RF Based Intelligent Parking System using

Microcontroller

A PROJECT REPORT

Submitted by

RAJ KALANGUTKAR (060412)

ROHAN KELKAR (060435)
ASHWIN NAIK (060436)
in partial fulfilment for the award of the degree of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering

Guide: Samarth Borkar

Department Of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering

College Of Engineering, Goa

GOA UNIVERSITY

2009-10
 Approval Sheet

This is to certify that the project entitled “RF Based Intelligent

Parking System using Microcontroller”
By
Raj Kalangutkar (060412)
Rohan Kelkar (060435)
Ashwin Naik (060436)

is approved for the degree of Bachelor of Engineering

(Electronics & Telecommunication)

___________________

Mr. Samarth Borkar

(Project Guide)
Lecturer
Electronics & Telecommunication Engg. Dept.

____________________

Dr. R. B. Lohani
Professor& Head,
Electronics & Telecommunication Engg. Dept.
College of Engineering, Goa

Date: ___________
 Certificate

This is to certify that the project entitled “RF Based Intelligent

Parking System using Microcontroller” has been satisfactorily
completed in the academic year 2008-09 as a partial fulfillment of the
syllabus of Degree course in Bachelor of Engineering (Electronics &
Telecommunication) by

Raj Kalangutkar (060412)

Rohan Kelkar (060435)
Ashwin Naik (060436)

__________________
Internal Examiner

____________________
External Examiner

__________________
Dr. R. B. Lohani
Professor & Head,
Electronics & Telecommunication Engg. Dept.
College of Engineering, Goa.

Date: __________
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This project has been completed as a partial fulfilment of the curriculum for the degree
course of Bachelor of Engineering (Electronics & Telecommunication) under the guidance of
Mr Samarth Borkar (Lecturer Department of Electronic & Telecommunication, GEC).
We express our sincere gratitude for his valuable guidance and inspiration for the completion
of the project work. Without his continued encouragement, the project would have remained
far from reality.

We would also like to thank Dr R.B. Lohani (HOD, Department of Electronics &
Telecommunication, and GEC) for his wholehearted support and for guiding us in right
direction.

We take this opportunity to express our sincere thanks to all the teaching staff and non-
teaching staff, who have helped us in our project.

We would also like to thank our batch mates for their continual support in all respect.

Finally we thank The Almighty God, our family members and well-wishers for their moral
support when our spirits were low.
 ABSTRACT

In private societies, companies; the entry of vehicles as well as people are not allowed. So
instead of employing large men power an automatic secured parking system is employed.
This saves a lot of money and chances of errors are also less.

Here, we propose an RF based secure and intelligent parking system using

microcontroller. The proposed system monitors and controls the entry of vehicles in private
and restricted zones. For permitting entry of vehicle, vehicle code and driver code will be
entered from vehicle cabin. The controller will process the data sent by vehicle cabin and will
give the necessary signal to barricade. The parking process can then be a straightforward and
non-stop process. More importantly, it is a secure and privacy-aware parking system. The
proposed infrastructure prevents most security/privacy attacks. It is reprogrammable, so even
if the code is leaked, it can be changed. We address hardware architecture and
implementations.
Table of Contents
1. INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………………………….1-6

1.1. Problem definition

1.2. Problem Analysis

1.3. Introduction to RF Theory

1.3.1.History

1.3.2.Radio Frequency Bands

1.3.3.Advantages of Radio Communication

1.3.4.RF technology

1.3.5.Application of RF

2. INTRODUCTION TO 8051 AND PERIPHERAL INTERFACING……………….…7-46

2.1. 8051 standard

2.1.1.Pin Description

2.1.2.I/O ports

2.1.3.Memory Organization

2.1.4.Special Function Registers

2.2. Inter IC communication

2.2.1.Introduction

2.2.2.I2C Bus Specification and Concept

2.3. Peripheral Interfacing

2.3.1.LCD Interfacing

2.3.2.Keyboard

2.3.3.RF module

2.3.4.HT12E Encoder
 2.3.5.HT12D Decoder

2.3.6.DS1307 RTC

2.3.7.24C512 EEPROM

3. SOLUTION DESIGN……………………………………………………………….47-48

3.1. Block Diagram

3.1.1.Vehicle Cabin Section

3.1.2.Security Cabin Section

3.2. Functional Description

4. IMPLEMENTATION……………………………………………………………….49-63

4.1. Hardware Solution

4.1.1.Circuit Diagram

4.1.2.Schematic level working

4.2. Software solution

4.2.1.Flowcharts

4.2.2.Programs

4.2.3.Software used

5. CONCLUSION…..……………………………………………………………………..64

APPENDIX

REFERENCES
List of Tables

Table no Caption Page no.

1.1 RF Bands……………………………………………………………….. 2

1.2 Applications of RF bands………………………………………………. 5

2.1 Bank select bits ………………………………………………………… 20

2.2 Character LCD pin with 1 controller…………………………………… 29

2.3 Transmitter module pin details…………………………………………. 39

2.4 Transmitter module characteristics……………………………………... 40

2.5 Receiver module characteristics………………………………………... 41

2.6 Receiver module pin details……………………………………………. 41

List of figures

Fig no Caption Page no

2.1 8051 Microcontroller Overview………………………………………… 7

2.2 Pin configuration………………………………………………………… 8

2.3 I/O ports………………………………………………………………… 11

2.4 I/O pins…………………………………………………………………… 12

2.5 Output pins……………………………………………………………… 12

2.6 Input pins………………………………………………………………… 13

2.7 Input configuration……………………………………………………… 14

2.8 Output configuration…………………………………………………… 14

2.9 Registers Overview……………………………………………………… 17

2.10 SFR’s…………………………………………………………………… 19

2.11 Accumulator……………………………………………………………… 19

2.12 B register………………………………………………………………... 19

2.13 R registers………………………………………………………………… 20

2.14 PSW registers…………………………………………………………… 20

2.15 DPTR registers…………………………………………………………… 20

2.16 SP register………………………………………………………………... 21

2.17 I/O registers………………………………………………………………. 21

2.18 I2C bus…………………………………………………………………… 22

2.19 Bit transfer on I2C bus…………………………………………………… 24

2.20 I2C start and stop condition……………………………………………… 24

2.21 I2C data transfer………………………………………………………… 25

2.22 I2C acknowledgement…………………………………………………… 26

2.23 Fomat of I2C frame when writing data to slave………………………… 26

2.24 Format of I2C frame when reading data from slave…………………… 26

2.25 I2C bus read……………………………………………………………… 28

2.26 LCD pin diagram………………………………………………………… 28

2.27 DDRAM address for 1 line LCD………………………………………… 30

2.28 DDRAM address for 2 line LCD………………………………………… 30

2.29 DDRAM address for 4 line LCD………………………………………… 30

2.30 LCD Characters code map for 5x8 dots……..…………………………… 30

2.31 LCD characters code map for 5x10 dots …...…………………………… 31

2.32 Command and instruction set for LCD…………………………………. 33

2.33 LCD 4-bit connection…………………………………………………… 35

2.34 4x4 matrix keypad schematic…………………………………………… 36

2.35 Connection diagram for 8051 with keypad……………………………… 37

2.36 Transmitter module……………………………………………………… 39

2.37 Receiver module………………………………………………………….. 40

2.38 Encoder application circuit……………………………………………… 42

2.39 Decoder application circuit……………………………………………… 43

2.40 DS1307 interfacing with 8051…………………………………………… 44

3.1 Vehicle cabin section block diagram…………………………………… 46

3.2 Security cabin section block diagram…………………………………. 46

3.3 Vehicle cabin circuit diagram…………………………………………… 49

3.4 Security cabin circuit diagram…………………………………………… 49

3.5 Vehicle cabin routine…………………………………………………… 51

3.6 Security cabin routine…………………………………………………… 52

3.7 Screenshot of Keil uvision4……………………………………………… 67

3.8 Screenshot of Flash Magic……………………………………………… 68