There is a constant need for the reduction of operational and

maintenance costs of large sized synchronous generators. The most efficient

way of reducing these costs would be continuous monitoring of the condition
of these generators. This allows for early detection of the degeneration of the
generators health, facilitating a proactive response, minimizing downtime,
and maximizing productivity. There are many techniques and tools available,
which are used to monitor the condition of these machines and prolonging
their life span. Stator winding faults of synchronous generator are considered
serious problems because of the damage associated with high currents and
high cost of maintenance. A high speed bias differential relay is normally
used to detect three phase, phase to phase and double phase to ground faults.
Detection of single line to ground faults depends on the generator grounding
type which can be classified into low and high impedance grounding. In case
of low impedance grounding, a differential relay can detect and provide
protection of only about, 95% of the windings. However, for high impedance
grounding, ground faults are not normally detectable by the differential relay
because the fault current is usually less than the sensitivity of the relay. In
such case, an over-voltage relay connected across the grounding resistor has
been used to sense the zero sequence voltage. This relay should be set to
avoid tripping of normal unbalance which yields reduced sensitivity.
50
In this work, Computational Intelligence based approaches for
identifying Stator Earth Fault and Inter-Turn fault of Synchronous Generator
are proposed. The detector uniquely responds to the winding inter-turn fault
and Stator Earth Fault with remarkable high sensitivity. Discrimination of
different percentage of winding affected by these faults is provided via ANN
or GA-BPN or ANFIS which are given with eight dimensional input vector.
This input vector is obtained from features extracted from DWT of faulty
current leaving the generator phase winding for the case of Inter-Turn fault.
For stator earth fault protection subharmonic injection technique is followed.
So the neutral current of the generator is taken for structuring input vector.
Training data for ANN, GA-BPN and ANFIS are generated via a simulation
of generator with these faults using MATLAB Simulink. The proposed
algorithm using ANFIS is giving satisfied performance than ANN and GABPN
with selected statistical data of decomposed levels of faulty current