Apush Period 4 Key Concepts

14911607 16071754 17541800 18001848 18441877 18651898 18901945 19451980 1980PRESENT
PERIOD 4:
18001848
The AP U.S. History Curriculum Framework
Key Concept 4.1: The United States began to develop a modern

Related Thematic democracy and celebrated a new national culture, while
Learning Objectives
CURRICULUM FRAMEWORK
(Focus of Exam Americans sought to define the nations democratic ideals and
Questions) change their society and institutions to match them.
NAT-2.0: Explain I. The nations transition to a more participatory democracy was achieved by
how interpretations expanding suffrage from a system based on property ownership to one based
of the Constitution on voting by all adult white men, and it was accompanied by the growth of
and debates over political parties.
rights, liberties,
and definitions of A) In the early 1800s, national
citizenship have political parties continued
affected American to debate issues such as the
values, politics, tariff, powers of the federal
and society. government, and relations
NAT-4.0: Analyze with European powers.
relationships among
different regional, B) Supreme Court decisions
social, ethnic, and established the primacy of
racial groups, and the judiciary in determining
explain how these the meaning of the
groups experiences Constitution and asserted
have related to U.S. that federal laws took
national identity. precedence over state laws.
POL-1.0: Explain
C) By the 1820s and 1830s, new
how and why
political parties arose the
political ideas,
Democrats, led, by Andrew
beliefs, institutions,
Jackson, and the Whigs,
party systems,
led by Henry Clay that
and alignments
disagreed about the role
have developed
and powers of the federal
and changed.
government and issues
WXT-2.0: Explain such as the national bank,
how patterns of tariffs, and federally funded
exchange, markets, internal improvements.
and private enterprise
have developed, D) Regional interests often
and analyze ways trumped national concerns
that governments as the basis for many
have responded to political leaders positions on
economic issues. slavery and economic policy.

Period 4: 18001848 TEACHER-SELECTED EXAMPLES OF HISTORICAL
INDIVIDUALS, EVENTS, TOPICS, OR SOURCES FOR
Key Concept 4.1
STUDENTS TOEXAMINE THE KEY CONCEPT IN DEPTH
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AP United States History Course and Exam Description Table of Contents 44
2015 The College Board

Learning Objectives
NAT-4.0: Analyze II. While Americans embraced a new national culture, various groups developed
relationships among distinctive cultures of their own.
different regional,
social, ethnic, and A) The rise of democratic and
racial groups, and individualistic beliefs, a
explain how these response to rationalism, and
groups experiences changes to society caused
have related to U.S. by the market revolution,
national identity. along with greater social
CUL-1.0: Explain how and geographical mobility,
religious groups and contributed to a Second
ideas have affected Great Awakening among
American society Protestants that influenced
and political life. moral and social reforms
and inspired utopian and
CUL-2.0: Explain how other religious movements.
artistic, philosophical,
and scientific ideas B) A new national culture
have developed emerged that combined
and shaped society American elements,
and institutions. European influences, and
regional cultural sensibilities.
CUL-4.0: Explain
how different group
identities, including C) Liberal social ideas from
racial, ethnic, class, abroad and Romantic beliefs
and regional identities, in human perfectibility
have emerged and influenced literature, art,
changed over time. philosophy, and architecture.
D) Enslaved blacks and free

African Americans created
communities and strategies
to protect their dignity and
family structures, and they
joined political efforts aimed
at changing their status.

Key Concept 4.1
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Learning Objectives
NAT-1.0: Explain III. Increasing numbers of Americans, many inspired by new religious and
how ideas about intellectual movements, worked primarily outside of government institutions
democracy, freedom, to advance their ideals.
and individualism
found expression A) Americans formed new
in the development voluntary organizations that
of cultural values, aimed to change individual
political institutions, behaviors and improve
and American identity. society through temperance
POL-2.0: Explain how and other reform efforts.
popular movements,
reform efforts, and B) Abolitionist and antislavery
activist groups have movements gradually
sought to change achieved emancipation
American society in the North, contributing
and institutions. to the growth of the
free African American
CUL-3.0: Explain how population, even as
ideas about womens many state governments
rights and gender restricted African
roles have affected Americans rights.
society and politics. Antislavery efforts in
the South were largely
limited to unsuccessful
slave rebellions.
C) A womens rights
movement sought to
create greater equality and
opportunities for women,
expressing its ideals at the
Seneca Falls Convention.

Key Concept 4.1
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Key Concept 4.2: Innovations in technology, agriculture, and

Related Thematic commerce powerfully accelerated the American economy,
Learning Objectives
(Focus of Exam precipitating profound changes to U.S. society and to national
Questions) and regional identities.
POL-3.0: Explain I. New transportation systems and technologies dramatically expanded

how different beliefs manufacturing and agricultural production.
about the federal
governments role A) Entrepreneurs helped to
in U.S. social and create a market revolution in
economic life have production and commerce,
affected political in which market relationships
debates and policies. between producers and
WXT-2.0: Explain consumers came to prevail
how patterns of as the manufacture of goods
exchange, markets, became more organized.
and private enterprise
have developed, B) Innovations including
and analyze ways textile machinery, steam
that governments engines, interchangeable
have responded to parts, the telegraph, and
economic issues. agricultural inventions
increased the efficiency
WXT-3.0: Analyze of production methods.
how technological
innovation has C) Legislation and judicial
affected economic systems supported the
development development of roads,
and society. canals, and railroads, which
extended and enlarged
markets and helped foster
regional interdependence.
Transportation networks
linked the North and
Midwest more closely
than either was linked
to the South.

Key Concept 4.2
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Learning Objectives
WXT-1.0: Explain II. The changes caused by the market revolution had significant effects on U.S.
how different labor society, workers lives, and gender and family relations.
systems developed
in NorthAmerica and A) Increasing numbers of
the United States, and Americans, especially
explain their effects women and men working in
on workers lives factories, no longer relied on
and U.S. society. semisubsistence agriculture;
CUL-3.0: Explain how instead they supported
ideas about womens themselves producing
rights and gender goods for distant markets.
roles have affected
society and politics. B) The growth of manufacturing
drove a significant increase
CUL-4.0: Explain in prosperity and standards
how different group of living for some; this led
identities, including to the emergence of a larger
racial, ethnic, class, middle class and a small but
and regional identities, wealthy business elite but
have emerged and also to a large and growing
changed over time. population of laboring poor.
C) Gender and family roles

changed in response to
the market revolution,
particularly with the growth
of definitions of domestic
ideals that emphasized
the separation of public
and private spheres.

Key Concept 4.2
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Learning Objectives
POL-3.0: Explain III. Economic development shaped settlement and trade patterns, helping to
how different beliefs unify the nation while also encouraging the growth of different regions.
about the federal
governments role A) Large numbers of
in U.S. social and international migrants
economic life have moved to industrializing
affected political northern cities, while
debates and policies. many Americans moved
WXT-2.0: Explain west of the Appalachians,
how patterns of developing thriving new
exchange, markets, communities along the Ohio
and private enterprise and Mississippi rivers.
have developed,
and analyze ways B) Increasing Southern
that governments cotton production and the
have responded to related growth of Northern
economic issues. manufacturing, banking,
and shipping industries
MIG-1.0: Explain the promoted the development
causes of migration to of national and international
colonial North America commercial ties.
and, later, the United
States, and analyze C) Southern business leaders
immigrations effects continued to rely on the
on U.S. society. production and export
MIG-2.0: Analyze of traditional agricultural
causes of internal staples, contributing to
migration and patterns the growth of a distinctive
of settlement in Southern regional identity.
what would become
the United States, D) Plans to further unify the
and explain how U.S. economy, such as the
migration has affected American System, generated
American life. debates over whether such
policies would benefit
agriculture or industry,
potentially favoring different
sections of the country.

Key Concept 4.2
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Related Thematic Key Concept 4.3: The U.S. interest in increasing foreign trade and
Learning Objectives
(Focus of Exam
expanding its national borders shaped the nations foreign policy
Questions) and spurred government and private initiatives.
MIG-2.0: Analyze I. Struggling to create an independent global presence, the United States sought to
causes of internal claim territory throughout the North American continent and promote foreign trade.
migration and patterns
of settlement in A) Following the Louisiana
what would become Purchase, the United States
the United States, government sought influence
and explain how and control over North
migration has affected America and the Western
American life. Hemisphere through a
WOR-1.0: Explain how variety of means, including
cultural interaction, exploration, military actions,
cooperation, American Indian removal,
competition, and and diplomatic efforts such
conflict between as the Monroe Doctrine.
empires, nations,
and peoples have B) Frontier settlers tended to
influenced political, champion expansion efforts,
economic, and social while American Indian
developments in resistance led to a sequence
North America. of wars and federal efforts
to control and relocate
WOR-2.0: Analyze American Indian populations.
the reasons for,
and results of, U.S.
diplomatic, economic,
and military initiatives
in NorthAmerica
and overseas.

Key Concept 4.3
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Related Thematic Key Concept 4.3: The U.S. interest in increasing foreign trade
Learning Objectives
(Focus of Exam
and expanding its national borders shaped the nations foreign
Questions) policy and spurred government and private initiatives.
POL-2.0: Explain how II. The United Statess acquisition of lands in the West gave rise to contests over
popular movements, the extension of slavery into new territories.
reform efforts, and
activist groups have A) As overcultivation depleted
sought to change arable land in the Southeast,
American society slaveholders began
and institutions. relocating their plantations
WXT-1.0: Explain to more fertile lands west
how different labor of the Appalachians, where
systems developed the institution of slavery
in NorthAmerica and continued to grow.
the United States, and
explain their effects B) Antislavery efforts increased
on workers lives in the North, while in the
and U.S. society. South, although the majority
of Southerners owned no
CUL-4.0: Explain slaves, most leaders argued
how different group that slavery was part of
identities, including the Southern way of life.
racial, ethnic, class,
and regional identities, C) Congressional attempts at
have emerged and political compromise, such
changed over time. as the Missouri Compromise,
GEO-1.0: Explain only temporarily stemmed
how geographic growing tensions
and environmental between opponents and
factors shaped the defenders of slavery.
development of
various communities,
and analyze how
competition for
and debates over
natural resources
have affected both
interactions among
different groups and
the development of
government policies.

Key Concept 4.3
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Apush Period 4 Key Concepts

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Apush Period 4 Key Concepts

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14911607 16071754 17541800 18001848 18441877 18651898 18901945 19451980 1980PRESENT

Key Concept 4.1: The United States began to develop a modern

Key Concept 4.1: The United States began to develop a modern

D) Enslaved blacks and free

Key Concept 4.1: The United States began to develop a modern

Key Concept 4.2: Innovations in technology, agriculture, and

POL-3.0: Explain I. New transportation systems and technologies dramatically expanded

Key Concept 4.2: Innovations in technology, agriculture, and

C) Gender and family roles

Key Concept 4.2: Innovations in technology, agriculture, and

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