The Promise of Federalism

Outline

I. Introduction

Definition of federalism and federalism in the Philippines

II. Body
a. Pros and Cons of federalism
i. Philippine Government
b. Effects of federalism
i. Philippine Government
ii. Philippine Economy
iii. Social Effect
III. Conclusion
Restatement and a summary of what Federalism is.

Mark Angelo A. Cruz

3-BLM

The Promise of Federalism

There has been a lot of talk of Federalism in the Philippines lately. In my

opinion, no one really knows what a Federal Philippines will look like. Introducing

federalism requires drastic change in the bureaucracy, people will be moved from

Manila to the regions, new people need to be hired, equipment will be moved, If you

rush it, it can go downhill fast. Federalism is a nebulous concept, and the way the

term is used in the Philippines is it can mean different things to different people.

Many unitary systems are more decentralized than some federal ones.

When talking about federalism in the Philippines, what often springs to mind is

US style federalism. Personally I think implementing such a system for the

Philippines is problematic and will be a very tortured process. To implement US

Federalism in the Philippines would require figuring out how many states to form,

would there be 6, 10 or 12 states. Each state would elect a legislature, than these

legislatures meet with other states to figure out what powers they should have, and

what powers the Federal government should have. Each state would draft a

Constitution and establish separate judicial system-. After this has happened, only

then you can decentralize central government funds, assets and personal. The

whole process would take 15 years. Why do I say this? Each individual state would

have to draft their respective Constitutions which could take a couple of years.

People have to ask why they want to decentralize? Improve efficiency?

Nurture regional aspirations? This will determine the type and extent of

decentralization. The readiness and competence of the Philippines is the answer for

The Promise of Federalism.

References

Will Federalism Address PH woes? (n.d.) Retrieved August 15, 2016 from:

http://www.rappler.com/nation/politics/elections/2016/120166-federalism-pros-

cons-explainer
Understanding the impact of federalism in the philippines (n.d.) Retrieved

August 15, 2016 from: http://www.mb.com.ph/understanding-the-impact-of-

federalism/
Are Filipinos ready for Federalism? (n.d.) Reteieved August 15, 2016 from:

http://www.opinion.inquirer.net/83276/are-filipinos-ready-for-federalism/
Major Differences in Hospitals Today and Traditional Medicine

Outline

I. Introduction
Key differences in modern medicine and traditional medicine
II. Body
a. Definition
i. Modern Medicine
ii. Traditional Medicine
b. Methods
i. Modern Medicine
ii. Traditional Medicine
c. Effectiveness and Practice
 i. Modern Medicine
ii. Traditional Medicine
III. Conclusion
Restatement of the history and summary of the importance medicine

Mark Angelo A. Cruz

3-BLM

Major Differences in Hospitals Today and Traditional Medicine

Medicine has a history spanning many thousands of years and specialized

establishments for treating the sick have also existed for eons. Despite the fact that

hospitals functions have not changed much during the last century, technological

and scientific progress has made possible treatment approaches that could not have

been implemented a hundred years ago and made a large contribution to health

care. The main differences between hospitals today and a century ago are improved

surgical techniques, the safer use of anesthesia, and safer childbirth procedures.

Today, many people take anesthesia for granted and cannot imagine surgery without

local or complete analgesia. Anesthetics are widely-used, and oftentimes, even

minor surgery is done with the mandatory application of these drugs. They have

become significantly less dangerous, and the control over their usage is applied

effectively.

Another significant achievement of modern hospitals is quality supervision

over pregnancy. Today, a woman giving birth can reasonably presume both she and

her child will undergo a healthy process from pregnancy to birth. This has become

possible due to the new and progressive ways of monitoring the status of a mother

and her fetus. For instance, most modern hospitals, with the help of electronic
means, can survey a babys heartbeats using an internal device positioned directly

on the fetuss head which measures the electrical current produced by the heart.

Birth procedures that were used in the past century have been revealed as

ineffective and have ceased. The adoption of new childbirth technology not only

mitigates any risk that might have led to loss of life or disability a century ago, but

assures an almost perfect outcome.

These positive changes can be attributed to numerous scientific innovations,

economic developments, and better administration policies. Also, decreased levels of

illiteracy both of medical staff and patients should also be considered. Modern

hospitals are exceptionally scientific and complex institutions and have introduced

complex diagnostic and therapeutic technologies. Many hospitals have also

broadened their services and have transformed into institutions offering health

education, research, training, and disease surveillance. Still, this does not mean

modern hospitals do not face challenges.

References

Traditional medicine for modern times (n.d) Retrieved August 24, 2016 from:

http://www.scidev.net/global/medicine/feature/traditional-medicine-modern-

times-facts-figures.html

Traditional healing vs Modern medicine (n.d) Retrieved August 24, 2016 from:

http://www.shaebia.org/index.php?

option=com_content&view=article&id=196:back-to-basics-agriculture-and-

third-world-conundrum&catid=30:contributed-articles&Itemid=56
 Traditional vs. Western Medicine: Which One Is Easier for Chinese

Consumers to Swallow? (n.d) Retrieved August 24, 2016 from:

http://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/article/traditional-vs-western-medicine-

which-one-is-easier-for-chinese-consumers-to-swallow/

What are the difference between traditional medicine & modern medicine?

(n.d) Retrieved August 24, 2016 from:

https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080712211843AAhgRW1

Economic and Business Cycle

Outline

I. Introduction

Definition of Economic and Business Cycle

II. Body
a. Phases of Economic and Business Cycle
Phase 1: Expansion
Phase 2: Peak
Phase 3: Recession
Phase 4: Trough
III. Conclusion

Restatement of what Economic and Business cycle is and its effect in a country.

Mark Angelo A. Cruz

3-BLM

Economic and Business Cycle

 In the most basic terms, business cycles refer to fluctuations in the economic

growth of a nation's economy. Sometimes, business cycles are simply referred to as

ups and downs in the economy. The Philippine economy has experienced economic

fluctuations throughout its history. Usually, when one talks about business or

economic fluctuations, some notion of the aggregate economic output or income is

assumed. The most commonly used measure of the national output is called gross

national product, or GNP. While business cycles are expressed in terms of

fluctuations in real gross national product, they are usually accompanied by

fluctuations in the labor unemployment rate as well.

The first phase is expansion stage begins when certain economic indicators

begin to rise after hitting their lowest points in the preceding cycles trough. The

second phase is Peak while the beginning and end of a stage in a business cycle are

difficult to predict before they occur, a business cycles peak generally occurs during

the final month of its expansion phase. The peak also occurs before various

economic indicators, such as retail sales and the number of employed people fall.

Next is Contraction a business cycles contraction stage is the opposite of its

expansion phase. This means that during a cycles contraction period the economic

indicators that went up in its expansion phase will drop, and those that were low will

generally increase. Last phase is Trough just as a business cycles contraction

phase is the opposite of its expansion stage the cycles trough is the opposite of its

peak. A business cycles trough occurs in the final month of its contraction phase and

is recognized only after it is over.

 While the business cycle is a relatively simple concept, there is great debate

among economists as to what influences the length and magnitude of the individual

parts of the cycle, and whether the government can play a role in influencing this

process. Keynesians, for instance, believe that the government can soften the

impact of recessions by cutting taxes and increasing spending, while also preventing

an economy from "overheating" by increasing taxes and cutting spending during

expansion phases. In comparison, many monetarist economists disagree with the

notion of business cycles altogether and prefer to look at changes in the economy as

irregular fluctuations. In many cases, they believe that declines in business activity

are the result of monetary phenomena and that active government inflation is

ineffective at best and destabilizing at worst.

References

Causes of Economic Cycle (n.d) Retrieved August 24, 2016 from:

http://econ.economicshelp.org/2011/03/causes-of-economic-cycles.html

Essays on Business Cycle (n.d) Retrieved August 24, 2016 from:

https://digital.library.adelaide.edu.au/dspace/handle/2440/56030

Phases and Track of the business cycle (n.d) Retrieved August 24, 2016 from:

https://www.ukessays.com/essays/economics/phases-and-track-of-the-

business-cycle-economics-essay.php

The Concise encyclopedia of economics (n.d) Retrieved August 24, 2016

from: http://www.econlib.org/library/Enc/BusinessCycles.html