Lyce Des Arts Mathematics 8th-Grade

Name: . . . . . . . . . "Square roots" A.S-8.

Notion about numbers:
1. Natural numbers:
Write down numbers that you use for counting the number of pages of a book or any other thing we use:
....
Ex1: Consider the set of numbers 1,2,3,4,5, .... .
a) Trace a number line and place the above numbers on it.
..
b) What do you notice about the position of these numbers on the number line?
..
Ex2: Consider the following equations: 1) x 3 5 2) 2 x 5 3
a) Solve equation-1 for x in the set .
..
..
b) If you are only familiar with the set of natural numbers, then can you find a value of x that satisfies
equation-2? Show your work.
..
c) What suggestions would you make to have a solution for equation-2?
.
2. Integers:
As you noticed, from the above example that some equations of the form x a b , where a & b
belong to cannot be solved in the set .
Ex3: What type of numbers would you use to represent the following situations?
- Temperature below zero. - Down slopes. - Value that verifies: x 3 2
- Places below ground floor - Loss.
..

So we will extend the set to the set of integers , which stands for Zahlen.
The set of integers consists of numbers such as:

Ex4: Describe the set of integers in terms of natural numbers....

Conclusions: 1) The set of integers is denoted by: ... 3, 2, 1,0,1,2,3... .

Ex5: Solve the following equations in :

x 2 4 0 ..

2 x 3 0 ...

Mathematics - Activity sheet - Grade 8. March 12, 2017 Page 1 of 6

3. Rational numbers:
, is insufficient to solve some equations of the form ax b 0, where a & b belong to .
So, we will extend the set into the set of rational numbers.
2 4 2 1
Example: , , , , are rational numbers.
3 5 1 3
1) The set of rational numbers is denoted by: Q 1 1 1 3 35 .
... , , 1,0, , , ...
3 2 3 2 4
Conclusions: 2) A number is rational if that can be written in the ratio form,
a
, where a & b
b
are integers such that b 0 .

A rational number can be written in decimal form.

Decimal form of a rational number:

A number in decimal form is said to be rational if:

Limited decimal part
Limited Ex1: 3. 45

Its decimal part is Or

Unlimited but Unlimited yet periodic
Ex2:1. 75
periodic

1) Classify the real numbers: 3, 5, 0, 2, 1.2, 4, 1.1 & 7, according to their signs.

2) Find the squares of the real numbers:

The real numbers 3 -5 -4 -2 -1.1 0 1.2 7
Their squares
3) Can you find a real number in which its square is negative? .
Conclusion: The square of a
Consider the following couples of real numbers:
1st couple 2nd - couple 3rd - couple 4th - couple
1 1
2 & 2 3 & 3 & a & a
5 5
1- What does each couple represent? Justify. ....

Mathematics - Activity sheet - Grade 8. March 12, 2017 Page 2 of 6

2- Complete the following table:
1st - couple 2nd - couple 3rd - couple 4th - couple
1 1
Numbers 2 2 3 3 a a
5 5
Their squares

3- What do you notice about the squares of the above opposite numbers?

Conclusion: A real number and its opposite admit the same square.
Q & A table:
1. List sixteen real squared numbers 25, 36,
A number ....
2. What is a squared number?

Find the real numbers whose squares are presented in the following table:
Numbers 0 1 4 9 16 100 3600 0.09 0.0016
Square form (1) 2
(1) 2

Sign of base -ve +ve

Postulate

1 & 1 1 1 & 1 1
Since the are called the square
is equal to then
square of roots of
7 & 7 49 7 & 7 49

Def: If a is any real positive number, then there exist a number whose square is a

Conclusions: How many square roots does a real number admit? Discuss.
Type of the number Number & sign of the roots if they exist Give example
Positive real number Admits two square roots one is positive the other is

Mathematics - Activity sheet - Grade 8. March 12, 2017 Page 3 of 6

What is a radical?
We define the radical of a number by the positive square root of a positive real number.
Eg: Compute the following:
- Radical121 ................ - Radical81 ................
- Radical225 ................ - Radical49 ................
Instead of writing radical (25) we can use the symbol, 2 25 or simply 25 .

index 2 radical sign

Terminology: a radicand where a is any positive real number
Calculate the following:
16 ............. a) What do you notice? .
16 2 .............
1

.
25 2 .............
1
25 ............. b) What do you conclude?
64 2 ............. .
1
64 .............

Correct the following false statements:

a) A non-zero real number admits two square roots. .
b) To find the square root of a number, we divide it by 2. .
c) 2 is the square root of -4.
Radicals and calculators:
1) Use your calculator to find:
Numbers 2 3 8 13 16
Describe the
decimal part
Is it a rational
number?

2) Determine the measure of the diagonal of the rectangle ABCD of dimensions 3cm & 4 cm .
.
.
.
3) Calculate the exact value of the diagonal of a square whose side is 3cm .
.
.
.
4) Find the length of the diagonal in decimal form: ...
5) Are the above numbers rational numbers? Justify.
Note that: Such numbers are called irrational numbers.
6) Give three or more examples of irrational numbers: .

Mathematics - Activity sheet - Grade 8. March 12, 2017 Page 4 of 6

Operations on radicals:
What condition should the radicand always hold?
Let a be any positive real number and b is a strictly positive real number:
1. Write the above statement in inequality form.
2. Write in simplest form possible:

145 178
One exponent 2 5 3 3
11 3
7 7

95 218
5 15
One radical 7 3 2 13
11 13

3. Express the following in simplest form possible:

Expression Detailed solution
2 x 3( x 1)
2 5 3( 5 1)

Conclusions:
Multiplication: a b where, ..
a
Division: ... where, .
b
Addition: 2 a 3 a where, .
Subtraction: c a b a where, ..
Reminder:
Compute: 3 5 2
......... 3 2
2 2 .........
2

Calculate:
Values of a & b a 2 b2 a 2 b2 Compare: a 2 b2 & a 2 b2
a 1& b 1
a 5 & b 4
a 4&b 5

What do you notice? .

Is it true that: a b a b ? .

Mathematics - Activity sheet - Grade 8. March 12, 2017 Page 5 of 6

Complete the following table:
Compute the numerical value of For x 1 For x 0 For x 3 For x 5
A ( x 2)2

i- Is it true that ( x 2) 2 x 2 for all real values of x ? Explain.

..
ii- For what values of x is A 0 ?
iii- Express x 2 without radical sign.(indicate all cases)
2

.
.
.
itself : a iff a 0

Remark: a 2 its opp : a iff a 0
null : 0 iff a 0

Complete the following Venn diagram with the suitable terms to determine the relation among
different subsets of real numbers
(Natural numbers, integers, whole numbers, decimal numbers)
Give examples.

Rational Irrational

Mathematics - Activity sheet - Grade 8. March 12, 2017 Page 6 of 6