AC 500 GCV Manual

AC500 Automatic
Calorimeter
Instruction Manual
Version 1.2x
Part Number 200-999-004
January 2012
Patents are Pending in U.S.A. and other countries

2012 LECO Corporation
Minor revisions may not be reflected in this manual.
12 AC500 Introduction
1 Introduction
The Introduction chapter provides general information including safety
guidelines and warranty terms. This chapter also provides information about
parts and accessories.
1 Introduction
Illustrations .................................................................................. 16
Warranty...................................................................................... 18
LECO-Supplied Dell Computers ....................................................... 19
WEEE......................................................................................... 111
Interference to Other Devices ....................................................... 116
Declaration of Conformity ............................................................. 117
About this Manual ....................................................................... 118
Using the Software Help System ................................................... 119
Software License ......................................................................... 121
Equipment Packages .................................................................... 124
Optional Equipment ..................................................................... 126
Components and Accessories List .................................................. 127
Specifications ............................................................................. 129
Certificate of Traceability .............................................................. 130
Oxygen Combustion Vessel Safety Notice ....................................... 133
Hydrostatic and Proof Testing ....................................................... 135
Combustion Vessel Hydrostatic and Proof Testing Return Form ......... 136
2 Installation
Illustrations .................................................................................. 22
Installing Calorimeter .................................................................... 23
International Installation .............................................................. 214
Computer Installation .................................................................. 215
Data Transmit Installation ............................................................ 216
3 Option Installation
Illustrations .................................................................................. 32
Balance Installation ....................................................................... 33
Printer Installation......................................................................... 37
Smartline Installation .................................................................... 38
Introduction AC500 13
4 System Setup
Illustrations .................................................................................. 43
Controls and Indicators .................................................................. 44
Software Main Window ................................................................... 47
Menu Bar ..................................................................................... 48
Using Toolbars ............................................................................ 414
Customizing Sample Spreadsheet .................................................. 415
Importing Sample Data ................................................................ 419
Creating Sample Templates .......................................................... 421
Creating Transmission Formats ..................................................... 422
Creating Export Format ................................................................ 428
Determining User Permissions....................................................... 432
Selecting a Language ................................................................... 436
Configuring the System ................................................................ 437
Defining Calibration Standards ...................................................... 442
Sample Templates ....................................................................... 444
Using Sample Filters .................................................................... 447
Creating and Modifying User Defined Fields .................................... 451
Managing Databases .................................................................... 453
5 Operation
Illustrations .................................................................................. 53
Logging in a Sample ...................................................................... 55
Preparing Crucibles........................................................................ 57
Preparing Samples ........................................................................ 58
Combustion Vessel Preparation for Wire Fuse ................................... 59
Combustion Vessel Preparation for Thread Fuse .............................. 512
Combustion Bucket Preparation .................................................... 515
Creating or Modifying Methods ...................................................... 517
Analyzing a Sample ..................................................................... 521
Abort an Analysis ........................................................................ 523
Calibration ................................................................................. 524
Editing Samples in the Spreadsheet ............................................... 525
Printing Analysis Results .............................................................. 530
Exporting Data ............................................................................ 534
Importing Data ........................................................................... 542
Transmitting Data ....................................................................... 543
Transmitting Selected Samples ..................................................... 550
Data Backup ............................................................................... 551
Error Messages ........................................................................... 554
6 Maintenance
Illustrations .................................................................................. 62
Periodic Maintenance Schedule ....................................................... 63
Combustion Vessel Maintenance ...................................................... 69
Fan Filter Removal and Cleaning ................................................... 610
Particle Filter Replacement ........................................................... 611
Water Return Filter Replacement ................................................... 612
Water System Draining ................................................................ 614
Water System Filling .................................................................... 615
Adjusting the Pressure Safety Release Valve ................................... 616
7 Theory of Operation
Illustrations .................................................................................. 73
Theory of Operation....................................................................... 75
Calculations and Corrections for Nitrogen, Sulfur, and Net Calorific Value76
Correction For The Energy Of Formation Of Nitric Acid ....................... 77
Correction For Energy Of Formation Of Sulfuric Acid .......................... 79
Calculation for Net Calorific Value .................................................. 712
Calculation to Other Bases ........................................................... 716
Fuse (Ignition) Wire Correction ....................................................... 79
Example Calculations ................................................................... 718
8 Diagnostics
Monitoring Ambient Chart............................................................... 83
Solenoids and Switches .................................................................. 85
Backup (Hardware) Calibration ....................................................... 86
Hardware Calibration ..................................................................... 89
Communications ......................................................................... 814
9 Service
Illustrations .................................................................................. 92
Installing LECO Software................................................................ 93
Configuring the Ethernet Adapter .................................................. 911
Configuring the Firewall Settings................................................... 915
Registering the Software.............................................................. 916
Troubleshooting Copy Protection Key............................................. 922
Combustion Vessel Charger O-ring Replacement ............................. 929
Troubleshooting .......................................................................... 930
10 Illustrations
11 Schematics
12 Index
Illustrations
Figure 2-1 Facility Requirements ......................................................27

Figure 2-2 Voltage Select Switch ......................................................28
Figure 2-3 Igniter Fuse Switch Position .............................................28
Figure 2-4 Power Cord Wiring Diagram .............................................29
Figure 2-5 Pipet and Water Return Tank Filter ....................................210
Figure 2-6 Pump Purge Valve Location ..............................................211
Figure 2-7 Pipet Valve Positions .......................................................212
Figure 2-8 Wash Basin Assembly ......................................................213
Figure 3-1 Balance Control Panel ......................................................34
Figure 4-1 Controls and Indicators ...................................................46
Figure 5-1 Sample PreparationWire Fuse ........................................510
Figure 5-2 Fuse and Combustion Vessel Preparation for Wire Fuse .......511
Figure 5-3 Sample PreparationThread Fuse .....................................513
Figure 5-4 Fuse and Combustion Vessel Preparation for Thread Fuse ....514
Figure 5-5 Analysis Time Periods ......................................................520
Figure 6-1 Fan Filter Removal ..........................................................610
Figure 6-2 Particle Filter Replacement ...............................................611
Figure 6-3 Water Return Filter Replacement ......................................613
Figure 6-4 Pressure Safety Valve......................................................616
Figure 7-1 Water Flow Diagram ........................................................722
Figure 8-1 Thermistor Location ........................................................815
Figure 9-1 Combustion Vessel Charger O-ring Replacement .................929
Figure 10-1 AC500 Exploded View #1 ...............................................103
Figure 10-4 Rear View AC500 ..........................................................106
Figure 10-5 Combustion Vessel 621-605-878.....................................107
Figure 10-6 Combustion Vessel 621-251 ...........................................108
Figure 10-7 Combustion Vessel Tank 620-817 ...................................109
Figure 10-8 Electronic Assembly 621-210 ..........................................1010
Figure 10-9 Drain Bracket 608-717 ..................................................1011
Figure 10-10 Heat Exchanger 618-547 ..............................................1012
Figure 10-11 Lid Assembly 608-177 .................................................1013
Figure 10-12 Lid Plate 608-893 ........................................................1014
Figure 10-13 Manifold Assembly 608-720 ..........................................1015
Figure 10-14 Power Supply Chassis 621-212 .....................................1016
Figure 10-15 Power Supply Chassis Exploded View .............................1017
Figure 10-16 Pump Assembly 789-419..............................................1018
Figure 10-17 Reservoir Tank 617-237 ...............................................1019
Figure 10-18 Igniter Fuse Switch Box ...............................................1020
Figure 11-1 Cabinet Schematic ........................................................111
Figure 11-2 Igniter Box Schematic ...................................................112
Warranty
Equipment manufactured by LECO Corporation, St. Joseph, Michigan is warranted free

from defect in material and workmanship for a period of 1) thirteen months from date of
shipment or 2) twelve months from date of installation, whichever occurs first.
Equipment not manufactured by LECO is covered to the extent of warranty provided by
the original manufacturer and this warranty does not cover any equipment, new or used,
purchased from anyone other than LECO Corporation. All replacement parts shall be
covered under warranty for a period of thirty days from date of purchase. LECO makes
no other representation or warranty of any other kind, expressed or implied,
with respect to the goods sold hereunder, whether as to merchantability,
fitness for purpose, or otherwise.
Expendable items such as crucibles, combustion tubes, chemicals, and items of like
nature are not covered by this warranty.
LECO's sole obligation under this warranty shall be to repair or replace any part or parts
which, to our satisfaction, prove to be defective upon return prepaid to LECO
Corporation, St. Joseph, Michigan. This obligation does not include labor to install
replacement parts, nor does it cover any failure due to accident, abuse, neglect, or use
in disregard of instructions furnished by LECO. In no event shall damages for defective
goods exceed the purchase price of the goods, and LECO shall not be liable for
incidental or consequential damages whatsoever.
All claims in regard to the parts or equipment must be made within ten (10) days after
Purchaser learns of the facts upon which the claim is based. Authorization must be
obtained from LECO prior to returning any other parts. This warranty is voided by failure
to comply with these notice requirements.
Notice
The warranty on LECO equipment remains valid only when genuine LECO
replacement parts are employed. Since LECO has no control over the quality or
purity of consumable products not manufactured by LECO, the specifications for
accuracy of results using LECO instruments are not guaranteed unless genuine LECO
consumables are employed in conjunction with LECO instruments. If purchaser defaults
in making payment for any parts or equipment, this warranty shall be void and shall not
apply to such parts and equipment. No late payment or cure of default in payment shall
extend the warranty period provided herein.
LECO Corporation is not responsible for damage to any associated instruments,
equipment, or apparatus nor will LECO be held liable for loss of profit or other special
damages resulting from abuse, neglect, or use in disregard of instructions. The Buyer,
their employees, agents, and successors in interest assume all risks and liabilities for the
operation, use, and/or misuse of the product(s) described herein and agree to
indemnify, hold harmless, and defend the seller from any and all claims and actions
arising from any cause whatsoever, including seller's negligence for personal injury
incurred in connection with the use of said product(s) and any and all damages
proximately resulting there from.
LECO-Supplied Dell Computers
Dell Support
All LECO supplied Dell PC's include Dell's ProSupport Service, which is designed
to provide a base level of customer security. This service option can place a
Dell-certified technician at your location the following day, if necessary (after
phone-based troubleshooting). In many cases, remote troubleshooting can
minimize overall system downtime by getting the issue quickly fixed remotely
or helping Dell to dispatch the right part (if necessary).
The inclusion of Dell ProSupport with LECO supplied PCs ensures that any
computer related service issues are handled directly by the experts at Dell.
This eliminates the unnecessary step of working through the LECO service
professionals for a resolution from Dell, and provides PC support 24 hours a
day, seven days a week.
Dell ProSupport provides expert assistance when you need rapid problem
resolution to help maximize your PC system's uptime and productivity.
ProSupport provides the following benefits:
24 x 7 Access to advanced-level North American-based phone technicians
Live Chat tech support
DellConnect remote diagnosis and resolution
Next Business Day On-Site Service after Remote Diagnostics
For more information, call 1-800-WWW-DELL (1-800-999-3355) or access
Dell's website by copying and pasting the following link into your internet
browser: http://www.dell.com/content/topics/global.aspx/services
/prosupport/end_users?c=us&cs=555&l=en&s=biz
Please have your Service Tag and Express Service Code numbers available
when contacting Dell to expedite service. These can be found on the back or
side of the tower.
Transferring Ownership of a Dell Product

The following section explains the steps to transfer the warranty and ownership
of a Dell computer. This transfer is necessary to complete when an equipment
package that includes a Dell computer has been purchased from LECO.
An internet connection is required to complete the transfer. If an internet
connection is not available, the transfer can be completed by calling Dell at
800-624-9897.
To complete the transfer online through Dell's website, complete either the
Domestic Customer procedure or the International Customer procedure as
explained in the following steps.
For Domestic Customers:
1. Access Dell's website by copying and pasting or entering the following
website URL into your internet browser:
http://support.dell.com/support/topics/global.aspx/support/change_order/
tag_transfer?c=us&l=en&s=gen&redirect=1
It is recommended to complete the transfer of ownership from
the computer from which the ownership will be transferred. If
this is not possible, follow the instructions provided on Dell's
website.
2. Complete the transfer by completing and submitting the form provided on
Dell's website.
For International Customers:

1. Access Dell's website by copying and pasting or entering the following
website URL into your internet browser:
http://support.dell.com/support/topics/global.aspx/support/change_order/
tag_transfer?c=us&l=en&s=gen&redirect=1
It is recommended to complete the transfer of ownership from
the computer from which the ownership will be transferred. If
this is not possible, follow the instructions provided on Dell's
website.
2. Do not enter information into the fields. Instead, click International

Transfer Form located below the form fields.
3. On the form, for original owner,
A. For First Original Owner, enter "LECO Corp"
B. For Original Owner E-mail Address, enter "service@leco.com"
C. For Country of Original Purchase, click the arrow and select United
States from the list.
4. Complete the transfer by following the remaining instructions provided on
the form.

WEEE

WEEE Statements

WEEE Statements 2

WEEE Statements 3

WEEE Statements 4

Interference to Other Devices
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class
B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules and Regulations. These
limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful
interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses and
can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance
with the instructions, may cause interference to radio communications.
However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular
installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or
television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and
on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of
the following methods:
Reorient or relocate the radio or television receiving antenna.
Increase the separation between the equipment and the radio or television
receiver.
Connect the equipment to an outlet on a circuit different from that which
the radio or television receiver is currently connected.
Consult the radio or television dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician
for help.

Declaration of Conformity

About this Manual
This instruction manual provides information about the AC500 as explained

below. For each chapter, there is a hyperlinked table of contents and list of
illustrations, if applicable.
The screen shots used throughout the manual are examples only and
may or may not be applicable to specific procedures.
Chapter 1, Introduction, page 13, describes general information including

safety guidelines and warranty terms. This chapter also provides information
about parts and accessories.
Chapter 2, Installation, page 21, describes hardware setup and connection.
Chapter 3, Option Installation, page 31, describes the purchasable options
available for the instrument.
Chapter 4, System Setup, page 41, describes starting and navigating the
software and setting operating parameters.
Chapter 5, Operation, page 51, describes the procedures to analyze samples.
Chapter 6, Maintenance, page 61, describes procedures to perform on a
regular basis to improve the instruments performance and life span.
Chapter 7, Theory of Operation, page 71, describes the theory of operation for
the instrument.
Chapter 8, Diagnostics, page 81, describes how to monitor the instrument to
ensure proper operation.
Chapter 9, Service, page 91, describes service procedures. Contact the LECO
Service Department for further information.
Chapter 10, Illustrations, page 101 provides illustrations and photographs that
can assist with procedures and location of parts.
Chapter 11, Schematics, page 111, provides diagrams of circuit boards and
wiring.
Chapter 12, Glossary, page 121, provides definitions of terms.
Chapter 13, Index, page 131, provides page numbers for topics throughout
the manual. In the electronic manual available through the software, the page
numbers in the index provide a hyperlink to the corresponding topic.

Using the Software Help System
The instruction manual is available as a pdf (portable document format) . To

access the manual, push F1 on the computer keyboard, or select Help on the
Menu Bar and then select Help F1.
Tips for Navigating the Electronic Manual

The appearance of the pdf will depend on the version of Acrobat Reader
loaded with your software. Refer to the Adobe Reader Help system for further
information. The following section provides some general tips on navigating a
manual.
Bookmarks
For versions prior to 8, after opening the pdf document, select the Bookmarks
tab located on the left side of the screen to access a tree that displays main
section headings. Select a heading to go immediately to the corresponding
section. If a + appears, select it to display more section headings.
For version 8, right-click on and then select Bookmarks. Select a heading

to go immediately to the corresponding section. If a + appears, select it to
display more section headings.
Find
Select Edit on the Menu bar and then Find to highlight a search box where you
can enter a word or phrase. Each time you select Next, the software will
highlight the next occurrence of the word or phrase in the manual. Find is most
useful when the word or phrase is used infrequently in the manual.
Search
For versions prior to 8, select Edit and then select Search on the Menu bar to
display a side bar with a search box. Enter the desired word or phrase and each
occurrence of the word or phrase in context will display in the Results area.
For version 8, the Search box appears in a separate window rather than a
sidebar.
Search makes it easier to find words or phrases that occur several times in the
manual. Search also provides the ability to search words or phrases in several
pdf documents, if applicable. To search the instruction manual only, select the
Search this Pdf Document Only check box.
Links
In the manual, text or a page number highlighted in blue provides a direct link
to the associated topic. In the Index, select the page number to go directly to
the associated topic. For illustrations, a label and a page number are provided.
The label links to the caption of the illustration while the page number links to
the body of illustration.

Previous and Next Arrows
Use the green view arrows located at the bottom of the screen to toggle
between views in the document once more than one page of the document has
been viewed.
In version 8, there are two types of arrows, page arrows and view
arrows . Page arrows move from one page to the next page and follow
the page numbering of the manual while view arrows move from one view to
the next and depend on the pages you have viewed. To display both types of
arrows, click Tools on the Menu bar and then click Customize Toolbars. From
the list, locate Page Navigation Toolbar and then if all of the arrows do not
appear, select the Previous Page check box, Next Page check box, Previous
View check box, and Next View check box to display both sets of arrows.

Software License
By installing the Licensed Software, the Licensee acknowledges that Licensee

has read it, understands it and agrees to be bound by its terms, and further
agree that this is the complete and exclusive statement of the Software License
between the parties, which supersedes and merges all prior proposals,
understandings and other agreements oral and written, between the parties
relating to the subject matter of this Software License. In the event of any
conflict between the terms of this Software License and the terms of purchase
orders submitted by Licensee, the terms of this Software License shall control.
This is an agreement between the Licensee and LECO Corporation (LECO) of
3000 Lakeview Avenue, St. Joseph, Michigan 49085-2396, owner of the
Licensed Software. This Software License specifies the conditions under which
Licensee may use the Licensed Software.
I. Definitions
"Licensed Software" shall mean the software supplied with this Software
License, which is software developed and distributed by LECO.
"Instruction Manual" shall mean a guide describing the use and operation of the
Licensed Software, together with any related supporting documentation.
"Licensee" shall mean and include any of the Licensee's divisions and
departments within Licensee's organization, but shall not include wholly or
partially owned subsidiaries, affiliates, successors or assigns, or independent
third parties.
II. License Grant

LECO hereby grants to Licensee, and Licensee hereby accepts, subject to the
terms and conditions set forth in this Software License, a non-exclusive, non-
transferable license to use the Licensed Software and Instruction Manual as set
forth in this Software License. The term license as used in this Software
License shall mean and include:
a. the right to use a copy of the Licensed Software in executable form by one
user at a time;
b. the right to use and copy the Instruction Manual for Licensee's internal
operations; and
c. the right to make one backup copy of the Licensed Software.
In accepting the license granted by LECO, Licensee agrees that it shall not:
1. transfer or allow transfer of copies of the Licensed Software to any other

party including any wholly or partially owned subsidiaries, affiliates, successors,
or assigns without the express consent of LECO;
2. use the Licensed Software on more than one (1) CPU at any one time;
3. cause or permit unauthorized copying, reproduction, or disclosure of any
portion of the Licensed Software or Instruction Manual or the distribution of any
part thereof to any third person or entity, for any purpose whatsoever. This

restriction shall continue to bind Licensee and its agents beyond the termination
of this Software License; or
4. attempt to disassemble modify, or reverse engineer the Licensed Software;
5. attempt to defeat or defeat the copy-protection mechanism;
6. attempt to or access features not purchased.
III. Enhancements And Support

LECO may make available to Licensee updates and enhancements to the
Licensed Software, which Licensee may accept at the time it is offered to
Licensee by paying any applicable update fee. LECO shall have the sole
discretion to determine the update fee. Use of all such updates and
enhancements by Licensee shall be subject to the terms and conditions of this
Software License unless supplemented or replaced by a subsequent license.
IV. Termination Of Software License

In the event of a material default by Licensee or its agents, of any provision of
this Software License, LECO may terminate this Software License upon thirty
(30) days written notice. Upon termination of the Software License, the
Licensee shall return all copies of the Licensed Software to LECO. This
obligation shall survive the termination of this Software License.
V. Copyright And Proprietary Information

Licensee acknowledges that the Licensed Software and the Instruction Manual
constitute valuable and copyrighted property of LECO and that all title and
ownership rights in the Licensed Software and related materials remain
exclusively with LECO. LECO reserves all rights with respect to the Licensed
Software and Instruction Manual under all applicable laws for the protection of
proprietary information, including, but not limited to, trade secrets, copyrights,
trademarks, and patents.
VI. Limitation Of Liability And Warranties

With respect to the physical media on which the Licensed Software is delivered
and Instruction Manual, LECO warrants the same to be free of defects in
materials and workmanship for a period of ninety (90) days from the date of
delivery. In the event of notification within the warranty period of defects in
material or workmanship, LECO will replace the defective media or
documentation. LECO specifically disclaims all other warranties, expressed or
implied, including but not limited to implied warranties of merchantability and
fitness for a particular purpose with respect to defects in the media and
documentation. In no event shall LECO be liable for any loss of profit, data, or
use, or any other commercial damage, including but not limited to special,
incidental, consequential, interruptions in Licensees operations, or other
damages regardless of negligence or fault. LECO's liability in connection with
this Software License shall not exceed the value of the amounts paid by
Licensee under this Software License for the Licensed Software which gave rise
to the loss less a reasonable amount for use, damage and obsolescence.

VII. Confidentiality
All information and materials regarding the software, provided to Licensee by
LECO which are not generally known in the trade are confidential, are
proprietary, and such information and materials are furnished solely for the use
of Licensee under this Software License. Licensee agrees not to use or disclose
any such information or material otherwise without prior written consent from
LECO and Licensee further agrees to take all reasonable steps requested by
LECO, or otherwise necessary to protect the confidentiality of all such
information and materials. The foregoing obligations will survive termination of
this Software License, and Licensee agrees to return all such information and
materials to LECO upon request or any non-renewal or termination of this
Software License.
VIII. Miscellaneous
a) This Software License shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the
parties hereto and their respective successors and assigns, provided that
Licensee shall not have any right to assign its rights or obligations under this
Software License (whether by operation of law or otherwise) without the prior
written consent of LECO.
b) All notices hereunder shall be in writing and shall be sent by registered or
certified mail postage prepaid to LECO at the addresses first written above.
The date of postmark shall be deemed the date on which such notice is given.
c) No delay on the part of LECO in exercising any right, power or remedy
hereunder shall operate as a waiver thereof, nor shall any single or partial
exercise of any such right, power or remedy preclude any other or further
exercise thereof or the exercise of any other right, power or remedy.
d) No amendment, modification or waiver of, or any consent with respect to,
any provision of this Software License shall be effective unless the same shall
be in writing and signed and delivered by each of the parties hereto, and then
such amendment, modification, waiver or consent shall be effective only in the
specific instance and for the purpose for which given.
e) This Software License shall be construed in accordance with and governed
by the internal laws of the State of Michigan. Wherever possible, each
provision of this Software License shall be interpreted in such manner as to be
effective and valid under applicable law, but if any provision of this Software
License shall be prohibited by or invalid under such law, such provision shall be
ineffective to the extent of such prohibition or invalidity, without invalidating
the remainder of such provision or the remaining provisions of this Software
License.
f) Licensee agrees that it is responsible for obtaining proper authorization and
complying with any export, re-export, or import laws or regulations and that
may apply if Licensee exports, re-exports, or imports the Licensed Software,
technology or technical data licensed hereunder.

Equipment Packages
Items listed below are repeated throughout this manual and are subject to
revision. Please consult the packing slip received with the instrument. For a
complete listing of kits and packages, see Components and Accessories List,
page 127.
AC500NC AC500 Automatic Calorimeter with PC without Vessel

1 259-052 SOFTWARE KIT AC500
1 603-300-500 ASSY AC500 AUTO CAL 115/230V
1 618-380 CASE HOLDER CD-24 BLUE/BLACK*
1 686-448 ASSY PC TOWER AC500
1 704-241 ASSY KEY COPY PROTECTION
1 710-172 MONITOR COLOR 19 FLAT SCR GRY
AC500NCR AC500 Automatic Calorimeter without Vessel or PC

1 603-300-500 ASSY AC500 AUTO CAL 115/230V
1 633-101-413 DISK CAL HARDWARE AC500
AC500TC AC500 Automatic Calorimeter with Vessel and PC

1 603-300-500 ASSY AC500 AUTO CAL 115/230V
1 621-244 PACK ACCESSORY VESSEL THREAD
1 621-605-877 ASSY VESSEL COMBUSTION IGNITER THREAD

AC500TCR AC500 Automatic Calorimeter with Thread Vessel without PC
1 603-300-500 ASSY AC500 AUTO CAL 115/230V
1 621-244 PACK ACCESSORY VESSEL THREAD
1 621-605-877 ASSY VESSEL COMBUSTION IGNITER THREAD
AC500WC AC500 Automatic Calorimeter with Wire Vessel with PC

1 603-300-500 ASSY AC500 AUTO CAL 115/230V
1 621-243 PACK ACCESSORY VESSEL WIRE
1 621-605-878 ASSY VESSEL COMBUSTION IGNITER WIRE
AC500WCR AC500 Automatic Calorimeter with Wire Vessel without PC

1 603-300-500 ASSY AC500 AUTO CAL 115/230V
1 621-243 PACK ACCESSORY VESSEL WIRE
1 621-605-878 ASSY VESSEL COMBUSTION IGNITER WIRE

Optional Equipment
603-350-0op
1 051-063 SPEC SHEET AC500
1 259-052UPGR SOFTWARE KIT AC500 UPGRADE
1 502-266 WIRE FUSE 34AWG AC-350/500
1 608-948 ASSY BASIN WASH
1 614-459 CARTRIDGE BLK PRNTR HP700/950
1 617-237-110 KIT REPL RESERVOIR FIBERGLASS
1 619-995 READER BAR CODE CCD USB*
1 620-632 CARTRIDGE COLOR PRNTR SERIES C
1 621-192 KIT ADD ON MONITOR 19 FLT SCR AGP
1 621-245 KIT VESSEL THREAD IGNITER 500
1 621-246 KIT VESSEL WIRE IGNITER
1 621-322 ASSY PRESS PELLET SAMPLE AC
1 621-325 PURIFIER POWER 60 AMP 10KVA DOMESTIC*
1 621-434-110 KIT PRINTER DESKJET HP6940
1 621-435 CARTRIDGE COLOR PRNTR HP6940
1 621-436 CARTRIDGE BLACK PRNTR HP6940
1 751-300-140 KIT BALANCE L-250 4PL
1 259-052-CPK SOFTWARE KIT AC500 W/KEY
1 621-429 KIT ADD ON MONITOR 19 INCH PCI EXPRESS
1 502-815 SAMPLE MINERAL OIL 118/ML
1 774-208 ACID BENZOIC 1.00GR 10/BT
1 774-208-150 ACID BENZOIC 1.00GR 50/BT
1 621-445-110 KIT PRINTER INKJET WORKFORCE 30
1 621-446 CARTRIDGE COLOR PRINTER WORKFORCE 30
1 621-447 CARTRIDGE BLACK PRINTER WORKFORCE 30
1 502-680 STD RM COAL PROX PLUS LOW
1 502-681 STD RM COAL PROX PLUS MED
1 502-682 STD RM COAL PROX PLUS HIGH
1 621-376 PURIFIER POWER 50 AMP 7.5 KVA DOMESTIC
1 611-351-277 KIT REPL 606-429/614-840 CABLE AC500
1 611-351-283 KIT REPL 777-904C AND SWITCH
1 709-806-808 RECEPTACLE SNGL 15A 250V BLK
1 709-806-809 COVER RECEPTACLE SNGL SST
1 709-806-719 CORD POWER ASSY 10FT 15A/250V

Components and Accessories List
Component Pack (603-350-071)

2 190-269 SCREW MPHP 8-32X .38 SST
2 190-269 SCREW MPHP 8-32X .38 SST
2 190-332 SCREW MPHP 10-24X .62 ST ZP
2 190-381 SCREW MPHP .250-20X .50 ST ZP
2 193-110 WASHER FLT .203X .437X.04SSTP
2 193-185 WASHER FLT .188X .500X.04SST
1 502-121 AGENT WETTING 32OZ
1 502-296 FILTER 100/PK
1 515-149 GROMMET PLAIN .500X .781X.093
1 601-980 BOTTLE 250 ML RD LDPE WASH*
1 602-646 CLAMP HOSE TOOTH .569/ .651
5 608-657 TUBING FLX VNL CL .500X.062W*
1 608-665 ASSY BURET 2000ML WATER
1 608-667 HOLDER BASE ROD PLT
1 608-668 BRACE ROD PLT
1 608-669 ROD TANK 2000ML PLT
5 608-671 FILTER IN-LINE 149MICRON PLSTC
1 608-747 TANK WATER RETURN MODIFIED
3 608-748 STANDOFF TANK WATER RETURN
1 608-749 SCREEN FILTER BACKUP
1 608-751 RING RETAINER SCREEN
1 608-761-002 TUBE CFLEX .375 ID X 2.00
1 608-762-004 TUBE CFLEX .250 ID X 4.00
3 608-778 FUSE CTG 3.15A 250V T SB
3 608-779 FUSE CTG 1.60A 220V T SB
1 608-802 ASSY COVER RESERVOIR DUST
2 608-876 CLAW BURET MACHINED PLT
1 616-555 CABLE ASSY 9 PL DSUB F-F 15FT
1 621-248 PACKAGE 0-RING AC500
1 773-162 PLUG BUTTON .375DIA ST BN
1 774-235 REGULATOR PRESSURE
1 776-465 FILTER AIR*
6 776-562 WASHER FLT .187X .500X.12CER
1 776-692 ASSY HOSE OXYGEN HI-PRESSURE
1 776-997 CORD POWER SHLD 16/3GA SJT 115
1 774-208-150 ACID BENZOIC 1.00GR 50/BT
1 200-999-004 MANUAL INSTR AC500

O-ring Pack (621-248)
1 608-694 O-RING 161 5.500X 5.686X.093B
2 608-750 O-RING SPL 5.250X 6.250X.500C
6 760-224 O-RING 012 .375X .499X.062V
Wire Vessel Accessory Pack (621-243)

1 501-241 LUB GREASE VACUUM 5.3 OZ
3 502-462 FUSE WIRE 10CM LG 375/PK
1 608-780 HANDLE VESSEL*
1 608-872 ASSY HANDLE VESSEL CAP
1 621-249 PACKAGE O-RING VESSEL AC500
1 621-265 ASSY BRUSH CLEANING AC
1 762-515 TOOL O-RING REMOVAL
1 774-204 CRUCIBLE SST 10/PK
Thread Vessel Accessory Pack (621-244)

1 501-241 LUB GREASE VACUUM 5.3 OZ
1 502-460 WIRE IGNITER FUSE THREAD 5/PK
3 502-461 FUSE THREAD COTTON 10CM 375/PK
1 608-780 HANDLE VESSEL*
1 608-872 ASSY HANDLE VESSEL CAP
1 621-249 PACKAGE O-RING VESSEL AC500
1 621-265 ASSY BRUSH CLEANING AC
1 762-515 TOOL O-RING REMOVAL
1 774-204 CRUCIBLE SST 10/PK
Vessel O-ring Pack (621-249)

1 608-624 O-RING 229 2.375X 2.625X.125V
6 760-359 O-RING 013 .437X .561X.062V
6 773-913 O-RING 008 .187X .311X.062V

Specifications

Certificate of Traceability

Oxygen Combustion Vessel Safety Notice

Hydrostatic and Proof Testing

Combustion Vessel Hydrostatic and Proof Testing Return
Form

2 Installation
During installation and operation of this instrument, the

ON/OFF switch must be easily accessible.
Illustrations .................................................................................. 22
Installing Calorimeter .................................................................... 23
International Installation .............................................................. 214
Computer Installation .................................................................. 215
Data Transmit Installation ............................................................ 216
Installation AC500 21
Illustrations
Figure 2-1 Facility Requirements ......................................................27

Figure 2-2 Voltage Select Switch ......................................................28
Figure 2-3 Igniter Fuse Switch Position .............................................28
Figure 2-4 Power Cord Wiring Diagram .............................................29
Figure 2-5 Pipet and Water Return Tank Filter ....................................210
Figure 2-6 Pump Purge Valve Location ..............................................211
Figure 2-7 Pipet Valve Positions .......................................................212
Figure 2-8 Wash Basin Assembly ......................................................213
22 AC500 Installation
Installing Calorimeter
The following procedure should be used for first time installation of the
calorimeter. This procedure assumes that the calorimeter has been
unpacked and positioned in its permanent location.
The Balance and Printer are not supplied with the calorimeter. They
must be purchased separately. Refer to Optional Equipment, page
125.
The connectors and hardware referred to in this procedure are
included in the component pack supplied with the calorimeter.
1. Refer to the Facility Requirements diagram, page 27, during

installation of the calorimeter.
2. Provide a work surface with convenient electrical power and
oxygen supply. Refer to the Facility Requirements diagram, page
27, for power and oxygen supply requirements.
3. Install the calorimeter as shown in the Facility Requirements
diagram, page 27. Provide a minimum space of six inches
around the instrument for airflow.
HIGH VOLTAGE HAZARD

This equipment operates from a 115/230V~ source. Contact
with this voltage can be fatal. Do NOT connect the
instrument to the facility power source until instructed to do
so.
4. Remove the access door above the power switch and locate the
115/230 V~ voltage select switch. Refer to Figure 2-2, page 28.
5. Depending on line voltage available, position the voltage select
switch to either the 115 V~ or 230 V~ position.
A. Move the switch to the right for 115 V~ as viewed from the
rear.
B. Move the switch to the left for 230 V~ as viewed from the
rear.
6. Remove the fuse and check its current rating. Refer to Figure 2-2,
page 28.
A. For 115 V~ operation, install a 3.15 amp fuse.
B. For 230 V~ operation, install a 1.6 amp fuse.
VERIFY THE IGNITER FUSE SWITCH POSITION

To prevent damage to the instrument the Igniter Fuse
Switch must be in the correct position before operating the
calorimeter.
7. Remove the Left Shroud Assembly and locate the igniter fuse
switchbox. Refer to Figure 2-3, page 28.
8. Verify that the Fuse Selection Switch is in the correct position. For
the thread fuse position the switch towards Thread (cotton). For
the wire fuse position the switch towards Wire.
9. If a power cord with the proper plug is not available, use the
wiring diagram to install the proper plug. Refer to Figure 2-4,
page 29.
10. Connect the AC power cord, supplied with the calorimeter, to the
power connector on the rear of the calorimeter. DO NOT plug it
into facility power. For installation outside the U.S.A. Refer to
International Installation, page 214.
11. Install the Computer near the calorimeter. Refer to Computer
Installation, page 215.
12. Install the Balance near the computer and instrument. Refer to
Balance Installation, page 33.
13. Complete the oxygen connection as explained in the steps below.
A. Remove the cap plugs from the Oxygen In fitting on the rear
panel of the calorimeter. Refer to the Facility Requirements
diagram, page 27.
B. Using the required connector, connect one end to the
regulator on the oxygen supply and the other end to the
Oxygen In connector on the rear panel of the calorimeter.
C. The regulator is equipped with a pressure safety release
valve set to 500 psi (34.5 bar). Check this valve by adjusting
the regulated pressure to, or just above, 500 psi (34.47
bars). The safety valve should release. Reset the regulated
pressure to 450 psi (31.0 bar) for normal operation.
D. The pressure safety valve should be checked periodically for
proper operation. Turn the main tank valve off when the
calorimeter is not in use. Refer to Adjusting the Pressure
Safety Release Valve, page 616.
14. Complete the combustion vessel charger connection as explained
below:
A. Remove the cap plugs from the Oxygen Out fitting on the
rear panel of the calorimeter. Refer to the Facility
Requirements diagram, page 27.
B. Using the required connector, connect one end of the
connector to the combustion vessel charger assembly and
the other end to the Oxygen Out connector on the rear panel
of the calorimeter.
C. Connect the combustion vessel fill switch plug to the fill
switch jack on the rear of the calorimeter.
15. Complete the Pipet Installation as explained below:
A. Install the holder base to the block on the base of the
calorimeter. Refer to Figure 2-5, page 210.
B. Install the brace to the shroud directly above the holder
base.
C. Slide the rod, threaded end down, into the holder base.
Secure the rod by screwing it into the holder base.
D. Slide one of the pipet claws onto the rod until it is 10 inches
below the top of the rod.
E. Turn it until it is at a right angle with respect to the right
side of the calorimeter. The pipet claw should be positioned
away from the calorimeter. Tighten the setscrew to secure it.
F. Insert the pipet into the installed pipet claw positioning the
valve down. The valve knob should be positioned towards
the front of the calorimeter.
G. Hold the pipet and slide the other pipet claw onto the rod
positioning it on the top of the pipet. Tighten the set screw
to secure it.
H. Connect the interconnecting tubing and particle filter to the
pipet.
I. If necessary, adjust the claws up or down so that the tubing
just clears the combustion vessel bucket rim.
16. Complete the water return tank installation as explained below:
A. Thread the three standoff legs into the bottom of the water
return tank. Refer to Figure 2-5, page 210.
B. Place a water return filter over the filter holder (wetting the
filter first will aid the installation). Secure the water return
filter to the filter holder with the o-ring.
C. Place the filter assembly and filter screen into the bottom of
the water return tank. The o-ring is intended to make a seal
against the tank wall. Some interference will be felt when
sliding the filter down into the water return tank.
17. The AC Power Switch on the left side of the calorimeter should be
in the OFF position.
18. Refer to Computer Installation, page 215, and install the
computer.
19. Plug the calorimeter into the facility AC power source.
20. Turn the Oxygen supply ON with the regulator at the supply tank.
21. Turn AC Power ON to the computer and calorimeter. Permit the
computer to boot-up and display the login screen.
22. When the Windows login screen appears, login to the Windows
operating system. On computers supplied by LECO, the
administrator password will be defined as LECO. The password
may be changed after logging on.
23. Double-click the AC500 ICON on the desktop to start the AC500
application. The following screen will appear. If the computer was
not supplied by LECO, the AC500 software must be installed.
Refer to Installing Leco Software, page 95.
24. Fill the water system as explained below.
A. Keep the combustion vessel bucket lid closed as the system
is filled.
B. Close the reservoir tank drain, jacket tank drain, and pump
purge valves.
C. Remove the water return tank from the calorimeter. Refer to
Figure 2-6, page 211.
D. Pour 9 liters of distilled water into the water reservoir.
E. Slowly open the pump purge valve and allow air to escape
from the system. As soon as water flows from the valve
nozzle, close the pump purge valve.
F. Close the pipet valve and turn the power On to the
calorimeter. Permit water to flow through the system for a
few minutes. Refer to Figure 2-7, page 212.
G. If the water level goes below the low limit switch, the pump
will turn off. It will be necessary to add water to raise the
water level above the low limit switch.
H. Add 5 milliliters of wetting agent to the water return tank.
The wetting agent will improve water flow through the
system.
I. Insert the water return tank into the water reservoir and
slowly add approximately 7 liters of distilled water into the
water return tank. When the water level stabilizes it should
be 31/4 inches (8.3 cm) below the rim of the water return
tank. If the water level is lower, add more water to reach
this point. If the water level goes beyond this point, an
alarm will sound and it will be necessary to drain some water
from the water reservoir tank.
J. Open the pipet valve and permit the pipet to fill. The water
level in the water return tank will drop. Do not add any more
water.
K. With 2000 ml of water in the bucket and 2000 ml of water in
the pipet, the level of water in the water return bucket
should be just above the filter holder.
MONITOR
COM 5
COM 6
COM 4
COM 2
COM 3
SWITCH
ON/OFF
POWER
FUSE
COM 1
KEYBOARD
MOUSE
AC POWER
PRINTER
POWER CORD
SWITCH ACCESS
BREAKER
VOLTAGE
CIRCUIT
DOOR
O2 IN
RETURN TANK
JACKET
DRAIN
TANK
CONNECTOR
WATER
DRAIN
O2 OUT
FAN FILTER
SWITCH
776-465
FILL
HOSE ASSEMBLY
VESSEL CHARGING
776-692
COMBUSTION
ASSEMBLY
O2 REGULATOR
608-658
774-235
OXYGEN
Figure 2-1
Facility Requirements
VOLTAGE SELECT SWITCH
(ACCESS DOOR REMOVED)
115 V~
230 V~
POWER CORD
POWER
SWITCH
FUSE
Figure 2-2
Voltage Select Switch
Figure 2-3
Igniter Fuse Switch Position
POWER CORD
BLACK GREEN
POWER
115 V~
NEUTRAL WHITE
0 V~ BLACK WHITE
GROUND GREEN
CHASSIS
(CABINET)
GROUND
115 V~ WIRING DIAGRAM (U.S.A.)
POWER CORD
POWER BROWN
220 V~
NEUTRAL LIGHT BLUE
0 V~
GROUND GREEN/YELLOW
CHASSIS
(CABINET)
GROUND
220 V~ 3 WIRE WIRING DIAGRAM INTERNATIONAL
PLUG BLACK
BLACK T
POWER Y Y
115 V~ GREEN/YELLOW GREEN/ LIGHT *
GROUND G G YELLOW G B BLUE
230 V~ 115 V~ BLACK
POWER X X
LIGHT BLUE X
B B
BLACK
CHASSIS
(CABINET)
RECEPTACLE GROUND
* BLUE WIRE IS CUT OFF INSIDE THE UNIT AND IS NON-FUNCTIONAL
230 V~ 3 WIRE WIRING DIAGRAM U.S.A.
PLUG BLACK
BLACK T
POWER Y Y
115 V~ 230 V~ GREEN/YELLOW GREEN/ LIGHT *
GROUND G G YELLOW G BLUE
B
115 V~ BLACK
POWER X X
0 V~ LIGHT BLUE
NEUTRAL B X
B
BLACK
CHASSIS
(CABINET)
RECEPTACLE GROUND
* BLUE WIRE IS CUT OFF INSIDE THE UNIT AND IS NON-FUNCTIONAL
230 V~ 4 WIRE CENTER TAPPED WIRING DIAGRAM U.S.A.

Figure 2-4
Power Cord Wiring Diagram
608-751
FILTER
HOLDER
502-296
WATER
RETURN
FILTER
608-750
0-RING
608-749
FILTER
SCREEN
608-747
WATER RETURN
TANK
608-876
CLAW
608-665
190-381 (2 REQ'D)
2000 ML
608-748 SCREW PIPETTE TANK
WATER RETURN (2 REQ'D)
TANK
STAND-OFF
(3 REQ'D)
773-162
BUTTON
CAP
608-671
PARTICLE
FILTER
515-149
GROMMET
608-762-004
TUBING
190-269
SCREW
608-668 (2 REQ'D)
BRACE 193-185
WASHER
(2 REQ'D)
608-666 608-667
BLOCK HOLDER BASE
193-110 190-332
WASHER SCREW
(2 REQ'D) (2 REQ'D)
Figure 2-5
Pipet and Water Return Tank Filter

WATER
RETURN TANK
COMBUSTION
VESSEL
BUCKET LID
HEAT
EXCHANGER
PUMP
PURGE VALVE
Figure 2-6
Pump Purge Valve Location

VALVE OPEN VALVE CLOSED
WATER FLOWS THROUGH PIPET

FILL BUCKET
Figure 2-7
Pipet Valve Positions
The Wash Basin Assembly shown below is an optional accessory.

Refer to Optional Equipment, page 125.

SAMPLE HOLDER
608-655
FILAMENT
FUSE HOLDER 608-879
608-658 SAMPLE HOLDER
COMBUSTION BRACKET
VESSEL
CHARGER
ASSEMBLY
608-780
COMBUSTION
VESSEL
HANDLE
608-656
COMBUSTION VESSEL
FILL NOZZLE
HOLDER
608-866
COMBUSTION
VESSEL
DISCHARGE
HOSE DRAIN
608-946
BASIN SHELF
Figure 2-8
Wash Basin Assembly

International Installation
For international installation, a HAR approved line cord for use in the
end country must be obtained. This product requires a disconnect
device that may either be the plug of the power cord or a disconnect
device installed at the installation site if the equipment is permanently
wired.
When the plug on the power supply cord is intended to serve as the
disconnect device, the socket/outlet must be installed near the
equipment and shall be easily accessible. When the wiring is
permanently connected, a disconnect device (such as a circuit breaker
or switch) must be lockable, installed near the equipment, and be
easily accessible.

Computer Installation
Supplied with the computer system is a serial port extender card.

This card adds 4 more serial ports to the computer, making a total of
6. If the computer was purchased from LECO the serial card will be
installed.
1. Install the Computer System. In addition to these instructions,

refer to the manual supplied with the computer.
2. Connect one end of the Serial Cable to the Data Transmit
connector on the calorimeter. Refer to Figure 2-1, page 27.
3. Connect the other end of the Serial Cable to a Serial Interface
connector on the computer (for a system with one calorimeter
this will be COM 3.
4. Connect the Video Cable from the monitor to the monitor
connector on the rear of the computer.
5. Connect the cables from the keyboard and mouse to the
computer.
6. If an optional Balance was purchased with the instrument connect
the balance cable to the interface connector on the rear of the
balance and connect the other end of the cable to serial port COM
2 on the computer. Refer to Balance Installation, page 33.
7. If an optional Printer was purchased with the instrument connect
the printer cable to the printer port on the rear of the computer.
If may be necessary to install the printer software on the
computer. Wait until the complete system is installed and then
follow the instructions supplied with the printer to install it. Refer
to Printer Installation, page 37.
8. Connect the AC power cables from the computer, monitor,
balance and printer to facility AC power. DO NOT turn the
computer on until instructed to do so.
Serial Port Device Interfaced to Serial Port

COM 1 Data Transmit (Peripheral Device)
COM 2 Balance
COM 3 Calorimeter 1
COM 4 Calorimeter 2
COM 5 Calorimeter 3
COM 6 Calorimeter 4

Data Transmit Installation
The data output is RS-232.

All character generation is coded in ASCII or
UNICODE format.
Special characters (such as expanded print
characters) are filtered out.
1. Connect the Data Transmit Connector on the computer (COM 1)

to the proper serial connector on the peripheral device.
2. Configure the instrument's output to match that of the peripheral
device. Refer to Transmit Data Communications Settings, page
547, for the configuration procedure.
3. To transmit data automatically, refer to Transmit Data
Automation Tab, page 546.
This procedure configures the hardware for Data Transmission. See
Transmit Format Configuration, page 543, to configure the Data
Transmission Format.

3 Option Installation
Illustrations .................................................................................. 32
Balance Installation ....................................................................... 33
Preparing the Balance ............................................................... 33
Setting the Data Characters Parameters ...................................... 34
Setting Up Communication with Balance ..................................... 35
Testing the Balance .................................................................. 36
Resetting the Balance ............................................................... 36
Entering Sample Weight from Balance ........................................ 36
From the Sample Login Dialog Box ........................................ 36
Directly into the Sample Grid ................................................ 36
Printer Installation......................................................................... 37
Smartline Installation .................................................................... 38
Modem Installation ................................................................... 38
NetOp Software Installation ..................................................... 39
Option Installation AC500 31

Illustrations
Figure 3-1 Balance Control Panel ......................................................34
32 AC500 Option Installation

Balance Installation
A Sartorious analytical balance is available as an option. The

following procedures should be performed to install a 4 or 5 place
balance. For further information, refer to the manual supplied with the
balance.
The instrument will only support Sartorious analytical balances.
Other balances may be used; however, LECO is not responsible for
their installation or proper operation.
After the balance is set, do not change any of the configuration
parameters. The configuration parameters can be changed to custom
configure the balance but only after the installation procedure is
completed and the balance is properly operating with the instrument.
To restore the balance to factory defaults, refer to Resetting the

Balance, page 36.
1. Set up the balance in the location where it will be used. Refer to

Preparing the Balance below.
2. Follow the procedure in Setting the Data Characters Parameters,
page 34.
3. Set up communication between the balance and instrument
software. Refer to Setting Up Communication with Balance,
page 35.
4. Test the balance to ensure proper operation. Refer to Testing the
Balance, page 36.
Preparing the Balance

1. Unpack the Balance and assemble it as shown in the manual
supplied with the balance.
2. Plug the AC adapter, supplied with the balance, into facility
power.
3. Connect the AC adapter cable to the power-input jack on the rear
of the balance.
4. Locate the level bubble on the rear of the balance and adjust the
balance feet to level the balance. The balance is level when the
level bubble is positioned in the center of the circle.
5. Connect the balance interface cable to com 1 on the PC tower and
the balance connector on the rear of the balance.

Figure 3-1
Balance Control Panel
Setting the Data Characters Parameters

Set the data character parameter to 16 code 7_2_1 using this
procedure.
1. Turn the AC power on to the balance by pressing the power
button. As soon as all segments on the display illuminate, push
Tare. The display will be blank briefly and then the menu code
settings will appear.
2. Press CAL to display 7 as the left digit.
3. Press Print to display the center digit.
4. Press CAL to display 2 as the center digit.
5. Press Print to display the right digit.
6. Press CAL to display 1 as the right digit.
7. Press and hold Tare until parameters are set.

Setting Up Communication with Balance
The following section explains how to set up communication between
the computer and the external balance.
1. From the Configuration menu, click System. The System
Configuration window will appear.
2. Click the Balance tab. The Balance Configuration screen will
appear.
3. For Port, click the arrow and select the port location from the list
that matches the port selected on the PC tower. Default is COM1.
4. For Baud Rate, click the arrow and select the baud rate from the
list. Refer to the Sartorius Instruction Manual. Default is 1200
bps.
5. For Data Bits, click the arrow and select the number of data bits
from the list. Refer to the Sartorius Instruction Manual. Default is
7.
6. For Parity, click the arrow and select either odd or even. Refer to
the Sartorius Instruction Manual. Default is Odd.
7. For Stop Bits, click the arrow and select either 1 or 2 from the
list. Refer to the Sartorius Instruction Manual. Default is 1.
8. For Readability, the default is 4.
9. For Balance Mode, select Normal if a balance is connected to the
system. Select Disabled if a balance is not connected to the
system.
10. For Send Command, click the arrow and select the desired
command from the list. The default is <ESC>P<CR><LF>.
11. For Tare Command, click the arrow and select the desired
command from the list. The default is <ESC> T.

12. Click Print to print a copy of the balance parameters, if desired.
13. Use Test Commands when it is necessary to check the operation
of the balance. Click Send to send a weight from the balance.
When operational, the balance reading will display in the
spreadsheet. Click Tare to set the balance display to zero.
Testing the Balance

From the Configuration menu, select System, select the Balance tab,
and then select Send. The weight displayed in the Weight from Balance
box should match the weight displayed on the balance.
Resetting the Balance

The following section explains how to restore the balance to factory
defaults. Consult LECO Service before resetting the balance to factory
defaults.
1. Turn the AC power on to the balance by pushing the power on
button. Refer to Figure 3-1.
2. As soon as all the segments on the display light, push the Tare
button. The display will blank for a few seconds and then the
menu code settings will appear.
3. Press CAL to display 9 in the left digit. Refer to Figure 3-1.
4. Press Print to skip the center digit.
5. Press CAL to display 1 as the right digit. Refer to Figure 3-1.
6. Press TARE and hold it for 2 seconds or more.
7. Set the data characters parameters. Refer to Setting the Data
Characters Parameters, page 34.
8. Continue with testing the balance. Refer to Testing the Balance,
page 36.
Entering Sample Weight from Balance

To receive weights from the balance, the Balance (F4) on the Toolbar
must be selected or Balance must be selected from the sample menu.
From the Sample Login Dialog Box

1. From the Samples menu, click Login.
2. Click Balance to enter a weight from an external balance.
Directly into the Sample Grid

1. Place the crucible on the balance.
2. Press Tare on the balance.
3. Place the sample in the crucible.
4. Press Print on the balance or click the Samples menu and select
Balance (F4). The sample mass will be entered into the first row
of the sample grid without a mass entry.

Printer Installation
A printer is not supplied with the instrument. It must be purchased

separately. Refer to Optional Equipment, page 125, for more
information.
1. Shut down and turn off the computer system if necessary.

2. Unpack the Printer and locate the printer interface cable.
3. Refer to the installation instructions supplied with the printer.
Install the printer on the work surface and attach all necessary
cables and components.
4. Refer to the installation instructions supplied with the printer and
install the printer software. This will require turning on the
computer system and printer. It is not necessary to turn on the
instrument at this time.
5. After the printer is installed and tested turn the computer and
printer OFF.

Smartline Installation
Smartline provides an on-line support connection between your

instrument and LECO's Technical Service department. This section
contains detailed instructions for the installation of Smartline to an
existing computer system and the necessary steps required to install
the software and external modem.
For part number and ordering information refer to Optional
Equipment, page 125.
Modem Installation
1. Turn the instrument and computer off.
2. Unpack the Smartline package. Refer to Components and
Accessories List, page 127, for package contents.
3. Connect the modem to the rear of the computer using the modem
cable.
4. Connect the power cube, supplied with the modem, to the power
input jack on the modem.
5. Connect the modem to the same outlet as the computer.
6. Turn the modem, computer, and instrument on.
7. Insert the Modem Installation CD-ROM in the CD-ROM disk drive
(typically D:). The Installation program should start
automatically.
8. When the Welcome screen is displayed, click Next.
9. When the Installation screen is displayed, select Software then
select US Robotics control center and click Install.
10. When the Setup screen is displayed, click Next then Next again.
The program will automatically choose the best location (folder)
in which to install the program.
11. Click OK when finished.
POSSIBLE PROGRAM ERROR

Disregard any further software installation beyond this
point. Click Cancel to close the pop-up window.
12. Turn the computer off then back on again to reboot the system to
activate the modem software.
13. After Modem Installation, page 38, the NetOp software must be
installed. Refer to NetOp Software Installation and install the
software, page 39.

NetOp Software Installation
1. Insert the NetOp Installation CD-ROM in the CD-ROM disk drive

(typically D:). The Installation program should start
automatically.
2. The first screen displayed is the Language Selection screen.
Select the appropriate language then click Install.
3. Select Windows then click Yes to accept the license agreement.
4. When the Registration screen is displayed, enter the HOST
registration numbers. The HOST registration number can be
found on the back of the NetOp Installation CD-ROM jewel case.
5. Click Next. The program will automatically choose the best
location (folder) in which to install the program.
6. Click Next. The files will be copied into this location.
7. Click OK when finished.
8. Turn the computer on.
9. Double-click the Connect to LECO icon on the computer desktop.
10. Click in the check box next to U.S. Robotics 56K Fax Ext.
11. Click Wait For Call then contact LECO Service department
(269-982-5497) to confirm Smartline is working properly.

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4 System Setup
Illustrations .................................................................................. 43
Controls and Indicators .................................................................. 44
Software Main Window ................................................................... 47
Menu Bar ..................................................................................... 48
Database Menu ................................................................... 48
Edit Menu ........................................................................... 48
View Menu ......................................................................... 49
Samples Menu .................................................................. 410
Configuration Menu ........................................................... 411
Diagnostics Menu .............................................................. 411
Maintenance Menu ............................................................ 412
Help Menu ........................................................................ 412
Dialog Box Buttons ................................................................. 412
Using Toolbars ............................................................................ 414
Toolbar ................................................................................. 414
Customizing Sample Spreadsheet .................................................. 415
Customizing Font and Columns ................................................ 415
Modifying Font .................................................................. 415
Modifying Columns ............................................................ 416
Navigating Sample Spreadsheet ............................................... 417
Column Scroll Bar Menu ..................................................... 417
Row Scroll Bar Menu .......................................................... 418
Navigating the Spreadsheet Using the View Menu ................. 418
Importing Sample Data ................................................................ 419
Format Sample Data ............................................................... 419
Importing Sample Data into Spreadsheet .................................. 420
Creating Sample Templates .......................................................... 421
Creating Transmission Formats ..................................................... 422
Creating and Modifying Transmission Formats ............................ 422
Properties Dialog Box.............................................................. 422
Fields Tab ........................................................................ 422
Delimiters Tab .................................................................. 423
Automation Tab ................................................................ 424
Communication Settings Tab .............................................. 425
Advanced Tab ................................................................... 426
System Setup AC500 41

Preview Tab ...................................................................... 427
Creating Export Format ................................................................ 428
Creating and Modifying Export Formats ..................................... 428
Properties Dialog Box.............................................................. 428
Filename Tab .................................................................... 428
Fields Tab ........................................................................ 429
Delimiters Tab .................................................................. 429
Automation Tab ................................................................ 430
Advanced Tab ................................................................... 431
Preview Tab ...................................................................... 431
Determining User Permissions....................................................... 432
Adding User in Windows OS ..................................................... 432
Adding Users to Instrument Software ....................................... 432
Changing Users in Windows OS ................................................ 432
Deleting Users in the Instrument Software ................................ 433
Adding or Changing User Permission for Instrument ................... 434
Selecting a Language ................................................................... 436
Configuring the System ................................................................ 437
Balance Configuration ............................................................. 439
Balance Configuration Definitions ........................................ 440
Test Commands ................................................................ 440
Serial Port Configuration ......................................................... 440
Defining Calibration Standards ...................................................... 442
Logging in Using a Calibration Standard .................................... 443
Sample Templates ....................................................................... 444
Create a Sample Template ...................................................... 444
Delete a Sample Template ....................................................... 445
Edit the Sample Template List............................................. 445
Logging in Using a Sample Template ........................................ 446
Using Sample Filters .................................................................... 447
Filters Dialog Box Buttons ....................................................... 447
Adding Filters ................................................................... 447
Filter Properties ................................................................ 448
Deleting Filters ................................................................. 449
Predefined Filters ................................................................... 449
Modifying Predefined Filter ................................................. 450
Creating and Modifying User Defined Fields .................................... 451
Functions .............................................................................. 452
Number Formatting ................................................................ 453
42 AC500 System Setup

Illustrations
Figure 4-1 Controls and Indicators ...................................................46


Controls and Indicators
Refer to Figure 4-1, page 46, for locations of controls and indicators.
Switches power on and off to the calorimeter. The

Power On/Off Switch Power On/Off Switch is located on the rear of the
Calorimeter.
Permits the calorimeter to be operated from
either 115 V~ or 230 V~. The voltage select
switch is located inside the calorimeter on the top
Voltage Select Switch of the power supply assembly. Remove the access
door on the rear of the calorimeter to change the
switch position. Refer to Installing Calorimeter,
page 23, for additional information.
Attaches to the combustion vessel and permits
Combustion Vessel Charger the operator to fill the combustion vessel with
oxygen.
Starts the flow of oxygen into the combustion
vessel. After the combustion vessel fill nozzle is
attached to the combustion vessel, press the
Combustion Vessel Fill Switch to start the flow of
Combustion Vessel Fill
oxygen. To abort and stop the flow of oxygen into
Switch
the combustion vessel, after 5 seconds, press the
Combustion Vessel Fill Switch again. The flow of
oxygen will automatically shut off after the
oxygen pressure has reached 420 psi (28.96 bar).
Measures the oxygen pressure in the combustion
Combustion Vessel Oxygen
vessel after attaching the combustion vessel fill
Pressure Gauge
nozzle.
The combustion vessel bucket is located under
the combustion vessel bucket lid. It contains the
Combustion Vessel Bucket
combustion vessel and holds the measured water
during sample analysis.
Combustion Vessel Cleaning Used to clean and prepare the combustion vessel
Station for analysis.
The operator interface with the calorimeter, which
Computer System (not
is used to control operation, process results and
shown)
transfer result data.

608-802 608-747
RESERVOIR WATER
COVER RETURN TANK
BUCKET 608-665
LID 2000 ML
PIPET TANK
608-671
PARTICLE
FILTER
608-658
COMBUSTION
VESSEL CHARGER
589-923
COMBUSTION
VESSEL FILL
SWITCH
608-662
PIPET OXYGEN
VALVE PRESSURE
GAUGE
608-948
COMBUSTION
VESSEL CLEANING/
WASH BASIN
STATION
Figure 4-1
Controls and Indicators

Software Main Window
The software is used to operate the AC500 Calorimeter and process

acquired sample data for precision analytical results.
The main window of the software displays the Title Bar, Menu Bar,
Spreadsheet, and Dashboard. The Status Bar and Toolbar will appear if
selected on the View menu. For further information about enabling the
Status Bar and Toolbar, refer to the View Menu, page 49.
The Title bar identifies the sample filter that is applied to the samples
and provides the buttons to minimize, maximize, and close the
software main window.
The Menu bar, page 48, provides menus that perform various
operations in the software.
A Toolbar provides quick access to frequently used functions. Refer to
Using Toolbars, page 414, for a description of the two Toolbars that
are available.
The Spreadsheet displays sample data. The fields displayed in the
spreadsheet will vary, depending on the fields designated as visible in
the Sample Display dialog box.
The Dashboard can be configured in many ways, including Bucket
Temperature (C) vs. time (sec); Jacket Temperature (C) vs. time
(sec); Filtered Bucket Temperature (C) vs. time (sec); Filtered Jacket
Temperature (C) vs. time (sec). Refer to Customizing Software Main
Window, page
The Log Bar (not shown) can be selected from the View menu to
appear in the main window; however, the log bar will always appear in
the main window to display communication failures, errors, and
aborted analyses whether or not it has been selected from the View
menu. When the Log Bar is selected on the View menu, however, it
will display when any action is logged. The Log Bar will disappear from
the main window once the View Log File button has been clicked. Refer
to View Menu, page 49.
The Status Bar displays operational prompts and status messages.
Refer to View Menu, page 49.

Menu Bar
The following section explains the menus available on the menu bar.
Database Menu
Selections on the Database menu are available when logging has been
enabled for a database connection. Refer to Managing Databases,
page 454.
Presentation Time: Refer to Presentation Time,
page 468.
View History: Refer to View History, page 469.
Archive Log: Refer to Archive Log, page 470.
Delete by Date Refer to Delete by Date, page
471.
Exit: Select Exit to close the software program.
Edit Menu
Select the Edit menu to access commands for entering sample data
into the spreadsheet.
Insert: Refer to Inserting a Sample Out of Sequence,
page 525.
Fill: Refer to Repeating Data in Multiple Cells,
page 525.
Cut: Select Cut to remove data from an entire row in
the spreadsheet to the clipboard. Data can then be
pasted into another row.
Copy: Select Copy to duplicate data from a row in the
spreadsheet to the clipboard. Data can then be pasted
into another row of the spreadsheet, duplicating the
copied row.
Paste: Select Paste to insert data from the clipboard to
a selected row in the spreadsheet.

View Menu
Select the View menu to enable or disable the Toolbar, Status Bar, and
Log Bar, and to navigate the spreadsheet.
Toolbar: Select Toolbar to display the
Toolbar in the software main window. A
means the Toolbar will appear in the
software main window. To hide the Toolbar,
click the and it will not display.
Status Bar: Select Status Bar to enable or
disable the Status Bar in the software main
window. A means the Status Bar will
appear in the software main window. To
hide the Status Bar, click the and it will
not display.
Log Bar: Select Log Bar to enable or
disable the Log Bar in the software main
window. A means the Log Bar will appear
in the software main window. To hide the
Log Bar, click the and it will not display.
First Row: Select First Row to access the
first row in the spreadsheet.
Analysis Row: Select Analysis Row to
access the row that contains the next
sample to be analyzed in the spreadsheet.
Last Row: Select Last Row to select the
last row in the spreadsheet.

Samples Menu
Select the Samples menu to perform operations for sample data.
Login: Refer to Logging In a Sample, page 55.
Balance: Refer to Preparing the Balance, page 33.
Analyze: Refer to Analyzing a Sample, page 521.
Abort: Stop an analysis in progress.
Recalculate: Refer to Recalculating Results,
page 527.
Transmit: Refer to Transmitting Selected Samples,
page 550.
Print: Refer to Printing Analysis Results, page 530.
Print Preview: Refer to Configuring Report Before
Printing, page 530.
Print Setup: Change the paper size, orientation, or the
printer.
Text Import Data: Refer to Importing Sample Data,
page 419.
Text Export Data: Refer to Exporting Data,
page 534.
Text Export Buffers: Refer to Exporting Buffers, page
541.
Transfer Export: Refer to Transferring Export, page
551.
Transfer Import: Refer to Transferring Import, page
552.
Sign: Refer to Applying Sample Signatures, page 528.
View Signatures: Refer to View Signatures,
page 529.
Delete: Refer to Deleting a Sample, page 526.
View History: Refer to View History, page 469.

Configuration Menu
Select the Configuration menu to configure instrument parameters for
sample analysis.
Calibration: Set the accuracy of the instrument to
that of known calibration standard samples. Refer to
Calibration, page 524.
Standards: Refer to Standard Calibration,
page 524.
Methods: Refer to Creating or Modifying Methods,
page 517.
Counters: Refer to Maintenance Counters, page 64.
User Defined Fields: Refer to Creating and
Modifying User Defined Fields, page 451.
Sample Templates: Refer to Creating Sample
Templates, page 421.
System: Refer to Configuring System, page 437.
Users - Refer to Adding or Changing User Permission
for Instrument, page 434.
Transmission Formats: Refer to Creating
Transmission Formats, page 422.
Text Export Formats: Refer to Creating Export
Format, page 428.
Select Language: Refer to Selecting a Language,
page 436.
Auto Widths: Adjust the width of each cell so that
all of the text within each cell appears.
Display: Refer to Customizing Sample Spreadsheet,
page 415.
Diagnostics Menu
Select the Diagnostics menu to monitor the instrument and help
maintain proper instrument operation.
Chart: Refer to Monitoring Ambient Chart, page 83.
Solenoids/Switches: Refer to Solenoids and
Switches, page 85.
Hardware Calibration: Refer to Hardware
Communications: Refer to Communications, page
814.

Maintenance Menu
Select the Maintenance menu to log in periodic maintenance or to view
the instrument log file.
Login: Refer to Logging In Periodic Maintenance, page
67.
View Log File: Refer to Viewing Log File, page 68.
Help Menu
Select the Help menu to access further information about the
instrument.
Information and Help: Select Information and Help
to access the instruction manual in a pdf.
About: Select About to access instrument
information such as the version number, serial
number, and copyright information and to register the
instrument using the Edit License dialog box. Refer to
Registering the Software, page 922.
Dialog Box Buttons

The following table explains the buttons available on dialog boxes
throughout the ACWIN software.
Button Action
Inserts a row into a table or provides the ability to add a
new item such as a method name.
Select Ascending, and items will appear in alphabetical
and/or numerical order from lowest to highest.
Clone appears on the Methods dialog box.
1. Select the method to be cloned.
2. Click Clone. The new method is inserted above the
cloned method with the same name plus a dash and
the number one (-1).
3. Select the new method, rename the method, and then
enter parameters for the method. Refer to Creating or
Modifying Methods, page 517.
4. Click OK to close the Method dialog box.
1. Select the desired item to remove. A dialog box will
display to verify the delete.
2. Click OK.
Methods can be deleted unless referenced by samples.
Moves an item to a lower position, which means it will
display later in a table or list.

Button Action
Select Descending, and the items will appear in
alphabetical and/or numerical order from highest to
lowest.
Click to access the Export dialog box. Refer to Exporting
Methods, page 534.
Click the Help button to access the instruction manual

in a pdf.
Click to access the Import dialog box. Refer to Importing

Methods, page 542.
Provides another option for adding a row to a table where
desired. The inserted new row will be placed above the
selected row; therefore, click on the row beneath the
desired location for the new row before clicking Insert.
Click to print an item.
Moves an item to a higher position, which means it will

display earlier in a table or list.
Click Properties to determine the values, settings, or

parameters for a particular area.

Using Toolbars
A toolbar provides buttons that provide the means to quickly perform

main tasks. There are two toolbars available in the software as
explained in the following section. Refer to Toolbar, below. Refer to the
View Menu, page 49, for instructions to display the toolbars.
Toolbar
Toolbar Button Action
Select F1 to access the electronic version of the instruction

manual.
Select F3 to access the Sample login menu and log in a sample.

Select the arrow to access another menu for login or drift sample
login. Refer to Logging in a Sample, page 55.
Select F4 to display the mass value for a sample in the

spreadsheet.
Refer to Analyzing a Sample, page 521.
Select F6 to stop an analysis.
Select F7 to turn the water pump on and off.

Customizing Sample Spreadsheet
This section explains how to customize the font and columns in the
spreadsheet and how to navigate the spreadsheet.
Customizing the samples that display can be accomplished using
sample filters. Refer to Using Sample Filters, page 447.
Customizing Font and Columns

1. Select Configuration and then select Display or right-click
anywhere in the spreadsheet and then select Properties. The
Fields tab will display automatically.
2. Use the tabs on the Sample Display dialog box to change the
spreadsheet display. Refer to Modifying Columns, page 416, and
Modifying Font, below.
Modifying Font
Use the Font dialog box to change the font, style, and size of text.
The current selections are highlighted and appear in the boxes.
1. Right-click anywhere in the spreadsheet and select Properties or
click the Configuration menu and select Display.
2. Click the Font tab.
3. While making changes, use Sample Text to view the text as it will
display before accepting the changes.
4. Change the Font Name, Style, or Size by single-clicking the
desired selection in the list.
5. Select OK when the text displays as desired.

Modifying Columns
Use the Fields tab to display or hide columns and to change the order
of the columns in a spreadsheet. For definitions of the columns that
display in the spreadsheet, refer to Glossary, page 121. Customized
column headings can also be created with User Defined Fields. Refer to
Creating and Modifying User Defined Fields, page 451.
Locked columns is not available on the Report Settings Fields tab.
To display a column, select the desired column in Invisible Fields and

then select Show or double-click on the name of the desired column in
Invisible Fields.
To remove a column from a display, select the column in Visible Fields
and then select Hide or double-click on the name of the desired
column in Visible Fields.
Select Default to restore the columns that are preset to display.
For Locked Columns, enter a value to lock the leftmost columns so
that these columns are always displayed when scrolling left or right on
the spreadsheet. For example, if 4 is entered in the locked columns
entry box, the first four columns listed in Visible Fields will display
even when the scroll arrows are moved to the end of the spreadsheet.

Navigating Sample Spreadsheet
The spreadsheet can contain numerous rows and columns. Use the
row scroll bar menu and column scroll bar menu to easily navigate the
data in the spreadsheet.
To access these menus, right-click on the column scroll bar to page
through the columns or right-click on the scroll bar the row scroll bar
to page through the rows. The column scroll bar is only available when
there are several columns displayed in the spreadsheet. Refer to
Column Scroll Bar Menu, below, and Row Scroll Bar Menu, page 418.
Column Scroll Bar Menu

Scroll Here displays the data at a certain location in
the spreadsheet. For example, to display columns
near the end of the spreadsheet, right-click on the
right most side of the column scroll bar and then
select Scroll Here. The last columns in the
spreadsheet will display.
Left Edge displays the first column of the
spreadsheet.
Right Edge displays the last column of the
spreadsheet.
Depending on the point selected on the column scroll
bar, Page Left will go to the left most point
equivalent to one page.
bar, Page Right will go to the right most point
bar, Scroll Left moves the spreadsheet to the left by
one column.
bar, Scroll Right moves the spreadsheet to the right
by one column.

Row Scroll Bar Menu
Scroll Here displays the data at a certain location
in the spreadsheet. For example, to display rows
near the middle of the spreadsheet, right-click near
the middle of the row scroll bar and then select
Scroll Here. Rows near the middle of the
spreadsheet will display.
Top displays rows at the top of the spreadsheet.
Bottom displays rows at the bottom of the
spreadsheet.
Depending on the point selected on the column
scroll bar, Page Up will move the rows up
scroll bar, Page Down move the rows down
scroll bar, Scroll Up moves the spreadsheet up by
one row.
scroll bar, Scroll Down moves the spreadsheet
down by one row.
Navigating the Spreadsheet Using the View Menu

From the View menu, select First Row to go to the first row in the
spreadsheet.
Select Analysis Row to go to the row of the current sample to be
analyzed.
Select Last Row to go to the last row of the spreadsheet.

Importing Sample Data
Text Import Data provides the means to import sample data into the
instrument software. For example, the sample weights could be
obtained from a balance that is not connected to the instrument.
Sample information including the mass weight is then entered into a
text editing or spreadsheet program, and Text Import Data can be
used to import these sample weights into the sample spreadsheet.
Format Sample Data

1. Open a text editor such as Windows Notepad or spreadsheet
program such as Windows Excel.
A text editor such as Notepad is recommended. Some spreadsheet
software will insert quotation marks at the beginning and end of the
data. If quotation marks are inserted behind numerical data such as
the mass value, the numerical data may not display in the
spreadsheet.
2. Enter sample data into the text editor using the guidelines below.
Place the information for each sample on a separate line.
The following list shows the fields that can be entered and the
order in which they should appear: Sample Name, Mass,
Description, Comment, Operator.
An example of the correct format for sample data is shown

below.
If a field is missing from the first line or placed out of order in

any line, the information will not display in the correct
spreadsheet column.
If a field is left blank, the software will fill in the information
for that field from the previous sample. For example if the
first sample has Smith listed for Operator and the second
sample has a blank Operator field, the software will fill in
Smith for the blank field.
The fields can be separated by a comma or a tab.
3. Save the file in a .txt or .csv format.
4. Refer to Importing Sample Data into Spreadsheet, page 420.

Importing Sample Data into Spreadsheet
1. Select Samples on the Menu bar and then select Text Import
Data.
2. Select the file to import and click Open.
3. Verify the Sample Name, Mass, Description, Comment, Operator

columns display in the spreadsheet. If these columns do not
appear, refer to Modifying Columns, page 416.
4. The data from the text file will be imported into the spreadsheet
as shown below.

Creating Sample Templates
Sample templates provide a quick way for the operator to enter
repetitive information.
1. Select the Configuration menu and then select Sample Templates.
The Sample Templates dialog box will display.
For further information about the buttons in the Sample
Templates dialog box, refer to Dialog Box Buttons, page 412.
2. Select Add. A new row will display with Sample- in the Name
column.
3. Double-click in the Name column of the newly added row and
enter a new name for the sample, if desired.
4. Select a method for the sample from the menu. If the desired
method has not been created, refer to Creating or Modifying
Methods, page 517.
5. Enter information in the Comments and Description column, if
desired.
6. Click OK. The sample template can now be selected from the
Name column in the spreadsheet.
7. After a sample template has been created, samples can be easily
logged in to this template. Refer to Logging In Using Sample
Template, page 446.

Creating Transmission Formats
Transmission Formats allows sample data to be sent to another

computer that has been configured to receive the information.
The following section explains how to create and modify transmission
formats. To send sample data using a transmission format, refer to
Transmitting Results, page
Creating and Modifying Transmission Formats

The following section explains how to create and modify transmission
formats.
1. Select Configuration and then select Transmission Formats. The
Transmission Formats dialog will appear. For further information
about the Transmission Formats dialog box buttons, refer to
Dialog Box Buttons, page 412.
2. Select Add to insert a blank row into the table. Transmit- will
appear in the new row, which will be positioned above the
currently selected row.
3. Double-click in the Name column of the newly added row and
enter a new name for the sample.
4. Refer to Properties Dialog Box, below, to configure the
transmission format.
Properties Dialog Box
Fields Tab
Select Fields to determine the Fields that will transmit. Fields are
defined in the Glossary, page 121.
To transmit a field, select the field from the Fields selection box and
then select Add. To remove a field from transmit, select the field from
the Transmit selection box and then select Remove.
To change the order in which the fields will transmit, select the field to
move. Select Promote to move the field to a higher position or select
Demote to move the field to a lower position.

For Average, select the arrow and then select Off to transmit the
individual results for each sample. Select On to calculate and then
transmit an average value for each field selected. Select Group by
Sample Name to calculate an average value for each field and then
transmit the fields grouped by sample name.
Delimiters Tab
Select Delimiters to configure the display of the transmitted data.
1. Select the XML Format checkbox, and the data will export in XML
format. When the XML checkbox is cleared, data will transmit in
normal text.
2. Select the Column Headers check box to have the transmitted
data organized with column headers.
3. Select one delimiter as a means to separate the data. Comma
separates the data by commas; Tab separates the data by a
blank space equivalent to one tab; Other separates the data by a
user-determined punctuation mark or symbol.
4. Select how the Start of Transmission will appear. None displays
nothing before transmitted data; Other allows you to enter the
text or symbol that will appear, or you can click the arrow and
then select an item from the list.

5. Select how the End of Transmission will appear. Carriage Return
displays the data followed by a carriage return. Carriage Return
Followed by a Line Feed (CR/LF) displays the data followed by a
carriage return and line feed. Other allows you to enter the text
or symbol to display, or you can click the arrow and then select
an item from the list.
Automation Tab
On the Automation tab, select the Automatically Transmit Each New
Analysis checkbox, and each new analysis will transmit.

Communication Settings Tab
Select the Communication Settings to select the Encoding and Device.
Refer to Glossary, page 121, for definitions.
1. Select either ASCII or Unicode. Both ASCII and Unicode provide
the means for storing text. ASCII can represent a small number
of characters and is therefore useful only for English or other
Western languages. Unicode can represent a large number of
characters and is therefore useful for non-Western languages.
2. Select Serial Port and then select Configure to enter the serial
port parameters. Or, Select Network and then select Configure to
enter the Host Name and Host Port. Contact your system
administrator for these settings.

Advanced Tab
Select the Advanced tab to enter and modify the fields that are
transmitted. The Advanced tab provides almost the same function as
the Fields and Preview tabs except that in the Advanced tab, transmit
information can be changed or added directly in the Transmission
Format box.
To add a field to the Transmission Format, select the desired field from
the Fields selection box and then select Add Field to Transmit Format.
The field appears in the Export Format selection box.
In the Transmission Format box, information such as nested xml
formulas or formulas with complicated formatting can be typed or cut
and pasted into the box; however, the XML check box on the
Delimiters tab must be cleared. When additional information is entered
directly, it is not necessary to use []. The software uses [] to identify a
field. When transmit information is added or changed in the
Transmission Format box, the appearance of the transmission format
can be viewed using the Preview tab.

Numeric Field Formatting allows you to quickly enter number
formatting for all of the fields selected for transmit. Number Width
specifies the number of characters that will appear in the number
format and Precision specifies the number of places that display after
the decimal point. To change these values, enter a new value in the
box for Precision and/or for Width and then select Set to display the
format in the Transmission Format area. For example if 8 is entered
for Number Width and 3 is entered for Number Precision, 8.3 will
display for each field with numeric value results in the Transmission
Format area as shown below. Select Remove to remove number
formatting from the Transmission Format area.
Preview Tab
Select the Preview tab to display the appearance of the data before it
is transmitted. Any changes can then be made before the data is
actually transmitted. The following example displays the data with the
following parameters selected on the Delimiters tab: Column Headers
checkbox checked, comma checked for Delimiter, and the Carriage
Return checkbox checked for End of Transmission. Refer to Delimiters
Tab, page 423, to change any delimiters.
The way the date and time display can be changed using the Date
and Time Properties dialog box on the Microsoft Windows Control
Panel.

Creating Export Format
The following section explains how to create an export format to

export sample data to another system such as LIMS, to backup data to
a network, to export sample data to another program such as
Windows Excel, or to export sample data to another computer for
processing. For instructions to export data after creating an export
format, refer to Exporting Data, page 534.
Creating and Modifying Export Formats

1. Select Configuration and then select Text Export Data. The Export
Formats dialog box will display. For further information about the
Export Formats dialog box buttons, refer to Dialog Box Buttons,
page 412.
2. Select Add. Export- will display in the new row that has been
added to the Export Formats spreadsheet.
3. Double-click in the new row to change the name of the export, if
desired.
4. Select Properties and determine the properties of the text export
format. Refer to Properties Dialog Box, page 428.
Properties Dialog Box
Filename Tab
Use the Filename tab to configure the file for the export.
1. Enter the name for the file or select Browse and then select the
file from the list.
2. Select one of the following:
Select Append to File to attach the sample analysis data
highlighted in the spreadsheet to the previously saved file.

Select Automatically Increment Filename to automatically
increment the last characters in the filename by one if these
characters contain numbers when the file is saved.
Select Prompt for Filename to display the Export Format dialog
box and prompt the operator to enter a filename.
Fields Tab
Select Fields to determine the Fields that will transmit.
To export a field, select the field from the Fields selection box and then
select Add. To remove a field from export, select the field from the
Export selection box and then select Remove.
To change the order in which the fields will export, select the field to
move in the Export list box and then select Promote to move the field
to a higher position or select Demote to move the field to a lower
position.
For Average, select the arrow and then select Off to export the
individual results for each sample. Select On to calculate and then
export an average value for each field selected. Select Group by
Sample Name to calculate an average value for each field and then
export the fields grouped by sample name.
Delimiters Tab
Select Delimiters to configure the display of the exported data.
1. Select the XML Format checkbox, and the data will export in XML
format. When the XML checkbox is cleared, data will transmit in
normal text.
2. Select the Column Headers check box to have the exported data
organized with column headers.
3. Select one delimiter as a means to separate the data. Comma
separates the data by commas; Tab separates the data by a
blank space equivalent to one tab; Other separates the data by a
user-determined punctuation mark or symbol.

4. Select how the Start of Transmission will appear. None displays
nothing before exported data; Other allows you to enter the text
or symbol that will appear, or you can click the arrow and then
select an item from the list.
5. Select how the End of Line Delimiter will appear. Carriage Return
displays the data followed by a carriage return. Carriage Return
Followed by a Line Feed (CR/LF) displays the data followed by a
carriage return and line feed. Other allows you to enter the text
or symbol to display, or you can click the arrow and then select
an item from the list.
Automation Tab
On the Automation tab, select the Automatically Transmit Each New
Analysis checkbox, and each new analysis will transmit.

Advanced Tab
Select the Advanced tab to enter and modify the fields that are
exported. The Advanced tab provides almost the same function as the
Fields and Preview tabs except that in the Advanced tab, export
information can be changed directly in the Export Format box. When
export information is changed using the Advanced tab, the Fields tab
and Preview tab automatically update.
To add a field to the Export Format, select the desired field from the
Fields selection box and then select Add Field to Transmit Format. The
field appears in the Export Format selection box.
In the Export Format box, information such as nested xml formulas or
formulas with complicated formatting can be typed or cut and pasted
into the box; however, the XML check box on the Delimiters tab must
be cleared. When additional information is entered directly, it is not
necessary to use []. The software uses [] to identify a field. When
export information is added or changed in the Export Format box, the
appearance of the export format can be viewed using the Preview tab.
Numeric Field Formatting allows you to quickly enter number
formatting for all of the fields selected for export. Number Width
specifies the number of characters that will appear in the number
format and Precision specifies the number of places that display after
the decimal point. To change these values, just enter a new value in
the box for Precision and/or for Width and then select Set to display
the format in the Export Format area. For example if 8 is entered for
Number Width and 3 is entered for Number Precision, 8.3 will display
for each field with numeric value results in the Export Format area as
shown below. Select Remove to remove number formatting from the
Export Format area.
Preview Tab
Select the Preview tab to display the appearance of the data before it
is exported. Any changes can then be made before the data is actually
exported. The following example displays the data with the following
parameters selected on the Delimiters tab: Column Headers checkbox
checked, comma checked for Delimiter, and the Carriage Return
checkbox checked for End of Transmission. Refer to Delimiters Tab,
page 429.
The way the date and time display can be changed using the Date
and Time Properties dialog box on the Microsoft Windows Control
Panel.

Determining User Permissions
Users on the Configuration menu helps prevent unauthorized operation

by permitting the system administrator to assign permission for users
to perform selected functions in the instrument software. The following
section explains how to add users to the Windows OS (Operating
System) on the local pc and how to add users to the instrument
through a network/domain login.
Adding User in Windows OS

To add a user, refer to the Windows OS help system as follows:
1. From the desktop, click Start and then click on Help. Help may be
referred to as Help and Support depending on the Windows OS
that is used.
2. In the search box, type Users and Passwords.
3. Make a selection from the Users and Passwords options list, click
Display and follow the instructions provided.
Adding Users to Instrument Software

The following section explains how to add users to the instrument
software. This procedure applies when a user is not assigned in the
Windows OS on the local pc but will be logging onto the instrument
through a network/domain login.
1. On the Configuration menu, click Users. The Users dialog box will
appear.
2. On the Users dialog box, click Add. The word User will appear
under Name.
3. Click on User and type in the network/domain login for the user.
If the user identification entered here does not match the
required network/domain login for the user to log on to the pc
from a network, the user will not have the permissions designated
in the software.
4. Refer to Adding or Changing User Permission, page 434, for
Instrument for instructions to assign permissions to individual
users.
Changing Users in Windows OS

The following section explains how to change users. This procedure
applies both to users assigned in Windows and to users added to the
instrument on a network/domain login.
1. Close the software.
2. On the desktop, click Start and then click Log Off. This step will
vary depending on the Windows OS that is used.
3. Enter the username and password to log on the new user. This
step will vary depending on the Windows OS that is used.
4. Log in to the instrument.

Deleting Users in the Instrument Software
Only users added to the instrument on a network/domain login can be
deleted. Users assigned in the Windows OS cannot be deleted from the
Users dialog box.
1. Click Configuration and select Users. The Users screen will
appear.
2. Click on the name to be deleted and then click Delete. A message

dialog box will appear.
3. Click Yes to delete the username; click No to keep the username.

Adding or Changing User Permission for Instrument
Users names will appear in the Name column of the Users dialog box.
The current user logged into the Windows system will display in blue.
1. Click Configuration and select Users. The Users screen will
appear.
A. To disable all user permissions for a specific user, place a X
in the Guest column. When the user logs on to the system
they will be considered a Guest and will have READ-ONLY
access to the software. For Guest users, the check boxes
listed on the User Properties dialog will be cleared as they
cannot perform any of the tasks listed.
B. Select the Enable User Permissions check box and user
permissions will be checked during the operation of the
instrument. When the Enable User Permissions checkbox is
cleared, user permissions are not checked and all users can
perform any function on the instrument.
2. To assign user permissions, click on the name of a user.
3. If one user requires the exact same permissions as a user that

already has permissions assigned, the Same As column can be
used to save time.
A. Select the name of the user to add or change permission by
clicking in the Row column for that user.
B. Single-click in the Same As column.
C. From the list, select the name of the user that already has
the same permissions assigned.
4. Click Properties. The User Properties dialog box will appear.

5. Select the desired check boxes to assign or remove user
permission for the functions listed in the edit box. When an X
displays, the user has permission to perform that function.
6. Click OK when finished assigning permissions.

Selecting a Language
The Select Languages dialog box displays the different language

choices in the software.
1. From the Configuration menu, click Select language.
2. Select the desired language.

3. Select OK.

Configuring the System
System Configuration permits the operator to set the overall

instrument operating settings and parameter values for a desired
application.

Configuration screen will appear.
2. For Fuse Type. Selects Wire or Thread fuse to ignite the

combustion vessel.

3. For Fuse Length, enter the length (cm) of the fuse consumed
during an analysis. The default value for a wire fuse is 8.0. The
default value for the thread fuse is 10.0.
4. For Fuse Combustion Heat, enter the amount of heat (Btu),
caused by combustion of the fuse. The value entered should
be in units of (Btug) / (lbcm). The value is obtained by
multiplying the heat of combustion of the fuse given in Btu/cm
by 453.59 g/lb.
5. For Significant Digits, enter the Significant Digits to display the
analysis result. Default: 5.
6. Select the Result Basis of the final result. Default: Dry Ash Free.
7. Select the Hydrogen Basis, which is used to specify the basis for
the entered Hydrogen value. Default: As Determined.
8. Select the Standards Mode.
9. For Result Units, select the unit value for each result.
10. For Nitrogen Units, select the entry format for compensation of
nitric acid formation that occurs during combustion. Default: %,
percentage of nitrogen.
11. For Sulfur Unitsselect the entry format and calculation mode for
the energy of formation of sulfuric acid correction. Default:
Milliliters.
12. Normality (N)Used to enter the normality of the solution used in
the nitric acid titration. Default: 0.394 Normal.
13. Normality (S)Used to enter the normality of the solution used in
the sulfuric acid titration. Default: 0.1 Normal.
14. Abort on MisfireConfigures the calorimeter to stop the analysis
automatically if the bucket water temperature does not rise after
the start of analysis. The calorimeters microcomputer monitors
the bucket water temperature 30 seconds after current is
supplied to the fuse. If the water temperature has not risen after
30 seconds, the analysis is aborted. An Abort notice is displayed.
15. Fan ControlWhen enabled is selected the speed of the fan is
varied to maintain a constant jacket temperature. As the jacket
temperature increases, the speed of the fan increases. As the
jacket temperature decreases, the speed of the fan decreases.
When disabled the fan speed remains constant and the
temperature of the jacket will have no affect on fan speed.
16. Pump TimeoutSelect the amount of time that the pump will
remain on if the calorimeter is left idle. If no key is pressed on
the keyboard, or the mouse is not moved, the water pump will
automatically turn off when the pump time-out value is reached.
Range 1 to 28800 minutes.
17. Auto Increment Sample NameWhen enabled the sample name
is automatically incremented every time a sample is entered into
the sample grid. A number will appear after the sample name and
automatically increase by 1 as samples are entered. Selections:
Enabled or Disabled.

Balance Configuration
Configures the serial communication parameters of the computer to
communicate with the external balance.
The instrument will only support Sartorious four or five place
analytical balances. Other balances may be used; however, LECO is
not responsible for installation or proper operation.
Configuration window will appear.
2. Click the Balance tab. The Balance Configuration screen will
appear.
3. Enter the following parameter values. Refer to Balance

Configuration Definitions, page 440, for additional information.
Port COM2 (serial)

Baud Rate 1200
Data Bits 7
Parity Odd
Stop Bits 1
Readability 4
Balance Mode Normal
Send Command <ESC>P<CR><LF>
Tare Command <ESC> T
4. When finished, click OK.
Balance Configuration Definitions

Baud RateSets the data transmission speed in bits per second.
Selections: 1200, 2400, 4800, or 9600 bps. Default: 1200 bps
Data BitsUsed to select the number of bits per byte for data that will
be transmitted. Selections: 5 to 8. Default: 7
ParitySets the method of error checking used. Selections: Even,
Odd, or None. Default: Odd
Stop BitsUsed to select the number of bits that are used to signal the
end of a transmitted data byte. Selections: 1 or 2. Default: 1
ReadabilityThe number of digits sent from the balance that is
displayed on the sample grid. This number should equal the number of
places available from the balance. Default 4.
Balance ModeIf a balance is connected to the system set this
parameter to Normal. If there isnt a balance connected to the system
set this parameter to Disabled.
Send CommandThe command sent from the balance to enter the
weight in the sample grid. Default <ESC>P<CR><LF>
Tare CommandThe command sent from the computer to set the
weight displayed on the balance to zero. Default: <ESC> T
PrintClick Print to receive a printout of the system configuration
settings from the system printer. These may be saved for future
reference.
Test Commands
SendUsed to test the balance interface. Click Send to send and
display a weight sent from the balance to the computer. The weight
will appear in the sample grid.
TareUsed to test the balance interface. Click Tare to set the weight
displayed on the balance to zero.
Serial Port Configuration

Serial Port Configuration is used to configure the serial port to
communicate with the instrument.
When configuring the serial port do not use the same serial port that
the balance and data transmit are configured to use.

Configuration screen will appear.
2. Click the Serial Port tab. The Serial Port Configuration screen will
appear.
3. Click the drop down arrow in the serial port selection box and
select the serial port used to communicate with the instrument.
Selections are COM 1 through COM 8. The other entries on this
screen cannot be changed from their default settings.
4. When finished, click OK.

Defining Calibration Standards
Define Calibration Standards creates a list of calibration standards and

their certified values for use during calibration. Benzoic Acid is the
preferred standard for calibration. The lower control limit, or LCL, is
the minimum standard result value. If the standard result is below the
lower control limit, a notice will appear. The upper control limit, or
UCL, is the maximum standard result value. If the standard result is
above the upper control limit, a notice will appear. If an LCL or UCL
value is not entered analysis will continue regardless of the result
data.
1. From the Configuration menu, click Standards. The Standards
screen will appear.
2. Click Add to list a standard. A row will be added to the bottom of

the sample grid. Units will be the same as those set in System
Configuration.
3. Click the row and enter a standard name, value, lower control limit
(LCL) and upper control limit (UCL).
4. To move a selected standard up towards the top of the list select it
and click Promote.
5. To move the selected standard down towards the bottom of the list
select it and click Demote.
6. Select Ascending to list the standard in ascending alphabetical
order.
7. Select Descending to list the standard in descending alphabetical
order.
8. Click OK to save any changes and exit.

Logging in Using a Calibration Standard
An analysis method should be developed and a calibration sample
defined before a calibration sample is logged in. Refer to Create a
Method, page 517 and Define a Calibration Sample, page 442.
1. From the Samples menu, click Login. The Sample Login screen
will appear.
2. Click the drop down arrow to the right of sample name and enter
the desired sample name from the drop down list. The sample
name, method comments, and description will automatically be
entered into the sample grid.
3. Continue with sample login and enter the other necessary
information.

Sample Templates
Sample Templates is a quick way for the operator to enter repetitive

sample information.
Create a Sample Template

1. An analysis method should be developed before a sample is
logged in. Refer to Create a Method, page 517.
2. From the Configuration menu, click Sample Templates. The
Sample Templates screen will be displayed.
3. Click Add to create a method. A row will be added at the bottom

of the list. Enter a method name.
4. To change the name, select the default name by clicking the
name and entering a new name.
5. Click the method cell and enter a method.
6. Click the comments cell and enter any comments.
7. Click the description cell and enter a description.

Delete a Sample Template
1. From the Configuration menu, click Sample Templates. The
Sample Templates screen will appear.
2. Select the Sample Template to delete.

3. Click Delete. The Sample Template Delete screen will appear.
4. Click Yes to delete the sample template or No to exit without

deleting the sample template.
Edit the Sample Template List

1. Select a Sample Template and click Promote to move a selected
method up towards the top of the list.
2. Select a Sample Template and click Demote to move the selected
method down towards the bottom of the list
3. Select Ascending to list the transmission formats in ascending
alphabetical order.
4. Select Descending to list the transmission formats in descending
alphabetical order.
5. Select a Sample Template and click Delete to remove it from the
sample template list.

Logging in Using a Sample Template
An analysis method should be developed before a sample is logged in.
Refer to Create a Method, page 517.
will appear.
2. Click the drop down arrow to the right of sample name and select
the desired sample name from the drop down list. The sample
name, method comments, and description will automatically be
entered into the sample grid.
3. Continue with sample login and enter the other necessary
information. Refer to Sample Login for additional information.

Using Sample Filters
Use the Sample Filters command from the Configuration menu to

create filters that determine how the sample results are grouped in the
spreadsheet of the software main window. For example, sample results
can be grouped by a method name, a date range, or a sample name. A
filter can be created that selects all samples analyzed before a certain
date for deletion, or a filter can be created that selects all of Today's
results to transmit, export, or print. Some filters have been predefined
in the software. For further information, refer to Predefined Filters,
page 449. Filters can be set to automatically update. Refer to step 7,
page 449.
1. From the Configuration menu, click Sample Filters. The Sample
Filters dialog box will display.
2. To select a filter, click on the name of the filter in the Filters
dialog box and then click OK. To add a new filter, refer to Add
Filters, below.
3. Use the buttons on the Filters dialog box to modify or delete

filters if desired.
To modify the properties of filters, refer to Filter Properties, page
448.
To delete a filter, refer to Deleting Filters, page 449.
Filters Dialog Box Buttons
Adding Filters
Use the Add command to create a new filter.
1. To add a new filter, click Add. New Filter will display in the
Filters dialog box. Each time Add is clicked New Filter will
increment by one and display as New Filter 1, New Filter 2,
etc.

2. Click Properties to configure the filter. Refer to Filter Properties,
below.
Filter Properties
Use the Properties command to determine the parameters for a filter.
1. To determine or modify the properties for a filter, click on the
name of the filter in the Sample Filter dialog box and then click
Properties. The Sample Filters dialog box will display.
2. Click New Filter and then click Properties. The Sample Filter dialog
box will display.
3. In the Filter Name entry box, type in the name for the filter.
4. For Export Format, click the arrow to select the export format for
this filter.
5. For Transmit Format, click the arrow to select the transmit format
for this filter.
6. Add a parameter, delete a parameter, or modify columns for the
sample filter.
A. To add a parameter,
1) In the Field entry box, click the arrow and select the
desired field.
2) In the Compare entry box, click the arrow and select the
desired comparator. The comparator selections change
depending on the selected field.
3) In the With entry box, enter the desired parameter
depending on the selected field. For example, if Analysis
Date is selected for Field and On is selected for
Compare, in the With column, enter the desired date for
the analysis results.

4) Click Add to insert a new row.
5) In the And/Or entry box, click the arrow and make
desired selection.
6) Repeat steps 1) - step 5), above, until all parameters for
the filter have been determined.
B. To delete a parameter or all parameters, click in the desired
row, or select multiple rows by holding CTRL while selecting
rows.
C. To modify columns, click the Fields button. Refer to
Modifying Columns, page 416.
7. Determine Automatic Updates if desired by selecting the check
box. Filters that are based on time should be automatically
updated in order to ensure the selected sample results are
displayed accurately. When the check box is selected, the Start
Time and Update Frequency will be enabled.
A. For the Start Time, enter a date as MO/DD/YYYY and a time
as 00:00:00. The Start Time indicates the time the update
will first be applied.
B. For Update Frequency, select the check box for hours or
days and then enter a numerical value to indicate how often
the update will be applied.
Deleting Filters
Use the Delete command to remove sample filters from the Filters
dialog box.
1. Click on the desired sample to remove.
2. Click Delete.
Predefined Filters
Filters that may be frequently used have been predefined in the
software. Default filters are All Samples and Today's Samples. The
remaining filters that display are based on created methods. To select
a predefined filter, click on the name of the filter, and then click OK.

Modifying Predefined Filter
To modify a predefined filter, click on the name of the filter and then
select Properties. The Properties dialog box will display. Only the Fields
and Automatic Update of a predefined filter can be modified.
In the Sample Filter dialog box, the Filter Name displays the name of
the predefined filter. The Description explains the filter and whether or
not the fields or automatic updates can be modified. For example, for
All Samples, only the Fields can be modified. To modify the fields, click
the Fields button. For further information about the fields, refer to
Modifying Columns, page 416.
When the Automatically Reapply Sample Filter check box is checked,
the software will update the sample filter according to the parameters
entered for Start Time and Update Frequency. To determine the
automatic update, refer to step 7, page 449.

Creating and Modifying User Defined Fields
Adds unique fields to the sample grid and sample login screen. The
field can include a formula for calculation or contain only text.
1. From the Configuration menu, click User Defined Fields. The User
Defined Fields screen opens.
2. Click the Add button to add a user defined field to the sample
grid. The field will also appear on the Sample Login screen.
3. Click in the cell under name and enter a name for the added field.
4. If the field will be used for a calculation enter a formula for
calculation within the field. Refer to Functions, page 452.
5. Check Read Only to restrict the operator from making changes to
the field.
6. Check Numeric to restrict text from the field and only display
numeric information.
7. Under Format enter the number formatting. Refer to Number
Formatting, page 453.
8. Click OK to add the new user defined field to the sample grid and
sample login screen.
The term exp means expression, which may be a single number
or a function that returns a number.
The term cond(x) means a comparison user (<, >, =, etc. . . )
or the @AND, @OR, and @XOR functions.
The @IF function evaluates its condition expression and then
performs the operations in either the true or false section.

The values listed in the table below will be used in the following
examples.
Fuse Length 6.0 cm
Q (Btu/lb) 11280
Cv (Btu/lb) 11254
Nitrogen (%) 1.12
Sulfur (%) 0.68
Functions
Function Definition
+ Plus
- Minus
* Multiply
/ Divide
^ Raise to the power
= Equal
!= Not equal
> Greater than
>= Greater than or equal to
< Less than
<= Less than or equal to
Function Definition Example Function Result
[Analyte Name] Analyte [CV(Btu/lb)] 11254

concentration value
Average (element Average Analyte @Average [CV(Btu/lb)] 11254

name>) Concentration Value
@ABS(exp) Absolute value @ABS([Q(Btu/lb)]-[CV(Btu/lb]) 25.809
@LOG10(exp) Log base 10 @LOG10[CV(Btu/lb)] 4.0513
@Log(exp) Natural log @Log [CV(Btu/lb)] 9.3294
@SQRT(exp) Square root @SQRT [CV(Btu/lb)] 0.9363
@Maximum(exp1, exp2) Finds Maximum @Maximum 11280s

([Q(Btu/lb)],[CV(Btu/lb)])
@Minimum(exp1, exp2) Finds Minimum @Minimum 11254

[(Q(Btu/lb)],[CV(Btu/lb)]
@Calculate(exp, Number Format @Calculate [CV(Btu/lb)], F3.2 11250

Format) (final answer)
@SigFigs(exp, Format) Number Format @SigFigs([CV(Btu/lb)], F3.2) 11250

(may be used in
further calculations)

@IF(cond, true, false) If conditional @IF([Fuse Length 11254
(cm)]>0.0,[CV(Btu/lb)],[Q(Btu/lb)]
@AND(cond1, cond2) Logical and @IF(@AND([Nitrogen]>0.0, 11254

[Sulfur]>0.0),[CV(Btu/lb)],
[Q(Btu/lb)])
@OR(cond1, cond2) Logical or @IF(@OR([Nitrogen]>0.0, 11254

[Sulfur]>0.0),[CV(Btu/lb)],
[Q(Btu/lb)])
@XOR(cond1, cond2) Exclusive or @IF(@XOR([Nitrogen]>0.0, 11254

[Sulfur]>0.0), [CV(Btu/lb)],
[Q(Btu/lb)])
Number Formatting
Formatting creates a string representation of the floating point
numeric value from the supplied format string:
[A|, [Sn.m], [En.m], [Fn.m], [#~##.#~###] and [In]
where:
A = Specifies automatic or default format. Also used if psz Format is
NULL or points to a NULL String.
S = Specifies scientific notation.
E = Specifies engineering format (Scientific format where exponent
mod 3 == 0).
F = Specifies fixed point format.
# = Specifies a digit format to use. # is replaced with digits. When
used with F,S,E or I, # preceding the decimal defines the final number
of significant digits and # after the decimal defines precision, as
interpreted in the original fixed point format.
I = Specifies integer.
n = Specifies the number of significant digits to be represented. When
n is not specified the default value is DBL_DIG.
m = Specifies the maximum number of digits after the decimal place.
When m is not specified the default value is DBL_DIG.
Examples:
FormatDoubleString( 0.123456, "F4.5", ...) ==> "0.1235"
FormatDoubleString( 321.8765, "F3.5", ...) ==> "322"
FormatDoubleString( 0.123456, "S4.5", ...) ==> "1.234E-1"
FormatDoubleString( 0.000789, "S3.5", ...) ==> "7.9E-4"
FormatDoubleString( 0.000789, "S3.2", ...) ==> "0.00E+0"
FormatDoubleString( 321.8765, "S3.5", ...) ==> "3.22E+2"
FormatDoubleString( 0.123456, "E4.5", ...) ==> "123.5E-3"
FormatDoubleString( 0.000789, "E3.5", ...) ==> "790E-6"
FormatDoubleString( 0.000789, "E3.2", ...) ==> "0.00E+0"
FormatDoubleString( 321.8765, "E3.5", ...) ==> "322E+0"
FormatDoubleString( 321.8765, "I2", ...) ==> "320"

Managing Databases
Over time the instrument database can accumulate a great deal of

information. It is good practice to establish a regular database backup
procedure. Refer to Creating and Retrieving Database Backups, page
456.
LECO software applications use a database to store and maintain all
the information necessary to run the instrument, including methods,
standards, system parameters, and sample results. A file system
database is created automatically the first time the software is started.
In addition, a database connection that contains the name and location
of the database is created. The database connection is used to specify
which database to open.
LECO software provides the means to create and maintain the
instrument database and database connections. A database
management wizard allows you to add database connections, to select
a database connection for use, and to delete database connections.
When you add a connection, it can be to a new database or to an
existing database. The new connection name is added to the list of
available database connections.
For 21 CFR Part 11 compliance, logging can be enabled when a
database connection is created. When logging is enabled, Presentation
Time, View History, and Archive Log appear on the Database menu in
the instrument software.
This section explains the following topics:
Using the Start Dialog Box, page 455
Creating and Retrieving Database Backups, page 456
Selecting a Database Connection, page 457
Adding a Database Connection, page 457
Deleting a Database Connection, page 460
Validating a Database, page 461
Compacting/Repairing a Legacy Database, page 464
Managing Databases for 21 CFR Part 11 Compliance, page 464
Enabling Logging for an Existing Database, page 464
Enabling Logging for a New Database, page 466
Presentation Time, page 468
View History, page 469
Archive Log, page 470
Adding a Connection to an Archive Log Database, page 471
Removing Results from Database, page 472
Disabling Logging on an Existing Database, page 472

Using the Start Dialog Box
The following section explains how to use the Start dialog box in order
to add a new database connection, select and, optionally, validate an
existing connection, or delete a database connection. A compact/repair
selection is available for legacy databases.
1. Exit the instrument software.
2. Click Start on the Windows desktop, select Programs, select
LECO, select the instrument, and then click Database
Management. The Start dialog box will appear.
When database connections are created, they will appear under

Connections. The file path for the selected database connection
appears at the bottom of the Start dialog box. Database connections
that are no longer valid appear with dimmed text in the Connections
list. When the user selects a dimmed connection, the software allows
the user to delete the database connection or to reconnect to the
database.
Click Add to add a database connection. Refer to Adding a Database
Connection, page 457.
Or
Click on an existing database connection and then make one of the
following selections:
Click Select to connect to a database that already exists. Refer to
Selecting a Database Connection, page 457.
Click Validate to validate the database with which the connection
corresponds; however, Select must also be selected to perform
validation. Refer to Validating a Database, page 461.

Click Delete to remove a database connection. Refer to Deleting a
Database Connection, page 460.
Compact/Repair is not necessary for file system databases (and
does not appear on the Start dialog box); however, it is available
for Legacy Databases. Click Compact/Repair to compact an existing
Legacy Database to conserve disk space and to repair a possibly
corrupted Legacy Database. Refer to Compacting/Repairing Legacy
Database, page 464.
Creating and Retrieving Database Backups

It is good practice to routinely back up data to prevent data loss in the
event something such as a hard drive failure should occur. The
procedure below explains how to backup a database and should be
performed on a regular basis. This procedure applies for all databases
whether or not logging is enabled.
Create Backup
1. In the Start dialog box, highlight the database connection of the
database to back up. The file location of the corresponding
database will appear as shown below.
2. Close the instrument software.

3. To locate the files for the database connection, right-click on Start
on the desktop and use the Windows Start Menu to navigate to
the folder location.
4. Select the folder and click Copy.
5. Paste the files to the desired storage media (e.g., CD, USB
external drive, etc.) or network drive location.
Retrieve Backup
Data can be retrieved using either method described below. The
instrument software must be closed to perform either procedure.
If there is a problem with the original database and the backup is to
replace it, copy the backup database folder from where it was stored

and use Windows Explorer to paste the folder into the original folder
location for the database. Be aware that data generated in the original
database between the time the backup was made and the time the
backed up data is restored will be lost.
OR
To access the backup as a separate database, copy the backup
database to the desired location. If prompted, do not overwrite an
existing database in this case. Use the Database Management wizard
to add a database connection to this database. Refer to Adding a
Connection to an Existing Database, page 458.
If restoring from read-only media, after copying the database to its
new location, use Windows Explorer to change the attributes for all
folders and files so that they are not read only. To do this, right-click
on the folder name, select Properties, and then clear the Read Only
check box.
Selecting a Database Connection

3. Under Connections, click on the desired database connection.

4. Click Select.
5. Click Finish to open the selected database.
Adding a Database Connection

The following section explains how to connect to an existing database
or a new database.
Refer to Adding a Connection to an Existing Database, page 458.
Refer to Adding a Connection to a New Database, page 459.

Adding a Connection to an Existing Database
Connecting to an existing database allows you to use an existing file
system database, which could be very important in a situation that
required a software reinstall such as a system crash. This type of
connection provides the means to reconnect to an existing database.
Management.
3. In the Start Dialog Box,
A. Select Add.
B. Click Next.
C. Select File System Database - Use Existing.
D. Click Next.
4. When the Connect File System Database dialog box appears,
enter the information for the desired database as follows:
A. For Connection Name, enter a name for database connection

that will also appear in the Start dialog box in the
Connections list.
B. For Directory Name,
1) Select Browse.
2) Navigate to the folder for the database and click on it as
shown in the screen shot below. Do not click on the Data
folder itself. The names assigned to the databases in the
directory on your system may not match the folder
names in the screen shot.
3) Click OK.

5. If desired, select the Read Only check box. When selected, the
database information can be viewed but not changed. When the
check box is cleared, the database can be modified.
6. Clear the Log Activity check box.
7. Click Next.
8. Click Finish.
Adding a Connection to a New Database

New databases will be file system databases. This database type uses
files and folders as its storage media. The size of the database is only
limited to the free space on the hard drive.
To prevent the database from running slow, it is recommended that
virus checking of the database directory be disabled. It is also
recommended to use NTFS as the hard drive file format.
Management.
A. Select Add.
B. Click Next.
C. Select File System Database - Create New.
D. Click Next.
4. Complete the Create File System Database dialog box as follows:

Connections list.
B. To use the default location and name for the database
folder, proceed to step C. To use another location,
1) Create a folder in the desired location using Windows
Explorer.
2) Select the Advanced check box, and the Directory Name
selection box will appear.
3) For Directory Name, click Browse.
shown in the screen shot below. There will not be a data
folder since it is a new database. The names assigned to
the databases in the directory on your system may not
match the folder names in the screen shot.
5) Click OK.
C. Clear the Log Activity check box.

5. Click Next and the Start dialog box will appear.
6. The Select check box is automatically selected. Click Finish to
access the newly created database.
Deleting a Database Connection

Delete does not remove physical files from the hard drive. Use
Windows Explorer to remove the physical files.
Management.
3. Under Connections, click on database connection to remove.
4. Click Delete.

5. Click Next. The Delete dialog box will appear.
6. Click Next to remove the database connection.
Validating a Database
During database validation, the database files will be reviewed for
corruption. If orphan objects are found, refer to Reviewing Orphan
Objects, page 463.
To validate a database,
3. Under Connections, click on a database to validate, click Select,

and then click the Validate check box.
4. Click Finish. The Database Validation dialog box will display the
status of the database validation.

Reviewing Orphan Objects
When orphaned objects or corrupt database objects are discovered, a
dialog box such as the one shown below will display. It is
recommended to select No and review orphaned objects (such as
samples, methods, and standards) as they display in the Orphaned
Database Object dialog box to ensure they are valid.
If the database is being validated because database objects are
missing, for example samples have disappeared from the spreadsheet,
then recover the orphans by selecting No or No All. Select No to be
prompted for each orphan or select No All to recover all orphans
without being prompted for each one.
If all samples are displayed in the spreadsheet and there are no
apparent problems with the database, then the orphans are likely
objects that weren't completely removed from the database when they
were deleted and these orphans can be deleted. Select Yes to be
prompted before deleting each orphan or select Yes All to delete all
orphans without being prompted for each one.

Compacting/Repairing a Legacy Database
Compact/Repair is available on databases that are not file system
databases. For file system databases, the compact/repair selection
will not appear on the Start dialog box.
Management.
3. Under Connections, click on the database to compact/repair.
4. Click Compact/Repair.
5. Click Next and the following message will display.
6. Click Next to compact/repair the database.
Managing Databases for 21 CFR Part 11 Compliance
The following section provides further information about how to create

and view log archive databases for 21 CFR Part 11 compliance. For
general database topics such as Using the Start Dialog Box or Deleting
a Database Connection, refer to Managing Databases, page 454.
In the software, logging can be enabled to keep a record of all changes

as they are made to the database. Logging provides a history of the
changes made as well as the current database values.
By default, logging is not enabled. Logging can be enabled or disabled
when a database connection is added. Refer to Enabling Logging for an
Existing Database Connection, below and Enabling Logging for a New
Database, page 466.
Enabling Logging for an Existing Database

Connecting to an existing database allows you to use an existing file
system database, which could be very important in a situation that
required a software reinstall such as a system crash. This type of
connection provides the means to reconnect to an existing database.
Management.

A. Select Add.
B. Click Next.
C. Select File System Database - Use Existing.
D. Click Next.
4. When the Connect File System Database dialog box appears,
enter the information for the desired database as follows:

Connections list.
B. For Directory Name,
1) Select Browse.
shown in the screen shot below. Do not click on the Data
folder itself. The names assigned to the databases in the
directory on your system may not match the folder
names in the screen shot.
3) Click OK.

5. If desired, select the Read Only check box. When selected, the
database information can be viewed but not changed. When the
check box is cleared, the database can be modified.
6. Select the Log Activity check box to turn on logging for any future
changes made to the database through the instrument software.
7. Click Next.
8. Click Finish.
Enabling Logging for a New Database

New databases will be file system databases. This database type uses
files and folders as its storage media. The size of the database is only
limited to the free space on the hard drive.
To prevent the database from running slow, it is recommended that
virus checking of the database directory be disabled. It is also
recommended to use NTFS as the hard drive file format.
Management.
A. Select Add.
B. Click Next.
C. Select File System Database - Create New.
D. Click Next.
4. Complete the Create File System Database dialog box as follows:

Connections list.
B. To use the default location and name for the database
folder, proceed to step C. To use another location,
1) Create a folder in the desired location using Windows
Explorer.
2) Select the Advanced check box, and the Directory Name
selection box will appear.
3) For Directory Name, click Browse.

shown in the screen shot below. There will not be a data
folder since it is a new database. The names assigned to
the databases in the directory on your system may not
match the folder names in the screen shot.
5) Click OK.
C. Select the Log Activity check box to turn on logging for

changes made to the database through the instrument
software.
6. The Select check box is automatically selected. Click Finish to
access the newly created database.
Database Menu
Items on the Database menu in the instrument software will only
appear if logging was enabled when the database connection was
created. Refer to Enabling Logging for an Existing Database, page 4
64.

Presentation Time
When logging is enabled for a database connection, the presentation
time can used to view the database as it existed at some previous
point in time. For example, it could be used to view results before a
change in calibration was performed. While a presentation time is set,
and the Live check box is not selected, changes are not allowed to the
database. For example, samples cannot be added and changes cannot
be made to methods.
1. Click the Database menu in the instrument software and select
Presentation Time. The Presentation Time dialog box will appear.
2. Select the time and date for the presentation time as follows:
Select the Live check box to view current information or clear the
Live checkbox in order to select a different date and time.
When the Live check box is cleared, Date and Time are active.
A. For Date, click the arrow to display a calendar.

B. From the calendar, select a date. If desired, select the time
and then select either Local or UT (Universal Time). Local
displays the local time zone. UT displays the universal time
that corresponds with the UTC (Universal Coordinated Time)
as defined by the National Bureau of Standards.
C. Click OK. The results as they were at the selected date and
time will appear in the spreadsheet.
View History
When logging is enabled for a database connection, View History
displays a log of database changes that could be used to identify the
time/date when some particular change took place. It can only be used
to identify who made a change because there is no description of what
each change represents.
1. Click the Database menu in the instrument software and select
View History. The View Log dialog box will appear.
2. The log items that appear in the View Log dialog box are
explained below.
Date/Time displays the date and time that the database change
occurred.
Entry ID displays a unique identifying number for the database
object that was changed. For example, each sample would have a
unique number.
Action displays Created, Modified or Deleted to indicate the type
of action that occurred.
User displays the username of the person who performed the
action.
3. Select the time zone to use for displaying Date/Time. Local
displays the local time zone. UT displays the universal time that
corresponds with the UTC (Universal Coordinated Time) as
defined by the National Bureau of Standards.

Archive Log
When logging is enabled for a database connection, an Archive Log
database can be created to copy log entries to another file and
possibly reduce the amount of data stored in the database.
1. From the Database Menu in the instrument software, select
Archive Log. The Archive File dialog box will appear.
2. In the Archive File dialog box,

A. Select the Delete Entries upon Completion check box to
delete entries from the database after they are copied to the
output file. Clear the check box and entries will not be
deleted from the database. Selecting this check box reduces
the amount of data stored in database files. The file size may
not change as a result of this, but space will be made
available inside the file for more data to be stored. As a
precaution, LECO recommends performing a regular
database backup right before using Delete Entries upon
Completion. Refer to Creating and Retrieving Database
Backups, page 456.
B. For the Stop Date, click the arrow and select a date. Any log
entries generated on or before this date will be placed into
the output file.
C. Enter a filename for the log archive database.
D. Select the location for the log archive database.
E. Click Save.
3. After a log archive database is created, you can create a database
connection to the archive log file and view the information in a
read-only fashion, which means you can view the log archive
database but cannot operate the instrument or analyze samples.
Refer to Adding a Connection to a Log Archive Database, below.

Delete by Date
Used to delete all analyzed samples prior to a certain date.
1. From the Database Menu in the instrument software, select
Delete by Date. The Delete Old Samples dialog box will appear.
2. In the Delete Old Samples dialog box,

A. Enter a date or click the arrow to access the calendar.
B. Select a date that you want all samples prior to that date
deleted.
C. Click Delete to delete samples.
3. Click the box next to Transfer Export Samples to be deleted if you
wish to export and save the selected samples and just remove
them from the database.
Adding a Connection to a Log Archive Database

A. Select Add.
B. Click Next.
C. Select Database Log Archive.
D. Click Next.
4. Complete the Connect Log Archive dialog box as follows:
A. For Connection Name, enter a name for database log archive
connection that will also appear in the Start dialog box in the
Connections list.
B. For File Name, Click Browse and navigate to the log archive
file. The log archive file should have a .GLA file extension.
5. Click Next. The Start dialog box will appear.

6. Click Select and then click Finish.
Removing Results from a Database

When logging is enabled for a database connection, the amount of
data stored in the database can become significantly large, and it may
become necessary to remove results from the database. Deleting
results in the instrument software will only increase the size of the
database because the database keeps track of all changes when
logging is enabled. The following procedure explains how to remove
results from the database for file system databases or for other
databases.
For File System Databases
To remove results from a file system database, it is only necessary to
create an archive log as explained below.
1. Create an archive log by following the steps in Archive Log, page
470.
For Legacy Databases
For databases that are not file system databases, use the following
steps to compact/repair the database and recover the freed up space.
1. Create an archive log that has the Delete Entries Upon
Completion check box selected by following the steps in Archive
Log, page 470.
4. Select the database connection for the database, not the archive
log, click Compact/Repair, and then click Next. The following
message will display.
5. Click Next to compact/repair the database.
Disabling Logging on an Existing Database

Use the following instructions to disable logging on a database in which
logging is enabled.
Management.

3. In the Database Start dialog box, select the existing database
connection in which you prefer to disable logging. Remember the
name of the database and the base file location because you will
need this information in order to reconnect to the database in
step 8.A, page 473.
4. Select Delete, and follow the instructions provided by the
software. Refer to Deleting a Database Connection, page 460,
for further information. The Delete operation will not delete the
actual database; it will only remove the database connection
name from the list.
5. Return to the Database Start dialog box.
6. In the Start dialog box, select Add, and then select Next.
7. Under Database Types, highlight File System Database-Use
Existing, and click Next.
8. Complete the Connect Database dialog box as follows:
A. For the Connection Name, enter the same name as the
database that was just deleted.
B. Enter the Path to the database files.
9. Verify that the checkbox next to Log Activity is blank and click
Next.
11. The Select check box is automatically selected.
12. Click Finish.


5 Operation
Illustrations .................................................................................. 53
Logging in a Sample ...................................................................... 55
Preparing Crucibles........................................................................ 57
Preparing Samples ........................................................................ 58
Combustion Vessel Preparation for Wire Fuse ................................... 59
Combustion Vessel Preparation for Thread Fuse .............................. 512
Combustion Bucket Preparation .................................................... 515
Creating or Modifying Methods ...................................................... 517
Create a Method .................................................................... 517
Analyzing a Sample ..................................................................... 521
Abort an Analysis ........................................................................ 523
Calibration ................................................................................. 524
Standard Calibration ............................................................... 524
Editing Samples in the Spreadsheet ............................................... 525
Inserting a Sample out of Sequence ......................................... 525
Repeating Data in Multiple Cells ............................................... 525
Copying Sample Information ................................................... 526
Cut .................................................................................. 526
Copy................................................................................ 526
Paste ............................................................................... 526
Deleting a Sample .................................................................. 526
Recalculating Results .............................................................. 527
View History of a Sample ........................................................ 527
View History Definitions ..................................................... 527
Applying Sample Signature ...................................................... 528
View Signatures ................................................................ 529
Printing Analysis Results .............................................................. 530
Configuring Report Before Printing ........................................... 530
Printing from the Software ...................................................... 532
Exporting Data ............................................................................ 534
Export Properties ................................................................... 534
Filename Tab .................................................................... 534
Fields Tab ........................................................................ 535
Delimiters Tab .................................................................. 536
Automation Tab ................................................................ 537
Operation AC500 51
Advanced Tab ................................................................... 538
Preview ............................................................................ 539
Exporting Data ....................................................................... 539
Exporting Buffers ................................................................... 541
Importing Data ........................................................................... 542
Transmitting Data ....................................................................... 543
Transmit Format Configuration................................................. 543
Fields Tab ........................................................................ 544
Delimiters Tab .................................................................. 545
Automation Tab ................................................................ 546
Communication Settings .................................................... 547
Advanced Tab ................................................................... 548
Preview Tab ...................................................................... 549
Transmitting Selected Samples ..................................................... 550
Data Backup ............................................................................... 551
Transferring Export ................................................................ 551
Transferring Import ................................................................ 552
Error Messages ........................................................................... 554
52 AC500 Operation
Illustrations
Figure 5-1 Sample PreparationWire Fuse ........................................510

Figure 5-2 Fuse and Combustion Vessel Preparation for Wire Fuse .......511
Figure 5-3 Sample PreparationThread Fuse .....................................513
Figure 5-4 Fuse and Combustion Vessel Preparation for Thread Fuse ....514
Figure 5-5 Analysis Time Periods ......................................................520
Operation AC500 53
54 AC500 Operation
Logging in a Sample
Before a sample is analyzed it must be entered into the sample grid.

This procedure is called Sample Login. A sample that has been logged
in may be named in various alphanumeric notations. An analysis
method should be developed before a sample is logged in. Refer to
Create a Method, page 517.
will appear.
2. Enter the Sample Name in the sample name selection box or click
on the drop down arrow to select from a list of sample names.
3. For Mass, enter the mass of the sample. Click Balance to enter a
mass from an external balance.
4. For Method, enter the method used for analysis. Click the down
arrow to select from the list of methods.
5. For Vessel, enter the identification number of the combustion
vessel that the logged in sample is being analyzed in.
6. For Comments, enter additional information about the sample if
desired.
Operation AC500 55
7. For Description, enter a statement used to explain or identify a
sample if desired.
8. For Operator, enter the name of the operator if desired.
9. Click OK to login the sample.
10. Select Add to End of List to enter the logged in sample in the last
row of the sample grid.
11. Select Add as Next Sample to Run to enter the logged in sample
after the last sample that was analyzed.
12. For Keep Logging Samples until Cancel is Pressed, select the
check box to log consecutive samples.
56 AC500 Operation
Preparing Crucibles
Before using the crucibles, they must be cleaned.

New crucibles should be heated to 500oC for 5 hours in a muffle
furnace to remove any surface oils.
1. Scrub the inside of the crucible with a wire brush.
2. Heat the crucible with a Bunsen burner, or equivalent, to burn off
residual matter.
3. Scrub the inside of the crucible with a wire brush again.
Operation AC500 57
Preparing Samples
Never add benzoic acid in powder form. If benzoic acid is used as a

combustion aid it must be added in tablet form. Tablets are
supplied with the calorimeter and can be ordered from LECO. See
page 127.
Oxygen Combustion Vessel Explosion Potential

The operator must observe safe operating practices when using
high pressure oxygen combustion vessels. Operating personnel
should be trained to practice safe operation and maintenance of
the oxygen combustion vessels. Refer to the Oxygen Combustion
Vessel Safety Notice, page 131.
Do not touch the sample with your fingers or hands as this will
contaminate the sample.
1. Clean the crucible. Refer to Preparing Crucible, page 57.

A. Place the crucible in the center of the weigh pan inside of the
balance and press the Tare button. Refer to Figure 5-2
below.
2. Add the sample to the crucible.
58 AC500 Operation
Combustion Vessel Preparation for Wire Fuse
POSSIBLE OPERATOR INJURY

To prevent personal injury, handle the pressurized
combustion vessel with care.
1. Prepare the sample and place it into the crucible. Refer to Sample
Preparation, page 58.
2. To ensure repeatable results, dry all moisture from the outside of
the combustion vessel with a clean, lint-free cloth.
3. Prepare Combustion Pressure Closure using the steps below.
A. Remove, rinse, and thoroughly dry combustion vessel cap.
Refer to Figure 5-2, page 511.
B. Remove the combustion vessel closure.
C. Rinse electrode arms and slide the sleeves up and down until
they move freely, dry arms and underside of combustion
vessel closure.
D. Turn the combustion vessel closure over and shake it to
remove the water from the cavities in the valve assembly and
electrode connectors.
E. Thoroughly dry the top of combustion vessel closure.
F. Dry the combustion vessel cleaning station sample holder
bracket. Refer to Figure 2-7, page 213.
G. Place the combustion vessel closure on the sample holder
bracket.
4. Place the crucible containing the sample into the crucible holder.
Center the sample in the crucible holder to prevent misfires.
5. Attach the fuse wire. The length of the fuse wire must be 10 cm
long.
A. Lift the sleeve on the electrode above the slot in the crucible
holder.
B. Feed one end of fuse wire into the notch on the electrode arm.
Allow approximately 2mm of the fuse to overhang.
C. Slide the sleeve firmly over the fuse wire.
D. Repeat steps A through C with the other end of the fuse wire.
E. Bend the fuse wire, as shown in Figure 5-1 below, to within

0.5 cm of the sample. The top of fuse wire should be no closer
than 7mm from the top of the sample to prevent misfires.
Verify the fuse wire does NOT come in contact with the crucible.
Operation AC500 59
0.5 cm
Figure 5-1
Sample PreparationWire Fuse
6. Open the needle valve on the top of the sample holder.

7. Place the combustion vessel closure into the combustion chamber
so that the o-ring rests on the combustion chamber.
Do not force the combustion vessel closure down.
8. Screw the combustion vessel cap clockwise onto the combustion

vessel. This will apply even pressure around the circumference of
the combustion vessel closure allowing it to seat properly and
seal without damaging the o-ring.
Do not over-tighten the combustion vessel cap; use only moderate
pressure.
After the combustion chamber is sealed, do not tilt the combustion
vessel. If the combustion vessel is tilted, disassemble the combustion
vessel and discard the sample.
9. Close the needle valve on the combustion vessel by turning it

clockwise. Do not over tighten the valve; use moderate pressure.
10. Attach the combustion vessel charger assembly to the
combustion vessel and press the Fill switch. The combustion
vessel will fill with oxygen until the pressure reaches 420 psi
(28.96 bars). The oxygen flow will automatically shut off. To
abort filling the combustion vessel, wait five seconds and press
the Fill Switch again.
11. Remove the combustion vessel charger assembly and prepare the
combustion vessel bucket. Refer to Combustion Bucket
510 AC500 Operation

Figure 5-2
Fuse and Combustion Vessel Preparation for Wire Fuse
Operation AC500 511

Combustion Vessel Preparation for Thread Fuse
POSSIBLE OPERATOR INJURY

To prevent personal injury, handle the pressurized
combustion vessel with care.
1. Prepare the sample and place it into the crucible. Refer to Sample
2. To ensure repeatable results, dry all moisture from the outside of
the combustion vessel with a clean, lint-free cloth.
3. Prepare Combustion Pressure Closure using the steps below.
A. Remove, rinse, and thoroughly dry combustion vessel cap.
B. Remove the combustion vessel closure.
C. Rinse and dry electrode arms and underside of combustion
vessel closure.
D. Turn the combustion vessel closure over and shake it to
remove the water from the cavities in the valve assembly
and electrode connectors.
E. Thoroughly dry the top of combustion vessel closure.
F. Dry the combustion vessel cleaning station sample holder
bracket. Refer to Figure 2-7, page 213.
G. Place the combustion vessel closure on the sample holder
bracket.
4. Attach the 502-461 wire between the electrode posts
A. Loosen the two Phillips screws at the bottom of the electrode
posts of the combustion vessel closure.
B. Wrap each end of the wire around the threads of the screws.
C. Tighten the screws keeping the wire tight.
5. Place the crucible containing the sample into the crucible holder.
Center the sample in the crucible holder to prevent misfires.
6. Attach the Thread Fuse. The length of the fuse wire must be 10
cm long.
A. Fasten the Thread onto the middle of the ignition wire. Refer
to Figure 5-3, page 513. One end should be long enough to
come in contact with the sample.
The 502-461 fuse wire should be replaced when necessary to prevent
misfires. Refer to Maintenance Counters, page 64.
512 AC500 Operation

WIRE
SCREWS
TO ATTACH
STRING WIRE
(ONE ON
EACH SIDE
OF WIRE)
Figure 5-3
Sample PreparationThread Fuse
6. Open the needle valve on the top of the sample holder.

7. Place the combustion vessel closure into the combustion chamber
so that the o-ring rests on the combustion chamber. Do not force
the combustion vessel closure down.
8. Screw the combustion vessel cap clockwise onto the combustion
vessel. This will apply even pressure around the circumference of
the combustion vessel closure allowing it to seat properly and seal
without damaging the o-ring. Do not over-tighten the combustion
vessel cap; use only moderate pressure. After the combustion
chamber is sealed, do not tilt the combustion vessel. If the
combustion vessel is tilted, disassemble the combustion vessel and
discard the sample.
9. Close the needle valve on the combustion vessel by turning it
clockwise. Do not over tighten the valve; use moderate pressure.
10. Attach the combustion vessel charger assembly to the combustion
vessel and press the Fill switch. The combustion vessel will fill with
oxygen until the pressure reaches 420 psi (28.96 bars). The
oxygen flow will automatically shut off. To abort filling the
combustion vessel, wait five seconds and press the Fill Switch
again.
11. Remove the combustion vessel charger assembly and prepare the
combustion vessel bucket. Refer to Combustion Bucket
Operation AC500 513

Figure 5-4
Fuse and Combustion Vessel Preparation for Thread Fuse
514 AC500 Operation

Combustion Bucket Preparation
1. Thoroughly dry both the inside and the outside of the combustion
vessel bucket. Buff the bucket if required to remove any
fingerprints.
2. Position the combustion vessel bucket under the pipet Refer to
Figure 2-4, page 210.
3. Fill the combustion vessel bucket with 2000 ml of water from the
pipet by turning the pipet valve to the Fill position. Refer to Figure
2-6, page 212.
4. Allow the water stream from the pipet to hit the inside wall of the
combustion vessel bucket. This will make the water swirl and
reduce the amount of bubbles and splashing in the bucket.
5. Leave the combustion vessel bucket under the pipet valve for
several seconds after the pipet has been emptied to allow any
remaining drops of water to fall into the combustion vessel
bucket.
6. When the pipet is empty, turn the pipet valve back to the Water
Flows Through position. Refer to Figure 2-6, page 212.
7. Pull up on the combustion vessel bucket lid latch and lift the cover
to the complete vertical position.
8. Place the combustion vessel bucket inside the combustion vessel
bucket well being careful not to spill any water. Make sure the
indent in the bottom of the combustion vessel bucket, is
positioned towards the front of the calorimeter. This allows room
for the stirrer blades and prevents them from hitting the
combustion vessel during analysis. Refer to Figure 4-1 on
page 46.
9. Fold the handle down, flat on top of the combustion vessel
bucket, towards the back of the instrument.
10. Attach the carrying handle to the combustion vessel by inserting
the pins on the end of the handle into the holes on the
combustion vessel cap. Refer to Figure 5-2, page 511.
11. Lower the combustion vessel, using the carrying handle, into the
combustion vessel bucket taking care not to disturb the sample.
Center the combustion vessel over the indent in the bottom of the
bucket.
12. Remove the combustion vessel handle and tap it gently over the
bucket to return any water droplets into the bucket. Be careful
not to splash water on jacket insulation.
13. Place the combustion vessel handle on the wash station hanger.
14. Connect the combustion vessel fuse leads to the combustion
vessel electrodes. Grasp the insulated portion of the combustion
vessel fuse leads when inserting them into the combustion vessel
electrodes so the water in the bucket is not touched.
Operation AC500 515

15. Check to see that there are no oxygen bubbles coming from the
combustion vessel. Do not fire the combustion vessel if bubbles
are observed. Remove the combustion vessel and correct the
condition. The amount of water in the bucket should remain the
same for accurate results.
16. Close the combustion vessel bucket lid and press down firmly on
the front of the lid to latch it.
516 AC500 Operation

Creating or Modifying Methods
A method is a set of analytical parameters used to control the

instrument during analysis and calculation of the final result. Before
analysis, a method must be created or the default method used.
Create a Method
1. From the Configuration menu, click Methods. The Methods dialog
box shown below will appear. For further information about the
buttons on the Method Dialog Box, refer to Dialog Box Buttons,
page 412.
2. Click Properties. The Method Parameters screen will appear.
Operation AC500 517

3. For Nitrogen, enter the nitric acid correction value for the amount
of nitric acid, HNO3 that is expected to be formed during
combustion of the sample.
4. For Sulfur, enter the sulfuric acid correction value for the amount
of sulfuric acid, H2SO4 that is expected to be formed during
combustion of the sample.
5. For Hydrogen, enter the amount of Hydrogen in the sample,
expressed as a weight percentage.
6. For Total H2O, enter the total moisture (as received) in the
sample.
7. For Moisture, enter the amount of moisture expressed as a weight
percentage, which is contained within the sample.
8. For Ash, enter the amount of ash expressed as a weight
percentage, which is contained within the sample.
9. For Spike, enter a value to add an accelerator to aid in the
combustion of a sample. The value entered is the calorific value
of the spike added to the sample. Refer to Configuring the
System, page 437, for additional information.
10. For Hydrogen Factor, enter a value to indicate the product of the
latent heat of vaporization of water (10.30 Btu/lb) and the ratio
of the molecular weight of water H2O and diatomic Hydrogen H2.
This value is used in the net calorific value calculation. Default:
92.70
11. Select the mode for Heat Correction. The Heat Correction mode
refers to the method used to compensate for the amount of heat
transferred between the bucket and the surrounding
environment. Default: High Precision. The parameters that are
active depend on the mode selected.
High PrecisionThe high precision mode eliminates the
requirement for the rating periods by employing an
algorithm that calculates the heat transferred between the
bucket and its environment based on previous knowledge
and the measurement of several variables. The analysis
time has been optimized to provide the highest precision
results. Typical RSD for the High Precision mode is 0.050%
at an analysis time of 8.0 minutes.
Predictive (High Throughput, Method)The predictive mode
uses estimation algorithms to allow the operator to increase
the throughput of the instrument. The typical precision
verses analysis time is shown in the table below based on
benzoic acid analyses run in a stable environment under
repeatable conditions.
o When Predictive Mode is selected, the Analysis Time
parameter will be active. Analysis Time is the total time
period for an analysis. Analysis time is the sum of the
four following time periods: Equilibrate time, Pre-Fire
time, Main time, and Post-Fire time.
518 AC500 Operation

Analysis Time Typical RSD
4.5 minutes 0.09%
5.0 minutes 0.08%
5.5 minute 0.07%
6.0 minutes 0.06%
6.5 minutes 0.05%
7.0 minutes 0.04%
7.5 minutes 0.03%
Regnault/PfaundlerThis classical heat correction mode
relies on the pre-fire and post-fire rating periods to estimate
the heat transfer before and after the main period,
respectively. An estimate of the heat transfer during the
main period is then interpolated. This method requires that
the transients experienced during the equilibration and main
periods have concluded by the time each rating period
begins. The rating periods must also be fairly long to insure
adequate precision. When Regnault/Pfaundler is active, the
following parameters are available:
o Equilibrate TimeThis first time period is used to allow
the various components of the calorimeter to reach
thermal equilibrium. At this time, the rate of heat
transfer between the bucket and environment is
assumed constant. The recommended length for this
time period is five minutes. Refer to Figure 5-5, page
520. Range: 0.1 to 10 minutes.
o Pre-fire TimeThis period is referred to as the first
rating period because the rate of the bucket
temperature change is measured during this time. A
recommended duration for pre-fire time is five minutes
o Main TimeThe main time period begins when the
combustion vessel is fired. Seven to eight minutes are
recommended to permit the firing transient to settle by
the end of this time period. Refer to Figure 5-5, page
520. Range: 0.1 to 10 minutes.
o Post-fire TimePost-fire time is the second of the two
rating periods. The recommended duration for post-fire
time is five minutes. Refer to Figure 5-5, page 520.
Range: 0.0 to 10.0 minutes.
Operation AC500 519

Figure 5-5
Analysis Time Periods
520 AC500 Operation

Analyzing a Sample
The following instructions assume that all steps in installation, Initial

Power up, System Check, and Setup have been completed.
Accurate analysis results are obtained after the instrument has been
calibrated. Calibration should be performed after changing analysis
modes or analysis times. Refer to Calibration, page 524.
One sample should be analyzed and discarded to condition the
calorimeter before analysis results are used.
1. Clean the crucible. Refer to Crucible Preparation, page 57.
2. Prepare the sample. Refer to Sample Preparation, page 58.
3. Prepare the combustion vessel. Refer to Combustion Vessel
4. Prepare the combustion vessel bucket. Refer to Combustion
Bucket Preparation, page 512.
5. Login a sample . Refer to Sample Login, page 55.
6. Click the Samples menu and select Analyze to start analysis.
HIGH PRESSURE HAZARD

Do not permit your hands and face to remain over the
calorimeter at the end of pre-fire (combustion vessel
ignition). Serious personal injury could result. Stay clear for
at least 20 seconds after the combustion vessel fires.
During prefire the current bucket temperature will be

displayed in the lower right corner of the status bar. The
timer left before ignition is displayed in the lower left corner
of the status bar. Six seconds before ignition a beeper will
sound and a message will flash (lower left corner) warning
the operator to stay clear of the calorimeter.
During postfire, the bucket water temperature will be

displayed in the lower right corner of the status bar. In the
lower left corner of the status bar will be displayed the time
remaining for analysis.
7. If its necessary to abort an analysis, refer to Abort an Analysis,

page 523.
8. After an analysis is complete, lift the combustion vessel bucket lid
to the 60o vertical position so that droplets from the stirrer and
thermistor will not fall onto the jacket insulation. Hold a cloth
under the stirrer and dry the blade and thermistor probe. Do not
allow any water to drip onto the insulation.
9. Open the combustion vessel bucket lid completely.
Operation AC500 521

10. Disconnect the combustion vessel fuse leads and dry them with a
cloth. Drape the leads outside the jacket. The insulation must be
kept dry or the instrument precision will degrade.
11. Remove the combustion vessel bucket and combustion vessel
from the combustion vessel bucket well.
12. Close the combustion vessel bucket lid. This will help to isolate
the combustion vessel jacket from ambient air and provides
better analysis results.
13. Remove the combustion vessel from the combustion vessel
bucket using the combustion vessel carrying handle.
14. Tip the vessel approximately 30o from vertical (straight up and
down) to pour excess water trapped in the vessel top back into
the bucket. Do not completely invert the combustion vessel, as
fuse fragments may be inadvertently lost.
15. Attach the discharge hose to the combustion vessel valve.
16. Discharge the combustion vessel slowly by turning the knurled
valve counter-clockwise until oxygen is heard escaping from the
combustion vessel (approximately 1/2 turn).
17. Place the combustion vessel in the wash station.
18. Place the combustion vessel handle on the wash station hanger.
19. Pour the combustion vessel bucket water back into the reservoir
tank and leave the combustion vessel bucket inverted over the
tank to drip dry.
20. Unscrew the combustion vessel cap from the combustion vessel
and thoroughly dry. Set the combustion vessel cap aside.
21. Use the removal tool to lift the combustion vessel closure straight
off the combustion vessel and place on the holder on the wash
station.
22. Examine the interior of the combustion chamber and crucible for
soot or evidence of incomplete combustion. The result should be
deleted if such evidence is found.
23. Recover any wire fragments from the combustion vessel chamber
and crucible for measurement. Discard any molten fuse balls.
24. Carefully lift the electrode sleeves and remove the fuse wire
pieces for measurement.
25. Straighten all fuse fragments and lay end to end. Measure the
entire remaining fuse length to the nearest 0.1 cm.
26. Subtract the fuse measurement (from the previous step) from 10
cm (initial length of fuse). The result is the amount of fuse that
was burned during the analysis.
27. Enter the corrected fuse length in the sample grid. The software
automatically recalculates the result.
28. Wash all interior surfaces with a stream of distilled water.
Remove any residue that may be stuck to the electrodes or
interior of the combustion chamber. Turn the combustion
chamber upside down inside the wash station to drain.
522 AC500 Operation

Abort an Analysis
An analysis in progress can be aborted. Sample analysis must be in

progress before it can be aborted. If the analysis is aborted, "Abort"
will appear under analysis date.
From the Samples menu, click Abort. The analysis in progress will be
aborted.
Operation AC500 523

Calibration
Calibration is used to calculate a calibration coefficient, which

calibrates the response of the instrument to a reference material or
calibration standard. Before the calorimeter is calibrated, Standards
must be defined. Refer to Defining Calibration Standards, page 442.
Standard Calibration
Before this procedure is performed, standard calibration samples must
be analyzed. Refer to Sample Analysis and perform analysis using
defined standard calibration samples. Refer to Analyzing a Sample,
page 521.
1. From the Configuration menu, click Calibration. The Standards
screen will appear.
2. View the calibration results. If the calibration values displayed are

acceptable check the Save box. If the values are not acceptable,
click Cancel and perform another standard analysis.
3. Repeat step 2 for each combustion vessel.
4. Click OK to save the new calibration.
5. Click Print to print the new calibration results and obtain a paper
copy from the system printer.
524 AC500 Operation

Editing Samples in the Spreadsheet
Inserting a Sample out of Sequence

If a sample is going to be added to the last row of the sample
spreadsheet, sample login should be used. If a sample should be
inserted out of sequence, between unanalyzed samples, Insert a
Sample should be used.
An analysis method should be developed before a sample is logged
in. Refer to Create a Method, page 517.
Prepare the sample for analysis. Refer to Sample Preparation, page
58, for additional information.
1. Click and select a row in the sample grid after the last analyzed
sample. Insert will insert a row before the selected row.
2. From the Edit menu, click Insert. A row will be inserted into the
sample grid before the selected row.
Repeating Data in Multiple Cells

A group of cells in the sample grid can be quickly filled with the same
data. As an example, the method could be changed in a group of
logged in unanalyzed samples.
1. Click and drag the mouse pointer to select the cells to fill with the
same data. In the example below the mouse pointer was dragged
over the Operator cells to be filled with the same operators
name.
2. From the Edit menu, click Fill. The Fill screen will appear.
3. Enter the data to fill into each selected cell.

4. Click OK.
Operation AC500 525

Copying Sample Information
Cut
Cut is used to remove a sample from the sample spreadsheet and copy
it to the Windows Clipboard. From there it can be Pasted into another
location in the sample grid.
1. Select a sample by clicking on a row in the sample grid. The row
should be highlighted.
2. Select the Edit menu and click Cut. The sample will be removed
and cut to the clipboard.
Copy
Copy is used to copy a sample from the sample grid and copy it to the
Windows Clipboard. From there it can be Pasted into another location
in the sample grid.
1. Select a sample by clicking on a row in the sample grid. The row
should be highlighted.
2. Select the Edit menu and click Copy. The sample will be copied to
the clipboard.
Paste
Paste is used to copy a sample that was cut or copied to the Windows
Clipboard and insert it into the sample grid.
1. Select a sample location in the sample grid by clicking on a row.
The row should be highlighted.
2. Select the Edit menu and click Paste. The sample will be copied to
the sample grid.
Deleting a Sample
Use Delete a Sample to remove a sample row from the sample grid. If
a database is created with log activity enabled, a deleted sample can
be viewed by setting the Presentation Time to a time prior to the
deletion.
1. Select a row in the sample grid to delete. If more than one row
should be deleted, click and drag the mouse pointer down the
desired number of rows to delete. More than one row will be
selected.
2. From the Samples menu, click Delete.
3. Click Yes to delete the row or rows of sample information. The
selected sample information will be deleted from the sample grid.
It is not possible to restore this data once its deleted.
526 AC500 Operation

Recalculating Results
Results are automatically recalculated when a field in the sample grid
is edited (ex. weight, vessel, fuse length, nitrogen, sulfur, etc.).
If the calibration is changed, it can be reapplied by following the
procedure above.
If the values in the system configuration are changed the result can be
recalculated using the procedure above (ex. changing result basis,
hydrogen basis, S/N units, S/N [N]).
1. Select the samples in the sample grid to recalculate.
2. From the Samples menu, click Recalculate. The selected samples
will be recalculated using the new calibration.
View History of a Sample

View History permits the operator or laboratory manager to look at a
history log of the actions performed on a selected sample.
1. Select a sample in the sample grid to View History of.
2. Click the Samples menu and select View History. The View History
screen will appear. Refer to View History Definitions below.
3. Click the Local Time button, in the Time screen, to display the
time in local 12-hour time.
4. Click the UTC button, in the Time screen, to display the time in
Universal Coordinated Time.
5. Click OK to exit view history.
View History Definitions

Date and TimeThe date and time the action took place.
Operation AC500 527

ActionThe type of action performed on the sample. Examples are:
Created the sample, modified the sample, and recalculated the
sample.
UserThe Operator that performed the action.
Applying Sample Signature

A signature confirms that a user has accepted the sample information
displayed in the sample grid. Any change to the sample information
after it is signed will clear the signature. The signature can be used to
ensure that the validity of the sample information has remained the
same since it was signed.
To view a sample signature, after it has been signed, refer to View
Signature, page 529. The system name, user name, date, and time
are obtained from the Windows operating system. They cannot be
changed from this screen.
1. Click on a row, in the sample grid, to select a sample to sign.
2. Click the Samples menu and select Sign. The Sign screen will
appear.
A. A name will appear in the Name Entry box. It will be the

name of the logged-on Windows user. If desired the name
can be changed. Its suggested that the current operators
name be used.
B. If desired, a description can be entered in the Description
Entry box. This can be additional information about the
sample or an event that took place. Any text can be entered.
528 AC500 Operation

C. To display the time in local 12-hour time, click the Local
button. To display the time in Universal Coordinated Time,
click the UT button.
D. Click OK to enter the signature.
View Signatures
View Signatures permits the operator or laboratory manager to view a
sample signature and determine if it is valid. A sample must be signed
before the signature can be viewed. Refer to Applying Sample
Signature, page 528. If information associated with the sample was
changed after it was signed, the signature will be cleared and the view
signatures screen will not appear in step 2.
1. Click on a row to select a sample from the sample grid to view.
2. Click the Samples menu and select View Signatures. The View
Signatures screen will appear.
3. Click OK when finished viewing the signature information.
Operation AC500 529

Printing Analysis Results
Configuring Report Before Printing

A report of analysis results can be generated and printed on the
system printer. The following section explains how to use the Report
Settings dialog box to determine the format of the report.
1. In the spreadsheet, select the samples as follows:
A. Place cursor in the column under row until a black arrow
displays.
B. Hold down right mouse key and drag the mouse over the
desired samples.
C. Unclick the mouse. Selected samples appear highlighted in
blue.
2. Click Samples and select Print Preview. Click Print Preview to
access the Report Settings dialog box in order to preview how
selected samples will print on the system printer. The Report
Settings Screen will appear.
3. Configure the report by clicking the Report tab, Field tab, Font
Tab, and Element tab and entering the desired settings as
explained in the steps below. The Fields tab will only appear when
Define Report Fields is checked on the Report tab.
4. On the Report Tab,

A. Click the arrow next to Report Format to determine the
format of the report.
Click Report with Plots to display a report with data
plotted.
Click Tabular Report to display data in a table.
Click Simple Print to display a report based on the
columns that appear in the spreadsheet. This report can
then be printed.
530 AC500 Operation

Click Group Report to display the average, the standard
deviation, and the relative standard deviation when
multiple samples are selected.
Click Ambients to display ambients.
Click Hardware Calibration to display the hardware
calibration.
B. Click the arrow next to Statistics to select how statistics will
display.
Select None, and statistics will not display.
Select Report with Plot, and statistics will display as a
line plot.
Select Tabular Report, and statistics will display in a
table.
C. For Heading Text, enter a title for the report, if desired.
D. Select the Define Report Fields check box and the Fields tab
will display. Use the Fields tab to select the columns from
the spreadsheet that will display in the report.
E. For Line Printing, select the Automatically Print after Each
Analysis check box. Enable line printing when printing with a
dot matrix printer.
F. When Line Printing is enabled, the Automatically Print After
Each Analysis checkbox is enabled. When selected, a report
will automatically print after each analysis.
5. Complete the Fields tab as follows to determine the fields that
display in the report. The Fields tab will only display when Define
Report Fields is checked on the Report tab, page 530. Fields that
appear vary, depending on the instrument.
Operation AC500 531

To display a Field that does not appear in the report, select
the field from Invisible Fields, and then click Show. The
Field will automatically move to the Visible Fields column.
To remove a Field so that it does not display in the report,
select the field from Visible Fields and then click Hide. The
Field will automatically move to the Invisible Fields column.
To display the default fields, click Default.
To move a field so that it displays earlier in the report,
select the Field from the Visible Fields column and click
Promote until the field displays in the desired position.
To move a field so that it displays later in the report, select
the Field from the Visible Fields column and click Demote
until the field appears in the desired position.
6. Use the Font tab to configure the text in the report to improve the
readability of the report. Refer to Modifying Font.
7. Use the Elements tab to determine the elements that display in
the report. Refer to Configuring Plot Properties.
Printing from the Software

1. From the spreadsheet, select the desired samples that have been
analyzed to print. When several samples are selected, the
software will group the samples by sample name.
2. Click Samples and click Print. Clicking Print or Print Preview will
open the Report Settings dialog box.
3. Refer to Configuring Report before Printing, page 530, to format

the report as desired.
4. From the Samples menu, click Print Setup. The Page Setup dialog
box will display.
532 AC500 Operation

5. Use the Page Setup dialog box to change the size, orientation,
and margins of the paper before printing.
When multiple columns are selected to appear in the report, the font
and page orientation can be adjusted to improve the readability of
the report. The font size can be changed using the font tab as
described in Configuring Report before Printing, page 530.
6. Click OK. The Print dialog box will appear.
7. Click OK to print.
Operation AC500 533

Exporting Data
Before sample data can be exported an export format must be

configured. Multiple export formats can be configured.
Export Properties
Filename Tab
1. Select the Configuration menu and click Text Export Formats. The
Filename Format Screen will appear.
2. Click Properties to configure the text export format. The Filename

screen will appear.
3. Enter a filename for the exported file or click browse and search
for a file name.
4. Click Append to File, Automatically increment Filename or Prompt
for Filename as desired.
Append to FileWhen selected, the highlighted sample
analysis data will be attached to the previously saved file.
Automatically Increment FilenameIf the filename contains
numbers, they will automatically be incremented by one
when the file is saved.
Prompt for FilenameWhen selected, the export filename
screen will appear when exporting a file, prompting the
operator to enter a filename.
534 AC500 Operation

5. Click OK to save the changes and exit.
6. Click Cancel to exit this procedure without making changes.
Fields Tab
1. Click the Fields tab. The Fields Format Screen will appear. Select
the desired fields to export in the file.
2. To Add an invisible field select the field and click Add.

3. To Remove a visible field select the field and click Remove.
4. To move a selected field up towards the top of the list, click
Promote.
5. To move the selected field down towards the bottom of the list,
click Demote.
Operation AC500 535

Delimiters Tab
1. Click the Delimiters tab. The Delimiters Format Screen will
appear. Select the desired delimiters to export in the file.
2. Click XML to export the text data in XML format. If XML is

selected no other parameters in the screen can be configured.
3. Click Column Header to transmit the column header.
4. Select or enter the Field, Start of Transmission, and End of Line
delimiters.
536 AC500 Operation

Automation Tab
1. Click the Automation tab. The Automation Format Screen will
appear.
2. Select Automatically export each new analysis to automatically

export the analysis data after every analysis.
Operation AC500 537

Advanced Tab
1. Click the Advanced tab. The Advanced Format Screen will appear.
2. Position the cursor in the Export Format and click the mouse to
place the cursor at the point in the format to edit a field.
3. Select a Field from the Fields box and click Add Field to Export
Format to add a field.
4. Highlight a Field in the Export Format and then press Delete on
the keyboard to delete it.
538 AC500 Operation

Preview
1. Click the Preview tab. The Preview Export Format Screen will
appear. Here the status of the export can be previewed but
changes cannot be made from this screen.
2. Click OK or Cancel to exit.
Exporting Data
Export Text Data permits the operator to select sample data and
export that data to a file. Sample data can be inserted into an Excel
sample grid from the exported file. If no sample is selected only the
last sample in the sample grid will be exported and saved.
1. Click and drag the mouse pointer to select the rows with sample
data to export to a file.
Operation AC500 539

2. Click the Sample menu and select Text Export Data. The Export
Format selection screen will appear. The format selection screen
will not appear unless there is more than one format selected.
3. Select the Export Format and click OK. The Export Filename
selection screen will appear.
4. Enter a Filename and File Type.

5. Click Save to export and save the file.
540 AC500 Operation

Exporting Buffers
Text Export Buffers permits the operator to select sample plot data
and export that data to a file. Sample plot data can be inserted into an
Excel sample grid from the exported file.
data to export to a file. If no sample is selected only the last
sample in the sample grid will be exported and saved.
2. Click the Sample menu and select Text Export Buffers. The Export
Buffers Filename selection screen will appear. File extensions of
(.txt) or (.csv) are good choices to insert the saved files into an
Excel sample grid.
2. Enter a filename and extension. Click Save to export and save the
file.
Operation AC500 541

Importing Data
Text Import Data permits the operator to import sample data from
another application such as a Microsoft Excel sample grid.
1. Click the Sample menu and select Text Import Data. The Import
File selection screen will appear.
2. Select the file to import.

3. Click Open to import the file.
542 AC500 Operation

Transmitting Data
Before sample data can be transmitted to a peripheral devise an

transmit format must be configured. Multiple transmit formats can be
configured.
Transmit Format Configuration
1. Click the Configuration menu and select Transmission Formats.

The Transmission Formats screen will appear.
2. To add a new transmission format to the list, click Add and enter a
transmission format name in the row that appears at the bottom of
the list.
3. To move a selected transmission format up towards the top of the
list select it and click Promote.
4. To move the selected transmission format down towards the
bottom of the list select it and click Demote.
5. Select Ascending to list the transmission formats in ascending
alphabetical order.
6. Select Descending to list the transmission formats in descending
alphabetical order.
7. To delete a transmission format, select it and click Delete.
Operation AC500 543

Fields Tab
1. Select the transmission format from the transmission format
screen and click Properties. The Transmission Format Properties
screen will appear with the Fields tab selected.
2. To add a transmit field select the field and click Add.

3. To remove a transmit field select the field and click Remove.
4. To move a selected field up towards the top of the list, click
Promote.
5. To move the selected field down towards the bottom of the list,
click Demote.
544 AC500 Operation

Delimiters Tab
1. Click the Delimiters tab. The Delimiters Format Screen will
appear. Select the desired delimiters to export in the file.
2. Click XML to export the text data in XML format. If XML is selected
no other parameters in the screen can be configured.
3. Click Column Header to transmit the column header.
4. Select or enter the Field, Start of Transmission, and End of Line
delimiters.
Operation AC500 545

Automation Tab
1. Click the Automation tab. The Automation Format Screen will
appear.
2. Select Automatically export each new analysis to automatically

export the analysis data after every analysis.
546 AC500 Operation

Communication Settings
1. Click the Communications Settings tab. The Communications
Settings Configuration screen will appear.
2. Click the radio button and select either Unicode or ASCII

encoding.
3. Select either Serial Port or Network.
4. Click Configure to configure serial or network communications.
5. If serial port was selected the Serial Port Configuration screen will
appear. Select the Port, Baud Rate, Data Bits, Parity, Stop Bits
and Flow Control.
Operation AC500 547

Advanced Tab
1. Click the Advanced tab. The Advanced Transmission Format
screen will appear.
2. Position the cursor in the Export Format and click the mouse to
place the cursor at the point in the format to edit a field.
3. Select a Field from the Fields box and click Add Field to Export
Format to add a field.
4. Highlight a Field in the Export Format and then press Delete on
the keyboard to delete it.
548 AC500 Operation

Preview Tab
1. Click the Preview tab. The Preview Transmission Format Screen
will appear. This is a status screen to view the transmit data
format. The transmission format cannot be changed from this
screen.
2. Click OK or Cancel to exit.
Operation AC500 549

Transmitting Selected Samples
Transmit Data permits the operator to select sample data and transmit
the data to a peripheral device. Sample data can be transmitted from
a serial port or over a network.
1. Before data is transmitted a transmission data format must be
defined. Refer to Transmit Data Format Configuration, page 543.
data to transmit. If no sample is selected only the last sample in
the sample grid will be transmitted.
2. Click the Sample menu and select Transmit. The Transmission

Format selection screen will appear. The transmission format
selection screen will not appear unless there is more than one
format selected.
3. Select the Transmission Format and click OK to transmit the

selected sample data. Click Cancel to exit without transmitting any
data.
550 AC500 Operation

Data Backup
Data Backup permits the operator or manager to export sample data

to a file. The file can be saved on the systems hard drive or
transferred to another media for safe storage. If necessary, the file
can be imported and the sample data restored. Refer to Transferring
Import, page 552.
Transferring Export
data to export to a file.
2. Click the Sample menu and select Transfer Export. The export file
selection screen will appear.
4. Select the folder to store the sample data and enter a unique file
name without an extension. The software will automatically add the
proper file extension.
Operation AC500 551

5. Click Save to export and save the sample data to a file.
Transferring Import
Transfer Import restores sample data that was saved as a file by
Transfer Export. Refer to Transferring Export, page 551.
1. Click the Sample menu and select Transfer Import. The Import
File selection screen will appear.
2. Select the File to import by clicking on the file name.
552 AC500 Operation

3. Click Open. The sample data stored in the file will be restored as
the last samples in the sample grid.
Operation AC500 553

Error Messages
Message Cause Probable Solution

Bucket Temperature Low Ambient temperature Increase ambient
below 13oC. temperature above
15oC.Range: 15oC to 33oC.
Bucket Temperature High Ambient temperature Decrease ambient
above 33oC. temperature below
33oC.Range: 15oC to 33oC.
Bucket Temperature Out Occurs during thermistor Verify that the calibration
of Range calibration when the switch is in the run
bucket thermistor position. Monitor the
resistance is 0. bucket/jacket temperature
in the ambient chart and
verify operation of the
thermistor. If necessary
replace the thermistor.
Combustion Vessel Misfire The water temperature did Remove and disassemble
not increase faster than combustion vessel. Check
0.2oC in a 30 second time fuse for proper
period from the start of installation, condition, and
post-fire. Sample being connection. Increase
analyzed has a low ambient temperature
calorific content. above 15oC.Range: 15oC
to 33oC.
Fuse Open Fuse disconnected or Remove and disassemble
broken. combustion vessel. Check
fuse for proper
installation, condition, and
connection.
Igniter Voltage Low Voltage across ignition Check power supply and
capacitor below 26 volts. ignition relay. Both are
located on the interface
circuit board.
Jacket Temperature Low Ambient temperature Increase ambient
below 13oC. temperature above 15oC.
Range: 15oC to 33oC.
Jacket Temperature High Ambient temperature Decrease ambient
above 33oC. temperature above 33oC.
Range: 15oC to 33oC.
554 AC500 Operation

Message Cause Probable Solution
Jacket Temperature Out of Occurs during thermistor Verify that the calibration
Range calibration when the switch is in the run
bucket thermistor position. Monitor the
resistance is 0. bucket/jacket temperature
in the ambient chart and
verify operation of the
thermistor. If necessary
replace the thermistor.
Oxygen Fill Time Out It has taken longer than Check the oxygen gas
180 seconds to pressurize supply and determine if it
the combustion vessel. is low. Verify that the
pressure regulator has
been set to 450 psi.
Reset Memory Detection of a memory Reset memory. Results,
error. system constants, and
calibration will be lost.
Vessel Calibration (X) Out Vessel calibration factor is Verify the correct value
of Range greater than 20,000 Btu/lb was entered for the
or less than 180 Btu/lb. standard and the correct
samples were selected for
calibration.
Vessel (X) maximum Selected vessel has been The combustion vessel
number of firings fired the maximum should be reinspected and
number of time allowed. certified.
Water Level High Water level in reservoir Drain water from
high. Water return tank reservoir. Replace water
filter plugged. return tank filter.
Water Level Low Water level in reservoir Check reservoir water
low. Water return tank level. Replace water return
filter plugged. tank filter.
Weight Out of Range Entered weight is less than Enter correct weight.
0.001 gram or greater
than 8.0 gram.
Reset Memory Detection of a memory Reset memory. Results,
error. system constants, and
calibration will be lost.
Operation AC500 555

556 AC500 Operation

6 Maintenance
Illustrations .................................................................................. 62
Periodic Maintenance Schedule ....................................................... 63
Hydrostatic and Proof Test Maintenance ...................................... 64
Maintenance Counters .............................................................. 65
Modifying Periodic Maintenance Counter ................................. 65
Logging In Periodic Maintenance ........................................... 67
Viewing Log ............................................................................. 68
Combustion Vessel Maintenance ...................................................... 69
General Maintenance ................................................................ 69
Fan Filter Removal and Cleaning ................................................... 610
Particle Filter Replacement ........................................................... 611
Water Return Filter Replacement ................................................... 612
Water System Draining ................................................................ 614
Water System Filling .................................................................... 615
Adjusting the Pressure Safety Release Valve ................................... 616
Maintenance AC500 61
Illustrations
Figure 6-1 Fan Filter Removal ..........................................................610

Figure 6-2 Particle Filter Replacement ...............................................611
Figure 6-3 Water Return Filter Replacement ......................................613
Figure 6-4 Pressure Safety Valve......................................................616
62 AC500 Maintenance
Periodic Maintenance Schedule
Perform the following maintenance procedures on a regular basis.

Periodic maintenance of the instrument will result in improved
instrument performance, which can extend the life of the instrument.
Only qualified personnel should perform inspection, cleaning,
maintenance, or repair. Only original manufacturer consumable and
spare parts should be used.
Frequency Item Procedure

As Needed or Refer to Combustion Vessel
every 75 Thread Fuse Wire Preparation for Thread Fuse,
Analyses page 512.
Particle Filter Inspect daily. Water should fill pipet in
Replacement less than 2 minutes.
Inspect daily. Water should flow
through water return bucket in less
Daily Water Return than 3 minutes.
Bucket Filter Replace every day. Replace more
Replacement often if environment is dirty. Refer to
Water Return Filter Replacement, page
612.
Inspect weekly. Inspect more often if
Weekly environment is dirty. Clean when
Fan Filter
(minimum) visibly dirty. Refer to Fan Filter
Removal and Cleaning, page 610.
Replace every two weeks. Replace
Every 2 weeks Particle Filter more often if environment is dirty.
(minimum) Replacement Refer to Particle Filter Replacement,
page 611.
Safety Pressure Refer to Pressure Safety Regulator
Regulator page 616.
Inspect when replacing reservoir
Annually bucket filter. Depending on usage,
Water Return and
replace water at least every 6 months.
Jacket Tank
Replace with distilled water and add
5ml of wetting agent.
Hydrostatic and Proof Test Maintenance
After every 500 firings the oxygen combustion vessel should be
disassembled for cleaning and the o-rings should be replaced.
Hydrostatic and proof tests shall be repeated if any of the following
have occurred:
Five thousand (5000) firings.
Firing with an excessive charge of either sample (>35000 Joules*)
or oxygen (>500 PSI).
Ignition of any internal part of the vessel, including crucible.
Excessive corrosion or surface defects.
A noticeable change in thread play between vessel enclosure and
capnut; thread tolerance should not be more than 0.010 inch axial
and 0.020 inch diametrical.
See the Oxygen Combustion Vessel Safety Notice, page 131.
Maintenance Counters
The Counters dialog box tracks the periodic maintenance performed on
selected instrument components and alerts the operator when periodic
maintenance is due. Until the required maintenance is logged in, the
Maintenance is Required Soon dialog box will continue to display each
time an analysis is initiated. Refer to Logging In Periodic Maintenance,
page 67.
Only users with permission can edit the Counters dialog box. Refer to
Adding or Changing User Permission for Instrument, page 434.
Modifying Periodic Maintenance Counter

1. Select Configuration and then select Counters. The Counters
dialog box will display.
2. Add or modify a counter.
To add a counter, select Add. A row will be added above the
currently selected row.
To modify a counter, select the counter by selecting on the row
column that corresponds with the counter.
3. Select in each column and enter information as required for
maintenance.
A. In the Name column, enter a name or description of the

component or assembly that requires periodic maintenance.
B. In the Type column, select the arrow and then select the
method used to track periodic maintenance.
C. The Count column tracks the number of items selected in the
Type column.
D. In the Warning column, enter a value to indicate the number
of items from the Type column that can occur before periodic
maintenance is necessary. Analysis will not stop when this
counter limit is reached, but a warning prompt will display
until the maintenance is performed. To turn this function off,
enter zero.
E. In the Stop column, enter a value to indicate the number of
items from the Type column that can occur before the
instrument will stop and no longer analyze samples until
periodic maintenance is performed. To turn this function off,
enter zero.
F. The Resets column displays the total number of times that
periodic maintenance has been performed.
G. The Reset column displays the date and time periodic
maintenance was last performed.
H. In the Comments column, enter any notes regarding
maintenance.
4. Modify the Counters dialog box, if desired, as follows:
To delete a counter, select the desired counter and then select
Delete.
To return the counters in the list to the original settings and/or
return system counters that have been deleted, select Restore.
To sort the Counters, select Ascending, and the Counters will
automatically display in alphabetical and/or numerical order from
lowest to highest. Select Descending, and the Counters will
automatically display in alphabetical and/or numerical order from
highest to lowest.
To change the order of the Counters, select desired counter to
move. Select Promote to move a counter to a higher position in
the table. Select Demote to move a counter to a lower position in
the table.
Logging In Periodic Maintenance
Use the Maintenance dialog box to log in periodic maintenance after it
has been performed. The maintenance counter will be reset when
periodic maintenance is logged in.
1. Select Maintenance and then select Login. The Maintenance dialog
box will display.
2. Select the check box for the item that received periodic
maintenance. If an item is already checked, periodic maintenance
is necessary based on the parameters set for that item in the
Counters dialog box. Refer to Maintenance Counters, page 64.
3. In the Maintenance dialog box, select and enter information in the
Comments dialog box if desired.
4. Select OK. A dialog box, such as the following example, will
display for each item checked.
5. Select Yes if maintenance has been performed; select No if

maintenance has not been performed. Selecting Yes will reset the
periodic maintenance counter for that item to zero, and create a
log entry. Refer to Viewing Log File, below.
Viewing Log
The Log File displays a history of past events. This information can
help to troubleshoot problems that may occur during operation. Every
time one of the following procedures is performed, it will be recorded
in the log file.
Change of Mass by Operator
Data Out of Range (Ambient Monitor parameter values)
Date of last calibration
Date scheduled maintenance is performed
Network Errors
Network Sign-on Errors
Sample Aborted
Sample Deleted
Standard check out-of-range
1. Select Maintenance and then select View Log File. The log will
display.
2. To copy, select desired entry by selecting in the Time column for

each entry. To select more than one entry, hold CTRL while
selecting in the Time column. Once desired entries are selected,
select Copy. The information can then be pasted into another
software application such as Microsoft Word or Excel.
3. To print, select desired entries by selecting in the Time column for
each entry. To select all entries in the log, select in the Time
column of the first entry and then hold Shift, CTRL, and End.
4. Select Print and the Print dialog box will display. Select OK.
Combustion Vessel Maintenance
All LECO combustion vessel assemblies are proof tested as prescribed

by the American National Standards Institute and the American
Society for Testing and Materials (ANSI/ASTM) E144-94 (2001). Refer
to the Oxygen Combustion Vessel Safety Notice, page 131.
For part numbers refer to Figure 10-5
Figure 10-6
Figure 10-7
General Maintenance
The pressure regulator is equipped with a pop-off valve set for

500 psi (34.47 bars) and should be tested periodically. A
combustion vessel that has been over charged should not be
fired. Do not fire a combustion vessel that is leaking oxygen.
Check the combustion vessel every time it is submerged in the
bucket water.
Do not over tighten the needle valve. This could damage the
needle valve seat. Tighten the valve snugly finger tight.
Residue can clog the needle valve seat and impede the release
of oxygen from the combustion vessel. The valve seat can be
cleaned with a piece of 0.064 inch (0.016 cm) 14 gauge wire. A
drill bit may also be used but care must be taken not to scratch
the face of the valve seat.
The combustion vessel should be inspected continuously by all
operators, taking particular attention to the closure o-ring.
Remove the o-ring and wipe it and the o-ring groove with a
clean cloth. Inspect and discard the o-ring if it is worn or cut.
Put a minimal amount of silicone grease on the o-ring by
applying it sparingly and wiping it dry.
For the thread combustion vessel, replace the igniter wire as
necessary to prevent misfires. Replacement intervals will vary
depending on the specific application.
Fan Filter Removal and Cleaning
1. Turn the calorimeter power Off.

2. Remove the four screws holding the fan filter assembly to the
rear of the calorimeter and remove the filter. Refer to Figure 6-2,
page 610.
3. Wash the fan filter with warm soapy water and let it air dry.
4. Reinstall the fan filter assembly using the four screws removed in
step 2.
776-465
FAN FILTER
776-426
FILTER
HOLDER
190-269
SCREW
(4 RE'D)
Figure 6-1
Fan Filter Removal

Particle Filter Replacement
1. Close the pipet valve. Refer to Figure 2-6, page 212.

2. Using a clamp, pinch the tubing coming from the rear of the
calorimeter and going into the particle filter to stop the flow of
water. Refer to Figure 6-3 below.
3. Pull the tubing from both ends of the particle filter to disconnect
the tubing from the particle filter. Dispose of the particle filter.
4. Install the replacement particle filter by pushing the disconnected
tubing onto the ends of the replacement particle filter. Make sure
that the filter is installed so that the arrow points toward the
pipet.
5. Remove the clamp and open the pipet valve to permit water to
flow through the system.
602-646
CLAMP
608-671
PARTICLE
FILTER
PIPET
VALVE
Figure 6-2
Particle Filter Replacement

Water Return Filter Replacement
If the water return filter is not excessively dirty, steps two, three,
five, six, nine and ten may be skipped. In this case, tilt the water
return filter assembly sideways and pull it out of the water return
bucket. After replacement, turn the water return filter assembly
sideways and insert it into the bucket. As the filter assembly
approaches the bottom of the bucket, turn the filter assembly to the
horizontal position and position it on top of the water return filter
screen.
1. Open the lid of the calorimeter that covers the water return
bucket.
2. Slowly remove the water return bucket from the water return
tank by pulling it up. Stop the flow of water from the bottom of
the bucket by covering the small hole in the bottom.
3. Lift the water return bucket out of the water return tank and
drain the water into a sink or the combustion vessel fill station.
Be careful that the filter assembly and filter screen remains in the
bucket. Do not drain the water from the water return bucket back
into the water return tank.
4. Remove the water return bucket filter assembly from the water
return bucket and set it aside for use in step 7. Refer to Figure 6-
4, page 613.
5. Remove the water return bucket screen and wipe it dry with a
clean lint free towel or set it aside to air dry.
6. Dry the water return bucket with a clean lint-free towel or set it
aside to air dry.
7. Remove the o-ring from the filter holder and discard the wet
filter.
8. Install a new filter over one end of the filter holder and secure it
with the o-ring removed in step 7. Set it aside for use in step 11.
9. Insert the water return bucket into the water return tank and let
it settle to the bottom of the water return tank. Permit the water
level in the water return bucket to stabilize.
10. Insert the filter screen into the water return bucket until it is
positioned on the posts on the bottom of the water return bucket.
11. Insert the filter assembly into the water return bucket until it is
positioned on top of the filter screen. Tilt the filter assembly to
permit water to flow around it as it is being inserted. The filter
should be positioned down and set on the filter screen.

608-751
FILTER
HOLDER
502-296
WATER
RETURN FILTER
608-750
O-RING
608-749
FILTER
SCREEN
608-747
WATER
RETURN
BUCKET
608-748
BUCKET STAND-OFF
(3 REQ'D)
Figure 6-3
Water Return Filter Replacement

Water System Draining
When draining the system water, replace the reservoir bucket filter.
Refer to Water Return Filter Replacement, page 612.
1. Turn the calorimeter power OFF.

2. Open the combustion vessel bucket lid and tilt it to the vertical
position. This will permit water to run out of the lid.
3. Remove the water return bucket and water return bucket filter
assembly. At this time, the water return bucket filter should be
changed. Refer to Water Return Filter Replacement, page 612.
4. Open the pipet valve and drain the pipet into the combustion
vessel bucket. Pour the water from the combustion vessel bucket
into the lab sink or drain. Refer to Figure 2-6, page 212.
5. Attach flexible tubing (3/8-inch I.D.) onto the water return tank
drain valve and route the tubing to the lab drain. The lab drain
must be lower in height than the water return tank drain valve.
Do the same for the jacket tank drain valve. Refer to Figure 2-1,
page 27.
6. Open both valves and drain the system water into the lab drain.
When the system is almost empty, lift the front of the calorimeter
up a few inches to permit all the system water to flow out the
drain valves.
7. Close the water return tank and jacket tank drain valves and
remove the tubing attached in step 3.
8. Close the pipet valve.
9. Reinstall the water return bucket removed in step 3.

Water System Filling
POSSIBLE MACHINE DAMAGE

Only use distilled water in the AC500 Automatic
Calorimeter. Failure to do so may cause foreign deposits to
collect in the system and affect results.
1. Close the reservoir tank drain, jacket tank drain, and pump purge
valves.
2. Turn the calorimeter power Off.
3. With the water return bucket removed, pour 9 liters of distilled
water into the water return tank. Keep the lid on the combustion
vessel bucket closed as the system is being filled.
4. Slowly open the pump purge valve and allow air to escape from
the system. As soon water flows from the valve nozzle, close the
pump purge valve. Refer to Figure 2-5, page 211.
5. Close the pipet valve and then turn the calorimeter power On.
Allow water to flow through the system for a few minutes then
add 5 milliliters of wetting agent to the water return tank. Refer
to Figure 2-6, page 212.
6. Insert the water return filter bucket into the water reservoir.
7. Slowly pour approximately 7 liters of distilled water into the water
return tank keeping the water level below 31/4 inches (8.3 cm)
from the top rim of the water return bucket. When the water
stops equilibrating it should be approximately 31/4 inches (8.3 cm)
from the top rim of the water return bucket.
8. Open the pipet valve and allow the pipet to fill. The water level in
the reservoir tank will drop.

Adjusting the Pressure Safety Release Valve
The following procedure explains how to adjust the pressure safety

release valve. For maintenance requirements, check the accuracy of
the pressure regulator on the oxygen tank regulator annually by
following the adjustment procedure explained below.
1. Verify the oxygen tank regulator valve is open. If the tank
pressure is above approximately 500 psi (34.47 bar) when
opening the tank regulator knob, a hissing noise will emit from
the pressure safety release valve.
2. Insert a 1/8" Allen wrench into the valve locking nut.
3. Use an open-ended wrench to just loosen the valve locking nut.
Do not completely loosen or remove the valve locking nut.
Figure 6-4
Pressure Safety Valve
4. Use the 1/8" Allen wrench to adjust the set screw inside the valve
locking nut until the pressure gauge reads approximately 500 psi
(34.47 bar).
5. When the target pressure of 500 psi (34.47 bar) is reached, with
the Allen wrench still in the hole of the valve locking nut, use the
open-ended wrench to tighten the valve locking nut.
6. Use the adjusting screw to set the pressure regulator to 450 psi
(31.03 bar).

7 Theory of Operation
Illustrations .................................................................................. 73
Theory of Operation....................................................................... 75
Calculations and Corrections for Nitrogen, Sulfur, and Net Calorific Value
................................................................................................... 76
Correction For The Energy Of Formation Of Nitric Acid ....................... 77
ASTM Mode ............................................................................. 77
Nitrogen Units (%) .............................................................. 77
Nitrogen Units (ml).............................................................. 77
Nitrogen Units (NF) ............................................................. 77
Nitrogen Units (EE) ............................................................. 77
AUS, DIN, and ISO Modes ......................................................... 78
Nitrogen Units (%) .............................................................. 78
Nitrogen Units (ml).............................................................. 78
GB Mode ................................................................................. 78
Nitrogen Units (%, ml, NF, or EE).......................................... 78
Fuse (Ignition) Wire Correction ....................................................... 79
ASTM, AUS, DIN, ISO, and GB Modes ......................................... 79
Fuse Length........................................................................ 79
Example Showing Conversion to Typical Units ......................... 79
Correction For Energy Of Formation Of Sulfuric Acid ........................ 710
ASTM Mode ........................................................................... 710
Sulfur Units (%), Nitrogen Units (not = ml) .......................... 710
Sulfur Units (%), Nitrogen Units (ml) ................................... 710
AUS, DIN, and ISO Modes ....................................................... 710
Sulfur Units (ml), Nitrogen Units (ml) .................................. 710
Sulfur Units (not = ml), Nitrogen Units (not = ml) ................. 711
GB Mode ............................................................................... 711
Sulfur Units (ml) ............................................................... 711
Sulfur Units (%) ................................................................ 711
Calculation of Calorimeter Energy Equivalent .................................. 712
Calculation of Qraw ....................................................................... 713
Calculation for Net Calorific Value .................................................. 714
ASTM Mode ........................................................................... 714
Hydrogen ......................................................................... 714
DIN Mode .............................................................................. 714
Hydrogen ......................................................................... 714
Theory of Operation AC500 71

AUS, ISO, and GB Modes ........................................................ 715
Hydrogen ......................................................................... 715
Calculation to Other Bases ........................................................... 716
ASTM (D3180), AUS (1038.16), ISO (1170), GB, and DIN (51 900)
Modes ................................................................................... 716
DIN Mode .............................................................................. 716
Example Calculations ................................................................... 718
ASTM Mode ........................................................................... 718
Nitrogen Units (ml)............................................................ 718
Nitrogen Units (%) ............................................................ 718
Fuse Wire Correction ......................................................... 718
Sulfur Units (% or ml), Nitrogen Units (not = ml) .................. 718
Gross Calorific Value Calculation ......................................... 718
Net Calorific Value Calculation (Har) .................................... 718
Net Calorific Value Calculation (Had).................................... 718
As-Received Basis ............................................................. 718
Dry Ash-Free Basis ............................................................ 719
DIN Mode .............................................................................. 719
Nitrogen Units (ml)............................................................ 719
Nitrogen Units (%) ............................................................ 719
Sulfur Units (ml), Nitrogen Units (ml) .................................. 719
Sulfur Units (not ml), Nitrogen Units (not = ml) .................... 719
GB Mode ............................................................................... 720
Nitrogen Units (%, ml, NF or EE) ......................................... 720
Sulfur Units (% or ml), Nitrogen Units (not = ml) .................. 721
72 AC500 Theory of Operation

Illustrations
Figure 7-1 Water Flow Diagram ........................................................722


Theory of Operation
The LECO AC500 Automatic Calorimeter is a Windows-based

instrument, developed to measure the calorific content of various
organic materials such as coal, coke, and fuel oil.
The calorific value of a sample is determined by combustion of the
sample in a controlled environment. The heat released is proportional
to the calorific value of the substance.
In the AC500 Automatic Calorimeter, the sample is placed in a high-
pressure atmospheric environment called a Combustion Vessel. The
Combustion Vessel is surrounded by water and the sample is ignited.
The temperature of the water is measured by an electronic
thermometer with a resolution of 1/10,000 of a degree. During analysis,
the fan speed is modulated to control the jacket temperature.
In this Isoperibolic system, there may be some energy exchange
between the outside environment and the water surrounding the
combustion vessel. This is accounted for by continuously monitoring
the bucket and jacket temperatures during analysis and by applying a
correction to the result.
The microprocessor measures the temperature of the water
surrounding the combustion vessel every six seconds. The analog to
digital converter converts this output into a binary number that is
stored in memory. The difference in water temperature between pre-
fire and post-fire is processed by the computer where the result is
corrected for spiking (if used) and the heat of the combustion fuse.
Additional corrections can be made for nitrogen, sulfur, hydrogen,
moisture, and ash content of the sample. A titration of the contents of
the combustion vessel may then be made and the results recalculated
if the sulfur or nitrogen contents were entered incorrectly.

Calculations and Corrections for Nitrogen, Sulfur, and
Net Calorific Value
The following calculations and corrections have been implemented in

the AC500 software for the formation of nitric acid, sulfuric acid, and
the calculation for net calorific value.
There are five calculation/correction modes:
1. ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) (Method
D240, D5496)
2. AUS (Australian Standard) (Method D1038.5)
3. DIN (German Standard) (Method 51 900)
4. ISO (International Standard) (Method 1928)
5. GB (Chinese Standard) (Method GB-213)
The parameters for the various calculations are entered as system-
wide parameters in System Options or as method parameters in
Analysis Method options. Many of these parameters can also be
specified before an analysis, during sample login, or after an analysis
has been completed from the Analyze Menu (Edit Last Result) or
Results Menu (Edit). In either case, results are recalculated and printer
based on the modified parameters.

Correction For The Energy Of Formation Of Nitric Acid
ASTM Mode
Nitrogen Units (%)

e1 = 10.0 x N x g x 1.8127
e1 The thermochemical correction in Btuglb-1 for the formation of Nitric Acid
10 The energy in [Btuglb-1]ml-1
N The percent Nitrogen in the sample
g The sample weight in grams
1.8127 The conversion factor to convert %N to ml of (0.394 Normal) Na2CO3 solution
The sample weight and %N can be entered during sample login or after the analysis has been completed
when editing result parameters.
Nitrogen Units (ml)

e1 = 10.0 x V
10 The energy in [Btuglb-1]ml-1
V The volume in ml of (0.394 Normal) Na2CO3 solution
When a normality other than 0.394 is used, the Volume is adjusted by the ratio of the normality specified
in System Options for "Normality N" to the normality specified by ASTM of (0.394 N). A typical volume V
can be entered during sample login or the actual volume can be entered after the analysis has been
completed when editing result parameters.
Nitrogen Units (NF)

e1 = NF x g x Std
NF A unit less factor
Std The current calibration standard in Btulb-1
The Nitrogen Factor (NF) can be defined in the Method, during sample login or after the analysis has been
completed when editing result parameters. The standard Std is entered and defined on the calibration
screen.
Nitrogen Units (EE)

e1 = EE
EE The Energy Equivalent in Btuglb-1 required to correct the result
The Energy Equivalent Factor (EE) can be defined in the Method, during sample login or after the analysis
has been completed when editing result parameters.

AUS, DIN, and ISO Modes
Nitrogen Units (%)

e1 = N x g x 18.416[Btuglb-1]
N The percent Nitrogen in the sample
Q The sample weight in grams
18.416 The energy associated with the formation of Nitric Acid (60kJ/mol / 14.0067 = 4.284kJ/g =
18.416 wt% Btu/lb)
The sample weight and %N can be entered during sample login or after the analysis has been completed
when editing result parameters.
Nitrogen Units (ml)

e1 = (20 - 10V1C1) x 6.0[J/ml] = (20 - 10V1C1) x 2.5795[Btuglb-1]
V1 The volume in ml of Hydrochloric acid solution used
C1 The concentration of the Hydrochloric acid solution
18.416 wt% Btu/lb)
The concentration for the solution use is defined in System Options C1 = Normality_N. The volume V1 =
Nitrogen can be defined in the Method, entered during sample login or after the analysis has been
When V1(Nitrogen) = 0.00 no correction is calculated and e1 is forced
to be zero.
Nitrogen Units (NF and EE)
e1 = same as ASTM
GB Mode
Nitrogen Units (%, ml, NF, or EE)

e1 = aQfDT[kJ/g] = aQfDT[Btuglb-1]
= 0.0010 for QfDT <=16.7kJ/g
= 0.0012 for 16.7kJ/g <=QfDT <=25.1kJ/g
= 0.0016 for QfDT >= 25.1kJ/g
f
Q DT The gross calorific value after fuse correction
A factor based on the criteria specified above
18.416 wt% Btu/lb)
Although no editable parameters are used in this calculation the nitrogen value should be set to some
value (e.g. 1.0) to enable this correction. The value for nitrogen can be defined in the Method, entered
during sample login or after the analysis has been completed when editing result parameters.
When Nitrogen = 0.00, no correction is calculated and e1 is forced to
be zero.

Fuse (Ignition) Wire Correction
ASTM, AUS, DIN, ISO, and GB Modes
Fuse Length
e2 = F x FE[Btuglb ] cm-1
-1
e2 The correction for the heat of combustion of the ignition wire in Btuglb -1
F The length of the consumed fuse wire in cm
FE The Fuse Energy in Btuglb-1/cm
The fuse length and fuse energy can be defined in System Options, page 416, and the final fuse length
can be entered/edited during sample login or after the analysis has been completed when editing result
parameters
Example Showing Conversion to Typical Units
9.5 J 1 Btu Btu

X = 0.0090
cm 1055.056 J cm
0.0090
Btu
cm
X
453.59 g
lb
= 4.1 ( Btu
cm
) ( g
lb
)

Correction For Energy Of Formation Of Sulfuric Acid
ASTM Mode
Sulfur Units (%), Nitrogen Units (not = ml)

e3 = S x g x 39.6[Btuglb-1]
e3 The thermochemical correction in Btuglb-1 for the formation of sulfuric acid
S The percent sulfur in the sample
39.6 The energy associated with the formation of sulfuric Acid (295kJ/mol/32.064=9.20kJ/g =
39.6 wt% Btu/lb).
The sample weight and %S can be defined in the Method entered during sample login or after the analysis
Sulfur Units (%), Nitrogen Units (ml)

23.7 The energy associated with the formation of sulfuric acid
The sample weight and %S can be defined in the Method, entered during sample login or after the
analysis has been completed when editing result parameters.
The energy of formation of H2SO4 is -295 kJ/mol, 9.22 kJ/g or 40.8

Btu/lb. However, when the nitrogen correction is taken into account
the resulting energy is 177 kJ/mol, 5.52 kJ/g or 23.7 Btu/lb.
AUS, DIN, and ISO Modes
Sulfur Units (ml), Nitrogen Units (ml)

e3 = (10V1C1 + 20V2C2 - 20) x 15.1[J/ml] = (10V1C1 + 20V2C2 - 20) x
6.4918[Btuglb-1]
V1 The volume in ml of hydrochloric acid solution used
C1 The concentration of the hydrochloric acid solution
V2 The volume in ml of barium hydroxide solution used
C2 The concentration of the barium hydroxide solution
The concentration for solutions use are defined in System Options C1 = Normality_N and C2 =
Normality_S. The volumes V1 = Nitrogen and V2 = Sulfur can be defined in the Method entered during
sample login or after the analysis has been completed when editing result parameters.
When V2(Sulfur) = 0.00 no correction is calculated and e3 is forced to
be zero.

Sulfur Units (not = ml), Nitrogen Units (not = ml)
The sample weight and %S can be defined in the Method, entered during sample login or after the
GB Mode
Sulfur Units (ml)

e3 = 95 x SfDT [J/g] = 40.8 x SfDT [Btuglb-1]
SfDT = (V2C2/g - aQfDT/59.8) 1.6 [J] = (V2C2/g - QfDT /25.7094) 1.6[Btu]
V2 The volume in ml of sodium hydroxide solution used
C2 The concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution
The concentration for the solution use is defined in System Options C2 = Normality_S. The volume V2 =
Sulfur can be defined in the Method then entered during sample login or after the analysis has been
Sulfur Units (%)

e3 = S x g x 95[J/g] = S x g x 40.8[Btuglb-1]
The sample weight and %S can be defined in the Method then entered during sample login or after the
When V2(Sulfur) = 0.00 no correction is calculated and e3 is forced to
be zero.

Calculation of Calorimeter Energy Equivalent
E= [ mH+e1+e2
t
]
E Calorimeter energy equivalent (Btu/oC) (g/lb)
H Heat of combustion of benzoic acid (Btu/lb)
m Mass of benzoic acid (g)
e1 Nitrogen titration collection (Btug)/lb
e2 Fuse collection (Btug)/lb
t Temperature change (oC)

Calculation of Qraw
Qraw = (tE)
Qraw Raw calorific value in (Btug)/lb

t Corrected Delta temperature(oC)
E Calorimeter energy equivalent (Btug)/oClb

Calculation for Net Calorific Value
ASTM Mode
Hydrogen
Qnet = Qgr -10.30(Har x 9)[Btulb-1] = Qgr - (HF x Har)[Btulb-1]

Qnet The net calorific value in Btu/lb
Qgr The gross calorific value in Btu/lb
10.30 The latent heat of vaporization of water in Btu/lb
Har The known weight percent of Hydrogen As-Received basis in the sample
9 The approximation for the ratio of the molecular weight of water H2O and diatomic
hydrogen H2
The default Hydrogen Factor HF = 10.3 x 9 = 92.7[Btulb-1]. The % Har and Hydrogen Factor (HF) can be
defined in the Method then entered during sample login or after the analysis has been completed when
editing result parameters.
When hydrogen is entered in As-Determined basis the following calculation is made

to convert Hydrogen As-Determined to Hydrogen As-Received.
Har = [(Had 0.1119 Mad) X 100 - Mar ] + 0.1119 Mar

100 - Mad
Har Hydrogen As-Received
Had Hydrogen As-Determined
0.1119 The ration of the molecular weight diatomic Hydrogen H2 and water H2O
Mar The % Moisture in the sample As-Received
Mad The % Moisture in the sample As-Determined
DIN Mode
Hydrogen
Qnet = Qgr - 24.41(Had x 8.936)[J/g] = Qgr - (HF x Had)[Btulb-1]
24.41 The latent heat of vaporization of water in J/g
Had The known weight percent of Hydrogen As-Determined basis in the sample
8.936 The ratio of the molecular weight of water H2O and diatomic Hydrogen H2
The default Hydrogen Factor HF = 24.41 x 8.936 = 218.13[J/g] or 93.78[Btulb -1]. The %Had and
Hydrogen Factor (HF) can be defined in the Method then entered during sample login or after the analysis

AUS, ISO, and GB Modes
Hydrogen
Qnet = (Qgr 206H) X 100 - Mar - 23Mt [J/g]

100 - Mad
(Qgr 88.56H) X 100 - Mar - 9.89Mt [Btu/lb]
100 - Mad
H The known weight percent of hydrogen in the sample
Mt The percent Total Moisture
M The percent Moisture Air Dry
The %H, M and Mt can be defined in the Method then entered during sample login or after the analysis has
been completed when editing result parameters.

Calculation to Other Bases
ASTM (D3180), AUS (1038.16), ISO (1170), GB, and

DIN (51 900) Modes
DIN is when Q=Qgross only.
As-Received Basis
Qar = Qad X 100 - Mar
100 - Mad
Dry Basis
Qd = Qad X 100
100 - Mad
Ash-Free Basis
Qd = Qad X 100
100 - Aad
Dry Ash-Free Basis

Qd = Qad X 100
100 - Mad - Aad
Q The calorific value
M The percent moisture
A The percent ash
ar As-Received Basis
ad As-Determined Basis
d Dry Basis
af Ash-Free Basis
daf Dry Ash-Free Basis
DIN Mode
DIN is when Q = Qnet only.
As-Received Basis
Qar = [Qad + k(Mad) X 100 - Mar - k(Mar)
100 - Mad
Dry Basis
Qd = [Qad + k(Mad)] X 100
100 - Mad

Ash-Free Basis
Qd = [Qad + k(Mad)] X 100
100 - Aad
Dry Ash-Free Basis

Qdaf = [Qad + k(Mad) X 100
100 - Mad - Aad
Q The calorific value
M The percent moisture
A The percent ash
ar As-Received Basis
ad As-Determined Basis
d Dry Basis
af Ash-Free Basis
daf Dry Ash-Free Basis
k The specific heat of evaporation of water at 25oC @ 24.41[J/g] or 10.494[Btu/lb]

Example Calculations
ASTM Mode
Given:
Qraw = 11,597[Btu]
Sample Mass = 0.9996[g]
Fuse Length = 6.0[cm]F
Fuse Btu = 4.1[Btucm-1]FE
ml of Na2CO3 = 2.03[ml]V
% Nitrogen = 1.12[%]N
% Sulfur=0.68[%] = S
% Hydrogen=4.24[%] = H
% Total Moisture=9.2[%] = Mar
% Moisture=2.16[%] = Mad
% Ash=14.8[%] = Aad
Hydrogen Factor = 92.7
Nitrogen Units (ml)

e1 = 10.0 x V = 10.0 x 2.03 = 20.3[Btuglb-1]
Nitrogen Units (%)

e1 = 10.0 x N x g x 1.8127 = 10.0 x 1.12 x 0.9996 x 1.8127 = 20.3[Btuglb-1]
Fuse Wire Correction

e2 = F x FE[Btuglb-1] cm-1 = 6.0 x 4.1 = 24.6[Btuglb-1]
Sulfur Units (% or ml), Nitrogen Units (not = ml)

e3 = S x g x 39.6[Btuglb-1] = 0.68 x 0.9996 x 39.6 = 26.9[Btuglb-1]
Gross Calorific Value Calculation

Qgross = (Qraw - e1 - e2 - e3) g-1 = (11,597 - 20.3 - 24.6 - 26.9)/0.9996 =
11,530[Btulb-1]
Net Calorific Value Calculation (Har)

Qnet = Qgr - (HF x Har) = 11,530 - (92.7 x 4.24) = 11,137[Btulb-1]
Net Calorific Value Calculation (Had)

100 Mar
Har= [(Had 0.1119 Mad) X ]+0.1119 Mar = 4.74 Har
100 - Mad
Qnet=Qgr-(HF x Har)=11,530 (92.7 x 4.74) = 11,091[Btulb-1]
As-Received Basis
100 Mar 100 Mar
Qar = Qad X = 11,091 x = 10,293[Btuib-1]
100 - Mad 100 - Mad

Dry Ash-Free Basis
DIN Mode
Given:
Qraw =11,597[Btu]
Sample Mass =0.9996[g]
Fuse Length =6.0[cm] =F
Fuse Btu =4.1[Btucm-1] =FE
ml of Hydrochloric Acid =12.01[ml] =V1
ml of Barium Hydroxide =7.01[ml] =V2
% Nitrogen =1.12[%] =N
% Sulfur =0.68[%] =S
% Hydrogen =4.24[%] =H
% Total Moisture =9.2[%] =Mar
% Moisture =2.16[%] =Mad
% Ash =14.8[%] =Aad
Hydrogen Factor =92.7
Concentration of Hydrochloric Acid Solution =0.1N =C1
Concentration of Barium Hydroxide Solution =0.1N =C2
Nitrogen Units (ml)

e1 = (20 - 10V1C1) x 2.5795 = (20 - 10 x 12.01 x 0.1) x 2.5795 =
20.6[Btuglb-1]
Nitrogen Units (%)

e1 = N x g x 18.416 = 1.12 x 0.9996 x 18.416 = 20.6[Btuglb-1]

e2 = F x FE[Btuglb-1] cm-1 = 6.0 x 4.1 = 24.6[Btuglb-1]
Sulfur Units (ml), Nitrogen Units (ml)

e3 = (10V1C1 + 20V2C2 - 20) x 6.4918 = 39.1[Btuglb-1]
Sulfur Units (not ml), Nitrogen Units (not = ml)

e3 = S x g x 40.8[Btuglb-1] = 0.68 x 0.9996 x 40.8
= 27.7[Btuglb-1]

Qgross = (Qraw - e1 - e2 - e3) g-1 = (11,597 - 20.6 - 24.6 - 27.7)/0.9996 =
11,529[Btulb-1]

Qnet = Qgr - (HF x Har) = 11,529 - (93.78 x 4.24) = 11,131[Btulb-1]
As-Received Basis
100 - Mar
Qar = [Qad + k(Mad) X - k(Mar) = 10,254[Btulb-1]
100 - Mad
Dry Ash-Free Basis

100
Qdaf = [Qad + k(Mad)] X = 14,676[Btulb-1]
100 - Mad -n - Aad
GB Mode
Given:
Qraw =11,597[Btu]
Sample Mass =0.9996[g]
Fuse Length =6.0[cm] =F
Fuse Btu =4.1[Btucm-1] =FE
ml of Hydrochloric Acid =12.01[ml] =V1
ml of Barium Hydroxide =7.01[ml] =V2
% Nitrogen =1.12[%] =N
% Sulfur =0.68[%] =S
% Hydrogen =4.24[%] =H
% Total Moisture =9.2[%] =Mar
% Moisture =2.16[%] =Mad
% Ash =14.8[%] =Aad
Hydrogen Factor =92.7
Concentration of Hydrochloric Acid Solution =0.1N =C1
Concentration of Sodium Hydroxide Solution =0.1N =C2

e2 = F x FE[Btuglb ] cm-1 = 6.0 x 4.1 = 24.6[Btuglb-1]
-1
Nitrogen Units (%, ml, NF or EE)

e1 = QfDT[kJ/g] = 0.0016 x 11,570 = 18.5[Btuglb-1]

Sulfur Units (% or ml), Nitrogen Units (not = ml)
e3 = 40.8 x (V2C2/g - QfDT/25.7094) 1.6 = 40.8 x (13.98x0.1/ 0.9996 -
0.0016x11570/25.7094) 1.6 = 44.3[Btuglb-1]

Qgross = (Qraw - e1 - e2 - e3) g-1 = (11,597 - 18.5 - 24.6 - 44.3)/0.9996 =
11,514[Btulb-1]

Qnet = (Qgr - 88.564H ) X 100 Mt = - 9.89Mt
100 - Mad - Aad
100 9.2 - 9.89 X 9.2 = 10,246[Btulb-1]

= (11,514 - 88.564H) X
100 - 216
As-Received Basis
Qar = Qad X 100 - Mar = 10,246 X 100-9.2 = 9,509[Btulb-1]

100 - Mad 100-216
Dry Ash-Free Basis

Qdaf = Qad X 100 - Mar = 10,246 X 100 = 12,339[Btulb-1]
100 - Mad- Aad 100-2.16-14.8

Heat Exchanger Pump
Pump Purge
Valve
Jacket Drain Reservoir
Valve Drain Valve
Particle
Filter
Jacket Reservoir Pipet
Lid
Figure 7-1
Water Flow Diagram


8 Diagnostics
Monitoring Ambient Chart............................................................... 83
Ambient Nominal Values ........................................................... 84
Solenoids and Switches .................................................................. 85
Backup (Hardware) Calibration ....................................................... 86
Backup Calibration Values ......................................................... 86
Restore Calibration Values ......................................................... 87
Hardware Calibration ..................................................................... 89
Edit Preamplifier Calibration ...................................................... 89
Preamplifier Calibration ........................................................... 810
Thermistor Calibration ............................................................ 812
Communications ......................................................................... 814
Diagnostics AC500 81
82 AC500 Diagnostics
Monitoring Ambient Chart
Use the Ambient Chart to monitor instrument parameters during

operation or service of the instrument.
1. Click Diagnostics and select Chart to display the Ambient Monitor

Chart screen.
2. Click the Check Box, to the left of the desired parameter, to

display the parameter value in the graph above the chart. More
than one parameter can be displayed by holding down the Control
Key and clicking the Parameter Check Box.
A yellow circle with an exclamation mark inside, to the left of the
check box, indicates the parameter value is outside the desired
range.
3. Click the right mouse button, with the mouse pointer inside the
graph, to reset, restore, zoom in, zoom out, and set the graph
range. The parameter value is displayed on the vertical axis and
the time is displayed on the horizontal axis. The box in the lower
left corner of the graph displays the hours since the instrument
was turned on or the graph reset. The hours reset to 0 after 24.
4. Click Reset Chart to reset the maximum and minimum parameter
values in the chart and time axis on the graph.
5. Click Print to print the parameter values on the system printer.
Ambient Nominal Values
Parameter Nominal Value Range Units

o
Bucket Ambient Dependent 13 to 33 C
o
Jacket Ambient Dependent 13 to 33 C
Igniter 29.00 to 30.00 28.00 to 31.00 Volts
Fan (DAC) Fan Enabled 2730 0 - 4095
Fan Disable 2048
Solenoids and Switches
Solenoids and Switches permit the service engineer or operator to

view the solenoid and switch states. The solenoid valves can be
toggled on and off but the switch states cannot be changed.
1. From the Diagnostics menu select Solenoids and Switches. The

Solenoids and Switches screen will appear.
2. Click the Check Box next to the desired solenoid valve or switch
to activate or deactivate it. A check mark in the box indicates its
activated.
3. Click Print to print the solenoid and switch states on the system
printer.
Backup (Hardware) Calibration
Backup Calibration permits the operator to save hardware calibration

parameter values in a designated file on the system hard drive. This
file can be accessed at a later time to restore hardware calibration
values that may have been lost or changed. It is not necessary to
backup the calibration values to save them; the instrument will
automatically save them in a system file.
Backup Calibration saves the following parameter values:
Bucket Gain
Bucket Offset
Jacket Gain
Jacket Offset
Jacket Calibration
Backup Calibration Values

1. From the Diagnostics menu click Hardware Calibration.
The Hardware Calibration screen will appear.
2. Click Backup to create a backup file of the hardware calibration

parameter values. The file save as screen will appear.
3. Enter the file name and folder location in the screen.
4. Click Save to save the backup file.
Restore Calibration Values

If the Bucket and Jacket parameter values are known they can be
entered manually.
1. From the Diagnostics menu click Hardware Calibration.
The Hardware Calibration screen will appear.
2. Click Restore to load the hardware calibration values that have

been saved in a backup file. The file open screen will appear.
3. Select the folder and backup file from the screen.
4. Click Open to load the calibration values from the selected backup
file.
Hardware Calibration
The Preamplifier and Thermistor calibration procedures calibrate the

thermistor preamplifier and the bucket thermistors. It compensates for
electrical differences in the thermistor preamplifier and thermistors.
If the calibration values are lost due to a system problem, calibration
should be performed before samples are analyzed.
Edit Preamplifier Calibration should only be used to enter calibration

values that have been known and lost. If the correct calibration values
are not known, preamplifier and jacket calibration should be
performed.
Edit Preamplifier Calibration

The original calibration values can be restored using the restore
calibration values procedure. Refer to Restore Calibration Values, page
87.
1. From the Diagnostics menu click calibrations to display the

calibrations screen.
2. Edit the Bucket Gain and Offset or the Jacket Gain, Offset and
Calibration values by clicking the box to the right of the
parameter and entering a new value.
3. After the desired values are entered close the diagnostics screen.
4. Click Print to print the calibration values on the system printer.
Preamplifier Calibration
1. From the Diagnostics menu click Calibration to display the

Calibration screen.
2. In the Calibration box click Preamplifier to calibrate the Bucket

Preamplifier. The Calibrate Preamplifier screen will be displayed.
Click Abort to exit this procedure without changing the calibration.
3. Turn the preamplifier calibration switch to position 1 and click

Continue to continue with calibration. The calorimeter will
equilibrate for 70 seconds. Refer to Figure 10-4, page 106 for
the location of the preamplifier calibration switch.
4. After the equilibration time has expired the second calibrate

preamplifier screen will be displayed.

5. Turn the preamplifier calibration switch to position 2 and click

Continue to continue the calibration. The calorimeter will
equilibrate for 30 seconds. Refer to Figure 10-4, page 106 for
the location of the preamplifier calibration switch.
6. After the equilibration time has expired the Calibration Complete
screen will be displayed.
7. Turn the preamplifier calibration switch to Run and click Continue

to exit and save the calibration. Refer to Figure 10-4, page 106
for the location of the preamplifier calibration switch.

Thermistor Calibration
1. From the Diagnostics menu click Calibration to display the

Calibration screen.
2. In the Calibration box click Jacket to calibrate the Jacket

Thermistor. The Calibrate Jacket screen will be displayed.
3. Open the combustion vessel bucket lid and remove the four
screws securing the cover. Hold the cover while the screws are
being removed to prevent it from falling. Refer to Figure 8-1,
page 815.
4. Remove the jacket inlet cap from the jacket inlet and set it aside.
5. Remove the bucket thermistor and insert it into the jacket inlet.
Tighten the thermistor finger tight.

6. Click Continue to continue with calibration. The calorimeter will
equilibrate for a period of time.
7. After equilibration is finished the next Calibration screen will be
displayed.
8. Click Yes to turn the water flow OFF. In either case the calibration
will be saved.
Yes must be pressed to turn the water pump off and remove the
bucket thermistor. If No is pressed and the thermistor is removed
water will rush out of the calorimeter.
9. The Calibration Complete screen will be displayed.
10. Click Continue to exit calibration.

11. Move the thermistor to the bucket inlet and reinstall the cap on
the jacket inlet.
12. Reinstall the combustion vessel bucket lid cover.

Communications
Communications is a diagnostic utility used by the service engineer or

operator to troubleshoot the calorimeter. In some cases it may be of
advantage to the service engineer and LECO to analyze the data
collected by this utility for diagnostic and troubleshooting purposes.
Communications must be used with direction from a LECO service
engineer.
1. Click Diagnostics and select Communications. The

Communications screen will appear.
2. Click the Pause Check Box to stop the data scrolling in the
communications data window.
3. Click the Hide Analysis State check box to stop the analysis status
messages from being displayed.
4. Click the Hide Outgoing check box to stop outgoing messages
from the computer from being displayed.
5. Click the Hide Incoming check box to stop incoming messages
from the computer from being displayed.
If Hide Analysis State, Hide Outgoing and Hide Incoming are all
checked only network and error messages will be displayed.
6. To search for data or messages enter search data into the edit
box and click Find. Communications will pause during the search.
7. Click Copy to Clipboard to save the communications data scrolling
on the screen in the computer clipboard. The data can be pasted
from the clipboard to another file for analysis.
8. Click Close to exit diagnostics.

603-343
THERMISTOR
PROBE 190-267
COVER SCREWS
620-806
(4 REQ'D)
JACKET INSULATION 608-738
BUCKET
608-736 STIR
COMBUSTION VESSEL
TANK
JACKET CAP/
608-732 TANK PLUG
BOTTOM
INSULATION
Figure 8-1
Thermistor Location

This Page Intentionally Left Blank.

9 Service
Illustrations .................................................................................. 92
Combustion Vessel Charger O-ring Replacement ............................. 929
Troubleshooting .......................................................................... 930
Service AC500 91
Illustrations

Figure 10-12 Lid Plate 608-893 ........................................................1014
92 AC500 Service
Installing LECO Software
The following section explains the required settings, below, and the
installation procedure, page 95, for LECO software. Additional
information can be found in Configuring the Ethernet Adaptor,
page 912, Configuring Firewall Settings, page 921, and Registering
the Software, page 922.
Required Settings for LECO Software
Operating System (OS) Requirements

The following table explains the minimum settings required for LECO
software. LECO recommends that the system always be updated to
correspond with the latest service packs available at
www.microsoft.com.
Windows OS Minimum Requirements

7 (32-bit or 64-bit,
None
64-bit preferred)
Vista (32-bit) None
XP (32-bit) SP2
2000 (32-bit) *SP4; **URP1; ***IE6
*SP=Service Pack; **URP=Update Rollup; ***IE=Internet Explorer
OS User Permission Requirements

The following table shows the minimum permissions that a user must
have in the Microsoft Windows OS in order to perform certain tasks in
the software. Refer to Users Permissions.
Task Minimum Permission

Using Software Standard User
Installing Software Administrator
Upgrading Software Administrator
Setting up Users Administrator
LECO Service Administrator
Service AC500 93
Data File Permissions
To use LECO software, read-write access is required for all the data
files. The proper permissions are automatically set up during the
software installation; however, if these permissions are ever changed,
file access errors can occur. The following table shows the data folders
that require read-write permissions.
Data Folder (including all

Windows OS subfolders/files) (Use the appropriate
drive letter, typically C.)
7, 64-bit ProgramData\LECO (hidden OS folder)
Vista ProgramData\LECO (hidden OS folder)
XP C:\Documents and Settings\All
Users\Application Data\LECO
2000 C:\Documents and Settings\All
Antivirus Software
LECO recommends that antivirus checking be turned off
for the files listed below to avoid interference with data
collection or storage.
Data Folder (including all

Windows OS subfolders/files) (Use the appropriate
drive letter, typically C.)
Vista ProgramData\LECO (hidden OS folder)
XP C:\Documents and Settings\All
2000 C:\Documents and Settings\All
94 AC500 Service
Control Panel Settings
Control Panel Item Required Setting
Power Power Schemes Always On

Options Turn off Hard Disks Never
If Fast User Switching is
active (off by default on PCs
from LECO), close the LECO
User
Use Fast User Switching software in one account
Accounts
before switching to a
different account and trying
to run it there.
Software Installation Procedure
The software must be started at least once on the administrative

level since the software must be able to access and modify the
registry.
Do not install the Copy Protection Key until after the software
has been installed.
1. Verify the instrument is turned off.

2. Turn on the computer tower.
3. Install the communications cable (typically Ethernet or USB) as
appropriate for the instrument.
4. For an Ethernet connection, configure the Ethernet adapter. Refer
to Configuring Ethernet Adapter, page 912.
5. Log in to the operating system as administrator.
6. Insert the software installation CD-ROM into the CD-ROM disk
drive (typically D).
7. Install the LECO DHCPlite software by clicking OK when the
following message appears. (If the LECO DHCPlite software is
already installed or not applicable, this message will not appear.)
8. If a version of Adobe Reader is already installed, refer to step 14.

If Adobe Reader is not installed, the following dialog box will
appear.
Service AC500 95
9. Select Next. The following message box will appear to indicate
Adobe Reader is preparing for installation.
10. Determine the folder location for Adobe Reader. Select Next for
the default location, or select Browse, select a different location,
and then select Next.
96 AC500 Service
11. When the "Ready to Install Program" dialog box appears, click
Install.
12. When the "Setup Completed" dialog box appears, click Finish.
Service AC500 97
13. If the instrument software Welcome dialog box does not appear
A. Select the Start button in the lower left-hand corner.
B. Select Run. The Run dialog box is displayed.
C. Enter D:\Setup.exe and then select OK. (The letter D
indicates the location of the CD Rom drive. Typically this
drive is D, but the letter that is entered should correspond
with the CD-ROM drive on the computer's hard drive.)
14. At the instrument software Welcome dialog box, click Next.
98 AC500 Service
15. Determine the folder location for the software. Select Next for the
default location, or select Browse, select a different location, and
then select Next.
16. Select Next to install the software.
Service AC500 99
17. Once the software has installed successfully, select Finish. The
icon for the instrument software will appear on the desktop.
18. After installing the software, it may be necessary to restart the

system. If the following dialog box displays, select Yes to
immediately restart the system.
910 AC500 Service

19. Turn on the instrument.
20. Turn on the gas supplies.
21. Double-click the desktop icon for the instrument software to start
the software.
If the Edit Registration dialog box appears, refer to Registering
the Software, page 922.
Service AC500 911

Configuring the Ethernet Adapter
The following procedure is necessary for the proper operation of the

software with a Copy Protection Key and applies for computer systems
that are not supplied by LECO. For computers supplied by LECO, this
configuration has already been completed.
It is required that PCs used for running LECO applications be

configured with a separate Ethernet adapter dedicated for
communications with LECO instrumentation. (Connection to a
network would require a second Ethernet port.)
Windows 7
The following steps apply when using the Windows 7 operating

system.
1. Click on the Windows desktop and then click Control Panel.

2. Click Network and Sharing.
912 AC500 Service

3. Click Change Adapter Settings.
4. Right-click on the name of the connection for the instrument and

rename it to LECO Hardware.
5. Right-click and select Properties.
Service AC500 913

6. Clear all of the check boxes except Internet Protocol Version 4
(TCP/IPv4).
914 AC500 Service

7. Highlight Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) by clicking on it
and then select Properties.
Service AC500 915

8. For IP address, enter 10 10 10 2, and for Subnet mask, enter 255
255 255 0. The remaining fields should be empty as shown
below.
9. Click OK.
Windows Vista
The following steps apply when using the Windows Vista operating
system.
1. Click on the Windows desktop.

2. From the Start Menu, select Control Panel.
3. From the Control Panel, select Network and Internet, click
Network and Sharing, and then select Manage Network
Connections.
4. On the Manage Network Connections tab, click on the connection
that will be used for the instrument.
916 AC500 Service

5. Click on the name of the connection and rename it to LECO
Hardware.
6. Right-click and select Properties.

7. Clear all of the check boxes except Internet Protocol Version 4
(TCP/IPv4) as shown below.
8. Highlight Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) by clicking on it

and then select Properties.
Service AC500 917

9. For IP address, enter 10 10 10 2, and for Subnet mask, enter 255
255 255 0. The remaining fields should be empty as shown
below.
10. Click OK.
Windows XP
1. Determine if a network connection is installed as follows: click

Start on the Windows desktop, select Settings, Control Panel, and
then double-click on Network Connections. If a network
connection exists, it will appear in the Network Connections dialog
box. An example is displayed below.
2. If a network connection is not installed, install an Ethernet

adapter. Refer to the instructions supplied with the Ethernet
adapter for installation procedures.
3. Once the Ethernet adapter is installed and with the computer on,
select Start, Settings, Control Panel, and then double-click on
Network Connections.
4. Click on the name of the connection for the instrument and then
rename it to LECO Hardware.
918 AC500 Service

5. Right-click on LECO Hardware and select Properties. The
Properties dialog box will appear.
6. Select the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) check box. The other check
boxes should be cleared.
7. Click on Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) and select Properties. The
TCP/IP Properties dialog box will appear.
8. Enter the IP address as 10 10 10 2.
Service AC500 919

9. Enter the Subnet Mask as 255 255 255 0.
10. Default Gateway, Preferred DNS Server and Alternate DNS Server
should be left blank.
11. Click OK.
12. Click OK again to save the settings.
920 AC500 Service

Configuring Firewall Settings
When the LECO software is installed, it automatically configures the

Microsoft Windows firewall settings for the instrument software. (If the
Microsoft Windows firewall settings are ever changed, the easiest fix is
to reinstall the LECO software.)
The following steps apply only when a firewall program other than
Microsoft Windows is used.
1. If another firewall program is installed, search all folders and

subfolders in C:\Program Files\LECO and C:\Program
Files\Common Files\LECO folders and note the .exe files that are
found. For Windows 7, 64-bit OS systems, check C:\Program
Files (x86)\LECO.
These are the default locations; however, the default location may
vary if it was changed during the software installation.
2. Follow the instructions for the firewall program to grant these
.exe files permission in order to run the LECO software.
Service AC500 921

Registering the Software
With a new instrument and PC from LECO, all that is required is to

insert the copy protection key into a USB port. Refer to
Troubleshooting Copy Protection Key, page 928, for further
information.
The following procedure applies when the license is being upgraded
due to the addition of new hardware or a new software version. The
software must be registered before it can be used. If a PC is not
purchased from LECO, refer to Submitting Registration Information to
LECO, page 924, and contact LECO Service for further information
about registering the instrument.
Do not insert the copy protection key into the USB port until
the LECO software is installed and the PC has been
rebooted.
1. Install Copy Protection Key into a USB port on the computer.

2. Double-click the software's desktop icon.
3. In the software main window, click Help and then click About.
The following dialog box appears:
922 AC500 Service

4. Click Change. The Edit License dialog box will appear.
5. Registration information can be entered in two ways as explained

below. It is preferable to copy and paste the information to help
avoid errors.
Type in the registration information exactly as it appears.
If the upgrade information is received in an email from LECO,
copy and paste the registration information as explained in
the following steps.
A. In the email, highlight the information beginning with
<base64> ........ </base64> as shown below.
B. Copy the information by pressing at the same time Ctrl and

C on the keyboard.
C. On the Edit License dialog box, click Paste. (Do not press
CTRL and V on the keyboard.)
D. Click Save.
E. Click OK when the following dialog box appears:
Service AC500 923

Troubleshooting Software Registration
Error Message Checks and Solutions
Verify all entries in the Edit License

dialog box exactly match the registration
information.
Check capitalization.
Invalid Registration Error Message Check that the product version is correct.
For example, the Product Version in the
Edit License dialog box will appear as 400
(no period) but on the Help/About dialog
box, the product version will appear as
4.00 (with a period).
Check that the registration number is
correct.
Check that the spacing between words is
accurate.
Submitting Registration Information to LECO

If the PC is not purchased from LECO, it may be necessary to submit
the registration information to LECO Service. Contact LECO Service
who will assist you in the registration process. LECO Service will
require your company name, serial number, model number, and any
options purchased. The following section explains this procedure.
1. In the software, click Help and then select About.
2. On the About dialog box, click Change.
924 AC500 Service

3. The Edit License dialog box will appear. Enter your Customer
(company), Instrument Serial Number, and Options.
4. Click Copy.
5. Open a blank email message and press Ctrl and V on the
keyboard to paste the license information into the email message.
6. Send the email or just the Key number to the LECO designee.
Service AC500 925

Adding an Option or Changing Customer Name
1. Request/purchase option from LECO. LECO will provide a new key
number and registration information.
2. In the software, click Help on the Menu bar and then select
About.
3. On the About dialog box, click Change.
4. The Edit License dialog box will appear.
926 AC500 Service

5. Registration information can be entered in two ways as explained
below. It is preferable to copy and paste the information to help
avoid errors.
Type in the registration information exactly as it appears.
If the upgrade information is received in an email from LECO,
paste the registration information as explained in the
following steps.
A. Select all of the text in the email from LECO.
B. On the Edit License dialog box, click Paste. The information
from the email, including customer name and any options
will appear in the Edit License dialog box.
C. Click Save.
Service AC500 927

Troubleshooting Copy Protection Key
A Copy Protection Key is required to use the software.

Do not insert the copy protection key into the USB port until the
LECO software is installed and the PC has been rebooted.
The Copy Protection Key should remain installed in one of the
USB ports while using the software.
Copy Protection Key Error Messages
The Copy Protection Key Not Found or License Not Valid dialog box
may appear if the copy protection key is not installed, the software is
not registered, or the software is already running. Follow the steps
below.
Verify the copy protection key is installed. If not,
1. Click OK, and then insert the copy protection key.
2. On the Licenses dialog box, click Close. The software login will
appear.
If the copy protection key is installed, the software may not be
registered.
1. Click OK.
2. Insert the copy protection key. The Licenses dialog box will
appear.
3. Click on the old version and then click Change. Follow the
instructions in Registering the Software, beginning with step 5.
If the copy protection key is installed, the software may already be

running on the computer. Click Close.
928 AC500 Service

Combustion Vessel Charger O-ring Replacement
The combustion vessel charger assembly o-rings should be replaced if

the combustion vessel charger assembly leaks when the combustion
vessel is charged. Leakage will be noticed around the nozzle where it
mates with the combustion vessel.
Do not use a metal blade in place of the plastic o-ring removal tool.
1. Use the o-ring removal tool and pry out the two o-rings. Discard
the removed o-rings. It may be necessary to heat the end of the
o-ring removal tool and bend the end at a right angle to access
both o-rings. Refer to Figure 9-1 below.
2. Use a minimum of silicone grease on the o-rings and insert them

into the nozzle. The o-ring removal tool may be used when
inserting the o-rings.
762-515
O-RING REMOVAL
TOOL
760-224
O-RING
(2 REQ'D)
Figure 9-1
Combustion Vessel Charger O-ring Replacement
Service AC500 929

Troubleshooting
Problem Solution
The bucket water temperature does not Position the Preamplifier Calibration
rise even though the sample has ignited. switch in run position. Refer to Hardware
Dirt in pipet. Particle filter should be replaced. Refer to
Particle Filter Replacement, page 611.
Pipet fills too slow (longer than 2 Particle filter should be replaced. Refer to
minutes). Particle Filter Replacement, page 611.
Air bubbles in the pipet. Low water Add more water to the water return tank
alarm. until it settles slightly over the top of the
filter holder. This depth is only correct
when there has been 4 liters of water
pumped from the water return tank
(2000 ml in the bucket and 2000 ml in
the pipet).
Water too low in water return tank. Pump Water return filter is plugged and not
is sucking air. letting the water drain through fast
enough. Replace the water return filter.
Refer to Water Return Filter
Replacement, page 612.
Water is too low in the water return tank Add more water to the water return tank
and water return tank filter is okay. until it settles slightly over the top of the
filter holder. This depth is only correct
when there has been 4 liters of water
pumped from the water return tank
(2000 ml in the buck and 2000 ml in the
pipet).
Pipet valve leaks water. Nut on rear of pipet valve is too loose,
tighten nut. Always turn pipet valve
clockwise.
Water overflows from the water return Water return filter is plugged. Replace
tank when the pipet valve is off. the water return filter. Refer to Water
Return Filter Replacement, page 612.
The calorimeter displays an open fuse The fuse wire is not making good contact
alarm. with the electrodes. Clean the electrodes
with an abrasive tool or cleaning
solution.
930 AC500 Service

10 Illustrations
Figure 10-12 Lid Plate 608-893 ........................................................1014
Illustrations AC500 101

This Page Intentionally Left Blank.
102 AC500 Illustrations

Illustrations
608-669
TANK ROD
608-876
CLAW
(2 REQ'D)
608-665
PIPET
TANK
AC500
Figure 10-1
AC500 Exploded View #1
608-666 193-110
BLOCK WASHER
(2 REQ'D)
193-154 190-332
621-207 WASHER SCREW
KEYBOARD (2 REQ'D) (2 REQ'D)
COVER 621-240
CALORIMETER 608-667
190-323
SHROUD HOLDER BASE
SCREW
(2 REQ'D)
103
608-751
HOLDER
502-296
WATER
RETURN FILTER
608-750
O-RING
608-749
SCREEN 608-770
RESERVOIR
617-294 COVER
BUCKET 608-747
TANK 608-777
SPACER
(2 REQ'D)
190-366
SCREW 789-066
(2 REQ'D) HINGE
(2 REQ'D)
608-735 608-748
STRAIN STANDOFF 194-056
RELIEF PLATE (3 REQ'D) NUT
608-734
(4 REQ'D)
PROBE
J217 HARNESS
190-267
SCREW
(4 REQ'D)
617-236
COMBUSTION 617-237 190-269
VESSEL RESERVOIR TANK SCREW
TANK ASSEMBLY (5 REQ'D)
ASSEMBLY
193-185
WASHER
(5 REQ'D)
190-323
SCREW
(8 REQ'D)
193-108
WASHER
(8 REQ'D) 194-056
NUT
(2 REQ'D)
618-542
BACK PANEL
621-250 608-776
THREAD HINGE
IGNITER BRACKET
ASSEMBLY
Figure 10-2

608-875
COVER
190-812
SCREW
(2 REQ'D)
190-719 193-150
SCREW WASHER
(2 REQ'D) (2 REQ'D)
194-173
NUT
(2 REQ'D)
608-893
LID PLATE
ASSEMBLY
190-267
SCREW
(4 REQ'D)
190-267
SCREW
608-738 (4 REQ'D)
STIRRER
608-177 193-185
LID MECHANISM WASHER
ASSEMBLY (4 REQ'D)
190-269 621-210
SCREW DISPLAY BOX 190-883
(8 REQ'D) ASSEMBLY SCREW
619-818 (2 REQ'D) 608-895
193-185 BRACKET BRACKET
WASHER 193-127
(8 REQ'D) 190-269 WASHER
SCREW 190-527
(2 REQ'D) SCREW
(2 REQ'D)
(4 REQ'D)
193-185 608-720
WASHER MANIFOLD
(2 REQ'D) ASSEMBLY
608-717
DRAIN
ASSEMBLY
608-754 194-173
190-269 BRACKET
NUT
SCREW (4 REQ'D)
(2 REQ'D)
193-185
WASHER
(2 REQ'D) 193-108 194-057
621-212 WASHER NUT
POWER SUPPLY (4 REQ'D) (4 REQ'D)
ASSEMBLY 193-185
WASHER
(2 REQ'D)
190-269
SCREW
621-250 (2 REQ'D)
THREAD 618-547
IGNITER HEAT EXCHANGER
ASSEMBLY ASSEMBLY
789-419
PUMP
ASSEMBLY
619-422
BASE
780-970
FOOT
(4 REQ'D)
Figure 10-3

603-343
608-698 THERMISTER
STIRRER J886C
PROBE JACKET
MOTOR
(UNDER COVER) THERMISTER
608-734 INPUT
FUSE PROBE
602-504 J217 HARNESS
FLOAT J886B
SWITCH BUCKET
(2 REQ'D) THERMISTER
INPUT
RUN
CAL.2
CAL.1
CALIBRATION
SWITCH
ELECTRONICS
CHASSIS
621-212
POWER
J217 SUPPLY
FUSE LEAD
CONNECTOR
775-604 775-604
PUMP PURGE JACKET
VALVE TANK DRAIN
606-202 VALVE
FAN
618-547
HEAT
EXCHANGER
608-722
789-419 FILL
WATER PUMP SOLENOID
ASSEMBLY
608-720
775-604 MANIFOLD
RESERVOIR
TANK
DRAIN VALVE
778-246
RESTRICTOR
603-065
776-465 PRESSURE
FAN FILTER SWITCH
608-722
RELIEF
SOLENOOID
Figure 10-4
Rear View AC500

This combustion vessel is for use with a wire fuse.
Figure 10-5
Combustion Vessel 621-605-878

This combustion vessel is for use with a thread fuse.
Figure 10-6
Combustion Vessel 621-251

620-806
JACKET
INSULATION
608-732
INSULATION
608-736
INNER JACKET
602-788
PLUG
608-728
TUBING
608-727
FITTING
620-816
OVAL TANK
ASSEMBLY
Figure 10-7
Combustion Vessel Tank 620-817

621-209 190-823
COVER SCREW
(14 REQ'D)
767-629
EXTENSION
(4 REQ'D)
777-767-110
EXTENDED
194-055 POWER CARD
NUT
(4 REQ'D)
608-786
FAN
194-055
602-581
NUT STANDOFF
(4 REQ'D) (2 REQ'D)
777-904
190-227 THERMISTOR
CARD 190-237
SCREW
SCREW
(4 REQ'D) 190-269 (4 REQ'D)
SCREW
190-227
SCREW
(2 REQ'D)
608-861
NUT
(2 REQ'D)
608-759
COVER 608-932
621-208 KNOB
194-055 BOX
666-001
NUT
8 POSITION
(2 REQ'D)
666-339-271 SOLENOID
608-790 PROM CARD CARD WITH
SPEAKER 666-046 WITH 602-581
190-229 FAN CONTROL 602-581 STANDOFF
SCREW CARD WITH STANDOFF (4 REQ'D)
(2 REQ'D) 602-581 (4 REQ'D)
STANDOFF
(4 REQ'D)
Figure 10-8
Electronic Assembly 621-210

775-604
VALVE
(2 REQ'D)
608-718
BRACKET
608-719
FITTING
(2 REQ'D)
Figure 10-9
Drain Bracket 608-717

760-212
FITTING
620-627
608-713
HEAT
FITTING
EXCHANGER
608-714
FITTING
608-715
FITTING
606-202
FAN
615-583
FAN GUARD
(NOT SHOWN)
193-158
WASHER
(4 REQ'D)
190-295 608-716
SCREW FITTING
(4 REQ'D)
Figure 10-10
Heat Exchanger 618-547

515-151
GROMMET
(2 REQ'D)
608-680
PIVOT BRACE
193-178
193-107 WASHER
190-463 WASHER (2 REQ'D)
SCREW (2 REQ'D)
193-178
(2 REQ'D)
WASHER
(2 REQ'D)
608-684
BLOCK 608-679
ROD
608-685
SHAFT 190-877
(2 REQ'D) SCREW
(2 REQ'D)
608-681
BEARING
(2 REQ'D)
193-177
WASHER
(2 REQ'D)
608-682
RETAINING RING
(2 REQ'D)
515-151
GROMMET
(2 REQ'D)
608-676
190-268
GUIDE
SCREW
(2 REQ'D)
608-683 (2 REQ'D)
193-110
BRACKET
WASHER
(6 REQ'D)
193-137
WASHER 190-713
(6 REQ'D) SCREW
(6 REQ'D)
608-677
BRACE
190-930
SCREW
(8 REQ'D)
603-215
PILLOW BLOCK
(2 REQ'D)
193-138
WASHER
(2 REQ'D)
190-930
SCREW
(2 REQ'D)
608-176
GUSSET
CASTING
Figure 10-11
Lid Assembly 608-177

193-004
190-269 190-628
WASHER
SCREW SCREW
(2 REQ'D)
(2 REQ'D) (2 REQ'D)
193-153 608-698
WASHER MOTOR
(2 REQ'D) 190-842
193-110 SET SCREW
WASHER 620-807 (2 REQ'D)
(2 REQ'D) COUPLING 608-699
608-706 194-056 CAPACITOR
BRACKET NUT 190-930
(2 REQ'D) SCREW
(2 REQ'D)
608-705
BRACKET
607-340
190-269 MAGNET 603-246
SCREW TERMINAL BLOCK
(2 REQ'D) 603-247 INSULATOR
(NOT SHOW)
190-267
SCREW 608-848
(4 REQ'D) 193-153 JACKET
WASHER 194-055 PLATE
(4 REQ'D) NUT
193-110 (4 REQ'D)
WASHER 193-139
(4 REQ'D) WASHER
(4 REQ'D)
608-702
MOUNT
(2 REQ'D)
620-805
INSULATION
608-704 760-212
PIN FITTING
(2 REQ'D)
608-892
HANDLE 163-015
783-042 FITTING
FOOT 620-818
(2 REQ'D) FITTING
190-312
SCREW
(12 REQ'D)
608-695
PLATE
190-433
SCREW
(4 REQ'D)
608-992
WEATHER
STRIPPING
608-694
O-RING
762-357
O-RING
589-551
608-693
O-RING
LID
Figure 10-12
Lid Plate 608-893

778-246
RESTRICTOR
608-721
MANIFOLD
BLOCK
608-722
SOLENOID
WITH O-RINGS
(2 REQ'D)
603-065
SWITCH
775-333
FITTING
ADAPTOR
775-611
PLUG
Figure 10-13
Manifold Assembly 608-720

608-609
POWER
TRANSFORMER
806-547 FUSE
CIRCUIT BREAKER 5 AMP 608-604
1.5 AMP POWER SUPPY
J201
604-708
FAN
J1
J215
J210 J2
J216
TERMINAL STRIP 777-887

608-607 TB103
RFI FILTER INTERFACE
WITH AC 115/230 V~ CIRCUIT BOARD
POWER SWITCH SELECTION SWITCH
(PART OF RFI FILTER)
608-605
CAPACITOR
Figure 10-14
Power Supply Chassis 621-212

190-268 608-883
SCREW COVER
(16 REQ'D)
608-618
190-933
BRACKET
SCREW 194-056
(NOT VISIBLE) NUT
608-605 (4 REQ'D)
CAPACITOR
190-268
SCREW
(2 REQ'D)
194-056 193-127
NUT WASHER
(4 REQ'D) (2 REQ'D)
608-609
TRANSFORMER 602-581
STANDOFF
608-606 (4 REQ'D)
BRACKET
193-185 777-887
WASHER INTERFACE
190-930
(2 REQ'D) CARD
SCREW
(2 REQ'D)
608-608
BRACKET
193-127 190-268
WASHER 589-275 SCREW
(2 REQ'D) TERMINAL (2 REQ'D)
BLOCK
193-185
194-055 802-340
WASHER
NUT INSULATOR
(2 REQ'D) BOARD
(4 REQ'D)
(2 REQ'D)
604-708 767-571
FAN STANDOFF
806-547 (2 REQ'D)
CIRCUIT
BREAKER
(WITH NUT)
190-269
190-355 SCREW
SCREW (3 REQ'D)
(4 REQ'D) 193-158
WASHER
900-537
(4 REQ'D)
STANDOFF
(4 REQ'D)
618-545
BOX 608-604
POWER SUPPLY
190-293 194-055
SCREW NUT
193-158 (4 REQ'D)
(4 REQ'D) WASHER
(4 REQ'D)
190-925
SCREW
608-607 193-127 (4 REQ'D)
POWER ENTRY WASHER
SWITCH (4 REQ'D)
190-269
SCREW
(4 REQ'D)
Figure 10-15
Power Supply Chassis Exploded View

789-419-010
PUMP
775-604
VALVE
782-396
FITTING 608-710
FITTING
Figure 10-16
Pump Assembly 789-419

602-504 608-745
SWITCH FITTING
(2 REQ'D)
776-021
FITTING
760-285
FITTING
608-878
FLOAT SWITCH
EXTENSION
617-235
RESERVOIR TANK
Figure 10-17
Reservoir Tank 617-237

Figure 10-18
Igniter Fuse Switch Box

11 Schematics
This section only includes pages of the schematic drawing that are
applicable for service of the instrument.
Figure 11-1 Cabinet Schematic ........................................................111

Figure 11-2 Igniter Box Schematic ...................................................112
Schematics AC500 111

112 AC500 Schematics

Figure 11-1
Cabinet Schematic
Glossary AC500 111

Figure 11-2
Igniter Box Schematic
112 AC500 Schematics

12 Glossary
1/Certified Weighting: A weighting As-Received Basis: Analytical data
that can be applied to the calibration calculated to the moisture condition of
data points that will counteract a bias the sample as it arrived at the
for higher concentrations that comes laboratory and before any processing
naturally out of the curve fitting or conditioning. If the sample has been
routines. maintained in a sealed state so that
there has been no gain or loss, the as-
received basis is equivalent to the
A moisture basis as sampled.
Abort: Stops an analysis in progress.
Accuracy: Closeness of a measured
B
value to the true value.
Baseline: Electronic line determined
Ambient Temperature: The ambient
as the zero or reference line that is
temperature inside the instrument as
used to differentiate the actual analyte
measured by a temperature
concentration.
transducer. This value is in degrees
centigrade. Baud Rate: The data transmission
speed between the computer and
Analysis Date: The date and time
balance.
the analysis completed.
Bias: Deviation of a measurement
Analysis Time: The integration time.
process from the true or accepted
Analyte: The specific component value.
measured in a chemical analysis.
Blank: The signal obtained during an
As-Determined Basis: Analytical analysis that cannot be attributed to
data obtained from the sample after the sample and should be deducted
conditioning and preparation. As- from a measured value to give the net
determined data represents the value due solely to the analyte of
numerical values obtained at the interest in the sample.
particular moisture level in the sample
at the time of analysis. These values
are normally converted to conventional C
reporting bases. Calculated: Displays the
Ash-Free Basis: Data calculated to a concentration of the standard as
theoretical base of no ash associated calculated by the instrument using the
with the sample. measured areas and concentration
curve.
Glossary AC500 121

Calibration: A comparison of a D
measurement standard or instrument
Data Bits: The number of transmitted
with another standard or instrument to
data bits per byte.
report or eliminate, by adjustment,
any variation or deviation in the Delimiter: A character that separates
accuracy of the item being compared. fields of transmitted data.
(Taylor, John K. "Standard Reference Detector: A device that produces a
Materials Handbook for SRM Users." voltage change in response to a
NIST Special Publication, 260-100, change in the composition of the
1993.) material in its flow cell.
Calibration Curve: A series of Device: A list of the various
standard samples containing known electronic assemblies in the instrument
concentrations of the analyte are that are connected to the network and
analyzed. These standards should monitored by the program.
cover the range of interest and have a Dosing: Injecting known volumes of
matrix composition as similar to the gas into an instrument.
samples as possible. A blank sample
Drift: Compensates standard
must be analyzed and subtracted from
calibration and accounts for variances
each of the standard samples. The
or drift in the instrument hardware
Adjusted Area Aadj is plotted along the
that can slightly change the
X-axis versus the known concentration
calibration.
along the Y-axis for each of the
analyzed standard samples. The curve Drift Correction: The process of
that best fits the plotted points is the determining the drift factor.
calibration curve. Drift Factor: A factor that is applied
Calibration Factor: The slope of the to the signal of an analyzed defined
obtained calibration curve. standard to adjust it to the expected
signal; based on information
Calibration Plot: Displays the
extrapolated from the calibration
certified concentration versus the
curve. It is then used to adjust analyte
measured concentration of the sample.
signals to correct for instrument drift.
Certified: Concentrations for a
Drift Repetition: The number of drift
standard.
standards used to adjust the
CFR: Code of Federal Regulations calibration curve to the instruments
Checksum: A four digit number current conditions.
unique to the application software and Dry, Ash-Free Basis: Data
used to verify proper installation. This calculated to a theoretical base of no
number will vary between electronic moisture or ash associated with the
assemblies but is constant between sample.
instruments for a given electronic
Dry Basis: Data calculated to a
assembly. This number changes with
theoretical base of no moisture
each software update.
associated with the sample.
Class: A two digit listing of all
Duty Cycle: The percentage of time
different groups of circuit boards that
that the heater is operating.
are signed on to the network. Each
group will have a distinct class
assigned.
Counters: Tracks and then indicates
when periodic maintenance is
necessary.
122 AC500 Glossary

E Minimum Analysis Time: The
minimum amount of time allotted for
Encoding: Customizes the
analysis. This is also called integration
appearance of the data. Select either
time. During this time the cell output
Unicode or ASCII. Both ASCII and
is being integrated to determine the
Unicode are codes used to represent
result.
text making it possible to transfer data
from one computer to another. Unlike Moisture: Denotes the moisture as
ASCII, which uses 7 bits for each determined.
character, Unicode uses 16 bits for
each character, which means that it
N
can represent more unique characters;
therefore, Unicode is more useful for NI Version: The version number of
languages such as Chinese, Greek, the software currently being used. This
and Japanese, but not as useful for number may vary between circuit
English or Western European boards, but is constant between
languages. instruments for a given circuit board.
F O
Field Delimiter: Determines how the Origin: The intersection of the X and
transmitted data will be separated. Y axes. On the calibration curve this is
zero concentration and zero signal.
Flow Control: Selects the means to
control the data flow from one device Orphan: The database keeps track of
to another to ensure the receiving data objects such as samples,
device can handle all of the incoming calibrations, standards, methods, etc.
data. that are associated with each other.
Orphan database objects are created
when the connection between data
I objects is broken due to a rare
Instance: A unique number assigned occasion such as when a sample is
to an electronic assembly that shows deleted and the software does not
how many variations of each electronic perform the save correctly.
assembly are present in the
instrument.
P
Parity: The quality of being odd or
L even. Parity is used to ensure the
LCL: Lower Control Limit validity of the data.
Pause: Select to stop or delay an
analysis and then resume the analysis
M manually or at a predetermined time.
MAC- ID: The network ID number pdf: portable document format
assigned to the electronic assembly
connected to the network. This Pneumatic Pressure: The pressure
number is assigned at power up and of the pneumatic gas (compressed
can vary. air). The value is in psi (pounds per
square inch).
Method: A set of analysis parameter
values specified for an analysis. Poll Devices: Determines which
electronic assemblies are signed on to
the network.
Glossary AC600 123

Port: The serial port of the computer S
used to connect and communicate with
Sample: A determined mass of a
the balance. Default COM 2.
substance of unknown analyte
ppm: parts per million concentration. The analyte
Precision: Variability of the individual concentration will be determined by
results of replicate measurements. performing the analysis.
Preload Depressurization: The Sample Prep Power: The set
length of time the system will furnace power during sample
depressurize before the loading head preparation time.
opens. Sample Prep Time: The time period
before analysis that surface oxides are
removed. This setting should always
Q
be just below the melting point.
Qvad: Gross Calorific Value at Sample Preparation Time is not
constant volume, as-determined basis. included or added to the Integration
Qvar: Gross Calorific Value at Time Period.
constant volume, as-received basis. Send: Select to send a weight from
Qvd: Gross Calorific Value at constant the balance. When operational, the
volume, dry basis. balance reading will display in the
Qvdaf: Gross Calorific Value at spreadsheet.
constant volume, dry ash-free basis. Send Command: The command sent
Qvad Max (J/g): Gross Calorific from the instrument that will allow the
Value at constant volume, as- balance results to be sent and
determined basis. automatically entered into the
spreadsheet for the sample.
Sensitivity Factor: A multiplicative
R factor applied to the adjusted area
Readability: The smallest increment (Aadj) for the purpose of adjusting the
of weight displayed. Determines the units and to give a calibration factor
number of digits that will display from near 1.0.
the balance results. Serial Number: The hardware ID
Recalculate: After an analysis is number assigned to the electronic
complete, Recalculate Results can be assembly. This number is assigned
used to recalculate the result if the during manufacturing and is unique to
extraction data or calibration has each electronic assembly. The serial
changed. number is stored on the circuit board
Recalculated Date: The date when in a PROM.
an analysis is recalculated. Until an Significant Digits: The digits
analysis is recalculated, this column required to represent the accuracy of
will display the same data as the an approximate number beginning
Analysis Date column. with the leftmost non zero digit and
Reporting Units: Determines the ending with the rightmost non zero
elements that will display in a plot or digit (or a zero considered to be the
report. exact value). For example 0.132 has
Residual Error: Plots the residual three significant digits and 3.142 has
error versus the certified concentration four significant digits.
of the sample. Residual Standards: Determination of analyte
Error=Calculated-Certified. concentration by several laboratories
utilizing more than one technique
when applicable.
124 AC500 Glossary

Stop Bits: The number of data bits W
that are used to signal the end of
Weighting: Displays a factor
transmitted data.
manually entered by the user to
weight a particular calibration point.
T When one calibration point is assigned
a higher value than other calibration
Tare: Set the balance display to zero.
points, that point is considered more
Text Export Buffers: Select to important and is therefore favored by
export raw data buffers to another the calibration curve.
software application.
Total Moisture (H2O): Denotes the
total moisture as received.
Transmission Formats: Transmit
data to a network computer for
storage and/or processing.
TruSpeed: A calculation mode used
to improve analysis speed and
precision.
U
UCL: Upper Control Limit
Uncertainty: The range of values
within which the true value is
estimated to be. It is the best estimate
of the possible inaccuracy due to both
random and systematic error. (Taylor,
John Keenan. Statistical Techniques
for Data Analysis. Lewis Publishers,
Inc.: Chelsea, Michigan. 1990).
V
VDC: Volts Direct Current. Current
flows in a single direction.
Version: The version number of the
application software located on the
electronic assembly. This software can
be upgraded from the network
procedure.
Glossary AC600 125

126 AC600 Glossary

13 Index
A
Abort an Analysis ...........................................................................523
Accessories List ..............................................................................127
Adding a Database Connection .........................................................457
Adding or Changing User Permission .................................................434
Ambient Monitor Chart ....................................................................83
Ambient Nominal Values .................................................................84
Analyzing a Sample ........................................................................521
Archive Log ...................................................................................470
Auto Widths...................................................................................
B
Balance
Balance Configuration Definitions ................................................440
Configuration ............................................................................439
Control Panel ............................................................................34
Entering a Mass ........................................................................55
Entering a Sample Weight ..........................................................36
Installation ...............................................................................33
Resetting .................................................................................36
Setting the Data Characters Parameters.......................................34
Setting Up Communication with Balance ......................................35
Testing ....................................................................................36
C
Cabinet Schematic .........................................................................111
Calculations and Corrections ............................................................76
Calibration ....................................................................................524
Backup Calibration Values ..........................................................86
Backup (Hardware) ...................................................................86
Restore Calibration Values ..........................................................87
Standard Calibration ..................................................................524
Clone Button .................................................................................412
Combustion Vessel
Bucket Preparation ....................................................................515
Index AC500 131

Charger O-ring Replacement.......................................................93
General Maintenance .................................................................69
Hydrostatic and Proof Testing .....................................................135
Illustration 608-620...................................................................107
Illustration 621-251...................................................................108
Preparation for Thread Fuse .......................................................512
Preparation for Wire Fuse ...........................................................59
Safety Notice ............................................................................131
Compacting/Repairing a Legacy Database .........................................464
Components and Accessories List .....................................................127
Component Pack ............................................................................127
Computer Installation .....................................................................215
Configuration Menu ........................................................................411
Configuring the Ethernet Adapter .....................................................912
Windows XP ................................................................................918
Windows Vista .............................................................................916
Configuring the Firewall Settings ......................................................921
Configuring the System...................................................................437
Controls and Indicators ...................................................................44
Copy Protection Key Error Messages .................................................928
Creating and Modifying User Defined Fields .......................................451
Creating or Modifying Methods .........................................................517
Customizing Fonts and Columns .......................................................415
D
Data
Backup ....................................................................................551
Exporting .................................................................................539
Importing .................................................................................542
Transmitting .............................................................................543
Database Menu
Archive Log .................................................................................470
Data Transmit Installation ...............................................................216
Declaration of Conformity ................................................................117
Defining Calibration Standards .........................................................442
Deleting a Sample ..........................................................................526
Deleting a Sample Template ............................................................445
Determining User Permissions..........................................................432
Diagnostics Menu ...........................................................................411
E
Edit Menu ......................................................................................48
132 AC500 Index

Error Messages ..............................................................................554
Equipment Packages .......................................................................124
Export Button ................................................................................412
Exporting Data ...............................................................................534
F
Facility Requirements (Illustration) ...................................................27
Fan Filter Removal and Cleaning ......................................................610
Functions ......................................................................................452
H
Hardware Calibration ......................................................................89
Edit Preamplifier ..........................................................................89
Peamplifier Calibration ..................................................................810
Thermistor Calibration ..................................................................812
Heat Correction ..............................................................................518
Hydrostatic and Proof Testing ..........................................................135
I
Igniter Box Schematic.....................................................................112
Illustrations List .............................................................................16
Importing Data ..............................................................................542
Indicators ......................................................................................44
Inserting a Sample out of Sequence .................................................525
Instrument
Installation ...............................................................................23
Rear View (Illustration) ..............................................................106
Interference to Other Devices ..........................................................111
International Installation .................................................................214
J
Jacket
Assembly (Illustration)...............................................................109
Thermistor (Illustration) .............................................................812
Index AC500 133

K
L
Log Bar .........................................................................................49
Logging in a Sample .......................................................................55
Logging in Using a Calibration Standard ............................................443
Logging in Periodic Maintenance .......................................................67
M
Maintenance Menu .........................................................................412
Maintenance Schedule ....................................................................63
Maintenance Counters ....................................................................64
Modifying Periodic Maintenance Counter .......................................65
Managing Databases .......................................................................454
Manifold Assembly (Illustration) .......................................................1015
Methods ........................................................................................517
Creating ...................................................................................517
Importing .................................................................................542
Monitoring Ambient Chart...........................................................83
Menu Bar ......................................................................................48
N
Needle Valve (Troubleshooting) .......................................................69
Number Formatting ........................................................................453
O
Optional Equipment ........................................................................125
O-ring Pack ...................................................................................128
Oxygen Connection ........................................................................24
P
Particle Filter Replacement ..............................................................611
Periodic Maintenance Schedule ........................................................63
Pipet Installation ............................................................................24
Power Cord Wiring Diagram .............................................................29
Preamplifier Calibration ...................................................................810
Preparing Crucibles.........................................................................57
Preparing Samples .........................................................................58
Printer Installation..........................................................................37
134 AC500 Index

R
Recalculating Results ......................................................................527
Repeating Data in Multiple Cells .......................................................525
S
Safety Notice .................................................................................131
Sample
Analyzing .................................................................................521
Applying Sample Signature .........................................................528
Creating Sample Templates ........................................................ 421
Filters ......................................................................................447
Logging....................................................................................55
Menu .......................................................................................410
Preparation ..............................................................................58
Selecting a Language ......................................................................436
Serial Port Configuration .................................................................440
Setup, Balance...............................................................................36
Smartline Installation .....................................................................38
Software
Installing ..................................................................................93
Registering ...............................................................................922
Solenoids and Switches ...................................................................85
Specifications ................................................................................129
Status Bar .....................................................................................49
Standard Calibration .......................................................................524
T
Text Commands Definition ..............................................................440
Theory of Operation........................................................................75
Thermistor Calibration ....................................................................812
Thermistor (Illustration) ..................................................................815
Thread Vessel Accessory Pack ..........................................................128
Toolbar .........................................................................................414
Transferring Export ........................................................................551
Transferring Import ........................................................................552
Transmit Format Configuration.........................................................543
Transmitting Data ..........................................................................543
Troubleshooting .............................................................................930
U
User Defined Fields.........................................................................451
Using Toolbars ...............................................................................414
Index AC500 135

V
Vessel O-ring Pack .........................................................................128
View History Definitions ..................................................................527
View Menu ....................................................................................49
View Signatures .............................................................................529
Viewing Log File .............................................................................68
W
Warranty.......................................................................................17
Water
Water System Filling ..................................................................615
Water System Draining ..............................................................614
Water Return Filter Replacement .................................................612
Pump Assembly (Illustration) ......................................................1018
Manifold Assembly (Illustration) ..................................................1015
Water Flow Diagram .......................................................................722
Wire Vessel Accessory Pack .............................................................128
Water Return Tank Installation ........................................................25
136 AC500 Index

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AC500 Automatic

Patents are Pending in U.S.A. and other countries

Figure 2-1 Facility Requirements ......................................................27

Equipment manufactured by LECO Corporation, St. Joseph, Michigan is warranted free

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110 AC500 Introduction

Introduction AC500 111

112 AC500 Introduction

Introduction AC500 113

114 AC500 Introduction

Introduction AC500 115

116 AC500 Introduction

Introduction AC500 117

This instruction manual provides information about the AC500 as explained

Chapter 1, Introduction, page 13, describes general information including

118 AC500 Introduction

The instruction manual is available as a pdf (portable document format) . To

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For version 8, right-click on and then select Bookmarks. Select a heading

Introduction AC500 119

120 AC500 Introduction

By installing the Licensed Software, the Licensee acknowledges that Licensee

II. License Grant

1. transfer or allow transfer of copies of the Licensed Software to any other

Introduction AC500 121

III. Enhancements And Support

IV. Termination Of Software License

V. Copyright And Proprietary Information

VI. Limitation Of Liability And Warranties

122 AC500 Introduction

Introduction AC500 123

AC500NC AC500 Automatic Calorimeter with PC without Vessel

AC500NCR AC500 Automatic Calorimeter without Vessel or PC

AC500TC AC500 Automatic Calorimeter with Vessel and PC

124 AC500 Introduction

AC500WC AC500 Automatic Calorimeter with Wire Vessel with PC

AC500WCR AC500 Automatic Calorimeter with Wire Vessel without PC

Introduction AC500 125

126 AC500 Introduction

Component Pack (603-350-071)

Introduction AC500 127

Wire Vessel Accessory Pack (621-243)

Thread Vessel Accessory Pack (621-244)

Vessel O-ring Pack (621-249)

128 AC500 Introduction

Introduction AC500 129

130 AC500 Introduction

Introduction AC500 131

Introduction AC500 133

134 AC500 Introduction

During installation and operation of this instrument, the

Figure 2-1 Facility Requirements ......................................................27

1. Refer to the Facility Requirements diagram, page 27, during

HIGH VOLTAGE HAZARD

VERIFY THE IGNITER FUSE SWITCH POSITION

115 V~ WIRING DIAGRAM (U.S.A.)

220 V~ 3 WIRE WIRING DIAGRAM INTERNATIONAL

* BLUE WIRE IS CUT OFF INSIDE THE UNIT AND IS NON-FUNCTIONAL

230 V~ 3 WIRE WIRING DIAGRAM U.S.A.

* BLUE WIRE IS CUT OFF INSIDE THE UNIT AND IS NON-FUNCTIONAL

230 V~ 4 WIRE CENTER TAPPED WIRING DIAGRAM U.S.A.

210 AC500 Installation