Mechanical Engineering

ME 316: Machine Design

Lecture 02:
Review of Chapters 3 & 4

By: Amir Ameli

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Content ME 316

Chapter 3: Load and Stress Analysis

Shear force & bending moment
Stress & strain components
Normal & shear stresses in beams
Chapter 4: Deflection and Stiffness for:
Tension
Compression
Torsion
Bending

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 ME 316

Static Equilibrium

Free-Body diagrams
- Simplifies thought process
- Establishes the directions/magnitudes
- Provides useful equilibrium equation.

See Example 3-1 on p.87

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Shear Force & Bending Moment

FBD

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Load Intensity, Shear Force & Bending Moment

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Singularity Functions (Table 3-1)
Singularity functions
are used to construct
q, V and M relations,
which are used in
drawing their
diagrams.

See
Examples
3-2 & 3-3
on p.91-93
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Stress Components ME 316

Stresses on a surface

General 3D stress
Plane stress
Stresses involving z-
direction are zero.

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 ME 316
Principal Stresses (Plane Stress)
Plane-stress transformation equations:

Setting gives angles of principal stresses:

principal stresses: and

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 ME 316
Principal Stresses (Plane Stress)

In a similar way, setting gives angles of extreme shear stresses:

Extreme shear stresses: and

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 ME 316
Mohrs Circle (Plane Stress)

(100,10,30)

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 ME 316
Mohrs Circle (Plane Stress)

See Examples
3-4 on p.98
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Elastic Strain ME 316

and for shear strain , we have:

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Normal Stress for Beams in Bending

See Example
3-5 on p.104
Second moment of area about z axis

Maximum magnitude of bending stress

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Shear Stress for Beams in Bending

First moment of area A w.r.t. neutral axis

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Shear Stress for Beams in Bending
Rectangular cross-section

See Example 3-7 on p.98 15

Torsion ME 316

Any moment vector collinear with an elements axis is called torque

, which twists the element about its axis and causes torsion.

Angle of twist

Polar second moment of area

Shear stress

Maximum shear stress

See Example 3-8 on p.117 16

 ME 316

Chapter 4:
Deflection and Stiffness

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Deflection and Stiffness ME 316

Deflection is another important design

criterion in load-bearing components.
Sometimes, deflection is the limiting design
factor rather than stress.

Spring Constant:

Deflection in the location

and direction of the force F 18
Tension, Compression and Torsion
Spring constant of axially loaded bar:

and

Spring constant of a bar under torsion:

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Deflection Due to Bending ME 316

Negligible slope in
many applications

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Bending Equations ME 316

See Example 4-1 on p.165

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Deflection Due to Bending ME 316

(See Table A-9 for various loading types)

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Deflection Due to Bending ME 316

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Summary ME 316

Chapter 3: Load and Stress Analysis

Shear force & bending moment
Stress & strain components
Normal & shear stresses in beams
Chapter 4: Deflection and stiffness for
Tension
Compression
Torsion
Bending

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