16th World Conference on

Earthquake Engineering, 16WCEE 2017

Santiago Chile, January 9th to 13th 2017

PROBABILISTIC SEISMIC DAMAGE

ASSESSMENT OF URM BUILDINGS BASED
ON INCREMENTAL DYNAMIC ANALYSIS
Paper #1037
J. A. Avila-Haro , R. Gonzlez-Drigo, L. G. Pujades, A. Barbat (1)

(1) Associate Professor; Dept. of Strength of Materials and Structural Engineering (RMEI-EEBE), Technical University of Catalonia-BarcelonaTech (UPC); jorge.avia-haro@upc.edu

Unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings belong to one of the most common and easily recogniza- Due to computational and time limitations, a sufficiently representative sample is selected firstly
ble structural typologies of the urban dwelling stock of a large number of European cities. Despite from the population of mechanical properties, and secondly from the population of dynamics
the several similarities between these structure, many aspects, such as the year of construction, analyses for each direction of analysis. The simple random sampling method without replacement
the construction methods, the quality of the labor force, the production processes and the quality was applied to obtain the values of the mechanical properties to be used, and the number of
of the materials, the intended use of the structure, or even the number of levels, determine their dynamic analyses to be performed.
uniqueness in each country or region. =2.971 [MPa]
=0.469 [MPa]
min=1.429 [MPa]
max=4.341 [MPa]
=1478.915 [MPa]
=254.694 [MPa]
min=2076.412 [MPa]
max=706.576 [MPa]
0.5 (T1X+T1Y), [s] 0.5 (T1X+T1Y), [s]
fm [MPa] E [MPa]

55

65

75

85

95
1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000

55

65

75

85

95
7
6

7
6

9
1
At present, this type of structures still represents a large proportion of nearly the 70% of the totality

0.
0.

0.

0.

0.

0.

0.

0.

0.

0.
0.

0.

0.

0.

0.

0.

0.

0.
0.90 0.90 1
y = 0.97474 - 0.0010991x y = 0.97139 - 0.000002185x

max=0.913 [s]
0.85 r = -0.88603 r = -0.95547 0.85

min=0.529 [s]
0.8
of 8 658 functional housing buildings of the City of Barcelona, Spain [1]. Furthermore, the majority

=0.648 [s]
=0.058 [s]
0.80 0.80 100

X
0.75 0.75 0.6

of these buildings overpass 100 years old and were built without any consideration of the seismic
0.70 0.70

cdf
200

T1 [s]
0.65 0.65 0.4

action, making their study and subsequent assessment highly relevant in order to understand their
0.60 0.60
0.55 0.55 300 0.2

Sample No. (278 of 1000)

vulnerability and response when subjected to any plausible solicitation. 0.90 y = 0.99362 - 0.0011484x y = 0.98903 - 0.000002276x 0.90
400
0

max=0.930 [s]
min=0.524 [s]
r = -0.87448 r = -0.93998
0.85 0.85

=0.652 [s]
=0.062 [s]
0.80 0.80
/ Sample period (n=278)
Y 0.75
0.70
0.75
0.70
500
Tmin
Two of the most relevant sources of variability and epistemic uncertainties, respectively, are: 1

T1 [s]
0.65 0.65
0.60 0.60 600 Tmax
1) the plausible ground motion demand, and 0.55 0.55

700

7
100

63
2) the mechanical properties of the materials

0.
0.90 0.90 90

Interval Frequency, (=278)

y = 0.91768 - 0.0000054x y = 0.91631 - 0.029938x
800

max=0.913 [s]
0.85

min=0.529 [s]
These shortcomings can be addressed by probabilistic studies, in which the sources of uncertainty
0.85 r = -0.9451 r = -0.79999
80

=0.648 [s]
=0.058 [s]

7
0.80 0.80

67
70

0.
0.75 0.75
X
are represented and introduced into the model by means of random variables in order to analyze
900

2
0.70 0.70 60

59
0.
0.65 0.65

T1 [s]
their correlation and different grades of influence in the final response.
50
0.60 0.60 1000

4
72
0.55 0.55 0 40

0.
4
55
1 30

0.
0.90

6
0.90 y = 0.94149 - 0.0000058x y = 0.93222 - 0.031243x

74
max=0.930 [s]
min=0.524 [s]
r = -0.95758 r = -0.78858 20
0.85 2

0.
0.85

=0.652 [s]
=0.062 [s]

7
4

1
0.80

85
0.80 3

80

92
10

pdf

0.
0.

0.
0.75
Y
0.75

A seven-story unreinforced masonry building in Barcelona, Spain, is taken as a case-study and 0.70 0.70 4 0

1
5
8

0. 2

1
5
0
4

8
T1 [s]

6
0.65 0.65 5

52

57
61
65

96
70

79
83

87
92
74
modeled as an isolated solid clay structure with unidirectional iron beams-brick vaults slabs and

0.

0.
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0.

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0.

0.
0.
0.60 0.60 I1 I2 I3 I4 I5 I6 I7 I8 I9 I10
0.55
6
0.55
7 Periods Intervals (equal size), [s]
load-bearing walls.
300 400 500 600 700 800 0.05 0.07 0.09 0.11 0.13

G [MPa] 0 [MPa]
= 498.309[MPa] min=231.080 [MPa] = 0.0895[MPa] min=0.0434 [MPa]
=101.806 [MPa] max=802.617 [MPa] = 0.0155[MPa] max=0.1407 [MPa]

0.20 m +X PGA, [g] +Y PGA, [g]

0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30

0.08
0.30 m
3.1 m

0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10 0.12

0.20 m
Least
Square

0.06
3.2 m 3.2 m

0.20 m
Rec-01
Rec-02
droof, [m]

droof, [m]
0.04
0.20 m Rec-03
Rec-04
24.5 m
31.5 m

28 m

3.2 m 3.2 m

b Rec-05

0.02
0.20 m
Rec-06
Rec-07
0.20 m
0

0
3.2 m

0.20 m
The results are categorized in accordance to the variables of interest.
0.45 m
4m

c d +X Record 01 Record 02 Record 07

a b a
1m 3m 0.12

0.1
0.12 0.12

0.1 0.1
Y 0.08 0.08 0.08
X
d roof ,[m]

d roof ,[m]

d roof ,[m]
16 m 0.06

0.04
0.06

0.04
0.06

0.04

0.02 0.02 0.02

In order to overcome the material definition shortcomings and their uncertainties, the compressive 0.30
0.26
0.30
0.26
0.30
0.26

strength, Young modulus, shear modulus and shear strength are modeled as random variables. 0.22
0.18
0.22
0.18
0.22
0.18
4 4 4

fm
0.14 0.14 0.14
3.5 3.5 3.5
0.10 0.10 0.10
3 3 3
PGA,[g] 0.06 2.5 0.06 0.06
PGA,[g] 2.5 PGA,[g] 2.5

2 3 4
1 Variable Target values Generated values 0.02 2 f m,[MPa] 0.02 2 f m,[MPa] 0.02 2 f m,[MPa]

of
120
=2.982 0.8
interest The response of the structure presents a visible tendency of higher values for the control variable,
=0.492
fm 80 min=1.311 0.6
fm 3.00 0.515 2.982 0.492 roof, as the fm values decrease and the pga values increase.
cpdf
pdf

max=4.693
0.4
40
fm 0.2 E E 1500 257.58 1494.71 267.81 +X +Y
0 0
1000 1400 1800 2200 G 500 85.86 500.18 101.44 a) a)

1
2000 120
=1494.702
=267.655
0.8 0 0.09 0.016 0.0897 0.016
E 1600 80 min=706.580
max=2333.818
0.6
Units in MPa
cpdf
pdf

0.4
1200

800
y = 4.5127 + 499.6681x
r = 0.91816
40
E 0.2 G
0 0
300 500 700
1
700 700 120
=500.179 0.8
=101.371

G 80 min=202.393 0.6

500 500 max=836.304
cpdf
pdf

0.4 b) b)
40 0
300 y = 3.5215 + 168.8937x 300 y = 0.89967 + 0.33524x G 0.2
r = 0.81935 r = 0.88506
0 0 0.05 0.10 0.15
0.15 1
0.15 0.15
120 =0.0897 0.8

=0.0160
min=0.0404 0.6
0.10 0.10 0.10 80 max=0.1553
0
cpdf
pdf

0.4

y = 0.00077171 + 0.029828x y = 0.013922 + 5.07e-05x y = 0.029581 + 0.000120x

40 0 0.2
0.05 r = 0.91669 0.05 r = 0.84824 0.05 r = 0.76181
0
2 3 4 1000 1400 1800 2200 300 500 700
0
c) c)
pdf cpdf 1
Units in MPa

The seismic demand variability is addressed through a set of different ground motions selected
with the conditional spectrum method and subsequently scaled to different levels of demand (pga)
as the incremental dynamic analysis methodology suggests.
a) Record Earthquake Date Data Station PGA
0
10 +2 response
spectrum No. (dd/mm/yy) Time Source ID [g]
1 CHALFANT 07/31/86 07:22 CDMG 54171 0.119
-2 response 2 HOLLISTER 01/26/86 19:20 USGS 1656 0.100
Sa [g]

spectrum
1
3 MANAGUA 12/23/72 07:19 3501 0.271
10
4 COALINGA 06/11/83 03:09 USGS 1606 0.191
Median response spectrum
5 HOLLISTER 01/26/86 19:20 USGS 1656 0.114
Response spectra of
simulated ground motions 6 MAMMOTH 01/07/83 01:38 CDMG 54099 0.153
2
7 WHITTIER 10/04/87 10:59 CDMG 24400 0.261
10
T [s]
2 1 0
10 10 10

0.2