Chapter 12 The Internet and Website Development

Modules

Module 12.1 Q1-4 & 6

1 True or false?

a) Broadband connection uses a higher bandwidth than a dial-up connection.

True

b) The Internet arrived when ARPANET adopted DNS standard.

False

c) The Web was the first graphical browser.

True

d) A URL contains a domain name.

True

2 What am I?

a) An organisation that provides access to the Internet for a fee. An Internet

Service provider (IPS).

b) The basis of the Internet.

The Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET)

c) Private network that uses a similar interface to the Web.

An intranet is a private network that uses a similar interface to the Web.

d) The address of a specific computer on the Internet.

A Domain Name is the address of a specific computer on the Internet.

3 Copy and complete the following by replacing the letter in brackets with a
suitable term:

The Internet is a connected set of (a- networks) using the TCP/IP standard. A
dial-up connection requires a (b- modem) and telephone line. The (c- World
Wide Web) was introduced in 1991 using the (d- HTTP) protocol.

4 Questions

a) What is provided by the Internet?

The Internet provides instant access to information such as news, weather reports,
sports scores, share prices and educational material. It also provides services such
as sending messages, banking, shopping, playing games and listening to music.
b) List three ways of establishing a connection to the Internet. The three ways
of establishing a connection to the Internet are by direct connection, dial-up
connection and broadband connection.

c) What contribution did the NSF make to the development of the Internet?
The National Science Foundation agreed to be the back bone for the US
Internet service meaning its provided five supercomputers to service the
increasing volume of traffic and has connected its huge network to the internet.

d) Explain the difference between an intranet and an extranet.

An intranet is a private network that uses a similar interface to the Web. Its a
smaller version of the internet that exists within an organization. It supports
email, newsgroups, file transfer, web publishing and is accessible to users by a
browser. The intranets main purpose is to share information and computing
resources to the members in an organization. The information could be news for
staff members, information about a product, telephone directories, policies,
employee manuals and calendars. This information is usually displayed in a web
page using a similar method to what is used for the Web.

An extranet is an intranet that is not private, making it accessible to customers,

suppliers, or others outside of the organization. Organizations are trying to make
extranets easy to use and provide relevant information such as product
descriptions, frequently asked questions, warranties and how to contact customer
service.

e) Describe an IP address.
An IP (Internet Protocol) address is given to every computer that is connected to
the internet. It is a string of numbers separated by full stops which help a
computer communicate over a network. Domain names are translated into IP
addresses.

f) What is a URL?
A URL (Uniform Resource Locator) is the address of a file or resource on the Web.
By typing the URL on the Web, we can directly find websites and resources that
are linked to the URL.

6 Compare and contrast an intranet and the Internet. Outline the features of
the school intranet.

The Internet (the Net), using the TCP/IP standard, is a connected set of
networks. It connects millions of computers all around the world. Users who have
access to the internet have access to information such as news, weather reports,
sports scores, share prices and educational material. It also provides services such
as sending messages, banking, shopping, playing games and listening to music.
People can access the Internet anywhere such as their homes, at school, at work
or even at the beach. There are three basic types ways of connecting to the
internet.
They are through direct connection, dial-up connection and broadband connection.
The internet contains a large number of intranets and the number of users who use
the internet have unlimited access to it.

The intranet is a network of computers designed for specific users and groups. It
can be accessed through the internet but with restrictions. The intranet contains
specific information for groups who are using it meaning only a number of users
have access to it. Its protected by a password.

Module 12.2 Q1-4

1 Explain the difference between:

a) email and chatting

Email is the transferal of electronic messages using a computer. Email is the most
extensively used internet service. Most browsers include email components and
separate email applications such as Microsoft, Outlook, Express and Netscape
email. Email are needed to access these email applications. Email addressed are
separated into two parts from the (at- @) symbol and the domain name- the
account name. Graphics, text messages, audios, programs and attachments (pdfs
and documents) can be sent through email. Email allows the user to respond to
emails that have been sent to their inbox.

Chatting is done through the communication of a group of people on the same

chat. Group chats are set up in chat rooms or chat channels with the help of
downloaded chat programs. Group chats generally are private conversations where
people make friends and potentially future partners with the help of voice chats
and video chats. An example of a chat room would be social media such as Skype.
The dangers from group chats can come from people creating fake profiles where
they can trick the other user/s into thinking they are someone that they are not.
Its also an environment where children can be exploited and personal information
can be leaked. It is crucial to never share private information (address, phone
number and credit card details) on an online chat.

b) an attachment and a search engine?

An attachment is a file kept in its original from and condition and sent to another
person or opened in another app through email. Videos, text, graphics, audios and
programs can be sent as a file. Its essential to explain the main message of the
file in the subject bar so when the receiver receives the email, they can read and
see what its about without having to open the email.

A search engine is a program which finds web pages and websites. A search engine
is accessible to those using a computer, which is connected to the internet, which
is then accessed using a browser. Keywords are entered in the search bar which
then enables the search engine to find hundreds of databased indexed websites.
Search engines scan websites until they find the keyword/keywords relating to the
users topic of interest. Some of the most popular search engines millions of
people have access to are examples like Google, Alta Vista and Yahoo! Keywords
that are type into the search bar also allow search engines to scan the web for
related images and videos.

C) forwarding and replying

Forwarding an email is sending a received email to someone else. Replying is when
the user responds to a received email by sending something back. 2 Copy and
complete the following sentences:

a) -Email addresses- are unique and consist of two parts separated by the @
symbol.

b) A mailing -list- is a group of people who want to receive the same messages.

c) A web directory organises the Web into -categories-.

d) A -message board/discussion group- is a popular web-based discussion group.

3 What am I?

a) Used to store email addresses? Email server.

b) Code is acceptable behaviour users should follow on the Internet

Netiquette.

c) Online area in which users conduct discussions on a particular topic A

newsgroup.

d) Real-time Internet service that notifies users when one or more

people are online
Instant Messaging (IM).

4 Questions

a) List the four parts of an email header

Toemail address is the address of the person receiving the message, which must
be correctly typed.
Cccarbon copy sends the same message to other people apart from the main
recipient.
Bccblind carbon copy sends a copy to other people without revealing who else
got the message.
Subjectis the topic of the message or brief descriptionthis is very useful for
the receiver of the message.

b) Explain how the user replies to an email message

They reply to an email by pressing reply where they can type a message back to
the sender.
c) Describe some of the rules for netiquette
keep messages short and to the point

be polite and avoid offensive language

avoid sending abusive or insulting messages (flames)do not participate in flame
wars
avoid using all capital letters as it is considered shouting

d) How does a search engine work?

It scans websites on the internet with the keywords that were typed in the search
bar to friend websites that are relevant to the users topic of interest.

e) What is a chat room?

It's a group of channel where people can chat privately or publicly on a topic of
interest.

f) What is provided by an instant messaging service?

Instant messaging (IM) is a real-time Internet service that notifies users when one
or more people are online. They enable users to create buddy lists, check whether
a buddy is online and exchange messages. There are currently no standards for
instant messaging. Individuals on a buddy list need to be on the same or
compatible instant messaging program.

Module 12.3 Q1-4

1 Copy and complete the following sentences:

a) Web -authoring- software is used to create and manage a multimedia website.

b) The refresh command -reloads- the current web page from the server.

c) The -stop- interrupts the download of a web page.

d) -SMTP.POP3 (Post Office Protocol)- is a standard for incoming mail.

2 True or false?

a) OSPs provide a browser as part of their subscription package.

True

b) The back command displays the next web page.

True

c) TCP/IP is a common language of data transmission and error detection over

the Internet.
True

d) FTP is a standard for outgoing email.

False

3 Copy and complete the following by replacing the letter in brackets with a
suitable term:

A web (a-browser) is a software program that allows users to access and view web
(b-pages). It will display a website if the (c-address) is entered directly into the
browser. Web pages that have video take longer to (d-download).

4 Questions

a) What is the advantage of Favorites or Bookmarks?

They allow users to quickly access their recently visited websites by saving them.

b) Describe a website structure.

Things like text, videos, graphics, audios and frames make up a website structure.

c) What is a protocol?
A protocol is a set of rules that governs the transmission of data between computer
devices.

d) How does the TCP/IP work?

It works by breaking information into smaller packets of data.

e) What protocol is used to upload and download files? The File Transfer Protocol
(FTP).

f) What is the hypertext transfer protocol?

It is a standard for transferring the contents of a web page into a browser for
viewing.

Module 12.4 Q1-4

1 What am I?

a) A worldwide collection of documents that use the HTTP standard.

Electronic documents.

b) A file that is stored on the hard disk after visits to a website. Cookies.

c) Checks all incoming data for the purpose of verification and

authentication. Firewalls.
d) A program that claims to be one thing but will cause damage when the
program is started. Trojan horses.

2 Copy and complete the following by replacing the letter in brackets with a
suitable term:

A (a-website) is a group of electronic documents that present (b-information) on a

particular topic. Each electronic document is called a web (c-page). Websites are
stored on powerful computers called (d-servers or web servers).

3 Un-jumble these words:

a) ewb gepa- Web page

b) oxpry rseevr- Proxy server

c) asntirviu aroswfte -Anti-virus software

4 Questions

a) What is a key feature of the Web?

Interactivity.

b) List six different types of websites.

Commercial, information, business, news, portal and personal are the six different
types of websites.

c) What is the purpose of most cookies?

It is to improve the users experience and allow organisations to target
advertisements to users interest and taste.

d) How does a proxy server improve security?

It lets administrators limit access to objectionable content by filtering URL's.

Module 12.5
1 Copy and complete the following sentences

a) A thumbnail image is a small preview representation of the real full size

image.

b) Links are usually identified using an underlined character and/or a different

text colour.
c) Each frame is considered as a separate window and could be a separate HTML
document.

d) Many different colours can be distracting and reduce readability.

2 True or false?

a) HTTP is used to create web pages.

True

b) Streaming audio is heard before the entire file has been transferred.
True

c) Ordered lists are usually shown with a bullet.

True

d) Web forms have an invisible part that stores data in a database. True

3 What am I?

a) The first page viewed by a visitor to a website.

Home Page

b) A set of special instructions that indicate how parts of a document will be

displayed.
HTML

c) A picture, icon or button that changes when the mouse is moved over it.
Rollover Image

d) Rows and columns of cells that are filled with characters or graphics. Tables

4 Questions

a) Describe an intermediate page of a website.

This is the next level down from a homepage, it is accessible from the homepage
and links back to the homepage.

b) How do you create HTML code?

HTML code can be created through any word processor or text editor.

c) Identify the contact information that is needed on most websites. Address,

Phone, Fax and Email.

d) What is a hyperlink?
A hyperlink links to another part on the same webpage.

e) Describe some of the information often displayed in a frame.

Advertising messages, banners and animations that is held in place as the user
navigates through the webpage.

f) Why is navigation an important design element?

It is important that the user can easily navigate through the website and knows
how to work around the structure of the site without getting too confused. Colours
and visual elements can help differentiate the different parts of the website as
well as clear page headers.