Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Abstract
In china, atmospheric storage tanks are not included in the management of special equipment,
and therefore they are not required to be inspected compulsorily. There is larger difference
between China and developed countries on atmospheric storage tank inspection technique than
the other techniques on the inspection of pressure vessels. It is widely believed that the strength
worsening and perforation of the tank is mainly caused by the serious corrosion at the bottom
surface of tank floor. The present development of nondestructive testing on atmospheric storage
tank was analyzed systematically in this paper, in which the principle, present status, the usage of
inspection equipments and the application of the magnetic flux leakage testing and acoustic
emission testing techniques on atmospheric storage tanks were mainly introduced. The problems
existing in the inspection equipments usage were discussed. A practice for inspecting and
evaluating atmosphere storage tanks using these testing methods was proposed.
Keywords: Atmospheric storage tank, Magnetic flux leakage testing, Acoustic emission testing,
Leakage
1. Introduction
Atmospheric storage tanks, as a simply-structure, low-cost, small-investment, convenient
management means of storage, are the important tools to store crude oil, oil product, petroleum
chemicals and petrochemical raw material etc that have been widely used in these fields of
industry, national defense, petroleum, petrochemical etc. They always work under the change of
environment and liquid level all the years, and most of their storage medium is combustible,
explosive, corrosive and volatile. Obviously the material aging and corrosion etc are inevitably
come into being, especially the corrosion perforation and crack propagation caused by chemical
and electrochemical corrosion of environment make tanks safety drop greatly. Furthermore the
medium leakage accidents easily happen and result in serious economy loss and environment
pollution.
Tank safety is very important. For example in April 1995 perforation of one tank floor
caused a great kerosene leakage accident in City Xiamen, China[1]; In Sept. 1999 perforation of
one tank floor caused 2 tons chloro-sulfate leakage accident and pollute environment seriously in
City Zibo, China[2]; In Jul. 1997 leakage and explosion of one tank floor perforation result in 8
persons die and more than 60000 m2 district burn in City Beijing, China and so on[3]. Corrosion
is one of main reasons to make the potential safety troubles of tanks, and corrosion in the tank
floor is most common and serious. Literature [1] reported: the crude storage tanks shutdown
reach to more than 80 percent of the whole because of leakage and perforation caused by
corrosion which most occurs at the bottom surface of tank floors[4].
At present the design for the atmospheric storage tanks develops towards the tendency of
large storage capability and centralized emplacement all over the world with the advantages of
low-cost, small-investment and convenient management. However the corresponding danger
increase, so how to use high-efficient inspection methods to ensure the atmospheric storage tanks
safety to a greatest extent is an important and urgent problem which the tank owners care about
very much.
In china, atmospheric storage tanks are not included in the management of special equipment,
and therefore they are not required to be inspected compulsorily. There is larger difference
between China and developed countries on atmospheric storage tank inspection technique than
the other techniques on the inspection of pressure vessels. The inspection for atmospheric storage
tanks is poorly supported by the corresponding standards and codes, so that the difficulty of
atmospheric storage tanks inspection is very bigger than other pressure vessels and boilers.
level A level D
level C
and B and E
Figure 6. Flowchart of comprehensive inspection and evaluation technique for atmospheric storage tanks
5.Conclusions
(1) As a quick online inspection method, AE technique can obtain the corrosion and leakage
status and safety level of atmospheric storage tank floors, ultimately provide the priority
sequence of maintain to tank owners. In summary, the primary effect of AE technique is
to solve the problem that tank floors have corrosion and leakage or not. Furthermore,
usually may greatly reduce the serious corrosion and leakage accidents.
(2) MFL technique can obtain the accurate location and thickness loss of corrosion defects
in storage tank floors, even in the bottom surface. It may eliminate the influence of
man-made factors, decrease heavy labor intensity and hold many advantages of high
efficiency, fast speed, strong applicability and permeability without the need for costly
scaffolding and wiping anticorrosive coating off, furthermore guide the repair of storage
floors perfectly.
(3) The combinations of AE, MFL and ultrasonic crawler techniques will certainly be
inevitable trend of development for atmospheric storage tank testing in future.
Application of theses techniques can provide tank owners scientific accurate evaluation
and optimal maintain scheme to ensure atmospheric storage tank safety. Thus these
techniques have good application prospect.
(4) AE, MFL and ultrasonic crawler techniques used in atmospheric storage tanks
inspection just starts in China, many aspects still lags behind foreign countries greatly
such as theory, instrument performance, operability and evaluation method etc. Our
scientific and technical personnel still continue to further research and accumulate
experiences to narrow the gap with foreign countries as soon as possible.
Acknowledgements
This project is supported by the Science and Technology key program Key Technical
Research on Safety Monitoring of Long Distance Natural Gas Pipeline in Zhejiang Province
(No.2006C13002).
Moreover, the authors wish to express their thanks to Jinyang Zheng for his suggestions,
comments, and contributions.
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