Report Comparison Behaviour of Base Isolator and Ordinary Building

COMPARISON BEHAVIOR OF BASE ISOLATOR AND ORDINARY BUILDING
1.1 Objective Report

The objective of this report is to compare the behavior of ordinary buildings and building using base
isolation system, which are displacement, acceleration, story drift, drift angle, shear force and shear
coefficient of the building.
1.2 Model of Building

Model of the building is represented by Figure 1.2.1 and 1.2.2. where building model is three-
dimensional. Illustration of base isolation in building in figure 1.2.1 and 1.2.2 which are modeled as a
truss element and the position of base isolation system is under all of the column 1st story. Figure 1.2.1
and 1.2.2 also explain that the building consists of five spans and five bays, where the total length of the
span is 3600 cm, total length of the bays is 3680 cm, and the number of levels of the building is 12 levels.
Fig. 1.2.1 Plan of Building Model
1
Fig. 1.2.2 Frame Model in the X and Y direction [mm]
1.3. Boundary Condition

The support of columns at the base of the building is roller condition which means that there is no
displacement in the Y, Z direction and no rotation along X, Y, and Z directions. All of other nodes are
free-condition. Support condition of truss element is fixed condition which means that no displacement in
the X and Y and Z direction and no rotation in the X,Y and Z direction.
1.4 Configuration of Cross Section of Structure

The configuration of cross section of structure which is obtained from design calculation in table 1.4.1
indicated configuration of cross-section of the structure.
Table 1.4.1 Configuration of Cross Section Of Structure

No. Type of Structure [mm] Location
1 HSS 635 x 635 x 25.4 Column level 1st until level 3rd
2 HSS 558.8 x 558.8 x 22.23 Column level 4th until level 9th
3 HSS 508 x 508 x 22.23 Column level 10th until level 12th
4 WF 800 x 300 x 14 x 22 Beam level 1st until level 6th
5 WF 700 x 300 x 13 x 20 Beam level 7th until level 9th
6 WF 600 x 300 x 12 x 17 Beam level 10th until level 11th
7 WF 450 x 300 x 11 x 18 Beam level 12th
2
1.5 Input of Gravity Load
The input of gravity of load is combination of 1 D + 1 L, where D is dead load and L is life load. It can
be showed by table 1.5.1
Table 1.5.1 Distributed load of Input of Gravity Load (1D+1L)

Combination Distributed Load
Location 2
Load 1D [kN/m ] 1L [kN/m2] 1D + 1L [kN/m2]
Level 1st until level 6th 6.02 2.53 8.55
1D+1L Level 7th until level 11th 5.99 2.53 8.52
Level 12th 4.62 1.03 5.65
The gravity load is calculated by multiplying the section area of node and distributed of load, where the
section area of node is divided into eight type. The description can be indicated by figure 1.5.1.
Fig. 1.5.1 The Section Area of Distributed Gravity Load And Seismic Weight of 1st Until 11th Stories
3
The weight of node of the first level until the sixth level subjected to the gravity loads can be seen in the
table 1.5.2., the seventh level until the eleventh level in the table 1.5.3, and the twelfth level the table
1.5.4
Table 1.5.2 The Weight of Node of 1stLevel Until 6th Level Subjected to The Gravity Loads (1D+1L)
Pattern 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Section Area [m2] 4.32 8.64 9.27 9.45 8.64 17.28 18.54 18.90
Distributed Load
8.55 8.55 8.55 8.55 8.55 8.55 8.55 8.55
[kN/m2]
Concentrated
36.94 73.88 79.27 80.80 73.88 147.76 158.53 161.61
Load [kN]
Table 1.5.3 The Weight of Node of 7th Level Until 11th Level Subjected to The Gravity Loads (1D+1L)
Pattern 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Section Area [m2] 4.32 8.64 9.27 9.45 8.64 17.28 18.54 18.90
Distributed Load
8.52 8.52 8.52 8.52 8.52 8.52 8.52 8.52
[kN/m2]
Concentrated
36.81 73.62 78.99 80.52 73.62 147.23 157.97 161.04
Load [kN]
Table 1.5.4 The Weight of Node of 12thLevel Subjected to The Gravity Loads (1D+1L)
Pattern 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Section Area [m2] 4.32 8.64 9.27 9.45 8.64 17.28 18.54 18.90
Distributed Load
5.65 5.65 5.65 5.65 5.65 5.65 5.65 5.65
[kN/m2]
Concentrated
24.39 48.78 52.34 53.36 48.78 97.57 104.68 106.71
Load [kN]
1.6 Input of Seismic Weight

The seismic input of weight according to Indonesian code is 1D +0.25 L, where D is dead load and L is
life load. The seismic input of weight is calculated by multiplying the section area of node and distributed
load of seismic weight [1D +0.25L], where the distributed load of seismic weight is indicated by table
1.6.1 and the section area of node is same with the input of gravity load (figure 1.5.1) and figure (1.6.2)
Table 1.6.1 Distributed Load of Input of Seismic Weight (1D+0.25L)

Distributed Load
Combination
Location 1D 0.25L 1D + 0.25 L
Load
[kN/m2] [kN/m2] [kN/m2]
Level Base Floor until level 6th 6.02 0.63 6.65
1 D + 0.25 L Level 7th until level 11th 5.99 0.63 6.62
Level 12th 4.62 0.26 4.88
The weight of the node for the base floor of seismic weight can be seen in the table 1.6.2, The weight of
the node for the first level until the sixth level of seismic weight can be seen in the table 1.6.3, The
4
weight of the node for the seventh level until the eleventh level of seismic weight can be seen in the
table 1.6.4, The weight of the node for twelfth level of seismic weight can be seen in the table 1.6.5
Fig. 1.6.2 The Section Area of Distributed of Seismic Weight Base Floor [W0]
Table 1.6.2 The Weight of Node of Base Floor of Input of Seismic Weight (1D+0.25L)
Pattern 1 2 3 4 5 6
Section Area
12.96 25.92 27.36 25.92 51.84 54.72
[m2]
Distributed
6.65 6.65 6.65 6.65 6.65 6.65
Load [kN/m2]
Concentrated
86.184 172.368 181.944 172.368 344.736 363.888
Load [kN]
5
Table 1.6.3 The Weight of Node of 1st Level Until 6th Level of Input of Seismic Weight (1D+0.25L)
Pattern 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Section Area [m2] 4.32 8.64 9.27 9.45 8.64 17.28 18.54 18.90
Distributed Load
6.65 6.65 6.65 6.65 6.65 6.65 6.65 6.65
[kN/m2]
Concentrated
28.74 57.48 61.67 62.87 57.48 114.97 123.35 125.74
Load [kN]
Table 1.6.4 The Weight of Node of 7th Level Until 11th Level of Input Of Seismic Weight (1D+0.25L)
Pattern 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Section Area [m2] 4.32 8.64 9.27 9.45 8.64 17.28 18.54 18.90
Distributed Load
6.62 6.62 6.62 6.62 6.62 6.62 6.62 6.62
[kN/m2]
Concentrated
28.61 57.22 61.39 62.59 57.22 114.44 122.79 125.17
Load [kN]
Table 1.6.5 The Weight of Node of 12st of Input of seismic Weight (1D+0.25L)
Pattern 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Section Area [m2] 4.32 8.64 9.27 9.45 8.64 17.28 18.54 18.90
Distributed Load
4.88 4.88 4.88 4.88 4.88 4.88 4.88 4.88
[kN/m2]
Concentrated
21.06 42.11 45.18 46.06 42.11 84.22 90.36 92.12
Load [kN]
The resume calcualation of distribution of input seismic weight for base isolator building can be seen by table 1.6.6
Table 1.6.6 Resume Distribution of Input Seismic Weight (1D+0.25L) of Base Isolator Building
Level 1 D [kN] 0.25 L [kN] 1D+0.25L [kN] (1D+0.25L) [kN]
0 7976.00 838.00 8814.00 112025.00
1 7976.00 838.00 8814.00 103211.00
2 7976.00 838.00 8814.00 94397.00
3 7976.00 838.00 8814.00 85583.00
4 7976.00 838.00 8814.00 76769.00
5 7976.00 838.00 8814.00 67955.00
6 7976.00 838.00 8814.00 59141.00
7 7936.00 838.00 8774.00 50327.00
8 7936.00 838.00 8774.00 41553.00
9 7936.00 838.00 8774.00 32779.00
10 7936.00 838.00 8774.00 24005.00
11 7936.00 838.00 8774.00 15231.00
12 6116.00 341.00 6457.00 6457.00
6
1.7 Input Properties of Base Isolation System to DYNAT Program
The type of base isolation system in this study is high damping rubber bearing system (HDRB)
HT100X6R, where HDRB is a product of Bridgestone company (Japan), The Hysteresis calculation of
base isolator use billinear model. The equation to obatin elastic stiffness [K1], plastic stiffnes [K2], yield
shear force [Qy] and yield displacement [dy] could be showed by below equations, where Cross section
area [A] equal 784900 mm2, total heigh of rubber equal [H] equal 248 mm and Max equal 2.7.
Calculation equivalent shear modulus [Geq]
2 3 4
Geq=0.62 ( 2.8553.878 +2.903 1.016 + 0.1364 ) (1.0)
Geq=0.62 ( 2.8553.878 2.7+ 2.903 2.721.016 2.7 3+ 0.1364 2.7 4 ) =0.495 N /mm2
Calculation equivalent stiffness [Keq]
A
Keq=Geq (2.0)
H
748900 N kN
Keq=0.495 =1566 =15.66
248 mm cm
Calculation Ratio Characterictic Strength to Maximum Shear Force [U]
U=0.408 ( 0.9028+0.2711 0.2083 2 +0.03421 3 ) (3.0)
U=0.408 ( 0.9028+0.2711 2.70.2083 2.72 +0.03421 2.73 ) =0.322
Calculation post yield stiffness [K2]
K 2=Keq ( 1U ) ( 4.0)
kN
K 2=15.66 ( 10.322 ) =10.6167
cm
Calculation initial stiffness [K1]
K 1=10 K 2(5.0)
7
kN
K 1=10 10.6167=106.167
cm
Calculation Characteristic Strength [Qd]
Qd=U Keq H (6.0)
Qd=0.322 15.66 24.8 2.7=337.876 kN
Calculation yield shear force [Qy] and yield displacement [dy]

Force [kN]
Relationship between yield shear force and yield displacement showed by figure 1.7.1
[Eq 7.0]
[Eq 8.0]
[Qy]
(y,Qy)
Displacement [cm]
[y]
Fig. 1.7.1 Relationship Between Yield Shear Force and Yield Displacement
K 1i 10 10
Qy= Qd= Qd 337.876 kN=375.417 kN (7.0)
K 1iK 2i 9 9
Qd Qd 337.876
dy= dy= =3.533 cm(8.0)
K 1iK 2i 9 K 2 i 9 10.6167
8
1200
1000
800
600
Force [kN]
400
200
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Displacement [cm]
Based on the result of

calculation of properties base isolator, billinear hysteresis of base isolator illustrated by figure 1.7.2
Qmax = 1044 [kN]
K2
Qy = 375.14[kN] K equivalent
66.7
K1 y= 3.533 M=
Figure 1.7.2 hysteresis of base isolation system
According to the figure 1.7.2, the properties of 36 base isolation system can be showed by table 1.7.1.
Table 1.7.1 Input Properties of Base Isolation System to DYNAT Program

Symbol Properties / [1 unit base isolator] Input to DYNAT Program / [36 unit]
K1 [kN/cm] 106.167 3822.007
K2 [kN/cm] 10.617 382.201
QY [kN] 375.417 13515.043
Qmax [kN] 1044 37602.792
1.8 Input of Seismic Load
9
1600.00
1400.00
1200.00
1000.00(SMS Condition)
Padang Spectrum El Centro NS El Centro EW
SA [cm/sec2] 800.00
600.00
400.00
Kobe NS 200.00 Kobe EW
0.00
0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00
Time Period [sec]
The input of seismic

load in this study used the results of a simulated earthquake ground motion program, the type of spectral
acceleration is SMS curve of Padang city (1.5 times of spectral design at short period), Where the original
data of ground motion input consists of four types of ground motion data which are El Centro EW, El
Centro NS, Kobe Ew, Kobe NS. The output of simulated earthquake ground motion show in figure 1.8.1.
Fig. 1.8.1 The Output of Simulated Ground Motion
The time series response acceleration of simulated earthquake ground motion of El Centro EW indicated
by figure 1.8.2.
10
Fig. 1.8.2 Time Series Response Acceleration of Simulated Ground Motion Elcentro-EW
The time series response acceleration of simulated earthquake ground motion of El Centro NS indicated
by figure 1.8.3.
Fig. 1.8.3 Time Series Response Acceleration of Simulated Ground Motion Elcentro-NS
The time series response acceleration of simulated earthquake ground motion of Kobe NS indicated by
figure 1.8.4
Fig. 1.8.4 Time Series Response Acceleration of Simulated Ground Motion Kobe-NS
The time series response acceleration of simulated earthquake ground motion of Kobe EW indicated by
figure 1.8.5
Fig. 1.8.5 Time Series Response Acceleration of Simulated Ground Motion Kobe-EW
According to the figure 1.8.2 until 1.8.5, the maximum value of acceleration for padang city of simulated
earthquake ground motion El Centro EW, El Centro NS, Kobe EW, Kobe NS can be seen by table 1.8.1
Table 1.8.1 The Value of Maximum Acceleration of Simulated Earthquake Ground Motion
11
Acceleration
No. Type of Ground Motion
[cm/sec2]
1. El Centro EW 553.44
2. El Centro NS 545.73
3. Kobe EW 729.86
4. Kobe NS 665.06
1.9 Method of Numerical Analysis

The method of numerical analysis uses Newmark-beta method for ordinary building and base isolator
building, where the numerical parameter of Newmark-beta method equal 4, and the time interval of
numerical analysis is 0.002 second. Type of damping uses rayleigh damping calculation. The equation of
rayleigh damping can be calculated by equation (9.0), where is natural frequency, h is damping, K is a
stiffness matrix and M is a mass matrix.
[ C ] =a0 [ M ] +a1 [ K ] (9.0)
2 2
2 h1 1 2 2 h1 2 1 2h 2 h2 2
a0 = 2 2
,a 1= 1 12 2
(10.0)
2 1 1 2
The value of
h1, 1 , h2, 2 of ordinary building is represented by table 1.9.1 and the value of
h1, 1 , h2, 2 of base isolator building is represented by table 1.9.2.
Table 1.9.1 The Value of

h1 , 1 , h2 , 2 of Ordinary Building
No. Notation Value
1
h1, 2 [%]
2
h2, 2 [%]
3
1 4.06 [rad/sec]
4
2 11.21 [rad/sec] Value of
damping
take 2 % for ordinary building because the type of structure is steel structure that has damping value equal
2 %.
12
Table 1.9.2 The Value of
h1 , 1 , h2 , 2 of Base Isolator Building
No. Notation Value
1
h1, 2 [%]
2
h2, 2 [%]
3
1 1.99 [rad/sec]
4
2 7.36 [rad/sec]
Value of
damping
take 2 % for base isolator building because the dynamic calculation of structure use billinear hysteresis
therefore equivalent damping of base isolator is not necessary to consider.
The acceleration response spectrum for 2% and 5% damping of El Centro Ew, El Centro NS, Kobe EW
and Kobe NS can be seen by figure 1.9.1 until 1.9.4.
3000.00
2000.00
SA [cm/sec2] 1000.00
El Centro-EW [h=2%] El Centro-EW [h=5%]
0.00
0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 4.50 5.00 5.50
Time Period [sec]
Fig. 1.9.1 Spectrum of Acceleration of El-Centro EW with 2%, 5% Damping
13
3000.00
2000.00
SA [cm/sec2] 1000.00
El Centro-NS [h=2%] El Centro-NS [h=5%]
0.00
0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 4.50 5.00 5.50
Time Period [sec]
Fig. 1.9.2 Spectrum of Acceleration of El-Centro NS with 2%, 5% Damping

3000.00
2000.00
SA [cm/sec2] 1000.00
Kobe-NS [h=2%] Kobe-NS [h=5%]
0.00
0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 4.50 5.00 5.50
Time Period [sec]
Fig. 1.9.3 Spectrum of Acceleration of Kobe NS with 2%, 5% Damping

3000.00
2000.00
SA [cm/sec2] 1000.00
Kobe-EW [h=2%] Kobe-EW [h=5%]
0.00
0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 4.50 5.00 5.50
Time Period [sec]
14
Fig. 1.9.4 Spectrum of Acceleration of Kobe EW with 2%, 5% Damping
Illustrated in Figure 1.9.1 until 1.9.4 the spectrum acceleration of structure with 2% damping is bigger
than 5% damping.
The velocity of response spectrum for 2% and 5% damping of El Centro-Ew, El Centro-NS, Kobe EW
and Kobe NS can be seen by figure 1.9.5 until 1.9.8.
600.00
400.00
SV [cm/sec] 200.00
0.00
0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 4.50 5.00 5.50
Time Period [sec]
Fig. 1.9.5 Spectrum of Velocity of El-Centro EW with 2%, 5% Damping

600.00
400.00
SV [cm/sec] 200.00
0.00
0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 4.50 5.00 5.50
Time Period [sec]
Fig. 1.9.6 Spectrum of Velocity of El-Centro NS with 2%, 5% Damping
15
400.00
SV [cm/sec] 200.00
0.00
0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 4.50 5.00 5.50
Time Period [sec]
Fig. 1.9.7 Spectrum of Velocity of Kobe NS with 2%, 5% Damping

400.00
SV [cm/sec] 200.00
0.00
0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 4.50 5.00 5.50
Time Period [sec]
Fig. 1.9.8 Spectrum of Velocity of Kobe EW with 2%, 5% Damping
Illustrated in Figure 1.9.5 until 1.9.8 the spectrum velocity of structure with 2% damping is bigger than
5% damping.
The displacement response spectrum respsonse spectrum for 2% and 5% damping of El Centro Ew, El
Centro NS, Kobe EW and Kobe NS can be seen by figure 1.9.9 until 1.9.12.
16
300.00
200.00
SD [cm] 100.00
0.00
0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 4.50 5.00 5.50
Time Period [sec]
Fig. 1.9.9 Spectrum of Displacement of El-Centro EW with 2%, 5% Damping

200.00
SD [cm] 100.00
0.00
0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 4.50 5.00 5.50
Time Period [sec]
Fig. 1.9.10 Spectrum of Displacement of El-Centro NS with 2%, 5% Damping

300.00
200.00
SD [cm] 100.00
0.00
0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 4.50 5.00 5.50
Time Period [sec]
17
Fig. 1.9.11 Spectrum of Displacement of Kobe NS with 2%, 5% Damping
300.00
200.00
SD [cm] 100.00
0.00
0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 4.50 5.00 5.50
Time Period [sec]
Fig. 1.9.12 Spectrum of Displacement of Kobe EW with 2%, 5% Damping
Illustrated in Figure 1.9.9 until 1.9.12 the spectrum displacement of structure with 2% damping is bigger
than 5% damping.
1.10. Dynamic Eigen Value Analysis

The result of dynamic eigenvalue for nonlinear analysis obtain by DYNAT program, It can be seen
eigenvalue analysis of ordinary building in the table 1.10.1 and eigenvalue analysis of base isolator
building in the table 1.10.2. Where f is frequency, T is time period, h is damping, (X) is participation
factor in the X direction, (Y) is participation factor in the Y direction, (Z) is participation factor in the Z
direction, (X) is equivalent mass ratio in the X direction, (Y) is equivalent mass ratio in the Y direction
and (z) is equivalent mass ratio in the Z direction.
Table 1.10.1 Result of Eigen Value of Ordinary Building

MODE f [Hz] T [sec] h (X) (Y) (Z) (X) (Y) (Z)
1 0.64 1.56 0.02 8.97 0.00 0.00 0.76 0.00 0.00
2 0.66 1.52 0.02 0.00 -8.98 0.00 0.00 0.77 0.00
3 1.77 0.57 0.02 3.48 0.00 0.00 0.11 0.00 0.00
4 1.83 0.55 0.02 0.00 3.47 0.00 0.00 0.11 0.00
5 3.01 0.33 0.03 -2.15 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.00
6 3.11 0.32 0.03 0.00 2.15 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.00
7 4.35 0.23 0.04 -1.67 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.00
8 4.48 0.22 0.04 0.00 -1.66 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.00
18
9 5.23 0.19 0.04 0.00 0.00 7.78 0.00 0.00 0.58
10 5.62 0.18 0.05 0.00 -0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Total 0.95 0.95 0.58
Table 1.10.2 Result of Eigen Value of Base Isolator Buiding

MODE f [Hz] T [sec] h (X) (Y) (Z) (X) (Y) (Z)
1 0.32 3.15 0.02 10.62 0.00 0.00 0.99 0.00 0.00
2 0.66 1.52 0.02 0.00 8.98 0.00 0.00 0.77 0.00
3 1.17 0.85 0.02 -1.18 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00
4 1.83 0.55 0.03 0.00 -3.47 0.00 0.00 0.11 0.00
5 2.25 0.44 0.03 -0.32 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
6 3.11 0.32 0.04 0.00 -2.15 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.00
7 3.45 0.29 0.05 0.13 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
8 4.48 0.22 0.06 0.00 1.66 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.00
9 4.82 0.21 0.07 -0.07 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
10 5.23 0.19 0.07 0.00 0.00 -7.78 0.00 0.00 0.58
Total 1.00 0.95 0.58
The summation of equivalent mass ratio in the X direction of table 1.10.1 eigen analysis is 0.95 and the
summation of equivalent mass ratio in the X direction of table 1.10.2 eigen analysis is 1.00 according to
Indonesian code SNI 1726-2014 clause 7.9.1 the minimum summation equivalent mass ratio is 0.90, its
mean the result calculation of dynamic eigen value analysis is ok. Based on the participation factor in the
x direction of table 1.10.1 and 1.10.2, the main of mode shape of ordinary building are mode number [1],
[3], [5] and [7] and mode shape of base isolator building are mode number [1] and [3].
1.11 Mode Shape

The figure 1.11.1 represent main of mode shape of ordinary building.
19
12.00
10.00
8.00
6.00
MODE 1ST MODE 3rd MODE 5th
4.00
2.00
0.00
-0.20 -0.15 -0.10 -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20
Fig. 1.11.1 Main of Mode Shape of Ordinary Building
The figure 1.11.2 represent main of mode shape of base isolator building.
20
12.00
10.00
8.00
6.00
MODE 1ST MODE 3rd
4.00
2.00
0.00
-1.00 -0.50 0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50
Fig. 1.11.2 Main of Mode Shape of Ordinary Building
Illustrated on figure 1.11.1 and 1.11.2 the dominant mode shape is the 1st mode shape, it show
displacement building when subjected to the seismic load
1.12. Distribution of The Maximum Response Displacement of Ordinary and Base Isolator Building
21
12
10
8
6
Story
NON LINEAR ORDINARY BUILDING BASE ISOLATOR BUIILDING
4
2
0
10.00 30.00 50.00 70.00 90.00 110.00

0.00 20.00 40.00 60.00 80.00 100.00
Max. Displacement [cm]
The figure 1.12.1

represent distribution of the maximum response displacement of ordinary and base isolator building of El
Centro EW ground motion in the X direction
Fig. 1.12.1 Distribution the Maximum Response Displacement of Ordinary

And Base Isolator Building of El Centro EW
Illustrated on figure 1.12.1 the biggest of displacement at the top floor is base isolator building.
The figure 1.12.2 represent distribution of the maximum response displacement of ordinary and base
isolator building of El Centro NS ground motion in the X direction
22
12
10
8
Story
6
NON LINEAR ORDINARY BUILDING
4
2
0 BASE ISOLATOR BUIILDING
0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 70.00 80.00

Fig. 1.12.2 Distribution Maximum Response Displacement of Ordinary Building

And Base Isolator Building of El Centro NS
Illustrated on figure 1.12.2 the biggest of displacement at the top floor is base isolator building
The figure 1.12.3 represent distribution of the maximum response displacement of ordinary and base
isolator building of Kobe EW ground motion in the X direction
23
12
10
8
Story
6
4
2
0 BASE ISOLATOR BUIILDING
0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 70.00

Fig. 1.12.3 Distribution Maximum Response Displacement of Ordinary Building

And Base Isolator Building of Kobe EW
Illustrated on figure 1.12.3 the biggest of displacement at the top floor is base isolator building.
24
12
10
8
6
Story
NON LINEAR ORDINARY BUILDING BASE ISOLATOR BUIILDING
4
2
0
10.00 30.00 50.00 70.00 90.00

0.00 20.00 40.00 60.00 80.00 100.00
The figure 1.12.4

represent distribution of the maximum response displacement of ordinary and base isolator building of
Kobe NS ground motion in the X direction
Fig. 1.12.4 Distribution Maximum Response Displacement Of Ordinary Building

And Base Isolator Building Of Kobe NS
Illustrated on figure 1.12.4 the biggest of displacement at the top floor is base isolator building
The value maximum response displacement of ordinary building and base isolator building of all figure
1.12.1 until 1.12.4 showed by table 1.12.1.
Table 1.12.1 Maximum Response Displacement Nonlinear Ordinary And Base Isolator Building
El Centro NS [cm] El Centro EW [cm] Kobe NS [cm] Kobe EW [cm]
Level Ordinar Base Ordinar Base Base Base
Ordinary Ordinary
y Isolator y Isolator Isolator Isolator
25
0 - 51.20 - 64.96 - 63.47 - 38.09
1 3.32 52.95 3.48 67.24 3.79 65.84 3.24 39.58
2 9.97 56.01 11.41 71.30 12.05 70.14 10.00 42.13
3 17.83 59.21 22.44 75.62 22.78 74.61 17.99 44.92
4 25.70 62.27 35.32 79.90 34.97 78.64 26.13 48.03
5 31.75 64.64 47.07 83.44 46.80 81.63 32.89 50.87
6 36.12 66.50 56.06 86.48 56.45 84.08 38.02 53.45
7 39.71 68.18 63.00 89.51 63.96 86.25 42.31 56.10
8 43.00 69.70 68.75 92.56 69.68 88.17 46.17 58.75
9 45.88 70.93 73.37 95.27 73.64 89.77 49.27 60.99
10 48.75 72.10 77.29 97.97 76.69 91.21 51.68 63.14
11 51.47 73.13 80.21 100.20 78.97 92.31 53.30 64.92
12 53.39 73.87 81.84 101.70 80.31 93.05 54.24 66.12
According to the table 1.12.1 the value of response displacement at the top floor of nonlinear ordinary
building is smaller than response displacement of isolator building. The biggest of displacement of
ordinary building is El Centro EW and The biggest of displacement of base isolator building is El Centro
EW
1.13. Maximum Response Acceleration of Ordinary Building and Base Isolator Building
The figure 1.13.1 represent maximum response acceleration of nonlinear ordinary and base isolator
building of El Centro EW ground motion in the X direction
12
10
8
ACC OF NON LINEAR OF ORDINARY BUILDING
Story
6
4
2
BASE ISOLATOR BUILDING

0
300.00 600.00 900.00 1200.00

ABS. Acceleration [cm/sec2]
26
Fig. 1.13.1 Distribution Maximum Response Acceleration Of Ordinary Building
And Base Isolator Building Of El Centro EW
Illustrated on figure 1.13.1 the biggest of acceleration occur in the top floor building, the acceleration of
base isolator each story is smaller than acceleration ordinary building.
building of El Centro NS ground motion in the X direction
12
10
8
Story
6
NON LINEAR OF ORDINARY BUILDING BASE ISOLATOR BUILDING

4
2
0
400.00 500.00 600.00 700.00 800.00 900.00 1000.00

Fig. 1.13.2 Distribution Maximum Response Acceleration of Ordinary Building

And Base Isolator Building of El Centro NS
27
building of Kobe EW ground motion in the X direction
12
10
8
Story
6
4
2

0
300.00 600.00 900.00


And Base Isolator Building of Kobe EW
28
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
Story
5
4
3
2
1
0
300.00 600.00 900.00 1200.00
The figure 1.13.4

represent maximum response acceleration of nonlinear ordinary and base isolator building of Kobe NS
ground motion in the X direction

And Base Isolator Building of Kobe NS
The value maximum response acceleration of nonlinear ordinary building and base isolator building of all
figure 1.13.1 until 1.13.4 showed by table 1.13.1.
Table 1.13.1 Maximum Response Acceleration Nonlinear Ordinary And Base Isolator Building
29
El Centro NS El Centro EW Kobe NS Kobe EW
[cm/sec2] [cm/sec2] [cm/sec2] [cm/sec2]
Level
Base Base Base Base
Ordinary Ordinary Ordinary Ordinary
Isolator Isolator Isolator Isolator
0 - 512 - 603 - 580 - 553
1 532 517 635 577 596 576 692 518
2 634 555 719 510 600 540 647 449
3 664 572 745 478 676 456 689 438
4 648 537 721 445 753 474 729 436
5 611 532 691 487 822 500 802 424
6 688 480 851 515 831 513 882 441
7 610 518 820 454 791 494 902 482
8 602 504 717 477 699 499 858 515
9 716 434 704 547 677 518 761 492
10 766 475 820 611 827 467 752 475
11 839 652 918 721 955 647 1004 631
12 1367 892 1439 994 1374 961 1575 806
According to the table 1.13.1, the acceleration of base isolator each story is smaller than acceleration
ordinary building, The maximum response of acceleration in the top floor of ordinary building is Kobe
EW and the maximum response acceleration of base isolator building is Elcentro EW
1.14 Maximum Response Story Drift of Ordinary Building and Base Isolator Building
The figure 1.14.1 represent response story drift of ordinary building and base isolator building of El
Centro EW ground motion in the X direction.
12

10
8

Story
6
4
UPPER LIMIT MAX DRIFT OF ORDINARY BUILDING

2
0
0.00
UPPER10.00 20.00
LIMIT MAX DRIFT30.00 40.00
OF BASE 50.00BUILDING
ISOLATION 60.00 70.00
Max. Drift [cm]
30
Fig. 1.14.1 Distribution Maximum Response Story Drift of Ordinary Building
and Base Isolator Building of El Centro EW
Illustrated in figure 1.14.1 the maximum story drift of ordinary building occur in the 4th story, the story
drift for nonlinear analysis of ordinary building is bigger than base islolator building. The story drift of
non linear ordinary building is bigger than upper of limit story drift ordinary building and The story drift
of base isolator building is smaller than upper of limit story drift base isolator and upper of limit story
drift ordinary building.
The figure 1.14.2 represent response story drift of ordinary building and base isolator building of El
Centro NS ground motion in the X direction.
12

10
8

6
Story
4

2
0
5.00 15.00 25.00 35.00 45.00 55.00

0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00
UPPER LIMIT MAX DRIFT OF BASE ISOLATION BUILDING 50.00
Max. Drift [cm]

and Base Isolator Building of El Centro NS
31
non linear ordinary building is bigger than upper limit story drift ordinary building and The story drift of
base isolator building is smaller than upper of limit story drift base isolator and upper of limit story drift
ordinary building.
12

10
8

Story
6
4

2
0
0.00
UPPER5.00
LIMIT 10.00 15.00
MAX DRIFT OF 20.00 25.00 30.00
BASE ISOLATION 35.00 40.00
BUILDING
Max. Drift [cm]
The figure 1.14.3

represent response story drift of ordinary building and base isolator building of Kobe EW ground motion
in the X direction.

and Base Isolator Building of Kobe EW
non linear ordinary building is bigger than with upper of limit story drift ordinary building and The story
drift of base isolator building is smaller than upper of limit story drift base isolator and upper of limit
story drift ordinary building.
The figure 1.14.4 represent response story drift of ordinary building and base isolator building of Kobe
NS ground motion in the X direction.
32
12
10
8
Story
6
4

2
0
0.00
UPPER10.00 20.00
LIMIT MAX DRIFT30.00 40.00
OF BASE 50.00BUILDING
ISOLATION 60.00 70.00
Max. Drift [cm]

and Base Isolator Building of Kobe NS
drift for nonlinear analysis of ordinary building is bigger than base isolator building. The story drift of
nonlinear ordinary building is bigger than upper of limit story drift ordinary building and the story drift of
base isolator building is smaller than upper of limit story drift base isolator and upper of limit story drift
ordinary building.
According to the figure 1.14.1 until 1.14.4 the maximum story drift of ordinary building occur in the 4th
story and all figure maximum story drift of ordinary building is bigger than the upper limit of story drift
ordinary building. The story drift of base isolator building is smaller than the ordinary building. The
values of story drift nonlinear ordinary building and base isolator building of all figure 1.14.1 until 1.14.4
showed by table 1.14.1
Table 1.14.1 The Value Of Story Drift Non Linear Ordinary Building And Base Isolator Building
Leve El Centro NS El Centro EW Kobe NS Kobe EW UPPER LIMIT STORY
l DRIFT
33
Base Base Base Base
Ordinar Ordinar Ordinar Ordinar Base
Isolato Isolato Isolato Isolato Ordinary
y y y y Isolator
r r r r
1 2.77 1.79 3.31 1.83 3.29 2.24 2.78 1.42 8.08 8.40
2 6.25 3.10 7.96 3.96 7.80 4.19 5.92 2.37 8.08 8.40
3 7.91 3.31 11.09 4.96 10.82 4.48 7.59 2.54 8.08 8.40
4 8.30 3.43 12.93 5.39 12.78 4.18 8.41 2.94 8.08 8.40
5 6.49 2.80 11.74 4.48 12.07 3.20 7.29 2.85 8.08 8.40
6 4.34 2.24 8.97 3.56 9.69 2.63 5.52 2.79 8.08 8.40
7 3.43 1.97 6.94 3.38 7.51 2.34 4.48 3.06 8.08 8.40
8 3.33 1.68 5.74 3.28 5.71 2.07 3.96 3.20 8.08 8.40
9 2.96 1.19 4.59 2.76 3.94 1.68 3.15 2.83 8.08 8.40
10 2.56 0.87 3.78 2.60 2.98 1.48 2.33 2.80 8.08 8.40
11 1.76 0.54 2.63 2.08 2.10 1.11 1.35 2.31 8.08 8.40
12 1.05 0.29 1.44 1.37 1.20 0.74 0.62 1.52 8.08 8.40
According to the table 1.14.1, The biggest story drift occurs in the 4th story and the biggest story drift of
nonlinear ordinary building is El Centro EW with the value of story drift equal 12.93 cm and the biggest
story drift of base isolator building is El Centro EW with the value of story drift equal 5.39 cm. It can be
concluded the story drift of ordinary building not ok because the story drift is bigger than the upper limit
of story drift, the story drift of base isolator building is ok because the upper limit of story drift is smaller
than the upper limit of story drift.
1.15 Relationship Story Drift Angle of Ordinary Building and Base Isolator Building
The relationship between drift angle and story of ordinary building and base isolator building illustrated
by figure 1.15.1 until 1.15.4
34
12
10
8
Story
6
NON LINEAR ORDINARY BUILDING BASE ISOLATOR BUILDING

4
2
0
0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10 0.12 0.14 0.16

Drift Angle
The figure 1.15.1

represent the relationship between drift angle and story of ordinary building and base isolator building of
El Centro EW ground motion in the X direction.
Fig. 1.15.1 Relationship Story Drift Angle of Ordinary Building

and Base Isolator Building El Centro EW
The figure 1.15.2 represent the relationship between drift angle and story of ordinary building and base
isolator building of El Centro NS ground motion in the X direction.
35
12
10
8
Story
6
4
2
0 BASE ISOLATOR BUILDING
0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10 0.12 0.14

Drift Angle
Fig. 1.15.2 Relationship Story Drift Angle Story of Ordinary Building

and Base Isolator Building El Centro NS
The figure 1.15.3 represent the relationship drift angle and story of ordinary building and base isolator
building of Kobe EW ground motion in the X direction.
36
12
10
8
Story
6
4
2
0 BASE ISOLATOR BUILDING
0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09
Drift Angle

and Base Isolator Building Kobe EW
37
12
10
8
Story
6
NON LINEAR ORDINARY BUILDING BASE ISOLATOR BUILDING

4
2
0
0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10 0.12 0.14 0.16

Drift Angle
The figure 1.15.4

represent the relationship drift angle and story of ordinary building and base isolator building of Kobe NS
ground motion in the X direction.

and Base Isolator Building Kobe NS
1.16 Maximum Layer Shear Force Each Story of Ordinary Building and Base Isolator Building
The maximum layer shear force each story of ordinary building and base isolator building illustrated by
figure 1.16.1 until 1.16.4.
The figure 1.16.1 represent maximum layer shear force each story of ordinary building and base isolator
building of El Centro EW ground motion in the X direction.
38
12
10
8
Story
6
ISOLATOR BUILDING ORDINARY BUILDING

4
2
0
0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000 40000

MAX. Shear Force [kN]
Fig. 1.16.1 Maximum Layer Shear Force Each Story of Ordinary Building
and Base Isolator Building El Centro EW
Illustrated in figure 1.16.1 the maximum layer shear force of ordinary building is bigger than base isolator
building and the value of the maximum layer shear force of 1st story of the ordinary building is 36910 kN
and the value of maximum layer shear force at the 1st story of base isolator building is 34330 kN.
The figure 1.16.2 represent maximum layer shear force each level of ordinary building and base isolator
building of El Centro NS ground motion in the X direction.
39
12
10
8
Story
6
4
2
0
0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000 40000

Fig. 1.16.2 Maximum Layer Shear Force Each Level of Ordinary Building
and Base Isolator Building El Centro NS
40
12
10
8
Story
6
4
2
0
0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000 40000

and Base Isolator Building Kobe EW
building of Kobe NS ground motion in the X direction.
41
12
10
8
Story
6

4
2
0
0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000 40000

and Base Isolator Building Kobe NS
1.17 Distribution of Story Shear Coeffcient of Ordinary Building and Base Isolator Building
The distribution of story shear coeffcient of ordinary building and base isolator building illustrated by
figure 1.17.1 until 1.17.4.
The figure 1.17.1 represent distribution of story shear coeffcient of ordinary building and base isolator
building of El Centro EW ground motion in the X direction.
42
12
10
8
Story
6

4
2
0
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4

Shear Coefficient [kN]
Fig. 1.17.1 Distribution Story Shear Coeffcient of Ordinary Building and

Base Isolator Building El Centro EW
43
12
10
8
Story
6
4
2
0 ISOLATOR BUILDING ORDINARY BUILDING
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4


Base Isolator Building El Centro NS
44
12
10
8
Story
6
4
2
0 ISOLATOR BUILDING ORDINARY BUILDING
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35


Base Isolator Building Kobe EW
building of Kobe NS ground motion in the X direction.
45
12
10
8
Story
6

4
2
0
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4


Base Isolator Building Kobe NS
1.18 Relationship Max. Story Drift and Story Shear Force of Base Isolator Building (Base Floor)
The figure 1.18.1 until 1.18.4 represent maximum response story drift of Base Isolator Building El
Centro-EW, El Centro NS, Kobe EW and Kobe NS ground motion at the base floor in the X direction.
46
50000.00
Max capacity of base isolator
40000.00is 37602.792 kN
30000.00
20000.00
Shear Force [kN] 10000.00
0.00
-60.00 -40.00 -20.00 0.00 20.00 40.00 60.00
-70.00 -50.00 -30.00-10000.00
-10.00 10.00 30.00 50.00 70.00
-20000.00
Upper
Limit
-30000.00 Base Isolator is 66.7 [cm]
Drift [cm]
Fig. 1.18.1 Relationship Max. Story Drift and Story Shear Force of Base Isolator Building
(Base Floor) Elcentro-EW
Illustrated in figure 1.18.1 the maximum story drift of base floor is 64.96 cm and the maximum of the
shear force is 36990 kN. The maximum capacity of base isolator is 37602.792 kN and the maximum drift
of upper limit base isolator is 66.7 cm, it can be concluded the capacity of base isolator bigger than shear
force of base isolator.
47
30000.00
Upper
Limit 20000.00
Base Isolator is 66.7 [cm]
10000.00
0.00
Shear Force [kN] -60.00 -40.00 -20.00 0.00 20.00 40.00 60.00
-70.00 -50.00 -30.00-10000.00
-10.00 10.00 30.00 50.00 70.00
-20000.00
-30000.00
-40000.00
Drift [cm]

is 37602.792 kN
(Base Floor) El Centro NS
shear force is 31730 kN. The maximum capacity of base isolator is 37602.792 kN and the maximum
displacement of upper limit base isolator is 66.7 cm, it can be concluded the capacity of base isolator
bigger than shear force of base isolator.
48
40000.00
Upper
30000.00 Limit
20000.00
10000.00
Shear Force [kN] 0.00

-60.00 -40.00 -20.00 0.00 20.00 40.00 60.00
-70.00 -50.00 -30.00-10000.00
-10.00 10.00 30.00 50.00 70.00
-20000.00
-30000.00
-40000.00
Drift [cm]

is 37602.792 kN
(Base Floor) Kobe EW
49
40000.00
30000.00
20000.00
10000.00
Shear Force [kN]
0.00
-60.00 -40.00 -20.00 0.00 20.00 40.00 60.00
-70.00 -50.00 -30.00-10000.00
-10.00 10.00 30.00 50.00 70.00
-20000.00
-30000.00
Drift [cm]

is 37602.792 kN
Upper
Limit
(Base Floor) Kobe NS
According to the figure 1.18.1 until 1.18.4 all of the maximum of story drift of base isolator smaller than
upper limit drift of base isolator and the capacity of base isolator bigger than shear force of base isolator.
Conclusion
The use of base isolator system on the building with the category of high seismic intensity area is
very effective to reduce the danger of earthquake risk. It can be proved by the analysis that has
been performed on the seismic performance analysis of the base isolator system building and
ordinary building. The result shows that the building using base isolator system can extend the time
50
period of the building which has an effect on reducing the acceleration values in the buildings and
also reducing the shear force of the earthquake.
The use of base isolators in the buildings can minimize displacement large and story drift of the
structure. It can be seen from the studies that have been done by a very noticeable difference from
the value of story drift in the building base isolator system and ordinary building where the value of
the maximum story drift of the building with base isolator system is 5.39 cm and the value of the
maximum story drift of ordinary building is 12.93 cm. According to Indonesia code, the upper limit
of the story drift in this study for ordinary buildings is 8.08 cm and the upper limit of the story drift
base isolator building is 8,40 cm. It can be concluded that the story drift of ordinary building is
bigger than the upper limit story drift of ordinary building and the story drift of base isolator
building is smaller than the upper limit of the story drift of base isolator system.
51

Report Comparison Behaviour of Base Isolator and Ordinary Building

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COMPARISON BEHAVIOR OF BASE ISOLATOR AND ORDINARY BUILDING

1.1 Objective Report

1.2 Model of Building

Fig. 1.2.1 Plan of Building Model

1.3. Boundary Condition

1.4 Configuration of Cross Section of Structure

Table 1.4.1 Configuration of Cross Section Of Structure

Table 1.5.1 Distributed load of Input of Gravity Load (1D+1L)

1.6 Input of Seismic Weight

Table 1.6.1 Distributed Load of Input of Seismic Weight (1D+0.25L)

Calculation equivalent shear modulus [Geq]

Calculation equivalent stiffness [Keq]

Calculation Ratio Characterictic Strength to Maximum Shear Force [U]

U=0.408 ( 0.9028+0.2711 0.2083 2 +0.03421 3 ) (3.0)

U=0.408 ( 0.9028+0.2711 2.70.2083 2.72 +0.03421 2.73 ) =0.322

Calculation post yield stiffness [K2]

Calculation initial stiffness [K1]

Calculation Characteristic Strength [Qd]

Qd=U Keq H (6.0)

Qd=0.322 15.66 24.8 2.7=337.876 kN

Calculation yield shear force [Qy] and yield displacement [dy]

Based on the result of

Figure 1.7.2 hysteresis of base isolation system

Table 1.7.1 Input Properties of Base Isolation System to DYNAT Program

Kobe NS 200.00 Kobe EW

Time Period [sec]

The input of seismic

Fig. 1.8.1 The Output of Simulated Ground Motion

1.9 Method of Numerical Analysis

[ C ] =a0 [ M ] +a1 [ K ] (9.0)

h1, 1 , h2, 2 of base isolator building is represented by table 1.9.2.

Table 1.9.1 The Value of

No. Notation Value

No. Notation Value

Fig. 1.9.1 Spectrum of Acceleration of El-Centro EW with 2%, 5% Damping

Fig. 1.9.2 Spectrum of Acceleration of El-Centro NS with 2%, 5% Damping

Fig. 1.9.3 Spectrum of Acceleration of Kobe NS with 2%, 5% Damping

Fig. 1.9.5 Spectrum of Velocity of El-Centro EW with 2%, 5% Damping

Fig. 1.9.6 Spectrum of Velocity of El-Centro NS with 2%, 5% Damping

Fig. 1.9.7 Spectrum of Velocity of Kobe NS with 2%, 5% Damping

Fig. 1.9.8 Spectrum of Velocity of Kobe EW with 2%, 5% Damping

Fig. 1.9.9 Spectrum of Displacement of El-Centro EW with 2%, 5% Damping

Fig. 1.9.10 Spectrum of Displacement of El-Centro NS with 2%, 5% Damping

Fig. 1.9.12 Spectrum of Displacement of Kobe EW with 2%, 5% Damping

1.10. Dynamic Eigen Value Analysis

Table 1.10.1 Result of Eigen Value of Ordinary Building

Table 1.10.2 Result of Eigen Value of Base Isolator Buiding

1.11 Mode Shape

Fig. 1.11.1 Main of Mode Shape of Ordinary Building

Fig. 1.11.2 Main of Mode Shape of Ordinary Building

10.00 30.00 50.00 70.00 90.00 110.00

The figure 1.12.1

Fig. 1.12.1 Distribution the Maximum Response Displacement of Ordinary

0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 70.00 80.00

Fig. 1.12.2 Distribution Maximum Response Displacement of Ordinary Building

0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 70.00

Fig. 1.12.3 Distribution Maximum Response Displacement of Ordinary Building

10.00 30.00 50.00 70.00 90.00

The figure 1.12.4

Fig. 1.12.4 Distribution Maximum Response Displacement Of Ordinary Building

ACC OF NON LINEAR OF ORDINARY BUILDING

BASE ISOLATOR BUILDING

300.00 600.00 900.00 1200.00

NON LINEAR OF ORDINARY BUILDING BASE ISOLATOR BUILDING