Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Harsha M.S
Student, Department of Civil Engineering,
Sahyadri College of Engineering and Management, Mangaluru, India.
Manohar K
Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering,
Sahyadri College of Engineering and Management, Mangaluru, India.
Pradeepa B.B
Student, Department of Civil Engineering,
Sahyadri College of Engineering and Management, Mangaluru, India.
ABSTRACT
Earthquakes are the natures greatest hazard which cannot be exactly predicted by human
beings. Earthquake is a sudden movement of earths surface with the release of massive energy
in the form of seismic waves. There are so many methods to control the vibration of the
buildings like passive, active and hybrid control systems.[1] Base isolation is a passive control
system. In the present work, a (G+3) structure considering with and without infills subjected
to seismic force along with static gravity loads are analyzed using Response Spectrum Method
in ETABS-2015 package. From the study, the response of the structure obtained is time period,
base shear, story displacement and inter-story drifts and also the comparison is drawn for the
same parameters considering structure as bare and infill frames. The variation in percentage
of steel is also presented. It is found that the time period and story displacement increases
while base shear and story drifts gets reduces with the provision of effective base isolators.
Key words: Base isolation, Base shear, Story- drift, Acceleration, Infill.
Cite this Article: Santhosh H.P, Harsha M.S, Manohar K and Pradeepa B.B, Seismic Isolation
of RC Framed Structure with and without Infills. International Journal of Civil Engineering
and Technology, 8(2), 2017, pp. 316327.
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=8&IType=2
1. INTRODUCTION
Earthquake is a natural calamity that has taken the lives of millions of people through the ages in the
recorded and unrecorded human history. A disturbance that causes shaking on the surface of the earth
due to underground movement along the fault plane or through volcanic activity is called an
earthquake. In the seismic design of low to medium rise buildings, the fundamental frequency of
vibration is much lower than the earthquake force that means building acts as an amplifier and the
acceleration experienced at each floor level increases to the top. Because of this, inter-story drift and
stresses in the members increases and damage to the column occurs between the floors. These
accelerations can cause severe damage to the occupants and the contents of the floors without causing
much damage to the structure. Only way to achieve flexibility in low to medium rise buildings is by
the use of base-isolation method. In recent years, this new technology has emerged as an alternative
solution to the conventional seismic strengthening. This technology has attained professional and
academic interest throughout the world and many hundreds of buildings were built in U.S.A, New
Zealand, China and Japan using seismic isolation technology. In India, base-isolation technique is
rarely used in some public and residential buildings like Bhuj hospital building and an experimental
building at IIT, Guwahati.[2]
Figure 1 Response of the structure with fixed base and base isolation.
compressive forces. However, by providing reinforcement between the two courses, tensile stresses
can be eliminated.[3]
Figure 2 Lateral load transfer mechanism of frame system having with and without infill.
2.1.1. Analysis
1) Effective horizontal stiffness of the isolator,
Keff= (W/g) (2/ TD) 2
= (1783/9.81) (2 / 2.5) 2
= 1148 kN/m = 1.148 kN/m.
2) Design displacement,
DD= (g/42) (SDx TD/BD) (Equation 16.79 of IBC 2000).
= (9.81/4 2) x (0.4 x 2.5) /1.2
= 0.207 m 0.3 m.
3) Short term yield force,
QD = WD/4DD
= /2 x Keffxeffx DD
= (/2 x 1148 x 10 % x 0.207)
= 37.33 kN.
4) Stiffness of the lead core,
= QD / DD
= 37.33 / 0.207 = 180.34 kN/m.
5) Post yield horizontal stiffness ,
Kd= Keff- QD / DD
= (1148 180.34)
Kd = 967.66 kN/m.
6) Pre yield stiffness ,
Ku = 10 Kd
= (10 X 967.66)
Ku= 9676 kN/m.
2.1.2. Design
1) Design of lead core.
Assuming the yield strength of the lead core to be fpy = 8.82 x 103kN/m2.
The required lead area,
Ap = QD / fpy
Ap = (37.33 / 8.82 x 103) = 4.232 x10 -3 m2.
Therefore, use diameter dP = 7 cm.
2) Design the area and dimensions of rubber layer.
a) Total height of rubber layer ,
t= DD / max
= (0.207 / 50 %)
t = 0.414 m.
And the Width of diagonal strut is calculated as per the Main- stones equation suggested in
various literatures. The values of equivalent strut width for different bay sizes were shown in the table
2 below.
Figure 4 3-D View of Bare frame (Fixed base). Fig.3.5 3-D View of infill frame (Fixed base).
3. RESULTS
Table 3 Comparative study of Time period for fixed and isolated base for Mode 1.
Time Period (Sec.)
Framing Type Fixed base Base isolated Percentage
Difference
Bare Frame 0.826 2.083 60.35 %
Infill Frame 0.386 1.982 80.52 %
2
Bare Frame
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1
Time Period (Sec.)
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
Fixed base Base isolated
Bare Frame 0.539 1.809
Infill Frame 0.237 1.733
Graph 1 Comparison of Time Period of fixed and base isolated models for Mode 1.
Table 4 Comparative study of Base shear for fixed base and base isolated structures having bare and infill
frames.
4500
4000 Bare
3500
Base Shear (kN)
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
Fixed base Base isolated
Bare Frame 3925 1155
With Infill 4236 1260
Graph 2 Comparative study of Base shear (kN) for fixed base and isolated base.
5
Fixed Base
4
No.of storeys 3
0
0 10 20 30 40 50
Displacement (mm)
0
0 10 20 30 40 50
Displacement (mm)
0
0 2 4 6 8 10
Storey Drift (mm)
5
Fixed Base
Base isolation
4
No.of storeys 3
0
0 2 4 6 8 10
Storey Drift (mm)
4. CONCLUSIONS
From the results it is clear that with base isolation the natural period is shifted towards the target time
period of T = 2.5 sec, distancing from the predominant period of earthquake. This increases the
response of the structure by preventing the structure resonating with frequencies of earthquake. From
the results it is clear that the time period increases by 60.35% for the isolated structure.
Isolators induce a large flexibility to the structure at the isolator level, thus it is evident that a large
reduction in base shear in case of bare and infill frame structures as compared with fixed base structure.
The reduction in base shear is 70.57% in case of isolated structures.
The increase in the flexibility of the bare and infill frame structures with isolation has increased the
total displacement of the structure. However this displacement is concentrated only at the isolator level
and hence the displacement between the base and top story of the structure is well within the limits as
per IS 1893 (Part -): 2002, clause 7.11.1. The increase in the displacement for the isolated structure for
the bare frame is 53.57%.
With the base isolation system, inter story drifts are reduced or almost negligible. This reduced story
drifts enables both bare and infill frame structures to behave ideally stiff resulting in less damage to the
structural and non structural components. The story drifts follows a non-liner pattern which can be
observed in the graphs, however this non-linearity decreases in case of structures with infill compared
to structures with bare frame. This is because infills increases the rigidity of the structure and hence
one can observe the comparative reduction in the drift. The story-drifts obtained for various models are
well within the limit as per IS 1893 (Part -): 2002, clause 7.11.1. The reduction in story-drift for the
isolated structure is 65.47%.
Introduction of isolation system resulted in the reduction of base shear as a result one can observe a
large reduction in the percentage of steel in case of isolated structures compared with fixed base
structures. The reduction in percentage of steel for the isolated structure is 74.88%.
REFERENCES
[1] Tanmay Ramani (2015), Smart Base Isolators for Seismic Control of Structures, Vellore Institute
of Technology, Chennai.
[2] Ganga Warrier A and Dr. Sathish Kumar K.(2015), Response Control of Structures Using Base
Isolation.
[3] Mr. V. P. Jamnekar1 and Dr. P. V. Durge (2013), Seismic Evaluation of Brick
[4] Masonry Infill, (IJETET) Vol. 02, No. 01, 2013 ISSN No. 2248-9592.
[5] IS 456:2000, Plain and Reinforced Concrete Code of Practice, BIS, New Delhi, India.
[6] IS: 1893 (part 1): 2002, Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures, BIS, New Delhi,
India.
[7] UBC-97, Uniform Building Code, Dynamic methods of design complex.
[8] ASCE 7: Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and other structures.
[9] Prerna Nautiyal, Saurabh Singh and Geeta Batham, A Comparative Study of the Effect of Infill
Walls on Seismic Performance of Reinforced Concrete Buildings. International Journal of Civil
Engineering and Technology, 4(4), 2013, pp.208218.
[10] Dr. D. V. Prasada Rao and G. Sulochana, Modelling of an Infill Wall for the Analysis of a Building
Frame Subjected to Lateral Force, International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 7
(1), 2016, pp. 180-187.