BTech(Information&CommunicationTechnology)

IIndSemesterCoreCourse

CT111:IntroductiontoCommunicationSystems

Lab5

FMModulationandDemodulation

(1).TostudydirectFMgenerationusingavoltagecontrolledoscillator(VCO).
(2). To experiment with FM demodulation using slopedetector and investigate FM modulated and
demodulatedsignalsintimedomain.

(1) FMModulation:

1. The 555 is basically a multivibrator and in this experiment, it will be operated in astable
configuration. When used as an oscillator (astable), it provides a square wave output. In this
experiment,theFMsignalisgeneratedusingtheIC555,whichistimerICusedforthegenerationof
the carrier signal. The operation of the IC is in the astable mode, so charging time becomes TH =
0.639(R1+R2)CanddischargingtimebecomesTL=0.639(R2)C.
2. The message signal is the sinusoidal signal of amplitude 1 Vpp and the offset voltage of 2 V and
frequencyof5kHz.TheDCoffsetmustbepresentbecausethe 555controlinput mustalwaysbe
positive.
3. AssemblethecircuitasshowninFigure2.
4. First disconnect the sinusoidal signal at pin 5 and observe the square wave at the output pin 3.
CalculatetheONtimeandOFFtime(TonandToffrespectively).Alsocalculatethefrequencyofthe
squarewavewhichisthecarrierfrequency.
5. Thenapplythesinewaveatpin5andobservetheoutputatpin3.Observetheoutput(Remember
thatyouarelookingattonemodulationofasquarecarrier).
Note:ApplytheoutputofthetimertotheCH1andoutputofthesinewavetotheCH2andpress
MONO/DUALandCH1/CH2switchontheCROsothatonecanobservethewaveformofFMeasily
ontheCRO.
6. Repeattheabovemeasurementswithvariationsinthefollowingparameters:
(a).Modulatingsignalwithvaryingamplitude.
(b).Differentfrequencyvaluesofthemessagesignal.

 +
5 V DC
-

R1 = 2 k
8 4
VCC RESET
7
DISCHARGE 3
OUTPUT

R2 = 20 k 6
THRESHOLD RLOAD =10 k

CONTROL
5
TRIGGER FREQ = 6 kHz
2 Vp-p = 1 V
GROUND
C1 = 470 pF VOFF = 3 V
1 555D

Figure2FMmodulatorcircuitusing555

(2) FMDemodulationusingSlopedetectorcircuit:

1. Assemble a WienBridge Oscillator as shown in Figure 1 given below (as assembled earlier in
Lab3),withR=56k andC=0.01F.Thiscircuitgeneratesasinusoidalwaveoffrequency300
Hz,tobeusedasthemessagesignal,m(t).Settheamplitudeofm(t)at1Vusinga10k pot.

2. Connectthemessagesignalm(t)totheMODINpinoftheFunctionGenerator(FG)andselect
FM by using the pushbutton provided at the right end of the FG. Set the FG to generate a
sinusoidalcarrieroffrequency30kHzandamplitudeof3V.
3. SetupthecircuitforFMDemodulationusingSlopeDetectorasshownbelowinFigure3.The
firstpartofthecircuitistheslopedetectorwhichconvertsFrequencyModulationtoAmplitude
Modulation.Themessagesignalisthenrecoveredusinganenvelopedetector.


Figure3

4. Adjust the DC offset knob of the function generator for the carrier signal, to obtain the
demodulatedsignal.
5. Measurethefrequencyofthedemodulatedmessagesignalandverifythatitmatcheswiththe
frequencyoftheoriginalmessagesignal.

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