The Mathematics Digital Library (mathematics-dl.

org)

Solutions to Exercise 1.2

(Ho Soo Thong, David Khor Nyak Hiong and Yan
Kow Cheongs Additional Maths 360 ISBN
9789810117481)

Solved by:
Dr Lee Chu Keong
(ascklee@gmail.com)

This file contains sample solutions from mathematics-dl.org. To

obtain the complete set of solutions for Additional Maths 360,
please go to http://mathematics-dl.org/subscribe.

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Exercise 1.2 (p. 1011)

Basic (Questions 17)
Question 1(a)
3 2 + 9 = 1
Rearranging:
3 2 + 9 1 = 0
= 3; = 9; = 1
Sum of Roots

+ =

9
=
3
= 3
Product of Roots

=

1
=
3
1
=
3

Question 1(b)
4 + 2 2 = 3 2 + 2
Rearranging:
0 = 2 4 + 2
= 1; = 4; = 2
Sum of Roots

+ =

4
=
1
=4
Product of Roots

=

1
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2
=
1
=2

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Question 2
2 + 3 + 1 = 0
= 1; = 3; = 1
Sum of Roots

+ =

3
=
1
= 3
Product of Roots

=

1
=
1
=1

Question 2(i)
2 2 2 + 2
+ =

2( + )
=

2(3)
=
1
6
=
1
= 6

Question 2(ii)
(2 1)(2 1) = 4 2 2 + 1
= 4() 2( + ) + 1
= 4(1) 2(3) + 1
= 4+6+1
= 11

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Question 3
40 2 138 + 119 = 0
= 40; = 138; = 119
Sum of Roots

+ =

138
=
40
= 3.45

+
=
2
3.45
=
2
= 1.725

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Question 4
2 2 4 = 0
= 2; = 1; = 4
Sum of Roots

+ =

1
=
2
1
= (1)
2
Product of Roots

=

4
=
2
= 2 (2)

Question 4(i)
( + )2 = 2 + 2 + 2 (3)
Substituting (1) and (2) into (3):
1 2
( ) = 2 + 2 + 2(2)
2
1
= 2 + 2 4
4
1
2 + 2 = 4 +
4
1
=4
4
17
=
4

Question 4(ii)
( )2 = 2 + 2 2
17
= 2(2)
4
17
= +4
4

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17 16
= +
4 4
33
=
4

33
=
4

33
=
2

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Question 5
2 4 + = 0
= 1; = 4; =

Question 5(i)
Sum of Roots

+ ( + 2) =

4
=
1
2 + 2 = 4
2 = 2
=1
+2=3
The roots are 1 and 3.

Question 5(ii)
Product of Roots

( + 2) =


=
1
=
1(1 + 2) =
=3

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Question 6(a)
Sum of Roots
2+5= 7
Product of Roots
2 5 = 10
Using the formula:
2 (sum of roots) + (product of roots) = 0
2 7 + 10 = 0
Question 6(a) alternative
( 2)( 5) = 2 5 2 + 10
= 2 7 + 10

Question 6(b)
Sum of Roots
1 + 3 = 2
Product of Roots
1 3 = 3
Using the formula:
2 (sum of roots) + (product of roots) = 0
2 2 + (3) = 0
2 2 3 = 0

Question 6(b) alternative

( (1))( 3) = ( + 1)( 3)
= 2 3 + 3
= 2 2 3

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Question 7
2 2 4 + 5 = 0
Sum of Roots

+ =

4
=
2
=2
Product of Roots

=

5
=
2

Question 7(i)
Sum of Roots
( 1) + ( 1) = + 2
= ( + ) 2
=22
=0
Product of Roots
( 1) ( 1) = + 1
= ( + ) + 1
5
= 2+1
2
3
=
2

Using the formula:

2 (sum of roots) + (product of roots) = 0
3
2 0 + =0
2
3
2 + = 0
2
Multiplying throughout by 2:
2 2 + 3 = 0

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Question 7(ii)
Sum of Roots
2 + 2 = 2( + )
= 2(2)
=4
Product of Roots
2 2 = 4
5
= 4( )
2
= 10

Using the formula:

2 (sum of roots) + (product of roots) = 0
2 4 + 10 = 0

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Intermediate (Question 814)

Question 8
2 + + = 0
= 1; = ; =

Question 8(i)
Sum of Roots

+ 4 =


5 =
1
=
= 5 (1)
Product of Roots

(4) =


=
1
4 2 = (2)

Question 8(ii)
LHS, using (1):
42 = 4(5)2
= 4(25 2 )
= 100 2
RHS, using (2):
25 = 25(4 2 )
= 100 2
42 = 25 ()

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Question 9
2 2 2 = 0
= 2; = 1; = 2

Sum of Roots

+ =

1
=
2
1
=
2
Product of Roots

=

2
=
2
= 1

Question 9(i)
( + )2 = 2 + 2 + 2
1 2
( ) = 2 + 2 + 2(1)
2
1
= 2 + 2 2
4
1
2 + 2 = 2 +
4
9
=
4
1
=2
4

Question 9(ii)
2 + 2
+ =

9
= 4
1

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9
=
4
1
= 2
4

Question 9(iii)
4 + 4 = ( 2 + 2 )2 2 2 2
9 2
= ( ) 2(1)2
4
81
= 2(1)
16
81
= 2
16
81 32
=
16 16
49
=
16
48 1
= +
16 16
1
=3
16

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Question 10
2 ( 1) = 0
= 1; = 1 ; =
Sum of Roots

+ ( + 3) =

( 1)
2 + 3 =
1
=1
2 = 1 3
=4
4
=
2
4
=
2 2

= 2 (1)
2
Product of Roots

( + 3) =


2 + 3 =
1
= (2)
Substituting (1) into (2):
2

( 2) + 3 ( 2) =
2 2
Expanding:
2 3
( + 4 2) + ( 6) =
4 2
1 2 1
+ 2=0
4 2
Multiply throughout by 4:
2 + 2 8 = 0
Factorising:
( + 4)( 2) = 0
+4 =0 2=0

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= 4 =2

= 2 = 2
2 2
4 2
= 2 = 2
2 2
= 2 2 =12
= 4 = 1

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Question 11
3 2 3 + 6 = 0
= 3; = 3; = 6
Sum of Roots

+ =

3
=
3
=
Product of Roots

=

6
=
3

( + )2 = 2 + 2 + 2
20 6
2 = + 2( )
3 3
20 2
2 = + 4
3 3
Rearranging:
2 8
2 = 0
3 3
Multiplying throughout by 3:
3 2 2 8 = 0
Factorising:
(3 + 4)( 2) = 0

3 + 4 = 0 2=0
3 = 4 =2
4
=
3

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Question 12
2 2 3 + 6 = 0
= 2; = 3; = 6
Sum of Roots

+ =

3
=
2
3
=
2
Product of Roots

=

6
=
2
=3

Question 12(i)
Sum of Roots
2 2 2 2 + 2 2
+ =

2( 2 + 2 )
=

2[( + )2 2]
=
3
3 2
2 [(2) 2(3)]
=
3
9
2 [4 6]
=
3
2 9 24
= [ ]
3 4 4
2 15
= [ ]
3 4
5
=
2
Product of Roots

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2 2
=4

Using the formula:

2 (sum of roots) + (product of roots) = 0
5
2 ( ) + 4 = 0
2
5
2 + + 4 = 0
2
Multiplying throughout by 2:
2 2 + 5 + 8 = 0

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Question 12(ii)
Sum of Roots
(3 + ) + (3 + ) = 4 + 4
= 4( + )
3
= 4( )
2
=6
Product of Roots
(3 + ) (3 + ) = 9 + 3 2 + 3 2 +
= 10 + 3( 2 + 2 )
= 10(3) + 3[( + )2 2]
3 2
= 30 + 3 [( ) 2(3)]
2
9
= 30 + 3 [ 6]
4
9 24
= 30 + 3 [ ]
4 4
15
= 30 + 3 [ ]
4
45
= 30
4
120 45
=
4 4
75
=
4
Using the formula:
2 (sum of roots) + (product of roots) = 0
75
2 6 + =0
4
Multiplying throughout by 4:
4 2 24 + 75 = 0

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Question 13
2 2 8 3 = 0
Sum of Roots

+ =

8
=
2
=4
Product of Roots

=

3
=
2

Question 13(i)
Sum of Roots
1 1 2 + 2
+ =
2 2 22
( + )2 2
=
()2
3
42 2 ( )
= 2
2
3
( 2)
16 + 3
=
9
4
4
= 19 ( )
9
76
=
9
72 4
= +
9 9
4
=8
9
Product of Roots
1 1 1
=
2 2 22

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1
=
()2
1
=
3 2
( 2)
1
=
9
4
4
=
9

Using the formula:

2 (sum of roots) + (product of roots) = 0
76 4
2 + =0
9 9
Multiple throughout by 9:
9 2 76 + 4 = 0

Question 13(ii)
Sum of Roots
2 + 2 = ( + )
3
= (4)
2
= 6
Product of Roots
2 2 = 33
= ()3
3 3
= ( )
2
27
=
8

Using the formula:

2 (sum of roots) + (product of roots) = 0
27
2 (6) + ( )=0
8

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27
2 + 6 =0
8
Multiplying throughout by 8
8 2 + 48 27 = 0

Question 13(iii)
Sum of Roots
( ) + ( ) = 0
Product of Roots
( ) ( ) = 2 2 +
= 2 2 2
= 2 ( 2 + 2 )
= 2 (( + )2 2)
= ( + )2 + 4
3
= (4)2 + 4 ( )
2
= 16 6
= 22

Using the formula:

2 (sum of roots) + (product of roots) = 0
2 (0) + (22) = 0
2 22 = 0

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Question 14
2 2 71 + 615 = 0
= 2; = 71; = 615
Sum of Roots

+ =

71
=
2
71
=
2
1
= 35
2
Perimeter:
1
2 (35 ) = 71
2
Area:

=

615
=
2
1
= 307
2

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Question 15
= ; = 1; = 2 3
Sum of Roots
( 1)
+ 2 =

1
3 =

1
= (1)
3
Product of Roots
2 + 3
2 2 = (2)

Substituting (1) into (2):
1 2 2 + 3
2( ) =
3
1 + 2 2 2 + 3
2( ) =
9 2
2 + 2 2 4 2 + 3
=
9 2
(2 + 2 2 4) = 9 2 (2 + 3)
2 + 2 2 4 = 9(2 + 3)
2 + 2 2 4 = 18 2 + 27

Rearranging and factorising:

0 = 16 2 + 31 2
= ( + 2)(16 1)

+2 =0 16 1 = 0
= 2 16 = 1
1
=
16

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Question 16
2 3 2 = 0
= 1; = 3; = 2
Sum of Roots

+ =

3
=
1
=3
Product of Roots

=

2
=
1
= 2

6
+ =
1
=6
+
=6

+ = 6
( + ) = 6
3 = 6(2)
3 = 12
= 4

=

2
=

(4)2
=
2
16
=
2
= 8

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Question 17(a)
= 3; = ; = 96
Sum of Roots

+ 2 =


3 =
3

=
3
= 9
Product of Roots

2 =

96
2 2 =
3
= 32
32
2 =
2
= 16
= 4

Reject = 4 because the roots are positive.

= 9
= 9(+4)
= 36

Question 17(b)
= 6 (1)
From (1):
6
= (2)

2 2 = ()2
= 62
= 36
2 13 + 36 = 0
( + )2 = 2 + 2 + 2

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= 13 + 2
= 13 + 2(6)
= 13 + 12
= 25
+ = 5 (3)
Substituting (2) into (3):
6
+ = 5

Multiplying throughout by :
2 + 6 = 5
2 5 + 6 = 0

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Question 18
5 2 102 + 432 = 0
= 5; = 102; = 432
Sum of Roots

+ =

102
=
5
102
=
5
Product of Roots

=

432
=
5

Perimeter:
= + + 2 + 2

= + + ( + )2 2

102 102 2 432

=
+ ( ) 2( )
5 5 5

Area:
1
=
2
1 432
= ( )
2 5
216
=
5
= 43.2

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Question 19(a)
2 2 + + 24 = 0
Sum of Roots

+ =


=
2
Product of Roots

=

24
=
2
= 12

( )2 = 42
2 + 2 2 = 16
( + )2 4 = 16
2
( ) 4(12) = 16
2
2
48 = 16
4
2
= 16 + 48
4
= 64
2 = 64 4
= 256
= 16

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Question 19(b)
3 2 + 2 = 0
= 3; = 1; = 2
Sum of Roots

+ =

1
=
3
1
=
3
Product of Roots

=

2
=
3
Sum of the square of the roots
2 + 2 = ( + )2 2
1 2 2
= ( ) 2( )
3 3
1 4
=
9 3
1 12
=
9 9
11
=
9
Product of the square of the roots
2 2 = ()2
2 2
=( )
3
4
=
9

Using the formula:

2 (sum of roots) + (product of roots) = 0
11 4
2 ( ) + = 0
9 9
Multiplying by 9: throughout:

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9 2 + 11 + 4 = 0

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Question 20(i)
Sum of Roots
1
2 + 2 =
4
Product of Roots
36
2 2 =
4
=9

1 1 2 + 2
+ =
2 2 22
1
=4
9
1
=
36

1 1
=
22 9

Using the formula:

2 (sum of roots) + (product of roots) = 0
1 1
2 + =0
36 9
Multiply throughout by 36:
36 2 + 4 = 0

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Question 21

+ =


=

Question 21(i)
( + 2)( + 2) = ( + 2 + 2 + 4)
= ( + 2( + ) + 4)

= ( + 2 ( ) + 4)

= 2 + 4 ()

Question 21(ii)
( + 2) + ( + 2) = ( + ) + 4

= +4

+ 4
=

Using the formula:

2 (sum of roots) + (product of roots) = 0
+ 4 2 + 4
2 ( ) + ( )=0

Multiplying by throughout:
2 + ( 4) + ( 2 + 4) = 0

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Question 22
4 2 + 1 = 0
= 4; = ; = 1
Sum of Roots

+ =


=
4
Product of Roots

=

1
=
4
1
=
4

Question 22(i)
Sum of Roots
(2 + 3) + (3 + 2) = 5 + 5
= 5( + )

= 5 ( )
4
5
=
4
Product of Roots
(2 + 3)(3 + 2) = 6 2 + 4 + 9 + 6 2
= 6( 2 + 2 ) + 13
1
= 6(( + )2 2) + 13 ( )
4

2 1 1
= 6 (( ) 2 ( )) + 13 ( )
4 4 4

2 1 13
= 6( + )
16 2 4
3 2 13
= +3
8 4

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3 2 1
=
8 4

Using the formula:

2 (sum of roots) + (product of roots) = 0
5 3 1
2 ( ) + ( 2 ) = 0
4 8 4
5 3 1
2 + + 2 = 0
4 8 4
Multiply throughout by 8:
8 2 + 10 + 3 2 2 = 0

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The Mathematics Digital Library (mathematics-dl.org)

Question 23
= 2; = 4; = 5

Question 23(i)
Sum of Roots

+ =

4
=
2
= 2
Product of Roots

=

5
=
2

Question 23(ii)
Sum of Roots
1 1 +
+ =

2
=
5
2
4
=
5
Product of Roots
1 1 1
=

1
=
5
2
2
=
5
4 2
2 ( ) + = 0
5 5
5 2 + 4 + 2 = 0

Question 23(iii)

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Question 24
2 2 = 3
Rearranging:
2 2 + 3 = 0
= 1; = 2; = 3
Sum of Roots

+ =

2
=
1
= 2 (1)
Product of Roots

=

3
=
1
= 3 (2)
From (2):
3
= (3)

Substitute (3) into (1):
3
+ =2

Multiply throughout by :
2 + 3 = 2 (4)
Multiply throughout by , again:
3 + 3 = 2 2 (5)
Substituting (4) into (5):
3 + 3 = 2(2 3)
= 4 6
3 + 6 = 0 (6)
Rearranging (6):
3 = 6 ()
3 + 3 = ( 6) + ( 6)
= ( + ) 12

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= 2 12
= 10

Dr. Lee is an experienced teacher who has taught at the

Singapore and Temasek Polytechnics. He currently teaches
at the Nanyang Technological University. A chemical
engineer by training, Dr. Lee feels that everyone benefits
from a solid grounding in mathematics, and that this
grounding can only be obtained through sufficient practice
on a variety of question types.
The solutions to each question are developed with care with
the idea of deepening the students number sense and
strengthening his basic technique of solving mathematical
problems. To this end, great attention has been paid to the
steps and explanations leading to the final answer.
Dr. Lee is the founder of several mathematics-related
initiatives, and can be contacted at ascklee@gmail.com.

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