Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
1
Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou,
Guangdong 510086; 2State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center,
Sun Yatsen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2959
Abstract. The aim of this study was to investigate the safety trabecular meshwork. They showed that a specific wave-
and efficacy of selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) treatment length laser could selectively hit the pigmentcontaining
of patients with primary openangle glaucoma (POAG) who trabecular cells. Selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) uses
could not obtain target intraocular pressure (IOP) through the Qswitch doubling frequency 532nm neodymiumdoped
posttrabeculectomy medication. Sixteen patients with POAG yttrium aluminium garnet (Nd:YAG) laser with a pulse
(18eyes), who could not obtain target IOP following medi- time of 3 nsec and a diameter of 400 m to irradiate the
cation and surgery, were treated with 360 SLT. The IOP, trabecular meshwork. SLT selectively targets the pigmental
anterior chamber inflammation, and daytime and longterm trabecular cells, while the nonpigmental trabecular cells and
IOP fluctuations before and 2 h, 1 day, 7 days, 1 month, the surrounding tissues are not affected by the laser energy.
3months, 6months and 9months after SLT were documented. The high selectivity and extremely short laser pulse time
SLT treatment success was defined as >20% IOP reduction can reduce the damage to the surrounding nonpigmented
compared with the baseline IOP at 6 and 9 months after the trabecular tissues. In a previous study, no coagulation due
laser treatment date. Prior to SLT, the patients were adminis- to thermal damage was observed in the tissues following
tered different types (average, 2.80.8) of antiglaucoma drugs SLT; however, pigment granules were disintegrated within
and had an average IOP of 21.33.4mmHg. Following SLT, trabecular cells and there was destruction of pigmental
the average IOP decreased to 16.23.0mmHg and the success trabecular cells(3). By contrast, the surrounding cells and
rate was 77.7%. The preSLT daytime IOP fluctuation was tissues that did not contain the pigments showed no changes.
4.11.4mmHg, which decreased to 2.61.1mmHg following Therefore, SLT treatment is safe. In 2001, the Food and
the laser treatment (P<0.05). In conclusion, this study demon- Drug Administration approved the clinical use of SLT and
strated that SLT could reduce the IOP in posttrabeculectomy this provided a novel therapeutic approach for primary
patients with POAG, and reduce the daytime IOP fluctuations. openangle glaucoma (POAG)(4).
SLT has been widely used in clinical treatment since 2002.
Introduction Studies have shown that SLT can be used as one of the initial
treatments of patients with POAG or in combination therapy
In 1983, Anderson and Parrish(1) found that specific optical when the maximumtolerated medical therapy does not obtain
radiation could damage pigmental structure. Theoretically, satisfactory therapeutic effects(58). SLT can also be used as
this effect could be applied to target tissues. In 1995, Latina a therapeutic method to reduce the effective dose of antiglau-
and Park (2) applied this concept and were the first to coma drugs(9,10). However, there have not been any reports
conduct laserselective treatment of the pigmentcontaining on the use of SLT as a treatment of posttrabeculectomy
patients with POAG.
Trabeculectomy is still considered the mainstay for medi-
cally uncontrolled glaucoma(11). Studies have shown that,
even when antimetabolic drugs are applied during surgery,
Correspondence to: Professor Minbin Yu, State Key Laboratory
of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yatsen
the fiveyear success rate of trabeculectomy is 6080%(12)
University, 54 South Xianlie Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, and the 15year success rate is 5259%(13,14). The postop-
P.R. China erative filtering bleb scarring is the most important reason
Email: minbinyu@126.com for surgical failure(15). The application of antimetabolites
(such as mitomycin C) can reduce the scarring caused by
Key words: selective laser trabeculoplasty, target intraocular filtering blebs and improve the surgical success rate, but
pressure, primary openangle glaucoma, trabeculectomy certain patients remain who, due to a number of reasons, fail
the surgeries. Trabeculectomy failure normally needs further
laser or surgical intervention if the maximum medical therapy
is insufficient. The difficulty of repeat trabeculectomy in these
ZHANG et al: TREATMENT OF ADVANCED PRIMARY OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA 1091
patients is significant. It is widely acknowledged that prior Criteria for successful treatment. The treatment was consid-
incisional surgery decreases the success rate of subsequent ered to be successful if i)the IOP following the laser treatment
surgery for glaucoma(16). This is the most difficult issue in was reduced by >20% compared with the baseline IOP prior
the treatment of glaucoma. For patients with advanced glau- to the treatment, and ii)there were no serious complications.
coma whose target intraocular pressure (IOP) (18mmHg)
cannot be achieved with filtering surgery and the administra- Observation parameters and evaluation indicators. The best
tion of antiglaucoma medications, the refiltering surgery is a corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was determined with the
significant challenge for the patients and the physicians. SLT international standard vision chart. Slitlamp examination was
can reduce the IOP of patients with POAG, with no significant performed by observing the cornea, anterior chamber depth,
difference identified in the angle structure of these patients. lens and vitreous body. The Goldman IOP was checked each
Therefore, as a noninvasive treatment method, SLT provides time. The ultrasonic corneal pachymeter (DGH 1000; DGH
a novel treatment option for patients with POAG who would Technology, Inc., Exton, PA, USA) was used to measure
normally require further IOP control following glaucoma the central corneal thickness three times, and the average
surgery. was calculated. IOP determination was performed using the
Goldman applanation tonometer (AT 900 R, Haag-Streit
Materials and methods USA, Inc., Mason, OH, USA); the IOP was measured three
times and the average IOP was calculated. The Goldman
Patients. Patients who were diagnosed with POAG and applanation tonometer (AT 900 R,Haag-Streit USA, Inc.
who underwent one or more trabeculectomies between May Mason, OH, USA) detection timepoints were 8:00 a.m.,
and December2012 in the Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, 10:00a.m., 12:00a.m., 2:00p.m. and 5:00p.m. These detec-
Sun Yatsen University (Guangzhou, China) were selected tion time-points are referred to as IOP fluctuation during day
for this study. Following the surgery, 16patients (18eyes) time. The detection timepoint for each measurement of IOP
could not obtain the target IOP following the application of after the followup visit was 10:001h in the morning. Each
one or several antiglaucoma drugs. This included 14males measurement refers to the measurement of IOP for the follow
(15eyes) and two females (three eyes). The followup period up after 1, 3, 7days and after 1month. Daytime IOP curve
was 69months (TableI). This study was conducted in accor- tracing was performed by checking the daytime IOP curves
dance with the Declaration of Helsinki and with approval from prior to the treatment and those three, six and nine months
the Ethics Committee of Sun Yatsen University. Written after the treatment. The daytime IOP fluctuation was equal
informed consent was obtained from all participants. to the highest daytime IOP measured minus the minimum
daytime IOP measured. The main postoperative complica-
Inclusion criteria. Patients had to meet the diagnostic tions were observed, the eyeground was examined by direct
criteria of POAG established by the International Society of ophthalmoscopy and the C/D ratio was recorded.
Geographical and Epidemiological Ophthalmology(17). As
such, the patient had to i)have lost the majority of his/her SLT treatment. The 360 SLT treatment was performed by the
vision with only a 510 central or temporal vision island same physician for all patients in this study. The Ellex SOLO
and have an eyeground exhibiting the typical depression of SLT Nd:YAG laser treatment apparatus (Ellex Medical Pty
glaucomatous optic papilla and a cup/disc (C/D) area ratio of Ltd., Adelaide, Australia) was used. The doubling frequency
0.8, with a mean deviation of <12 dB; ii)have undergone Qswitch Nd:YAG laser had a single pulse of visible light,
one or more trabecular surgeries, and been prescribed one or a wavelength of 532nm, a pulse width of 3nsec, a facula
more antiglaucoma drugs without obtaining the target IOP; spot diameter of 400m and an energy range of 0.32.6mJ.
iii) have a previous history without other ocular surgery; The initial energy of the laser was set to 0.8mJ, with 0.1mJ
iv)have a previous history without diabetes and hyperten- as the amplitude value when increasing or decreasing the
sion; v)not plan to become pregnant during the treatment and laser energy. When the bubbles formed, the laser energy
observation period; vi)be able to be followedup on schedule; was reduced by 0.1 mJ for the treatment. The single and
and vii)continue their medication for at least three months nonrepeated laser spot treatment was performed towards the
before SLT. trabecular meshwork along the nasal or temporal side. The
treatments in each quadrant were performed ~25times, with
Exclusion criteria. The exclusion criteria were as follows: a 360 chamber angle.
i)Other types of openangle glaucoma; ii)achievement of the
target IOP following the trabeculectomy; iii)the patient had Statistical analysis. The SPSS18.0 statistical package (SPSS,
previously undergone argon laser trabeculoplasty or other eye Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) was used to analyze the data for signifi-
surgeries; iv)the other eye of the patient was blind; v)systemic cance. The continuous variables with normal distribution were
or ocular disease requiring corticosteroid therapy; and vi)the assessed using the bilateral Student's ttest or tmatching test,
patient was <18years old. while the variables that did not meet the normal distribution
were analyzed using the MannWhitney U test.
Treatment termination indicator. If the intraexperimental IOP
reached 30mmHg for >4h, the IOPs of two posttreatment Results
consecutive rechecks were higher than those prior to the treat-
ment or serious complications occurred, the experiment was The preoperative age, IOP, BCVA, refraction, corneal
terminated. thickness and C/D ratio are shown in TableI. The average
1092 EXPERIMENTAL AND THERAPEUTIC MEDICINE 11: 1090-1094, 2016
Table I. Basic information for the patients post-trabeculectomy Table II. Postselective laser trabeculoplasty adverse reactions.
but pre-selective laser trabeculoplasty.
Adverse reaction n (%)
Parameter Value
Transient ocular hypertension 0 (0.0)
Age, years 37.511.2 (1864) Pink eye 10 (55.6)
Preoperative IOP, mmHg 21.33.4 (1732) Fuzzy vision 6 (33.3)
Corneal thickness, m 527.127.1 (485568) Mild eye pain 4 (22.2)
Refraction, D 2.82.1 (07.0)
Preoperative medication types, n 2.80.8 (24)
BCVA 0.30.3 (0.41.0)
Cup/disc ratio 0.860.10 (0.80.9)
Initial energy (mJ) 0.60.1 (0.40.7)
Treatment energy (mJ) 60.911.6 (5083)
Figure 1. Changes in IOP prior and subsequent to SLT. IOP, intraocular pres-
number of trabecular surgeries received by all the patients sure; SLT, selective laser trabeculoplasty.
was 1.70.5 (range, 13). The postglaucoma surgery time
was 2.41.1 years and the average followup time was
6.3months.
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effects of SLT on IOP fluctuations. nition and classification of glaucoma in prevalence surveys. Br J
Ophthalmol 86: 238242, 2002.
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