Adnan Akram unit: 17

THOMAS HAYCOCKS
Assignment: 4

TASK: 1

P: 1
Statement on CAD
Benefit of using CAD give you the accurate scale:
The advantages of CAD include: the ability to producing very
accurate designs; drawings can be created in 2D or 3D and
rotated; other computer programmes can be linked to the
design software. With manual drafting, you must determine the
scale of a view before you start drawing. This scale compares
the size of the actual object to the size of the model drawn on
paper. With CAD, you first decide what units of measurement
you will use, and then draw your model at 1:1 scale, should one
of the main benefits of CAD.
Lay Out the Drawing Conveniently:
With CAD, you first draw your design, or model, in a working
environment called model space. You can then create a layout
for that model in an environment called paper space. A layout
represents a drawing sheet. It typically contains a border, title
block, dimensions, general notes, and one or more views of the
model displayed in layout viewports. Layout viewports are
areas, similar to picture frames or windows, through which you
can see your model. You scale the views in viewports by
zooming in or out.
CAD Is Flexible to Organize information:
With CAD, layers are equivalent to transparent overlays. As
with overlays, you can display, edit, and print layers separately
or in combination.
You can name layers to help track content, and lock layers so
they can't be altered. Assigning settings such as colour, line
type, or line weight to layers helps you comply with industry
standards. You can also use layers to organize drawing objects
for plotting. Assigning a plot style to a layer makes all the
objects drawn on that layer plot in a similar manner.
Adnan Akram unit: 17
THOMAS HAYCOCKS
Assignment: 4
Draw Efficiently:
In CAD, you can choose from a variety of drawing tools that
create lines, circles, spline curves, and more. You can easily
move, copy, offset, rotate, and mirror objects. You can also
copy objects between open drawings.
Draw Accurately:
With CAD, you can use several methods to obtain exact
dimensions. The simplest method is to locate points by
snapping to an interval on a rectangular grid. Another method
is to specify exact coordinates. Coordinates specify a drawing
location by indicating a point along an X and Y axis or a
distance and angle from another point.
With object snaps, you can snap to locations on existing
objects, such as an endpoint of an arc, the midpoint of a line, or
the centre point of a circle. With polar tracking, you can snap to
previously set angles and specify distances along those angles.
View Your Drawing:
With CAD, the size and resolution of your drawing can be
changed as needed. To do detailed work, you can increase
display size by zooming in. You can zoom out to display more of
the drawing. To move to another section of a drawing, you pan
the drawing without changing magnification. You can zoom and
pan to create the best working conditions. This can be
invaluable when working on large and detailed drawings, such
as this health spa plan.
REFRENCE:
https://knowledge.autodesk.com/support/autocad/troubleshooting/caas/sfdcarticl
es/sfdcarticles/System-requirements-for-AutoCAD-2017.html

TASK: 2
P: 2
The software and hardware required to
produce CAD drawings:
Adnan Akram unit: 17
THOMAS HAYCOCKS
Assignment: 4
Description of hardware and software in
computer;
There are two parts of a computer system, hardware and
software, and a CAD system is no exception. Computer
hardware is the physical components of the computer such as
system unit, monitor and plotter. Computer software is the
program that determines the application of a system.
There are three main categories of computers with respect to
hardware:
Mainframe
Minicomputer
Microcomputers, for example personal computers (PCs)
Mainframe computers have a lot of data processing power and
their size is quite big. A single mainframe computer performs
all the data processing and is accessed via terminals connected
to it. Minicomputers are smaller versions of mainframe
computers. Microcomputers (PCs) are the desktop or laptop
computers of today and are used for individual computing
needs.
There are two main categories of computer software:
System software
Application program
The system software manages the internal operations of the
computer. An important part of the system software is called
the operating system (OS). The operating system acts as a
platform to run application programs such as CAD. It is also
used to manage the electronic files in the computer.
CAD hardware:
The following are the main hardware components of CAD:
System unit
Central processing unit
Memory
Hard disk, floppy disk, CD-ROM
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THOMAS HAYCOCKS
Assignment: 4
External storage devices
Monitor
Printers and plotters
Keyboard
Digitizer, puck and mouse
CAD software:
A CAD program contains hundreds of functions that enable you
to accomplish specific drawing tasks. A task may involve
drawing an object, editing an existing drawing, displaying a
view of the drawing, printing or saving it, or controlling any
other operation of the computer. The functions contain a

Number of commands that enable you to specify exactly what

you want to do and how you want to do it.
The functions are organized into modules that provide easy
access to all the commands. The CAD program is divided into
modules such as draw, edit, data output, function control, data
storage and management. A program may also have a number
of specialized functions such as layers, database and 3D. Let's
have a look at the CAD modules:

Draw
Edit
Data output
System control
Data storage and management
Special features
Draw:
The draw module provides access to all the drawing functions
of CAD. Whenever you need to draw something this group of
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THOMAS HAYCOCKS
Assignment: 4
functions is used. The draw module enables you to draw lines,
arcs, circles, ellipses, text, dimensions, symbols, borders and
many other drawing components.

Edit:
The edit module lets you change existing drawing elements and
manipulate them in a number of ways. You can move, copy or
erase drawing components. You can enlarge or reduce the sizes
of diagrams or change the colour and line type of drawing
components. You can also change the size and style of text and
dimensions, as well as edit a dimension to show different units
of measurement. A good CAD program is designed to change
the appearance of all drawing elements created with CAD.

Data Output:
The data output module enables you to display drawings on the
screen and then print them on paper. There are two separate
sets of functions that help accomplish this:
View-display functions
Print/plot functions
The view-display functions allow you to display different views
of a drawing on the screen. These functions are used quite
often, because every time you need to draw something or edit
something, you need to focus on that portion of the drawing.
With the help of view-display functions, you can zoom in on a
specific portion of the drawing.

Data Storage and Management:

The data storage and management module allows you to store
and manage drawing data. Through the use of the functions in
this module, you can store drawings as files on the hard disk.
You can manage the files in directories and sub-directories, and
move, copy or delete them as needed.
Adnan Akram unit: 17
THOMAS HAYCOCKS
Assignment: 4
System Control:
The system control module (also known as system defaults)
allows you to control how CAD works. CAD programs are
designed for a broad range of professionals, including
architects, designers, engineers and surveyors. With the help of
system control functions, you can set the working environment
of CAD to suit your needs.

REFERENCE:
https://knowledge.autodesk.com/support/autocad/troubleshooting/caas/sfdcarticl
es/sfdcarticles/System-requirements-for-AutoCAD-2017.html

Task: 3 (a)
M: 1
How the range of commands used to produce
CAD drawings can
Impact drawing
production:

Relation between CAD and other software

Explain in the bottom table
You have to change the
format of the file when you
have to open the CAD file
CAD VS RHINO using the Rhino and to open
his file some of the products
will tangles before it will be
open on the other side it has
some similarities to CAD and
capable of opening any files
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Assignment: 4
Paint can also open the files
which are done from CAD to
CAD VS PAINT be stored in the default CAD
DWG file and no other
software save the file with
this name DWG
Revit is very similar to CAD
you can open the documents
from CAD.
CAD VS REVIT More over some of the
industries uses them
separately maybe for different
purposes. These both
software some similar tools
which benefits them
CAD is use to create two- or
three-dimensional designs,
CAD VS CAM while CAM, computer-aided
manufacturing, is the use of
computer software and
machinery to manufacture
three-dimensional objects.
In mathematical ways the FEA
is related to CAD for certain
things e.g.
CAD VS FEA Mechanical stress or heat
transfer etc. It shows that
CAD will judge how this
product will behave/act while
it will be using or when it will
be use.
You can set up a link to an
entire Excel spread sheet, or
CAD vs. Microsoft excel to a range of rows and
columns, to the extracted
data it can be opened by cad
as well so you can analyse the
data.
Adnan Akram
THOMAS HAYCOCKS
CAD vs Microsoft word
CAD vs SKETCHES
unit: 17
Assignment: 4
If the cad are in PDF you can
clearly see them on word now
lets say if you want to edit
your document on word and
you cannot change the PDF
document only annotate it.
The big difference that, Hand-
drawn and -drafted images
are seen as more accessible
and appealing, according to
my old profs. Digital imagery
is seen as more sterile and
final (ironically -- it's so much
easier to modify a CAD file!).

TASK: 3 (b)
Relation between CAD AND Other Hardware

If you are using a graphics

card which is suitable for
CAD VS GRAPHICS using CAD this will work
CARD perfectly with the RAM
processer and but If you dont
you wont whatever you will
be doing it will not finish
perfectly
Memory or RAM which is
something really important
CAD VS MEMORY these things help your PC to
work with various functions at
the same time. The user have
to do a lot of work on CAD
and the RAM helps you do
hose various task/multi task
Processer is very important
and when you have such
CAD VS PROCESSER software like CAD having a
good processer can do jobs
Adnan Akram unit: 17
THOMAS HAYCOCKS
Assignment: 4
like rendering, if you dont
have a good processer it will
take a lot of time adding such
materials to the product.
For manufacturing the 3D
models which deigned by
CAD VS 3D PRINTER using the CAD and the good
thing is whenever it prints
automatically it clear the
minor errors so he model can
stay very accurate
You need a very
reliable/suitable monitor and
Cad vs. monitor this can make it very to
whatever the person is doing
e.g. drawings and if you do
not have a suitable monitor
you cannot work on your
drawings or maybe some
other task
For software like CAD it needs
a lot of storage and to store
CAD VS HARD DRIVE your documents,, drawings
etc. you need a lot of storage
and if you dont have it you
have chances of missing .
Its give up more efficient
CAD vs JOYSTICK handy for the 3d modelling
and rotation. The joystick,
which got its name from the
control stick used by a pilot to
control the ailerons and
elevators of an airplane, is a
hand-held lever that pivots on
one end and transmits its
coordinates to a computer
It allows the user to point to
displayed objects or draw on
CAD vs LIGHT PEN the screen in a similar way to
a touchscreen but with
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THOMAS HAYCOCKS
Assignment: 4
greater positional accuracy.by
using it the CAD drawing can
be made more correctly and
you can safe time on it.

TASK: 4
M: 2
Range of command used to produce
CAD drawing

Explanation of specified tool commands:

1. Drawings commands:
Line objects have two ends (the
first point and the last point). You can continue picking
points and AutoCAD will draw a straight line between each
picked point and the previous point. Each line segment
drawn is a separate object and can be moved or erased as
required.

2. Modification commands:
AutoCAD drawings are rarely
completed simply by drawing lines, circles etc. Most likely
you will need to modify these basic drawing objects in
some way in order to create the image you need. AutoCAD
provides a whole range of modify tools such as Move,
Copy, Rotate and Mirror. As you can see, the command
names are easily understandable. However, the way these
commands work is not always obvious. This tutorial is
designed to show you how all of the Modify commands
work. If you just need information quickly,
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Assignment: 4

3. Layers:
LAYER (Command) If you enter -LAYER at the
Command prompt, options are displayed. Use layers to
control the visibility of objects and to assign properties
such as colour and line type

4. Hatching :
It is being used to fill up the empty spaces
with patters in is and you can use range of pattern in it
e.g. tiles pattern. When you want to see the product in half
you can use the hatching tool cross section the drawing
which will save time and effort.

5. OSNAP :
The Object Snaps (Osnaps for short) are
drawing aids which are used in conjunction with other
commands to help you draw accurately. Osnaps allow you
to snap onto a specific object location when you are
picking a point. For example, using Osnaps you can
accurately pick the end point of a line or the centre of a
circle.

6. Line types:
The Select Line type File dialog box (a
standard file selection dialog box) is displayed. Enter or
select the file in which the line type you want to load is
stored. Sets the current line type for objects that will be
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Assignment: 4
drawn subsequently. You can control the line type of
objects individually or by layer.

7. Block:
The blocks in auto cad are very help full very uses
full and they are very time consuming and we can save
them and later on use them for data extraction. As you
can see in my diagram it was very was very easy for me to
make copies of the LED and later on apply them on this
circuit.

8. Templates and view ports:

In auto cad

templates and view ports make it very

useful. If you are designing a project
or just general design. In your design you
can place them in the middle and you can move them
around the page layout. More over this can help you to
organize your work in details.

9. Data extraction:
As you move through the wizard, each
page is already filled in with the settings in the template
file. You can change these settings. Click the [...] button to
select the file in a standard file selection dialog box. Allows
you to modify an existing data extraction (DXE) file.
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Assignment: 4

TASK: 5
M: 3

How 3D CAD modelling used in the

designing process

In auto cad you can select your work you can select all
the components and you can put them on another work
peace further more you can see if they join together or not
and then you can make some changes and also it is time
saving but if you do the same thing on the peace of paper
it will take long time. The mass and the material is a huge
problem when it come to your product you do not know
how much is it going to cost more or less and then on cad
you can change the material easily but for mass you need
to make sure your drawing fit the required mass. Before
making the product on auto cad the product will be tested
for its stress and strain the industry factory. If you try to do
the same thing on paper it will be a disaster first you will
design on the paper then you will send it off and from their
it will judged for the stress and strain and by doing this
can take a lot of hours . But However on CAD you can
produce a simulation of a force acting on your product to
see if it will fail or not and make quick adjustments within
seconds.

Advantage of 3D modelling:
Being able to quickly
determine the existing conditions of the mine was
essential during the Chilean mine rescue, and 3D
modelling was able to provide this critical speed element
to the engineers involved in the mission, according to
Design World Online. 3D modelling is able to virtually
construct sites or structures faster than 2D drawings or
models can.
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Assignment: 4
Because of the accuracy and flexibility of 3D models,
architects and engineers are able to spend less time on
the design stage of their projects and more time on the
actual completion of each task. Professionals are able to
identify any issues ahead of time by using 3D modelling,
saving them from having to rework schedules and
increase budgets

Disadvantages of 3D Modelling
It requires a lot of space and you need
a lot of space for these huge files, more over for this you need
to have an expensive pc for this. You also need skills for 3D
modelling and this can take a long time to learn it.

TASK: 6
D: 1
6(a)
Spider diagram to exploring the impact
of AutoCAD
In the manufacturing
company.
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6 (b)

CAD Manufacturing Benefits:

3D CAD files can quickly be imported to drive Computer

Aided Manufacturing (CAM) production software. In turn, CAM
drives machine tools and other capital equipment through
computer-numerical-control (CNC). CNC manufacturing
processes included multi-axis milling, turning, sheet metal work
(such as brake presses and punches) and high speed
machining.
CAD/CAM software enables you to check tool paths before
any material is cut. The ability to run a simulation and so verify
the complete machining process in a virtual environment is
critical for keeping waste and scrap to a minimum. This may be
crucial on some jobs, such as those using expensive alloys,
large material-intensive components, or for those with complex
geometry. Other verification advantages that result from less
scrap include less energy consumption and reduced tool wear.
CAD/CAM simulations also enable you to identify how long the
production run time will take. Clearly this is useful for
scheduling, as well as the planning of throughput, material
supply and delivery.
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Assignment: 4
As the CAD model is the source of the manufacturing data,
the design intent is preserved and the dimensional accuracy is
retained. In contrast, converting data into 2D drawings and
then back into machining code, inherently introduces the risk of
making mistakes.

Tooling:

Tooling and die suppliers can accurately and relatively quickly

prepare with CAD data for moulded, casted or pressed parts.
Tooling, die, mould and component suppliers can be
simultaneously sent CAD data from anywhere in the world, both
for quotes and for the production of parts.
3D CAD equips the manufacturing engineer with the means to
relatively quickly design tooling, jigs, fixtures, custom gauges
and components for work holding.

Outsourcing:

For some often lucrative contracts, the ability to handle 3D

CAD data is a prerequisite. Prime manufacturers and their tier 1
suppliers sometimes mandate this for smaller manufacturers
further down the supply chain.
3D CAD enables the automatic generation of bills of
materials, giving the option of quotations for outsourcing.
If you are that way inclined, production can be outsourced to
lower cost parts of the world, with the potential to overcome
language barriers, as the data is digital.
3D CAD software interfaces with prototyping and
manufacturing processes by exporting data files in standard
formats. These include STL, IGES and STEP.
Others in the supply chain (or indeed other development
process stakeholders) can view, manipulate and add notes to
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Assignment: 4
3D CAD models without having to purchase the software.
Instead low cost or free CAD viewers make it possible to
communicate and offer feedback on CAD models.

Inspection and Additive Manufacture:

Inspection can be enhanced by checking physical parts
against CAD models.
Coordinate Measuring Machines (CMM) can check accuracy,
based on the CAD data generated at the design development
stage.
3D printing (additive manufacturing) can be produced directly
from CAD data. Different 3D printing technologies can be used
to produce final production parts in a wide variety of materials
(polymers, metals and even ceramics), depending on your
requirements.
Reference of information:
http://www.advice-manufacturing.com/CAD-Justification.html
TASK: 7
D: 2
7(a)

Orthographic designing:
Orthographic drawings are useful
especially when a design has been developed to a stage
whereby it is almost ready to manufacture. 2D and 3D both of
them will have an impact on your drawings because they are
used to display the information that you need to know about
your project or design. For example in the 3D the main object
will be on your left which will on one side on your drawing but
how ever on the 2D drawing there will be drawn in L shape view
which is only dependent on the angle first one or the third.
However you are not presenting in the orthographic to your
customers or the manufactures and some of the manufactures
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Assignment: 4
will not be able to visualise whats going on and it will be very
hard to understand.

Section drawing:
In buildings structure / architects highly use this and it can
show the internal design of the project building will you are
designing and because of that this will show designers potential
ideas for rooms and space inside the structure however its
difficult to determine certain factors. The 3D methods definitely
beat the 2D methods. The 2D drawing can give me a basic shell
of the project building that youre making and it is giving you
the basic shell it will be very difficult to understand.

Visuals:
It is very important to understand visuals in the 3D form due to
impact on carrying more information than the 2D. Like I said
before the 2D drawings will not give you a good visual of you
design project which outlines the area but it will not inform the
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Assignment: 4
person who is looking at it or it doesnt inform the observer of
all surfaces of the shape.
Volume calculations:
The volume calculation can be only held out with in 3
dimensional of shape and the 2 D shape will have only 0 every
time and to form a 3 dimensional you have to start from 2 due
to the structure that you have to extrude in 3 dimensional
shape. And both of the 2D and 3D will have an impact but 3D
will have an huge impact in this area because of the calculation
of the volume and it wont begin without 3 dimensional shapes
which there is no space between the two objects
Animation:
For 2 D shape having an animation can be very help full but
obviously it will not be good it wont give you good visuals by
not having good animation a lot of questions will be asked it will
be confusing to understand.

Dimensions:
Dimensions are very important and they always have to be
accurate and they have to space out perfectly. The 2D shape
can have an impact on it when projecting the dimension, in 2D
it is very hard to see so then you have to draw the dimensions
manually which will take a lot of time. In 3D you can press one
button and pick each end of the line and the dimensions will be
drawn. However in 3D image can be used to explain a structure
with the use of 3D frame format and you can show a lot of
information.
Isometric:
The isometric drawing can be drawn into 2,3D but to get your
image fast use the 2D format which is much vague in another
words the simple flat information of 3D format. However if you
are looking for something very clear, very professional, the 3D
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Assignment: 4
drawings format would be much better to use and even though
the drawing is in 2D isometric the same rules will apply.

7(b)
Over all in the conclusion there is a huge difference in 2D and
3D drawing but I can say if you want to make a simple image
use 2D but in my conclusion I think that 3D is much better than
2D. it Is like 3D drawings are the upgraded versions of 2D.In3D
you have all the benefits in 3D it does not take long time it is
much more clear to understand and in 3D it is in three
dimensional and you are able to see all of these dimensions
much more clear.
Over all in think both 2,3D are needed for engineering maybe
for different task but 3D is much better than 2D.