ELEC2363 - February 10 2016

Name_______________________________________ Student ID

____________________________

TEMPERATURE

Question 1

a) Temperature is a measure of the average/bulk kinetic energy contained within

a group of molecules.
b) The thermocouple creates a voltage called the thermoelectric voltage at J1

and at J2.
c) This voltage difference between J1 and J2 is proportional to the temperature

difference between the hot and cold junctions

d) In the figure above if the voltmeter is reading 2.45mv the J1 temperature is

_______________.
e) In the figure above if J2 is taken out of the ice (room temperature=20deg C)

and the voltmeter is reading 2.45mv then the J1 temperature is

_______________.
 For FIGURE 2 the calibration of the transmitter is set to type T thermouple
with 4-20ma = 0-100 degC and the ambient temperature is 25 degC
f) If the temperature at the T/C is 50 deg C then the voltage at terminals 1 and

2 = 2.036 mv
g) If the terminals at 1 and 2 are shorted then 4 ma will flow at the output.
h) The linearizer in in the circuit because output of a thermocouple is nonlinear
i) Without the linearizer, the error at 50 deg C would be

______________________deg C and give a ma error of

____________________________ma
j) Thermocouple noise can be reduced by the use of an analog filter or an

digital filter.
k) The disadvantage of the analog filter is that is causes non-linearity
l) The 2 sources of electrical noise are called atmospheric Interference and

_______________ _______________________ interference

m) Electrical noise can also be reduced by the use of twisted and shielded pairs

of wire.
n) The twisted pairs reduce the common mode voltages.
o) The shielding is grounded at one end to avoid ground loop currents
p) The most common thermocouples are the
type T colored blue, metal type is copper/constantan
type K colored yellow, metal type is NiCR/NiAl
type J colored black, metal type is iron / constantan
q) Non-grounded T/Cs have the disadvantage of being

__________________________.
 Question 2

a) Metals - All metals produce a positive change in resistance for a positive

change in temperature.

b) The most common metal for use in RTDs is _platinum and it is designed to

have a resistance of 100 ohms at 0 degC

c) The greatest advantage of RTDs over thermocouples is accuracy +/- 0.1 c

d) For small sample size a RTD will exhibit some error due to self heating. One

way to reduce this error is to reduce excitation current

e) RTDs usually use 3 wire connection in order to do lead wire compensation.

f) Place in each box if this best applies to a T/C, RTD or Thermistor

Measure Measure
Advantage Type Disadvantage Type
Most stable Non-linear tc
Small resistance
Two-wire ohms change
More linear Fragile
Rugged Least sensitive
Most accurate Expensive
High output Reference required
Current source
self-powered required
Wide temp range