LIFTING GEAR

A purchase is the rope that has been reeved between blocks of s tackle.

Strength of the purchase :

1. Breaking Strain
2. Safe Working Load (WLL)

Breaking Strain the ultimate strain on a rope at failure (kilograms)

Safe Working Load the maximum load that should be applied to a

rope.

Fibre rope = 1/6 of the breaking strain

Steel Wire Rope = 1/5 of the breaking strain

Rope SWL x 6 = breaking strain

SWR x 5 = breaking strain

Ropes are not supplied in 20.4 mm so use 22mm.

Formulas are not valid for worn or damaged ropes

If no SWL is marked on sheaves then rope size is the largest size that can be run
through the sheave.

The diameter of sheaves used for fibre ropes should be :

when hand operated at least six times the diameter of the rope
when power operated at least twelve times the rope diameter

Diameter of sheave is measured from bottom of groove.

Wire rope blocks generally referred to as steel blocks.

There should be a plate attached to the cheek of the block showing :

Serial number
SWL
Last test date

Rope must match the size of the sheave to avoid crushing, kinking and
deformation
For wire ropes the sheave diameter should be :

non power operated blocks ten times the diameter

for power operated blocks twenty times the diameter

Rough rule of thumb for shackle SWL is 4D squared where D is diameter of the
body in mm.

Do not allow shackles to pull at an angle

Hooks :

Moused
Swivels
Not stretched or distorted
Sufficiently large opening for rope used
Dont overcrowd the hook use shackle

To find the Mechanical Advantage of a purchase count the number of ropes at the
moving block.

If a tackle has a MA = 2 then a force of one tonne applied at the hauling part would
exert a force of 2 tonne at the load to be moved

A tackle is rigged to disadvantage when the hauling part comes from the fixed block.

When rigged to advantage MA = number of sheaves in block + 1

Stress (S) = WEIGHT (W)

MECHANICAL ADVANTAGE (MA)

The stress on the hauling part of the tackle.

PLUS FRICTION per sheave of 10% of the weight being lifted.

Stress = WEIGHT + FRICTIONAL COMPONENT

MECHANICAL ADVANTAGE (MA)

NxW
W + 10
STRESS =
MA
A TACKLE ROVE TO DISADVANTAGE TAKES MORE EFFORT TO MAKE
THE LIFT.

Slings :

Fibre rope
Wire rope
Chain

Fibre rope slings :

1. lifts without scratching

2. protects load surface
3. flexible

Chain strength :

It is common to allow a strength factor of 5 for chain.

Grading of chain :

Grade 1 Mild Steel

Grade 2 Special Quality Steel
Grade 3 Extra Special Quality Steel

With the ISO standards grade 3 is mild & 4 9 are high tensile

SWL = 3 D squared x Grade

Safe slinging of loads :

having correct SWL

connecting the load securely
keeping the load safe when suspended

Under no circumstances should the angle between the slings exceed 120

Where a sling is marked with SWL this relates to angles up to 90

Chain Blocks :

High tensile steel

SWL marked on block and hook
Brake
Stores Crane

Manifold Crane positioned adjacent to liquid fuel transfer manifold for recovering
shore connection lines for liquid transfer.

SWL around 2 tonnes

Auto brake on power stop
Swivel with no overhauling weight
Local operation.

Dancing Roller limit switch to detect runner slackness out of driver view.

Bulk Cargo grab activation may be electric, electro-hydraulic or by wire rope and
sheaves.

Union Purchase is a rig in which a pair of derricks is used in combination, the

derricks being fixed and the cargo runners being coupled in such a way that the load
may be swung from a position vertically under one derrick to a position under the
second.

Proof Load specified in Marine Orders Part 32 Cargo

Handling Equipment Appendix 5.

Shackles :

Check crown & pin for wear no more than 10%

Check pin for straightness
Check that pin is seated
Check that shackle is not opening up

Hook throat opening no more than 5%stretch

Plate of steel block :

Serial Number
SWL
Last Test Date.

Proof Load basically SWL plus a bit

LEL UEL :

Propane 2.1% - 9.5%

Butane 1.6% - 8.0%
Hydrogen 4.0% - 74%
Petrol 1.0% - 7.5%