Food Science

Titration lab report

(13, 16 January 2017)

In this experiment, we learned about acid and base. The

pH level is used to determine that does this substance is
acidic or basic solution. The pH level is a scale from 1 to
14, which from 0 to 7 is acid and from 7 to 14 is base that
mean 7 is the neutral point. For acid the lower the pH level
are the strength the acid is. For base the higher the pH
level are the strength the base is. Ionization is a process
that an atom require a negative or positive charge by
gaining or losing electron to form an ions. When ionize
acid or when acid is dissolved in water, they will release
hydrogen (H+) or hydronium (H3O+) ions into the solution
which the solution is called acidic solution. When ionize
base or when base is dissolved in water, they will release
hydroxide ion (OH-) into the solution which the solution is
called basic or alkaline solution. The strength of acid and
base is depend on ionization. If it ionize completely in
water, mean that almost all the molecule break apart and
release ion in the solution, then it will be either strong acid
or base, but if it dont ionize completely in water, mean that
only some molecule break apart and release ion in the
solution, then it will be either weak acid or base.
Titration is a method that used to determine the
concentration or strength of acid or base by neutralization
of acid and base and see that how many volume of base it
takes to make this acid become neutral and use the
volume of base to compare with other acid result. Acid that
have higher volume of base will be stronger or higher in
concentration. The indicator is needed to be add to the
acidic solution which is Phenolphthalein that it will turn to
pink color in basic solution and clear in acidic solution. So
when the acidic solution turn to slightly pink it mean that it
is become neutralization which that point is called
Equivalence point. Therefore, as the pH level of the
solution is increased, it color will become darker and
darker pink.

In the experiment, the base is Sodium Hydroxide and the

acid is Vinegar. The indicator is Phenolphthalein.
Phenolphthalein has been added to the acidic solution
which is vinegar before start the experiment. Place the
basic solution which is Sodium Hydroxide into the buret.
Start the process by slowly add the base drop by drop
while swirl it, until the certain amount that it will change the
acid color permanently to slightly pink. When it became
slightly pink it tell that it turn to be neutral.
Purpose:

The purpose of this experiment is to identify the

concentration of the acidic solution by titration process
which done by neutralization of acid and base.

Materials

1. Safety goggles
2. Gloves
3. Lab coat
4. Ring stands with clamps to hold the burets
5. Burets
6. Erlenmeyer Flask
7. Phenolphthalein solution (indicator)
8. An acid (vinegar)
9. A base (sodium hydroxide)

Methods:
 1. Put on lab coat, gloves, and safety goggles (to be
worn throughout the whole experiment).
2. Obtain one 50-mL buret on a ring stand that is
filled with NaOH (sodium hydroxide).
3. Obtain two Erlenmeyer flasks filled with 15 mL
different concentrations of vinegar.
4. Add 3-5 drops of the indicator phenolphthalein to
the vinegar. Place the flask under the tip of the buret
containing NaOH.
5. Slowly add the NaOH to the vinegar. A pink color
appears where the base first contacts the acid. Swirl
the flask until the color disappears.
6. Add the base, drop by drop, while swirling after
each drop, until the base turns the solution to a pale
pink (not a bright pink) that does not disappear.
7. Record the volume of the base NaOH used from
the buret.
8. Repeat procedure with the other three flasks.
9. Average for each concentration the amount of
base required.

Data table & Observations

Title : Titration result of each sample???

 Sample Volume of NaOH pH levels Color
1 11.8 cm3 8 Bright Pink
2 14.1 cm3 8.5 Bright Pink
3 14.2 cm
3
7.5 Light pink
4 14.2 cm
3
8 Bright Pink

Observation:
Titration result

An erlenmeyer flask on the left side showing that it

was adding too much amount of NaOH (Sodium
hydroxide) so the color turns into bright pink with a pH 8.5.
The middle one result is moderate with a pH of 8 its color
is pale pink and the right one was the best result with a pH
of 7.5
Sample one and two are weaker than sample three
and four because it takes less base to neutralize it.
Discussion Section:

1. What was the function of the indicator in this

experiment? How does it work?

- The indicator in this experiment which is

Phenolphthalein, it is used to determine when does
the solution become neutralization by it is added to
the acidic solution before the experiment start. It color
will be clear in acidic solution and turn to pink in the
basic solution. So when the base is added to the acid
it will turn to pink and when swirl it the pink color will
disappear. Until the certain amount of base that have
been add it will change the acidic color permanently
to slightly pink which tell that it turn to be
neutral.Therefore, as the pH level of the solution is
increased, it color will become darker and darker pink.

2. Which sample of vinegar was more

concentrated? Explain your answer.

- The second sample of vinegar was more

concentrated because it require more drop of base
than the first sample to become neutral.
 3. If a neutralization reaction produces salt and
water, write the chemical equation for your
experiment, and the name of the salt produced.
- Sodium hydroxide + acetic acid = sodium acetate
and water. The salt is acetate ion.
HC2H3O2(aq)+NaOH(aq)=C2H3O2-(aq) + H2O(l)
(Senese, 2010)

4. What are some functions of the salt produced

from the titration?

- Acetate ions can be used to extract copper (II),

nickel (II), cobalt (II), magnesium (II) and iron (II, III)
(Elsevier, 2005)

5. The human body has a process for maintaining

pH and regulating the amount of acid and base
present in the body. What is this process called and
briefly explain some of its functions and how it works.

- The chemical buffer process is the process that

maintain PH in the body. The most important chemical
 during this process is the bicarbonate(HCO3),
because H+ binds with the hydrogen atom(HCO3 + H
= H2O + CO2) Water and CO2 can be easily cleanse
through urinating and exhaling. (Keller, 2012)

Conclusion:

In conclusion the experiment shows that Sodium

Hydroxide mixed with Acetate acid will result in a From the
result, the data table shows that sample one and two have
less strength and concentration than sample three and
four because it takes less base to neutralize it.

References

Keller, D.(2012). Understanding Acid Base Balance in the

Human Body Retrieved from
http://www.brighthubeducation.com/science-homework-
help/108712-acid-base-balance-in-the-human-body/

Senese, F.(2010). How do I compute the pH at the

equivalence point in the titration of acetic acid with
NaOH? Retrieved from
http://antoine.frostburg.edu/chem/senese/101/acidbase/fa
q/equivalence-point-HOAc-NaOH.shtml

Elsevier, B.V. (2005). Influence of acetate ions and the

role of the diluents on the extraction of copper (II), nickel
(II), cobalt (II), magnesium (II) and iron (II, III) with different
types of extractants Retrieved from
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304386
X05000861?np=y

Work log

Ming Conclusion, Purpose,

Discussion, question(3,4)
Min Discussion section(5), Front
page + Background
Beam Introduction, Reference,
Discussion question(1)
Jenny Materials, Data table,
Methods, Discussion,
question(2)