [acs [ 2s [ue 68 [vs] ve | 209 | 2-61 [30% he 2:38 2 -— \s > Yo = MK 0-85 pe— 0-6 be e mVa) Yee Ul b) Ewin = 166 a rt~—CS~srzSCs@s d) Ex25 —> S=238, Y,206 e) Wa tS —» 4,2 085 £) Y=0-6 (supercritical) YelB (Subcritical) k) S= Sn* _ 428i 0-017)" = 0-002? 43 (Ln) 93) at Y= 0.6 Qz2wn/s N=o-olF# = 6(o6) = 36 Pa 6+ 2(06) 2 z2 23 VA gre (34) G9) on M2. o-0lF => S= 0-027 > 0-002? (( steee_slope)) at Yal8 Be Gul) = oe P= 6+ 2(t8) = 16 2s Ve De ee lilon lo ota (18) 8° oa) (Mild _sloge)b) Ewn = 24 = 264) = 296m OV = {9% = J ai 664) = 2.5 m/s A) Ya =ht5 > Y= 064 Subevitical Flow ro e) Th Ve = 2:5 = an = @- B_ L- sans Y i 5(l25) Tm. NOL 8 = 036 “Gy ~ fates) asume N= 0-025 23, Vo = 5 (0.64) Se 5(o6a) "0.025 5 +2(0-64) —> Sea 000% = 1.6 mlmSpecific Discharge Diagram (4-3) a) E=%+ Q 239A Cr 29A* Q= A {29 (e-3) Y = 3 \29(E -3) Rec - Section only ¥ Subcyitica) 3 Wma k at Sey Yee Peon nonce ba pen nn Yer = z E », supercritical Ynax = 9 See ¥ tor b —~ @ E = ConstB= 20 FE ft \o E = to fe a E=4+@ 2a 6-64 Q@ = A \23(E -4) Q = 204 2(32-2) (E -3) 2 Q@ =\60-5 ¥ Yto-3 * a) Ye = 667 ft Yoo Ble 1853 ° sels b) Quay = 1953-5 be°/s c) Y= 8h > Qa lIgie fe'/S A) Qe looks —. 4,-2-58Ft » dee 2:24 FE By = Subcriticel —, Y, = Supercritical e) Important Example a b= 24m Yes BE = Zlts) = Im 4 = faae = Vea? 2 33 w/s fm Q= ¥b = s1a124 = 752 w/s‘AIN SHAMS UNIVERSITY 2" Civil Engineering Faculty of Engineering Hydraulics (CEI 231) Dept. of Irrigation & Hydraulics 2009/2010 ASSIGNMENT NO. 2 Specific Energy & Applications 1. Define each of the following:- a) Specific energy b) Alternate depths 2. Sketch each of the following curves and discuss each of them a) specific energy curve b) — Mecurve ©) Specific discharge diagram 3. Develop an expression for each of the following: a) critical depth b) critical specific energy ©) critical velocit For both (1) rectangular section & (II) any other section 4, Calculate the specific energy when 6.25 cumecs flow in @ rectangular channel of 3m wide at a depth of Im 5, Determine the alternate depths for 30 ofs flow in a rectangular channel 6.5 ft wide if the specific energy is 4 ft. 6. A 7m wide rectangular channel carries a discharge of 160 m’/sec at a uniform depth of 3.40 m. Manning’s coefficient equals 0.022. Determine the channel slope, critical depth, and Froude’s number. 7. A 15 m wide rectangular channel has slope S = 0.0025 and Manning's coefficient n = 0.035 is carrying a discharge of 62 m/sec. Determine the normal depth and the critical depth of the flow. Construct the specific energy curve. 8. Fora discharge of 40 cumecs, determine the critical depth and critical slope for (a) Trapezoidal channel with bed width 7.5 m and side slope of 1: (b) Triangular channel with side slopes 3:2. (©) Rectangular channel with bed width 7.5 m. 9. Arrectangular channel 5 m wide conveys a discharge of 8m°/sec at a uniform flow depth of 1.25m. Determine the following: a) the critical depth ») the minimum energy ©) the critical velocity 4) the flow conditions ©) Froude’s number at the critical depth and at depth 1.25 m 1) Thecritical slope10, ul. 12, 13. ‘A new earthen trapezoidal channel whose bottom width = 6 m, side slopes 1:1 conveys a discharge Q. Construct a family of a specific-energy curves for Q=0, 1.5, 3, 6 cumecs. Twenty two cubic meters per second flow in a rectangular channel of 6 m width having n of 0.017. Plot accurately the specific energy diagram for depths from 0 to 3 m using the same scale for y and E. Determine from the diagram, (2) The eritical depth. (b) The minimum specific Energy. (©) The specific energy when the depth of flow is 2 m. (d) The depths when the specific energy is 2.5 m. (©) The depth which is the alternate depth for 1.5 m depth. (©) What type of flow exists when the depth is: (i) 0.6 m. (ji) 1.8 m. (g) What are the channel slopes necessary to maintain these depths? (h) What types of slopes are these? (k) What is the critical slope assuming the channel to be of great width? For a trapezoidal channel with width b=6.00m and side slopes 2:1. Calculate Froude’s number draw the M-curve and find the critical depth for a discharge of 17 m’/sec. Flow occurs in rectangular channel of 20 ft width and has a specific energy of 10 ft. Plot accurately the q-curve and determine the following from the curve: a) the critical depth and maximum flow rate b) __ the flow rate at a depth of 8 ft. ©) the depths at which a flow rate of 1000 cfs may exist d) the flow condition at these depths