Arandeep Sandhu 10kha

Learning aim b
Booklet
Lesson 1 internet terms
acronym What the acronym definition
stands for
POP Point of presence Accessing the internet and it has all the hardwares and allows internet users
to access it.isp may operate to receive good internet connection
NAP Network access point It is an interchange between networks within the internet.it allows isps to
connect with each other.
IP Internet protocol Internet protocol is a package of information on the internet and is used to
organise the internet with a set of rules.
TCP Transmission control Tcp takes data from a users application and gives it to the ip of the internet
protocol server. It reassembles data and sends it to users application program.

FTP File transfer protocol This protocol allows files to be transferred between two computers. It is
mostly used to download programs to your computer from other servers.

ISP Internet service Isps provide a cost effective prices to connect to the internet whereas direct
provider connections will be very expensive. In the uk there are many companies
which uses isps like sky, virgin media and bt
Computer network is a telecommunication network which allows computers to
share data through data links. The two types of connections are cable or wireless.
Protocol is exchanging data with others through a network. Every data format has
different methods.

This is the This takes the The ip which Then the user The ip are used in Here the Tcp
users data from the is internet connects to a combination to reassembles data
application. users protocol internet and help the users and forwards to
application and transfers to web page they server to load the users
transfers to the the internet. requested. . quicker. application.
ip.

These are example of isps which is internet service

provider.

To conclude I have learnt about key internet terms there

acronyms and what they stand for and there definition and
how a user connects to the internet.
Arandeep Sandhu 10kha

Lesson 2-internet infra structure

The role of a server is to serve the roles of computer needs and runs unique server
softwares. There are several types of servers which are file and printing services
and web and email servers which manage communication over the internet.

A client is a computer which uses services provided by servers.

A router is a piece of hardware that connects two or more networks, the data from ISP
is sent to the network and router then directs to the server requested. Routers are also
known as direction of networks.

Connecting backbone is the main connection data routes between large networks in
region and smaller networks in smaller areas

Not fixed to a Need to have access to a

stationary computer wireless hub. Can be less
Can be used secure than wired
wherever there is a connections. Tend to have
wireless hub slower data transmission

speeds than wired

Broadband Requires a base which is
broadband methods.
connections can give wired in, so it is less
better reception and flexible than wireless.
are faster than dial
up

Can use existing Older technology gives poor

telephone circuits reception and slower than other
and useful in methods and conversion from
some areas digital to signals can cause errors

Lesson 3
Html- an opening tag for a program
Head - opening tag for a section
<h1>This is a heading</h1> - heading tag, content
<p>This is a paragraph</p> - paragraph tag, content and end tag
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Lesson 4

A hyperlink is a website which is attached to document and can be viewed by clicking on

and then you will be transferred to the website on the web.

The role of a web server is to deliver web page to users computers. It uses http to load the
programs. The process is store, process and then deliver the web pages to the client.

Web browser is a software which presents and transverses information across the World
Wide Web and it is known as the browser.

Html is computer language which is used to create webpages. You can create html by
installing the html software and an example of this is adobe.html relies on tags.

To sum up in todays lesson I have learnt what html is and what it does also how it can be
used.

URL is a string of characteristics which creates web pages.url stands for uniform resource
identifier. Web address is a synonym for a URL.

A search engine is when you search something on the web and a succession of best
matching results will appear. An example of a search engine is google and Bing. The items
which appear are most popular results at the top. They retrieve the information from the
html.

Http is the protocol used An area which is This locates you

for data communications particular on the to a particular
over the web. Its protocol internet and is the ip area on that web
is requesting web pages address. page.
and installing them.
 Arandeep Sandhu 10kha

Finally to sum up lesson 4 I have learnt what a search engine is and the components of
URL and what a URL is.

Lesson 5

Address book is an email tool which allows you to store names, emails and peoples details
on the web.

Attachments is a file you can send messages and attach files with it for example photos,
documents and spreadsheets.

Multiple recipients is when you can send a message to many people at the same time, you
can do this by using carbon copy. The people who it is sent all people who it is sent to can
see who it is sent to, however if you dont want people to see who the message is sent to
you can use blind carbon copy.

Below is a table showing the advantages and drawback of email:

Benefits of email Drawbacks of email
Quick and easy People can hack into emails and emails
arent very secure.
Deliver to many people at once Require internet to access emails
Can transfer large amounts of
documents
They store the emails which can be
retrieved after.
Identify and describe the protocols

What is a carbon copy?

When would you forward a document?

Lesson 6
Alternative transmission methods

type Utp/stp Coaxai Fibre optic infrared microwave Satellite

details Unshielded twisted Solid wire is These can be Short range data Short Data is
pair, cables are separated glass or plastic transmissions wavelength transmitted
basic pairs which from outer cables and use using infrared radio from earth to
are twisted copper reflection light light. This transmission satellite
together. Shielded braided cable to transmit method is same working at
twisted pairs are by plastic data. Normally technology which high
similar but have insulation uses led,visable is in tv hardware. frequencies
foil shielding. light or infrared
Max data 250mps 1000mps 2.4mps 4mps 300gps huge
transfer rate
Maximum 100m 100m 50km 100m 100m Between
range 500km to
36,000km
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benefits Twisting cancels Fast and reliable Fast and can It Is reliable Signal reduces Distance can
interference and work over over long increase
arent very long distances network can
expensive also are distances reach
adaptable
Limitations They are slower Costs more than It is complex Short range and Devices must It is expensive
and less size Utp and stp. connection devices must be be in sight and to get
cables, these kinds Vulnerable to and require in direct sight can be
of cables can only noise finish affected by
be used short equipment rain and sun.
spaces
Example of Analogue Connection to Cable Keyboard, printer Earth to Global
how it is telephone cable or Ariel tv networks are and mouse to satellite communicatio
used Network. networks fibre to the computer connection. n system
road then are unit.handesets Bluetooth
Coaxai to
houses

This is a fibre optic cable

This a Utp and STP cable This is a coaxial cable

This is an infrared on a mouse This is microwave transmission This is a satellite

Exam question:

Name 3 different methods of transmission methods.

Arandeep Sandhu 10kha

What is the max and lowest data transmission method?

To conclude I have learnt about different ways of transmission methods, also the amounts
of data transfer you can get from different transmission methods.

Lesson 7

Transmission modes:
Simplex transmission sends data to one direction only and an example of this is radio
broadcast.

Half-duplex transmission allows two way transmission however they dont transmit at the
same time. System which is used to monitor and control manufacturing process can use
this method, but they cant send messages at the same time.an example is walkie talkies.
For example this allows Tyreece and annisee to communicate but not at the same time.

Full duplex transmission allows two way communication at the same time and an example
is telephone system land or mobile.

Parallel transmission is a number of bits of data are transmitted over an equal number of
wires or channels and allows all the bytes of information to be transmitted across
together.it has short range di

+tances with maximum of 5 metres.

Serial transmission bits are transmitted one at a time over a single wire or channel, this
reduces the cost of the cable but reduces rate of data transfer. These can be used over
long distances.

Universal serial bus which is known as usb, it is a serial transmission method. USB is used
in a wide variety of devices, such as mobile telephones, memory sticks and MP3 players.
USB ports also supply power to some devices. The maximum transmission for usb 2.0 is
480mps however this is shared between many devices so it will be less.

Bi-directional transmission which has several meanings through data communication but
it transmits in both directions and currently is known as fibre optic. Light passes in one
direction only, so you have to add extra fibres to the bundle to carry a signal in the
opposite direction.
Lesson 8

Client side processor is the use of script language which creates codes on web pages,
providing interactivity, the code is downloaded when the user opens the web page. An
example of this is a roll over where some code is triggered when you move the mouse over
a particular part of the web page.

Server side processor involves use of scripts and are on another web server. Information is
submitted to a server which processes it to provide results in the form of a web page and
 Arandeep Sandhu 10kha

an example of this is search engine which matches the word or phrase against an index of
website content on the web server using scripts.

Questions:

Client side processor Server side processor

Advantages It is fast once code is downloaded Can be run on any web browser
it is more secured More efficient due to dont need to be
downloaded to computer
Disadvantages Not all scripts work at the same time Doesnt have much security

Can slow down computer speed Server needs to deal with lots of users
What is a client side processor?

Describe one example of server and client side processing.

To conclude I have learnt types of processors and the advantages and disadvantages of
client and server side processing.

Lesson 9

Database is system which manages a group of data, the data would be on a particular
subject for example database of business. All the information is stored on a table and
every row within the table has information which is known as a record and the columns
within the table include information which are identified as fields.

The different types of database are:

Text-This is a sequence of letters or numbers and other symbols, an example of a text is

someones name also a field which can take multiple fields is memo field.

Number- This represents a numerical value, an example is product price and number of
items left in stock in a store, this would allow you to record prices and amount of products
sold however if this was a text it wont be possible to store.

Currency-This is automated format which puts $ or in front of data also ensures decimal
places.
Date/time-This stores dates or both dates and time

Logical-This represents a value which is true or false, for example when an client opens an
account with an business and they may be asked whether or not they want to receive
marketing material and this would be stored in a logical field.

Primary key is identifier of each record in a table, the tables hold fields which are primary
keys in other tables, and all tables have a primary key which they are organised on. The
primary key of a customers account number is a primary key.

Identify the different relationship a database can have

one to one: school - head teacher

Arandeep Sandhu 10kha

One to many: mother to child

Many to many: students to courses

Lesson 10

A database is a computerised system that makes it easy to search, select and store
information. Databases are used in many different places. Databases are secured with
passwords to protect personal information.

A dmbs stands database management system and is a system which creates and manages
databases. The DBMS provides users and programmers with a logical way to create,
recover, update and manage data.

Sql is Structured Query Language is a high-level language which is used to undertake

management activity. It is normally in two parts which are ddl and dml. SQL is language
that generates codes used by dbms.

Ddl is used to define database structure. Ddl is a standard for commands that define the
different structures in a database. DDL statements create, modify, and remove database
objects such as tables, indexes, and users. Common DDL statements are CREATE, ALTER,
and DROP.

Dml this is the part used to add, delete, change and query the data which is held in the
database structure. Also Used for selecting, inserting, deleting and updating data in a
database, which Performers read-only queries of data is sometimes also considered a
component of DML.