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generators PT3 AD
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power factor load) is primarily dependent upon voltage ach generator must be set to drop voltage at the
E
control and excitation system control that is dependent same rate from no load to full load.
on the percentage of load between the generator sets. ach generator must be set to drop frequency at the
E
Although it is sometimes possible to integrate same rate from no load to full load.
systems from different manufacturers, generator set It is worth noting that frequency droop and voltage
governors and load sharing controls should be of the droop do not need to be the same percentage. Droop
same manufacturer and model to avoid conflicts in can be calculated as follows:
responsibility for proper system operation. When that
is not possible or practical, the detailed options of this Frequency (Hz) droop: (100)[(HzNL-HzFL) / HzFL]
paper can be consulted for alternatives. Several types
Voltage (V) droop: (100)[(VNL-VFL) / VFL]
of load sharing control are available:
NL = no load
roop governing and voltage regulation (a.k.a.
D
FL = full load
reactive droop compensation)
Figure 2 illustrates the impact of incorrect no load
Isochronous kW load sharing
voltage settings. Generator 1 always carries more load
Isochronous voltage kVAR load sharing
than Generator 2. Generator 2 experiences reverse
Cross current compensation for kVAR load sharing kVAR at no load.
GENERATOR 1
Droop load sharing controls
100
As illustrated in Figure 1, droop governing or voltage 95%
regulation allows the engine speed (measured in Hz)
or alternator voltage to decline by a predetermined
PERCENT VOLTS
GENERATOR 2
percentage of the output range as the load increases.
By contrast, if two machines start at the same
frequency and voltage at no load, and maintain those
values through all load levels (steady state), the system
is said to be operating isochronously.
100
0 100
95% PERCENT LOAD (kVAR)
DROOP Figure 2 - Generators droop at the same rate but start at dissimilar
ISOCHRONOUS
voltages. Generator 1 always carries more load than Generator 2. At no
load Generator 2 experiences reverse kVAR.
PERCENT HZ OR VOLTS
GENERATOR 2
0 100
PERCENT LOAD
Figure 1 - Droop vs. isochronous load sharing.
from the bus. different droop rates. Generator 1 always carries more load than
Generator 2.
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ALARM ALARM
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ENGINE
ENGINE
GOV GOV
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POWER
TO
03 Power Topic #9017
LOAD
Figure 4 - A functional block diagram of a simple isolated bus paralleling system showing interface of generator sets, paralleling functions and master
control system. Note that the only interface between the generator sets is the load sharing signals.
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At least one supplier offers a load sharing interface Figure 5 - System with two identical generator sets and one dissimilar,
module (gateway) for use with digital communication/ showing neutral not connected.
04 Power Topic #9017
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Conclusions and
recommendations
Generators operating in parallel must have a means
to share applied system loads without being either
overloaded or underloaded.
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